Consideration Of Future Consequences Research Articles

The association between consideration of future consequences and food intake is mediated by food choice motives in a French adult population.

Consideration of future consequences (CFC) distinguishes individuals who adopt behaviours based on immediate needs and concerns from individuals who consider the future consequences of their behaviours. We aimed to assess the association between CFC and diet, and testing the mediating role of food choice motives on this relationship. Individuals (aged ≥ 18 years) completed the CFC-12 questionnaire in 2014, at least three 24-h dietary records, and a food choice motive questionnaire. A multiple mediator analysis allowed to assess the mediating effect of food choice motives on the cross-sectional association between CFC and diet, adjusted for socio-demographic factors. Data from the NutriNet-Santé cohort study. 27 330 participants. CFC was associated with all food choice motives (P < 0·001), with the strongest positive associations for avoidance for environmental reasons, absence of contaminants and health motives and the strongest negative associations for innovation and convenience. Positive total effects were found between CFC and the consumption of healthy food groups (fruits and vegetables, whole-grain foods, legumes), and negative total effects for alcohol, meat and poultry and processed meat (P < 0·001). CFC was positively associated with diet quality (P < 0·001). Across food groups, major mediators of these relationships were higher health (8·4-32·6%), higher environmental (13·7-22·1 %) and lower innovation (7·3-25·1 %) concerns. CFC was associated with healthier dietary intake, essentially mediated by a greater motivation of future-oriented participants for self-centred and altruistic outcomes, including health and environment. Focusing on the awareness of future benefits in public health interventions might lead to healthier dietary behaviours.

How future orientations predict healthy outcomes: Information avoidance as a potential mechanism.

This study elucidates whether information avoidance may help explain demonstrated links between future orientation and health. In an online study, college students reported their self-reported prevention and detection health behaviors and responded to a prevention and detection health message. Path analyses indicated that information avoidance mediated the relationship with the future orientations (optimism and consideration of future consequences), such that, greater and more positive future orientations were associated with less information avoidance, and less information avoidance was associated with greater self-reported health behaviors and positive responses to health information. Correlational analyses revealed that information avoidance was particularly related to health outcomes, and to a greater extent than future orientations. Our findings join a growing literature showing the importance of information avoidance for a variety of health behaviors and suggest a potential intervention target for individuals whose characteristic ways of (not) thinking about their future might keep them unaware and unhealthy.

The new ecological paradigm and consideration of future consequences; an integrated approach

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to narrow the research gap by examining the relationship between new ecological paradigm (NEP), consideration of future consequences (CFC), the intention to buy and the intention to pay a premium in the context of electric car (EC) purchase in India.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a structured questionnaire to measure the variables of the research. The study successfully obtained useable data from a sample of 491 consumers residing in India. The analysis of the variables and their relationships was done using structural equation modelling using SMARTPLS4 software.FindingsThe relationship between the values of NEP and CFC was observed in the context of electric cars that has a significant impact on the intention to buy and pay a premium. It also highlights the role of CFC future and CFC immediate on the intention to buy and between NEP and the intention to pay a premium.Research limitations/implicationsThe study only covers electric cars, and therefore further testing of these relationships is required in the context of other forms of environmentally friendly transportation. The results are generalizable across the potential consumers of EC but are even more pertinent to higher-income millennial consumers.Practical implicationsPotential buyers of electric cars, having a positive orientation towards the environment and also consideration for future consequence, were observed to have a stronger intention to buy EC. The study finds a way in increasing the intention to buy an EC by catalyzing environmental concern of consumers through CFC future.Originality/valueThis is the first study that has examined the NEP-CFC relationship, and provides evidence that the intention to buy an electric car is not only NEP (environmental concern)-dependent but also considers CFC's future orientation. This study adds the CFC aspect as another important variable regarding the purchase of EC, and proves that environmental concern is not the only moderating factor to buy an EC.

Powering the transition: examining factors influencing the intention to adopt electric vehicles

Purpose The purpose of the study is to examine the factors that influence people's intention to adopt electric vehicles (EVs). The study used an expanded theory of planned behaviour (TPB) along with the addition of perceived trust and consideration of future consequences (CFC).Design/methodology/approach The study is based on primary data collected from 282 respondents in Punjab through a questionnaire. The collected data were analysed using SPSS 26 and AMOS 24 to perform confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling.Findings The empirical analysis indicates that attitude, subjective norms and perceived trust have a significant influence on the adoption intention (AI) of EVs.Research limitations/implications The implications provide policymakers and marketers with better insights into marketing EVs in the trajectory of sustainable mobility. Marketers should create focussed marketing materials that highlight the environmental ease of use, lower running costs and sophisticated technology of electric automobiles. The limitations of the study provide valuable insights for future researchers.Originality/value This is the first study that uses CFC with the TPB model in the context of AI of EVs specifically for the Punjab region.

31 Understanding Health Beliefs and Health Behaviors in Older Adults at Risk for Alzheimer’s Disease

Objective:Given the aging population, there are significant public health benefits to delaying the onset of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in individuals at risk. However, adherence to health behaviors (e.g., diet, exercise, sleep hygiene) is low in the general population. The Health Belief Model proposes that beliefs such as perceived threat of disease, perceived benefits and barriers to behavior change, and cues to action are mediators of behavior change. The aim of this study was to gain additional information on current health behaviors and beliefs for individuals at risk for developing AD. This information can then be used to inform behavioral interventions and individualized strategies to improve health behaviors that may reduce AD risk or delay symptom onset.Participants and Methods:Surveys were sent to the Rhode Island AD Prevention Registry, which is enriched for at-risk, cognitively normal adults (i.e., majority with a family history and/or an APOE e4 allele). A total of 177 individuals participated in this study. Participants were 68% female; 93% Caucasian and non-Hispanic; mean age of 69.2; 74% with family history of dementia; 40% with subjective memory decline. The survey included measures from the Science of Behavior Change (SoBC) Research Network to measure specific health belief factors, including individual AD risk, perceived future time remaining in one’s life, generalized self-efficacy, deferment of gratification, consideration of future consequences as well as dementia risk awareness and a total risk score for dementia calculated from a combination demographic, health and lifestyle behaviors.Results:Participants who were older had higher scores for dementia risk (r=0.78), lower future time perspective (r=-0.33), and lower generalized self-efficacy (r=-0.31) (all at p&lt;0.001). Higher education correlated with higher consideration of future consequences (r=-.31, p&lt;0.001) and lower overall dementia risk score (r=-0.23, p=0.006). Of all scales examined, only generalized self-efficacy had a significant linear relationship to both frequency (r2=0.06) and duration (r2=0.08) of weekly physical activity (p&lt;0.001). Total dementia risk score also had significant linear relationships (r2=0.19) with future time perspective (p&lt;0.001) and generalized self-efficacy (p=0.48).Conclusions:Overall, individuals who rated themselves higher in self-efficacy were more likely to exercise more frequently and for a longer duration. Individuals who had lower overall risk for dementia due to both demographic and behavioral factors were more likely to endorse higher self-efficacy and more perceived time remaining in their lives. Increasing self-efficacy and targeting perceived future time limitations may be key areas to increase motivation and participation in behavioral strategies to reduce AD risk. Developing individual profiles based on these scales may further allow for individually tailored intervention opportunities.

Implicit Theories of Smoking and Intention to Quit: A Serial Mediation Model.

There is growing evidence that implicit theories of smoking (ITS)-whether smokers perceive smoking behavior as malleable or fixed-are significant predictors of quitting intentions. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms of implicit theories on smoking in predicting smokers' intentions to quit. We conducted multiple linear regression with quitting intentions as the dependent variable, ITS as the independent variable, and sociodemographic variables, quitting attempts in the past year, and receiving quitting advice in the past 12 months as the covariates. The mediating role of consideration of future consequences (CFC) and self-efficacy in the relationship between implicit theories of smoking and quitting intentions was evaluated by mediation analyses. A total of 510 smokers were included in the final analyses. Smokers holding a higher incremental theory of smoking reported a higher likelihood of considering future consequences (β = 0.289, p < .001) and a weaker possibility of considering immediate results (β = -0.317, p < .001), which, in turn, enhanced their quitting self-efficacy and then led to stronger intentions to quit smoking (β = 0.261, p < .001). The current study enriched our understanding of the underlying mechanisms that connect smokers' ITS and their likelihood of smoking cessation such that higher incremental theories of smoking predict stronger intention to quit smoking, and the effect was serially mediated by smokers' likelihood of considering future consequences of their behavior and their perceived self-efficacy for smoking cessation. This study indicated the mediating role of CFC and self-efficacy for smoking cessation on the relationship between the ITS and quitting intentions. These two psychological factors and the pathways may be important points for understanding the model of implicit theories for smoking and improving the effectiveness of implicit theories-based intervention on smoking cessation.

Young people's future thinking and mental health: The development and validation of the Adolescent Future Thinking Rating Scale.

We aimed to develop and validate a new scale of future thinking and adolescent mental health-the Adolescent Future Thinking Rating Scale (AFTRS). A provisional AFTRS was developed from interviews with 19 adolescents. It was completed by three samples: exploratory (n=161) aged 16-21years, who also completed established measures of future thinking, cognitive risk factors, depression and anxiety; replication (n=209) aged 16-25years; and test-retest (n=102) aged 17-23years. The reliability, convergent, predictive, and discriminant validity were examined. Exploratory factor analyses identified the AFTRS-18 and AFTRS-12. Both had three sub-scales: (i) Concerns about Maladaptive Future Thinking, (ii) Future Positivity, and (iii) Ability to Visualise the Future. Established future thinking measures were combined into two factors: Negative Future Emotions (Cognitive Triad Inventory-View of Future and Beck's Hopelessness Scale) and Immediacy Preference (Consideration of Future Consequences and Quick Delay Questionnaire). The AFTRS-18 and AFTRS-12 were similarly associated with both factors and with depression/anxiety. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were high. The AFTRS-12 and AFTRS-18 are reliable and valid measures of the three key dimensions of adolescent future thinking and mental health. The first subscale remained significant in predicting depression and anxiety after controlling for general cognitive risks.

The association between future self-continuity and problematic mobile video gaming among Chinese college students: the serial mediation of consideration of future consequences and state self-control capacity

BackgroundTo explore the relationship between future self-continuity and problematic mobile video gaming among Chinese college students and to examine the serial mediation of consideration of future consequences and state self-control capacity on the association between future self-continuity and problematic mobile video gaming, based on Identity-Based Motivation Theory.MethodsThe Problematic Mobile Video Gaming Scale, Future Self-continuity Scale, Consideration of Future Consequences Scale, and Short Version of State Self-control Capacity Scale were administered to a sample comprising 800 college students (338 males accounting for 42.3%). Multivariate analysis and latent variables analysis were utilized to explore the separate mediating role consideration of future consequences and state self-control capacity played in the association between future self-continuity and problematic mobile video gaming, and their serial mediation also was investigated. The Bootstrap method was employed to test the significance of these mediation effects.ResultsThe negative association between future self-continuity and problematic mobile video gaming was moderately found. Students with increased consideration of future consequences from higher levels of future self-continuity have decreased their problematic mobile video gaming. Future self-continuity significantly positively predicted state self-control capacity, which in turn significantly negatively predicted problematic mobile video gaming. The serial mediation was also found.ConclusionThe findings revealed why differences in identification with the current and future selves become influencing factors in problematic mobile video gaming. This study observed the mediating role that consideration of future consequences and state self-control capacity play in the association between future self-continuity and problematic mobile video gaming.

Consideration of Future Consequences Affects the Perception and Interpretation of Self-Conscious Emotions.

Differentiating guilt from shame expressed by others is important because self-conscious emotions have disparate behavioral consequences. The present study examined whether a future-relevant nature of an event (i.e., future opportunity) and an observer (i.e., consideration of future consequences) can impact the perception and interpretation of shame and guilt experiences. Participants (N = 109) read a scenario that described a target person who neglected his duty on a team project, then rated their perceived intensity of the target's shame and guilt and their estimation of future behavior change by the target. The results showed that the participants who cared about distant future consequences (i.e., high in consideration of future consequences) thought the target person would change in the future when they believed that the target person would have an opportunity (vs. no future opportunity) to change the outcome of the event. This effect was fully mediated by the guilt intensity ratings, indicating that guilt signals future behavior change. The implications for the value of communicating self-conscious emotions are discussed.

Psychological variables related to decision making for mask wearing during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Mask wearing can prevent and/or mitigate the spread of COVID-19. Psychological variables related to decision making can potentially influence mask wearing. We surveyed college students (N = 1,085) about wearing a mask inside a store and outside on a busy street. Predictor variables were demographics, COVID-19 variables, and psychological variables of health risk taking, recreational risk taking, consideration of immediate consequences, and consideration of future consequences. Health risk taking was negatively associated with mask wearing outside on a busy street but was not associated with mask wearing inside a store. Recreational risk taking was not associated with mask wearing either inside a store or outside on a busy street. Consideration of future consequences was significantly positively associated with mask wearing both inside a store and outside on a busy street. Consideration of immediate consequences was not associated with mask wearing either inside a store or outside on a busy street. Marketing about store safety requirements of mask wearing may turn certain customers away from shopping inside the store. Their personality may not be of future consequences orientation and no matter how much one attempts to educate or reason with them, these customers will be opposed to mask wearing. Managers then need to decide whether to potentially lose a customer by requiring the customer to wear a mask to shop inside the store.

Social media promotion, risk perception, and parental support for adolescent girls’ HPV vaccination: Taking consideration of future consequences and sexual attitudes as moderators

HPV vaccine hesitancy in Asia is unique compared to western countries. Concerning whether social media promotion about HPV vaccine will be related with parental support for Chinese adolescent girls, we investigated the correlation among social media promotion, risk perception of HPV vaccine and parental support. Through the theoretical lens of Health Action Process Approach model (HAPA), we found that social media promotion could reduce the risk perception of HPV vaccine and promoted parental supportive decision, and risk perception played a mediation role between social media information exposure to vaccine and parental support. Consideration of future consequences has been found to play a moderating role between social media promotion and risk perception, and parents’ sexual attitudes moderated the effect of social media promotion on parental support. Implications of the findings are discussed.

A Time to Get Vaccinated? The Role of Time Perspective, Consideration of Future Consequences, Conspiracy Beliefs, Religious Faith, Gender, and Race on Intention to Vaccinate for COVID-19 in the United States.

The present study examined the predictability of Time Perspective (TP) tendencies (i.e., Past Positive, Past Negative, Present Hedonistic, Present Fatalistic, and Future), the Balanced Time Perspective (BTP) profile, the Consideration of Future Consequences-Immediate (CFC-I) factor, the Consideration of Future Consequences-Future (CFC-F) factor, conspiracy beliefs about COVID-19 being a hoax, religious faith, gender, and race on COVID-19 vaccination intention as a dependent variable. Participants were recruited in the United States through the online platforms Prolific and Google Forms. The final sample was n = 232 (n = 99 male, n = 129 female, and n = 2 other, Mage = 31). Outcome measures included sociodemographic questions, the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory-short version, the Consideration of Future Consequences (CFC) ultra-short scale, the COVID-19 Conspiracy Beliefs questionnaire, and the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire-brief version. Regression analyses revealed that vaccination intention was reduced by gender identification as woman, identification as multiracial or from mixed origin, Past Positive, Deviation from a BTP profile, belief in COVID-19 as hoax, and religious faith. Conversely, intention to vaccinate against COVID-19 was increased by Past Negative, CFC-I, and CFC-F. These findings could be beneficial for knowledge transfer to behavioral interventions aimed to promote vaccination against COVID-19, health promotion campaigns, and the public health field.

Using an integrated model of the theory of planned behavior and the temporal self-regulation theory to explain physical activity in patients with coronary heart disease.

This study aimed to explore the psychosocial determinants of the physical activity (PA) levels in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) using an integrated theoretical model based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the temporal self-regulation theory (TST). This was a prospective study conducted at the Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China. A total of 279 patients with CHD [176 men aged 26-89 years, mean (M) = 64.69, standard deviation (SD) = 13.17] were selected under the study inclusion criteria by convenience sampling. The data on attitude, subjective norm (SN), perceived behavioral control (PBC), and intention variables for the TPB model and consideration of future consequences (CFC), habit, and self-control (SC) variables for the TST model were collected 1-2 days before the discharge (Time 1, T1) of the participants, and a telephone follow-up was made to assess the participants' self-reported PA levels 1 week after their discharge (Time 2, T2). The results revealed that only 39.8% of the patients with CHD met the guidelines' recommendations on PA. The data analyses using structural equation modeling (SEM) in the Mplus 8.3 modeling program showed that, in the simple mediation model, attitude, PBC, and CFC were positively related to the intention to practice guideline-recommended levels of PA but SN was not. In addition, intention was shown to mediate the relationships between attitude, PBC, CFC, and PA levels. Furthermore, based on the moderated mediating model, intention and habit were shown to be positively associated with PA levels but SC was not. Moreover, SC played a significant moderating role between intention and PA levels. However, habit strength did not moderate the relationship between intention and PA levels. An integration of the TPB and TST models offers a good theoretical tool for understanding PA levels in patients with CHD.

The effects of consideration of future consequences and CSR fit in stigmatized industries: Perceived CSR motives as mediators

This study explored the effects of fit between corporations and their corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives in stigmatized industries. Specifically, it examined how these effects vary depending on stakeholders’ consideration of future consequences (CFC) in influencing individuals’ attitudes toward CSR and corporations and purchase intentions; further, it explored whether such interaction effects are mediated by three underlying perceived motives. The study involved a between-subjects experiment with 144 college students. The results showed that high-CFC individuals perceived corporations with strong fit to their CSR initiatives as more stakeholder- and self-serving. The interaction effect also was mediated by stakeholder-serving motives in influencing purchase intentions and by self-serving motives in influencing CSR and corporation-related attitudes.

The Individual Time Span Scales (ITSS): Introducing a self-report questionnaire to measure individual differences in the perception of time as duration

Occasionally, time seems to stand still. At other times, it seems to fly. To what extent do relatively stable individual differences in the perception of time as duration exist? Individual temporal orientation has been studied extensively for time perspective and chronotype, but insufficiently for individual time span orientation. Yet, there are individual differences in the sampling rate at which the environment is monitored whilst neuronal systems specifically sensitive to motion, speed and duration perception exist (Hagendorf et al., 2011). To contribute to a better understanding of individual temporal orientation, a multi-study project (n = 2.176) was conducted to develop and validate a self-report questionnaire measuring individual time span orientation: the Individual Time Span Scales (ITSS). Structural validity was assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses suggesting two specific factors of slow and fast time span orientation as components of the global factor individual time span orientation. Convergent and discriminant validity were examined by comparison with personality factors, time perspective, and considerations of future consequences. Individual time span orientation was correlated with future time perspective and the consideration of future consequences: More future-oriented individuals tended to perceive time as running fast. Less future-oriented individuals tended to perceive time as moving slow.

Individual and Collective Actions Against Climate Change Among Chinese Adults: The Effects of Risk, Efficacy, and Consideration of Future Consequences

In this study, we tested the core premise of the risk perception attitude framework—that perceived risk and perceived efficacy jointly affect intention—and identified consideration of future consequences (CFC) as a boundary condition of the premise in the context of mitigating climate change. Our two-wave survey ( N = 439) revealed that perceived individual-level efficacy predicted intention to perform individual behavior, whereas perceived societal-level risk predicted intention to engage in collective action. For individuals with low CFC, perceived risk and perceived efficacy’s joint effect was positively associated with intention to engage in individual behavior and collective action against climate change.

Impulsive Decision Reduction Training for Youth With a Patterned History of Making Risky and Impulsive Decisions: A Case Report

Impulsive, risky decision-making has been associated with harmful behaviors and negative outcomes across the lifespan. Targeting maladaptive decision-making during adolescence could prevent adverse consequences in adulthood. However, few interventions directly address decision-making biases and promote adaptive decision-making skills in youth. Impulsive Decision Reduction Training for Youth (IDRT-Y) was developed to address this need by adapting an existing adult intervention. IDRT-Y is an 8-session, manualized cognitive behavioral therapy approach in which youth learn to change their maladaptive decision-making habits, increase their future orientation when making decisions, and learn more adaptive decision-making strategies to reduce risky, impulsive decisions. This article describes IDRT-Y and its application by presenting a case study of a 16-year-old boy with a history of impulsive and risky decision-making patterns who was treated with IDRT-Y. Pretreatment, posttreatment, and 24-week follow-up assessments were conducted. Both the youth and parent reported high satisfaction with IDRT-Y. The youth demonstrated reductions in impulsivity, substance use, internalizing and externalizing symptoms, and improvement in his consideration of future consequences when making decisions. The case study illustrates how IDRT-Y is delivered and shows IDRT-Y was an acceptable and effective intervention for addressing risky, impulsive decision-making in this adolescent. We discuss the implications of these findings and future directions to study the acceptability and effectiveness of IDRT-Y in larger youth samples.

The Relationship Between Future Perception Tendency and Sustainable Consumption Behaviors

As a result of studies examining individual differences in temporal perception and the relationship of these differences with sustainable behavior, it has been observed that long-term perception predicts participation in pro-environmental attitudes and sustainable consumption behaviors. In this study, the relationship between the differences in future perceptions and sustainable consumption behaviors was examined in terms of individuals residing in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). In order to test this relationship, “Sustainable Consumption Behaviors” scale and CFC (Consideration of Future Consequences) scale were used. Since the normality assumption of the data could not be achieved, it was decided to use nonparametric tests. As a result of the analysis of the data, collected from 319 participants who were accessed online, it was found a statistically significant but a weak relationship between "Perception Tendency of the Future" and "Sustainable Consumption Behaviors". While no statistically significant relationship was found between the "Short-Term Thinking Tendency" subscale and "Sustainable Consumption Behaviors", it was found that the "Long-Term Thinking Tendency" subscale had a statistically significant relationship with "Sustainable Consumption Behaviors". In line with this finding, it was determined that those who tend to think long-term do their consumption behavior by taking sustainability into account compared to the group who thinks short-term. In addition, it has been determined that there is a noticeable difference between those who do sports and those who never do, and in this context, those who do sports differ significantly in terms of environmental awareness, unnecessary purchasing and sustainable consumption behaviors compared to those who do not do sports. It has been determined that the importance given to healthy eating is significantly related to long-term thinking, similarly, as the importance given to healthy nutrition increases, consumption becomes more environmentally friendly, and as the importance given to healthy nutrition decreases, consumption behavior that takes into account sustainability is abandoned.

My future-self has (not) quit smoking: An experimental study into the effect of a future-self intervention on smoking-related self-identity constructs

ObjectivesEnvisioning one's (non)smoking future may make (un)desired future identities more accessible, salient, and personally relevant and facilitate smoking cessation. The current study assessed whether a future-self intervention can weaken smoker self-identity and expected identity loss when quitting smoking, and strengthen quitter- and nonsmoker self-identity, while accounting for personal factors—socioeconomic position, nicotine dependence, consideration of future consequences, and clarity of the envisioned future-self. Additionally, it examined the association between smoking-related identity and quitting intention and behavior. MethodsThis longitudinal online experimental study randomized 233 adult smokers to an intervention condition (where they completed mental imagery, visual, and verbal tasks about a future (non)smoking self), or to a passive control condition. Smoker-, quitter-, nonsmoker self-identity and identity loss were measured post-intervention and after one- and three-months. Quit intention and attempts were measured at baseline and after one month. ResultsThere was a consistent increase in non-smoker self-identity, and decrease in smoker self-identity and identity loss over a period of six months for all participants, but no significant difference in smoking-related identity between the intervention and control group. While personal factors did not moderate the effect of the intervention, we found that smoking-related identity constructs do vary with nicotine dependence, consideration of future consequences, and clarity of the envisioned future-self. Quitting behavior is primarily associated with non-smoker self-identity. ConclusionsAlthough the future-self intervention did not significantly influence smoking-related identity or behavior, identity—in particular, non-smoker self-identity—is important to consider in smoking cessation interventions. More research is needed to find effective operationalizations for identity-based interventions in the context of smoking.

Effect of scarcity experience on unethical behavior: The mediating role of consideration of future consequences.

Scarcity experience occurs when people feel they have less than they need. Previous research indicates that scarcity experience affects individuals' cognitive function, social behavior, and decision-making process. However, it remains unclear whether and how experienced scarcity influences unethical behavior. This paper reports three studies testing the potential relationship and mediational mechanisms. Study 1 assesses the associations between general scarcity experience, desire for money, consideration of future consequences, and unethical behavior. Studies 2 and 3 then manipulate scarcity experience (versus abundant experience and a neutral control condition) through paradigms of recalling (Study 2) and imagining (Study 3), and test the effect on self-reported unethical behavior (Study 2) and actual unethical conduct (Study 3), as well as the mediating effects of desire for money and consideration of future consequences. The results show that individuals experiencing scarcity were more likely to behave unethically, regardless of gender, age, or socioeconomic status. However, consideration of future consequences mediated the effect of scarcity experience on unethical behavior only in Study 1. Further research is needed to uncover the underlying mechanism through which scarcity evokes unethical behavior.