Consideration Of Future Consequences Research Articles

Positive career shocks and career optimism: testing the mediating role of career decision-making self-efficacy

PurposeThis study examines the relationship of positive career shocks and career optimism. The mediating role of career decision-making self-efficacy (CDSE) between positive career shocks and career optimism and the moderating role of consideration of future consequences – immediate (CFC-I) between CDSE and career optimism are checked.Design/methodology/approachThrough cluster sampling, cross-sectional data from 192 professionals of electronic media industry were collected via an electronically administered questionnaire. For preliminary descriptive data analysis, SPSS version 21 was used. SmartPLS version 3.0 was used for testing the proposed hypotheses.FindingsThe results showed that positive career shocks have a relationship with career optimism via CDSE. Also, CFC-I moderated the relationship of CDSE and career optimism such that the relationship of CDSE and career optimism was stronger at higher level of CFC-I.Practical implicationsThe study provides implications for the career consultants, human resource professionals and senior management of organizations. All these stakeholders can strive to build an inventory of positive career shocks. Also, shifting to a surprised business model of announcing compensations and promotions is another area to work on. The results of this study further suggest disengaging the fresh potential employees in the initial processes of recruitment. Interdepartmental coordination of health and safety department and human resource management department is also a very important implication for this study to highlight the positive aspects of being optimistic.Originality/valueThe study is among the few empirical studies which investigates the relationship between positive career shocks and career optimism via CDSE. Also, in light of the latest call of various empirical works in the domain, this study adds a moderating variable, i.e. CFC-I in predicting career optimism. Furthermore, contrary to the conventional approach of applying students' data on career models, this study tests the proposed career model on data collected from professionals.

A matter of time… consideration of future consequences and temporal distance contribute to the ideology gap in climate change scepticism

Factors that contribute to the well-established ideology gap in climate change beliefs (i.e., conservatives’ scepticism about climate change and its severity) remain underexplored. In the present research, we propose that there are differences in the consideration of future consequences, as well as the perception of climate change in time, between conservatives and liberals which, in part, contribute to this gap. Across three studies (total N = 654) in the Netherlands and the UK, we demonstrate that, compared to liberals, conservatives tend to consider future consequences of their behaviour less and perceive the effects of climate change as further away in the future. Furthermore, we find that temporal distance to climate change, and, to a lesser extent, consideration of future consequences, can partially account for higher levels of scepticism about climate change on the conservative side of the ideological spectrum. Besides contributing to a better understanding of this ideology bias, these results have implications for climate change communication.

The Influence of Consideration of Future Consequences and Self-Control on Sensation Seeking among Alcohol Drinker in Medan

Alcohol is one of the addictive substances that has impact on the physical, psychoneurological, and social. Alcohol also becomes a trend and being lifestyle for many reasons. There are several factors who consume alcohol and could be motivated by sensation seeking. Sensation seeking is related with consideration of future consequences (CFC) and self-control in alcohol consumption. This study aims to determine the effect of CFC and self-control on sensation seeking in alcohol consumption. This study used accidental sampling technique and involved 221 individuals who consume alcohol in early adults (18-40 years) who consumed alcohol in last three months. The measuring tools used three scales, there are sensation seeking scale, CFC scale, and the self-control scale. The analysis technique is multiple regression analysis. The results showed that (1) CFC had a significant impact on sensation seeking, (2) self-control had no significant impact on sensation seeking, (3) CFC and self-control had an effect on sensation seeking in alcohol consumers in Medan. The implication of this study is CFC and self-control there are factors that influence sensation seeking, although self-control independently does not have a significant impact on sensation seeking in consuming alcohol in Medan.

The impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) priming on consumers’ consumption and lifestyle choices with intertemporal tradeoffs

PurposeThis paper aims to study the unexplored possibility that priming firms’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) activity in consumers’ minds may impact consumers’ preference for non-firm related consumption and lifestyle choice options with intertemporal trade-offs.Design/methodology/approachAcross four experimental studies, the authors looked at the impact of CSR priming on the preference of participants for later larger versus sooner smaller money (Study 1), saving versus spending (Study 2) and healthy versus unhealthy food choices (Studies 3 and 4). These choice options were not related to the focal firm that practiced CSR. The authors measured the changes in participants’ consideration of future consequences (CFC) as a potential mediator for the results.FindingsThe participants in the CSR condition showed a higher CFC and a higher preference for the options with long-term benefits and immediate costs over the ones with long-term costs and immediate benefits, i.e. later larger over sooner smaller money, saving over spending and healthy over unhealthy food. The authors documented a mediation role for CFC.Research limitations/implicationsAll the participants in the studies were from the USA. Looking at the cultural differences can enrich the understanding of the impact of CSR on preference for the options with intertemporal trade-offs. Furthermore, this paper builds its theoretical justification based on the assumption of individuals’ acceptance of CSR activities. Nevertheless, consumers may have skepticism about these activities. Future studies may investigate the effect of CSR skepticism of individuals on the proposed effects. Additionally, investigating the moderating roles of individuals’ characteristics like their prosocial concern or their knowledge about choice options might be an avenue for future research.Practical implicationsThe findings highlight the benefits of CSR priming on consumers’ welfare and normative behavior. Firms may use the findings to understand and manage the impact of other firms’ CSR communications on the evaluation of their own products.Originality/valueThis research is the first to highlight the impact of CSR priming on consumers’ non-firm-related consumption and lifestyle choices with intertemporal trade-offs. The results showed the positive effect of priming firms’ CSR activities on consumers’ CFC and the mediating role of CFC.

Self-Control, Consideration of Future Consequences, and Internet Addiction among Chinese Adolescents: The Moderating Effect of Deviant Peer Affiliation.

Although a large number of studies have indicated that self-control was an important predictive factor for adolescent internet addiction, the moderating and mediating mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. To address this research gap, the present study, according to social learning theory and the organism–environment interaction theory, tested whether consideration of future consequences mediated the relation between self-control and adolescent internet addiction and whether deviant peer affiliation moderated the relationship between consideration of future consequences and internet addiction. Using longitudinal tracking (two-time points and the interval is 6 months). Three middle schools in Guangzhou were randomly selected. The participants were 1182 students ranging in age from 12 to 15 years (average age: 14.16, SD = 1.29) from three middle schools in Guangzhou (651 boys and 531 girls) in Guangdong Province. Results showed that consideration of future consequences mediated the relationship between self-control and internet addiction. Furthermore, the relationship between future consequence consideration and internet addiction was moderated by deviant peer affiliation. These findings highlighted the potential mediating role of consideration of future consequences in linking self-control to adolescent internet addiction. We also found high deviant peer affiliation weakens the protective effect of future consequence consideration on Internet addiction. This study may provide support for adolescent Internet addiction prevention and have some educational implications.

Framing Waste Classification among Chinese Young People: The Moderating Effect of Consideration of Future Consequences

ABSTRACT This study investigated the influence of two outcome framings – gain-loss framing and individual-societal framing – and an individual difference – consideration of future consequences (i.e. CFC) – on intentions to participate in waste classification and the likelihood of engaging in activities that promote waste classification. The results of an experiment (N = 215) conducted among college students in China demonstrated that individual framing was more effective than societal framing in promoting intentions to participate in waste classification, while there was no relative advantage of gain or loss framing. Furthermore, the effect of individual-societal framing was moderated by CFC. Implications of the findings were also discussed.

Why Committed Employees May or May Not Engage in UPB: The Central Role of Future Time Perspective

Taking the future time perspective, we proposed and tested a theoretical model of organizational commitment and unethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB) in which affective (organizational) commitment and continuance (organizational) commitment induces different considerations of future consequences, which in turn influence unethical pro-organizational behavior. Based on analyses of one time-lagged field study and one vignette-based experimental study, we found that affective commitment is positively related to consideration of long-term future consequences but continuance commitment is positively related to consideration of short-term immediate consequences. Furthermore, we found a negative indirect relationship between affective commitment and UPB via the mediation of consideration of long-term consequences but a positive indirect relationship between continuance commitment and UPB via the mediation of consideration of short-term consequences. The paper concludes with discussions of theoretical and practical implications.

Positive framing when assessing the personal resources to manage one's finances increases consumers' retirement self‐efficacy and improves retirement goal clarity

AbstractPeople are increasingly expected to take an active role in preparing for a financially secure future, and thus face added personal financial responsibility. Unfortunately, many consumers lack the perceived ability to engage effectively in retirement planning (i.e., retirement self‐efficacy) and accordingly fail to envision their financial future and set appropriate goals. However, little is known about how to improve consumers' retirement self‐efficacy and when and why potential policy interventions will be more or less effective. In the current paper, we address this shortcoming of prior literature. Through a series of experiments, we show that when consumers assess personal resources to achieve a financially secure future, positive framing focusing on strengths instead of weaknesses is associated with higher retirement self‐efficacy through an increased internal locus of control. Higher self‐efficacy, in turn, leads to improved retirement goal clarity, with the improvement being more pronounced for individuals having a lower consideration of future consequences. In a follow‐up study three months after the initial experimental intervention, we find that retirement goal clarity is positively associated with consumers' level of actual retirement planning activity. Finally, we replicate our findings using an advertisement as an alternative, marketing‐relevant, manipulation.

Consideration of future consequences and predictability: Examining six health behaviors with different levels of perceived severity

ABSTRACT Research has shown that consideration of future consequences can successfully predict different health behaviors. Prior studies, however, have yielded inconsistent findings. This study aimed to address these inconsistencies by examining the associations between consideration of future consequences and different health behaviors involving different levels of severity. The main study sample consisted of 385 college students. Using a paper-and-pencil survey, a cross-sectional study was conducted. The survey addressed six behaviors under three health topics including vaccination (flu vaccination, HPV vaccination), smoking (smoking, signing for a smoke-free campus policy), and energy drink consumption (energy drink consumption, energy drink consumption mixed with alcohol). Behavioral status and consideration of future consequences were measured. Consideration of future consequences predicted health behaviors involving greater severity whereas it failed to predict health behaviors involving relatively less severity. This study found that the ability of consideration of future consequences to predict different health behaviors depends on the perceived severity associated with the behaviors.

Implicit theories of health, consideration of future consequences, and engagement in health protective behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic in China.

This research investigated how implicit theories of health and consideration of future consequences influence people's engagement in health-protective behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Three hundred and ninety Chinese completed the study during the peak period of COVID-19 pandemic in China. Gender, education level, implicit theories of health, and consideration of future consequences were significant predictors of people's engagement in health-protective behaviors. Consideration of future consequences mediated the effect of implicit (incremental) theories of health on people's engagement in health-protective behaviors. Implications of the current research for promoting engagement in health-protective behaviors during pandemics of infectious diseases and directions for future research are discussed.

Not all boomers: temporal orientation explains inter- and intra-cultural variability in the link between age and climate engagement

Some previous work suggests that older adults, relative to younger adults and teenagers, are less engaged with climate change; yet, this pattern is not consistently found across all countries or populations. Here, we consider whether temporal orientation might act as a boundary condition for age effects on climate change engagement. We assess whether cultural (study 1) and inter-individual (study 2) differences in temporal orientation moderate the tendency for older adults to be less engaged with climate change than younger adults. Study 1 (N = 44,387) reveals that among European countries, countries with a greater long-term orientation tend to show a weaker (i.e., less negative) relationship between age and the salience of climate change (i.e., cognitive engagement with the topic). Study 2 (N = 798) demonstrates that in the USA, the negative relationship between age and climate action intentions becomes smaller in magnitude (i.e., less negative) among those higher in consideration of future consequences, but increases in those higher in consideration of immediate consequences. These findings support the notion that it is a confluence of age and present orientation (and low future orientation) that that drives age-related declines in climate engagement.

Environmental Concerns and the Role Played by Civic Moral Disengagement and Time Perspective: a Pilot Experimental Study

In the present exploratory study, our primary aim was to explore whether knowledge about the fast-fashion industry's harmful effects would significantly impact participants' shopping intentions (i.e., eco or fast-fashion items products). Using an experimental approach, we created a virtual clothing shop and allowed participants to win, through a raffle, the contents of their shopping carts. Participants in the experimental group watched a video about the adverse environmental consequences of the fast-fashion industry. In contrast, in the control group, we used a neutral video describing various technical marketing strategies. In the experimental condition, participants chose more eco-friendly products) compared to the control. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of fast-fashion consumption behaviors, i.e., the choices of buying fast-fashion items. We also found several significant associations between participants' general concern for the environment, consideration of future consequences, civic moral disengagement, and consumption behaviors (buying eco or fast-fashion items following the experimental procedure). Results are discussed concerning their practical implications for sustainable citizenship participation and sustainable education.

A grateful eye towards the future? Dispositional gratitude relates to consideration of future consequences

Although individual differences in dispositional gratitude have been shown to relate with both personal well-being and intergenerational beneficence, no work has yet examined whether trait gratitude is correlated with consideration of future consequences for one's self. Across six studies (total N = 2758) we find robust evidence for a significant and positive correlation between dispositional gratitude and consideration of future consequences (CFC): r = 0.33, SE = 0.02, Z = 16.82, p < .001, 95% CI [0.30, 0.37]. Further, we show that related dispositional factors, including feelings of indebtedness and valuing fairness, do not show a similar relationship with CFC. The association between gratitude and CFC also remains significant when controlling for core personality traits. These initial findings highlight that gratitude may be a novel leverage point for increasing individuals' consideration of self-relevant long-term outcomes; in turn, this relationship may prove useful in promoting individual and community well-being in the future.

Mindfulness, self-compassion, resiliency and wellbeing in higher education: a recipe to increase academic performance

ABSTRACT Universities are facing a difficult challenge in supporting good mental health whilst striving to enhance academic performance. The present study aimed to specifically investigate the relationship between attitudinal and personality constructs that are associated with wellbeing and to explore their association with student academic outcomes. Two-hundred and six undergraduate students were recruited and were given questionnaires measuring mindfulness, self-compassion, resiliency, procrastination, consideration of future consequences, self-criticism and social comparison. At the end of the academic year, the researchers accessed their academic records and documented their academic performance. Results indicated that there are strong, clear associations between better academic performance and higher resiliency, mindfulness, self-compassion and consideration of future consequences, and negative associations to procrastination. We concluded that there is a clear gain to be had in academic performance through enhancing these elements using appropriate interventions which are user friendly, affordable and can be embedded into existing student learning and support to reinforce adaptive coping and life skills.

Which consumers are more likely to adopt a retirement app and how does it explain mobile technology‐enabled retirement engagement?

AbstractAlthough planning for retirement is fundamental for consumers’ future well‐being, individuals often fail to engage with it. Retirement engagement refers to one's initial interest in and active planning for one's retirement. In this study, we focus on mobile technology‐enabled retirement engagement, operationalized as consumers’ perception of how a retirement app can help them plan for retirement. While rapid advances in digital platforms and mobile technology show promising use to the financial services sector, little is known about the adoption drivers of mobile technology in stimulating retirement engagement as a unique low‐involvement, yet high‐importance context. We address this gap in the existing literature by analyzing survey data from a representative sample of 440 Australian pension fund members. We find that consumers’ financial self‐efficacy, perceived financial security, consideration of future consequences, retirement planning involvement, and perceived usefulness have direct effects on their anticipated engagement with a mobile retirement app as well as indirect effects through their intention to adopt the app (financial self‐efficacy and consideration of future consequences only have direct effects). We also find that mobile computing self‐efficacy, prior finance app use, and perceived ease of use only have indirect effects through consumers’ intention to adopt the app. Notably, the association between adoption intentions and anticipated engagement is stronger for those closer to retirement.

COVID-19 pandemic response behaviors: a Singapore experience of the "circuit breaker".

Preventive health behaviors such as hand hygiene are crucial amidst pandemics like COVID-19 but reports on nonadherence persist. This could be due to the lack of Consideration of Future Consequences (CFC), a cognitive-motivational construct known to improve health-related behaviors. Therefore, we examined the relationship between CFC and five behaviors—mask-wearing, social distancing, hand hygiene, excessive necessities buying, and COVID-19 information searching using an internet-based Singapore-wide survey conducted from April 20 to May 4, 2020. Behavioral differences 2 weeks before and after the state-wide confinement were examined using paired t-tests. Relationships between CFC and COVID-19 behaviors were examined using regression analyses adjusted for depression and anxiety. Participants were regrouped into three categories—increased behavior performance, maintained high performance, and maintained low performance where mean differences were analysed using MANOVA. Three hundred and thirty-six participants completed the survey (mean age, SD = 32.9 years [SD = 12.6]; 38.7% males). CFCfuture predicted mask wearing (B = 0.16; p < .05), social distancing (B = 0.0.19; p < .01), hand hygiene (B = 0.17; p < .01), and information searching (B = 0.21; p < .001). CFCimmediate predicted hand hygiene (B = 0.09; p < .05), excessive necessities buying (B = 0.07; p < .05) and information searching (B = 0.08; p < .05). Anxiety predicted excessive buying (B = 0.08; p < .05) and hand hygiene (B = 0.13; p < .01). Post-hoc test showed significantly higher CFCfuture (p < .01) in participants who increased and maintained high behavioral performance.

Impact of Environmental, Social Values and the Consideration of Future Consequences for the Development of a Sustainable Entrepreneurial Intention

Sustainable entrepreneurship focuses on finding ways to monetize future products, nature conservation, life support, and communities. Therefore, the intention has been identified as one of the key drivers to perceive business opportunities and ultimately leverage them, which increases interest in investigating it, especially from a sustainability perspective. The purpose of this study was to investigate the intention of sustainable entrepreneurship through a modified version of the theory of planned behavior based on survey data of 520 university students studying in Punjab, Pakistan and using structural equation modeling for quantitative analysis. The study sought to incorporate three additional constructs (environmental values, social values, and consideration of future consequences) to explain the relationship between the antecedents of sustainable entrepreneurial intention. This study shows that sustainable entrepreneurship, social norms, attitudes, and perceived behavioral control praise students’ sustainable intentions. Environmental values, intrinsic and extrinsic rewards, and consideration of future consequences (CFC-F and CFC-I) indirectly influence sustainable entrepreneurial intentions. The study also highlights the contradictory roles of CFC-I in reversing the pursuit of sustainable entrepreneurship. Indeed, the finding proposed that educational and other practitioners can improve attitudes and behaviors by promoting sustainable entrepreneurship through value creation and forward-looking activation strategies.

Consideration of future consequences and decision-making patterns as determinants of conflict management styles

This research examines the influence of temporal considerations on preferences for different conflict management styles. It also explores the mediating effect of different decision-making patterns in determining these styles. This research proposes that the extent to which individuals consider future consequences of their current activities significantly influences their decision-making patterns and consequently, their preference for different conflict management styles which could be cooperative or competitive in nature. Specifically, this research found strong support for high consideration of future consequences (CFC) leading to a reduced preference for competitive behaviour, and weak support for high CFC leading to increased preference for cooperative behaviour.

Impact of Self-Affirmation on Responses to Health Warning Messages: Does Consideration of Future Consequences Matter?

ABSTRACT Self-affirmation theory has inspired numerous studies that have tried to understand the effects of self-affirmation on defensive processing of threatening health messages and subsequent behavior. Despite the overall positive effects of self-affirmation, psychological processes through which self-affirmation exerts such impact remain unclear. We examined Consideration of Future Consequences (CFC) as a potential moderator of the effects of self-affirmation on responses to graphic cigarette warning warnings, in an attempt to shed light on the psychological processes. We conducted an experimental study in which 925 African American smokers were instructed to self-affirm (or not) prior to viewing graphic cigarette warning labels. We found that smokers with stronger present time orientation (PTO) experienced higher defensive responses as measured by anger, perceived message manipulation, and message derogation, after viewing graphic cigarette warning labels; whereas smokers with stronger future time orientation (FTO) reported less message derogation. PTO interacted with self-affirmation in predicting defensive processing measures, such that self-affirmation reduced message derogation at lower levels of PTO and increased message derogation and perceived message manipulation at higher levels of PTO. Self-affirmation also had a conditional indirect effect on smoking intentions and intention to quit smoking through measures of defensive processing. We discuss implications of our study.

Domain-specific consideration of future consequences and early alcohol use: a bivariate and person-centered analysis

Research into temporal psychology, and in particular its relationship with health behaviors, has grown exponentially in recent years. Accordingly, studies have shown that how individuals think and feel about the past, present, and future, is significantly related to alcohol-use behaviors. This has been shown to be particularly true where studies have applied person-centered analyses rather than just bivariate analyses. The present study sought to examine the relationship between scores on one temporal psychology measure (The Domain-Specific Consideration of Future Consequences [CFC] scale) and alcohol use behaviors in a large sample of adolescents in the United Kingdom (N = 2,199; 42.4% female). Scores on the CFC measure were operationalized both domain-specifically, and by means of cluster analyses. In bivariate analyses, reduced likelihood of past month consumption of a full drink and Heavy Episodic Drinking were significantly associated with CFC-scores, but did not appear to be domain-specific. In unadjusted analyses, CFC cluster membership was significantly related to alcohol use variables. However, when adjusted for sex, location, and sensation seeking, the result for Heavy Episodic Drinking became non-significant. Results are discussed in the context of current temporal psychology.