Consideration Of Future Consequences Research Articles

Bridging consumer behavior and green marketing in Czech retail chains: Applying insights from Davari & Strutton research

Presented article takes a study done by researchers Davari & Strutton in the US in 2014 and replicated the same approach and methodology in evaluating how green marketing mix elements (product, price, promotion, place) influence brand associations, grand loyalty, perceived brand quality, and brand trust, in the context of retail chain stores in Czechia. The reason for this is the fact that the issue of reconciling pro-environmental beliefs of consumers with their real behavior is still topical. Businesses need to be careful with their green claims and focus on authentic green marketing in order to attract and retain the trust of environmentally conscious consumers in the long term. The research employs quantitative data analysis, drawing data from the survey, which was run online for five weeks and collected 4700 responses. The respondents are people who live in Czechia and have shopped in one of five stores at least during the last month. The reason for focusing on the Czechia is primarily the fact that green marketing is basically only on the rise here, while greenwashing still remains a significant problem. Six hypothesis were formulated, and linear regression analysis was used to test them. Key findings of the research revealed that green products and promotions positively influence brand associations and perceived brand quality, while green promotions significantly enhance brand loyalty and trust. Additionally, there was observed influence of consumers´ environmental concerns and consideration of future consequences significantly moderating the relationship between green marketing and brand equity. The findings provide insight for businesses to integrate green marketing strategies to increase brand trust, loyalty, and perceived quality while environmentally conscious consumers.

A future beyond ourselves: Self-oriented prospection predicts increased intergenerational responsibility

Do differences in how people think about their own futures predict responsibility for the collective future welfare of humanity? Across a reanalysis of existing data, four primary studies, six supplemental studies, and an internal meta-analysis (NTotal = 11,261 US participants), we investigate how individual differences in self-oriented prospection relate to intergenerational responsibility, elucidating theoretical and practical implications for the psychologies of future-thinking and intergenerational ethics alike. We consistently observe an association between Future Self-Continuity (FSC; variation in the amount of perceived overlap between people's present and future self-concept) and Consideration of Future Consequences (CFC; individual differences in tendencies to consider how present actions impact one's own future life outcomes) with increased feelings of responsibility for, perceived efficacy to impact, and identification with future generations. Drawing upon insights from behavioral economics, Construal Level Theory, and research on moral expansiveness, our results begin to reconcile the literatures studying the adaptive functions of self-oriented prospection with disparate lines of inquiry into the individual differences that mitigate tendencies to prioritize present over future generations. Moreover, the present findings open new avenues for further research to explore potential practical benefits of self-oriented prospection for bolstering efforts to improve long-term collective welfare.

How do dual sustainable-labeling strategies enhance products’ perceived value?

PurposeThis paper aims to understand how dual sustainable-labeling strategies influence perceived value dimensions (i.e. quality, emotional, social and price) across vice vs virtue products and level of consumers’ consideration of future consequences.Design/methodology/approachTwo online experiments are conducted with private label brands: one with organic and Fairtrade labels and one with organic and local labels. For each experiment, a conditional process analysis was used with the labeling strategy (i.e. no label vs organic label vs Fairtrade/local label vs organic label + Fairtrade/local label) as the independent variable, the product types (i.e. vice vs virtue) and level of consideration of future consequences as moderators, the dimensions of perceived value (quality, emotional, social and price) as the dependent variables.FindingsDual sustainable-labeling strategies lead to higher positive perceived value levels on all dimensions compared to no-labeling strategy. They however do not necessarily lead to higher levels compared to mono-labeling strategies such as organic labeling strategy (except for social dimension). Additionally, the positive effect of dual sustainable-labeling is lower for virtue products compared to vice products and is stronger for consumers with high level of consideration of future consequences for vice products for the social-value dimension.Originality/valuePrior research has focused on the effect of multi-labeling strategies on willingness to pay with mixed results. This study brings insights to literature by testing the impact of dual sustainable-labeling strategies on the dimensions of perceived value as well as the moderating effects of the product types and consideration of future consequences.

Morally injurious events and posttraumatic embitterment disorder in U.K. health and social care professionals during COVID-19: A longitudinal web survey.

To longitudinally estimate the prevalence and predictors of potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) and posttraumatic embitterment disorder (PTED) and in U.K. health and social care workers (HSCWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, to investigate the mechanism by which PMIEs increase embitterment by lowering personal belief in procedural justice, that is, the belief that they experience fair processes. An online longitudinal survey was hosted on Qualtrics between September-October 2020 and September-November 2021. Using Prolific, 400 HSCWs aged 18 or above and working in the United Kingdom during the pandemic were recruited. PMIEs were assessed using the Moral Injury Events Scale, and PTED was assessed using the PTED self-rating scale. Potential predictors were measured using surveys of exposure to occupational stressors, optimism, pessimism, self-esteem, resilient coping style, consideration of future consequences, and personal just world beliefs. Seventy-one percent of participants experienced at least one COVID-related PMIE and 20% displayed clinically relevant signs of PTED at Time 2 in 2021. Exposure to occupational stressors increased the risk of experiencing PMIEs and PTED, whereas personal belief in a procedurally just world protected against transgressions by others and betrayal PMIEs. Self-esteem was protective, and a resilient coping style was a risk for experiencing betrayal. PMIEs increased embitterment by lowering personal belief in procedural justice over a 12-month period. PMIEs and PTED are being experienced by U.K. HSCWs in 2020 and 2021, particularly in those exposed to work-related stressors. Exposure to PMIEs increases the risk of embitterment by lowering belief in procedural justice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Heading for the better future with my company: Work‐related prosocial intentions as a function of moral foundations and consideration of future consequences

AbstractIn the current study, we aimed to investigate whether moral foundations and consideration of future consequences are related to prosocial intentions at work (corporate volunteering intention and pro‐environmental behaviours and practices). Four hundred forty participants, employees from medium‐ and large‐sized organisations, participated in the study. The results showed that most of the assumptions were confirmed. Individualising moral foundations were positively linked to corporate volunteering intentions and pro‐environmental behaviours and practices. Binding moral foundations were positively related to corporate volunteering intentions and general pro‐environmental behaviours at work but negatively to pro‐environmental individual practices. Consideration of future consequences related positively to corporate volunteering intentions and pro‐environmental behaviours at work only when individualising moral foundations were high. This relationship was also observed when binding moral foundations were low or average. The present findings are of interest to employers, corporate psychologists, business executives, and educators raising awareness about social and environmental responsibility.

Time perspective and eating behaviour of young adults: how important is a healthy future compared to the present?

PurposePromoting healthy dietary habits is a concern for public health due to the association between unhealthy diets and nutrient-related diseases. This paper aims to examine the relationship between individuals’ temporal dietary behaviour and perceptions of the effect of dietary habits on physical health and how these perceptions influence two important aspects of eating behaviour, i.e. daily consumption of healthy food and self-reported extra payment for healthy food options.Design/methodology/approachCross-sectional data on 457 young Chinese adults within the age category of 18–30 years were collected through a survey. Two subscales (immediate and future) were obtained from the consideration-of-future-consequences (CFC)-12 scale through a factor analysis. A seemingly unrelated regression was estimated to determine whether CFC impacts behaviour through an awareness of the consequences of one’s dietary habits.FindingsIndividuals who are more focused on immediate gratification were more likely to perceive their current dietary habit have a negative effect on their physical health (p < 0.001). In contrast, those who prioritise the future benefits were less likely to perceive negative health effects from their dietary habits (p < 0.001). However, the perception of negative consequences of dietary habit on physical health did not motivate healthier eating daily (p < 0.001) nor allocating more money towards eating healthy (p < 0.001).Practical implicationsUnderstanding the relationship between time perspective and dietary habits could help identify potential risk factors for poor dietary choices and promote healthier eating habits.Originality/valueThe paper uses insights from behavioural economics to identify the behavioural triggers that lead to a healthier dietary habit.

The role of food-related consideration of future consequences, health and environmental concerns in explaining sustainable food (fish) attitudes

PurposeThis study explores the direct and indirect effects of two components of food-related consideration of future consequences (CFCs), including CFC-Immediate and CFC-Future, on sustainable food attitudes (SFA) via food-related health and environmental concerns.Design/methodology/approachPartial least squares structural equation modeling technique was used on a data set of 664 Vietnamese consumers collected in Central Vietnam to evaluate measurement and structural models.FindingsCFC-Immediate and CFC-Future as well as health and environmental concerns have positive effects on SFA. Indirect effects of CFC-Immediate on SFA via health concerns and CFC-Future on SFA via health/environmental concerns are also discovered.Research limitations/implicationsFuture studies should examine the impact of environmental values on CFCs, forming a more comprehensive understanding regarding the relationship between the two variables, especially by including a wider range of sustainable food types to gain diverse knowledge about sustainable food consumption.Practical implicationsCommunicative messages should focus on both health and environmental concerns while emphasizing both immediate and more distant outcomes of sustainable food (fish) consumption for individuals with different dominant temporal orientations.Originality/valueThis study sheds light on the direct and hierarchical relationships among food-related CFCs, health and environmental concerns and SFA to better understand the intricate psychological process of sustainable food consumption.

Understanding Health Beliefs and Health Behaviors in Older Adults at Risk for Alzheimer's Disease.

There are significant public health benefits to delaying the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in individuals at risk. However, adherence to brain healthy behaviors is low. The Health Belief Model proposes that specific beliefs are mediators of behavior change. To characterize health belief measures from the Science of Behavior Change Research Network (SBCRN) in an older adult population and associations between health beliefs, AD risk, and current health behaviors. A total of 172 individuals from the Rhode Island AD Prevention Registry participated. SBCRN health belief measures included assessments of future time perspective, self-efficacy, deferment of gratification, and consideration of future consequences. Outcome measures included individual AD risk index score, dementia risk awareness, and lifestyle behaviors including physical, cognitive, and social activity. Participants who were older had higher scores for AD risk, lower future time perspective, and lower generalized self-efficacy (all at p < 0.001). Higher generalized self-efficacy was related to increased physical activity (p < 0.010). Higher future time perspective (p < 0.001) and generalized self-efficacy (p = 0.48) were associated with lower AD risk score. Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) was associated with lower self-efficacy, ability to delay gratification, and a less expansive future time perspective. Greater self-efficacy and perceived future time remaining were associated with lower AD risk and greater engagement in physical activity. SCD was associated with health beliefs that may negatively affect engagement in positive brain health behaviors. Assessment of and psychoeducation about these intrapersonal health belief constructs may be important targets for behavioral interventions to reduce AD risk.

Implicit theories of health predict HPV vaccination intention among young adult Chinese women: The mediating effect of consideration of future consequences and future self-continuity.

This study investigated the predicting effect of implicit theories of health on HPV vaccination intention among young adult Chinese women and its underlying mechanisms. Four-hundred and eighty-three young Chinese women adults (18-26 years old) participated this study by completing measures on implicit theories of health, consideration of future consequences, future self-continuity, and reported their HPV vaccination intention. The results demonstrated that age, whether they knew someone being diagnosed with cancer, implicit (incremental) theories of health, consideration of future consequences (CFC-Future), and future self-continuity significantly predicted young adult Chinese women's HPV vaccination intention. The predicting effect of implicit theories of health was mediated by consideration of future consequences and future self-continuity. Implications of the current research for promoting HPV vaccination among young adult women and directions for future research are discussed.

Effectiveness of an Artificial Intelligence-Assisted App for Improving Eating Behaviors: Mixed Methods Evaluation.

A plethora of weight management apps are available, but many individuals, especially those living with overweight and obesity, still struggle to achieve adequate weight loss. An emerging area in weight management is the support for one's self-regulation over momentary eating impulses. This study aims to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of a novel artificial intelligence-assisted weight management app in improving eating behaviors in a Southeast Asian cohort. A single-group pretest-posttest study was conducted. Participants completed the 1-week run-in period of a 12-week app-based weight management program called the Eating Trigger-Response Inhibition Program (eTRIP). This self-monitoring system was built upon 3 main components, namely, (1) chatbot-based check-ins on eating lapse triggers, (2) food-based computer vision image recognition (system built based on local food items), and (3) automated time-based nudges and meal stopwatch. At every mealtime, participants were prompted to take a picture of their food items, which were identified by a computer vision image recognition technology, thereby triggering a set of chatbot-initiated questions on eating triggers such as who the users were eating with. Paired 2-sided t tests were used to compare the differences in the psychobehavioral constructs before and after the 7-day program, including overeating habits, snacking habits, consideration of future consequences, self-regulation of eating behaviors, anxiety, depression, and physical activity. Qualitative feedback were analyzed by content analysis according to 4 steps, namely, decontextualization, recontextualization, categorization, and compilation. The mean age, self-reported BMI, and waist circumference of the participants were 31.25 (SD 9.98) years, 28.86 (SD 7.02) kg/m2, and 92.60 (SD 18.24) cm, respectively. There were significant improvements in all the 7 psychobehavioral constructs, except for anxiety. After adjusting for multiple comparisons, statistically significant improvements were found for overeating habits (mean -0.32, SD 1.16; P<.001), snacking habits (mean -0.22, SD 1.12; P<.002), self-regulation of eating behavior (mean 0.08, SD 0.49; P=.007), depression (mean -0.12, SD 0.74; P=.007), and physical activity (mean 1288.60, SD 3055.20 metabolic equivalent task-min/day; P<.001). Forty-one participants reported skipping at least 1 meal (ie, breakfast, lunch, or dinner), summing to 578 (67.1%) of the 862 meals skipped. Of the 230 participants, 80 (34.8%) provided textual feedback that indicated satisfactory user experience with eTRIP. Four themes emerged, namely, (1) becoming more mindful of self-monitoring, (2) personalized reminders with prompts and chatbot, (3) food logging with image recognition, and (4) engaging with a simple, easy, and appealing user interface. The attrition rate was 8.4% (21/251). eTRIP is a feasible and effective weight management program to be tested in a larger population for its effectiveness and sustainability as a personalized weight management program for people with overweight and obesity. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04833803; https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04833803.

Volunteering intentions during social crises: The role of considering the welfare of others and consequences of own behavior

In the current paper, we investigate how people with experience with volunteering in their lifetime intend to engage in hypothetical crisis volunteering in the future. We took into account two types of hypothetical social crises: a pandemic and a refugee crisis. We suggest that individual differences in considering the welfare of others (social value orientation) and consideration of future/immediate consequences play a role in the volunteer responses to crises. We also control for the willingness to volunteer in the proximal (a month) and distal (3 years) future, gender, age, and length of volunteer experience. We conducted two survey-based online studies in October 2023. We recruited N = 287 people for Study 1 (Poland) and N = 231 for Study 2 (Italy). Our results suggested that people who declare they want to remain volunteers intend to engage during social crises, but not necessarily in a proactive way. Furthermore, consideration of future consequences can result in proactivity, which was especially visible in the Italian sample. Consideration of immediate consequences can have twofold correlates – one might be the engagement in volunteering in case of a sudden emergency or refraining from the voluntary activity. These results can be used by people leading volunteer activities to predict what to expect from their volunteers and plan the volunteer recruitment and retention processes during crises.

Averting Depletion in a Two-Player Common Pool Resource Game: Being Seen, the Expectation of Future Encounters, and Biophilia Play a Role in Cooperation

AbstractUsing a two-player common pool resource game, we investigated the influence of multiple factors on cooperation: (1) probability of future rounds, (2) visibility of other participants, (3) biophilia, (4) future discounting, and (5) life history. In each round, participants simultaneously and independently (without conferring) decided how much of the common pool to consume. Participants (n = 116) were informed that the shared resource would be fully replenished in the next round—but only if—both players together consumed ≤ 50% of the common pool in the current round. Additionally, participants were told the probability (0–100%) of further rounds of play with the same player (this probability was not real; it was purely to manipulate the player’s expectations). To assess the effect of the probability of future rounds, we developed a mathematical model to predict the threshold that would permit a Nash Equilibrium of Conditional Cooperation (CC). To manipulate visibility, half the pairs were tested in the same room (seen condition) and half in separate rooms (unseen condition). To measure biophilia, the “Nature Relatedness” (NR) scale was used. To measure future discounting, the “consideration of future consequences” (CFC) scale was used. To measure life history, the participant’s UK postcode was obtained (indicating possible residence in a deprived neighbourhood). Participants in our study were not paid. In our results, there was a significant effect showing more cooperation in the visible than not visible condition, but no significant effects of NR, CFC, nor postcodes (but NR was significant in interaction with visibility). For predictability of future rounds, we found a number of significant effects using different tests. A notable result was that there was significantly more CC when the probability of future rounds was ≥ 69% (congruent with one of our model predictions).

Temporal Distance, Message Framing, and Consideration of Future Consequences: Parents’ Willingness to Vaccinate Children Aged 5–11 Against COVID-19

ABSTRACT Based on the construal level theory (CLT), this experiment employed a 2 (message framing: gain vs. loss) × 2 (temporal framing: proximal vs. distal) × 2 (consideration of future consequences: low vs. high) between-subjects factorial design. Parents (N = 409) of 5- to 11-year-old children in the United States from a pool of candidates pre-screened by Qualtrics participated in this study. Results indicated that parents with high CFC-Future were more receptive to messages advocating getting their children vaccinated against COVID-19. Parents with high CFC-Future reported higher risk perception in response to the proximal messages compared to the distal messages. For parents focusing on more distant outcomes, proximal messages generated more positive attitude and greater intention compared to distal messages in the loss-framed condition. The difference was not significant in the gain-framed condition. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed. Limitations and directions for future research were outlined.

Assessing the Relationship between Plant Types Purchased and Consideration of Future Consequences to Generate Marketing Messages for Ornamental Plants1

Abstract Plants are an integral part of the environment and human health can be improved through people interacting with plants. But do “plant people” care about the environment more than others? Plant purchases may be tied to perceptions of future personal and environmental health. The interface of concern for the environment, personal mental health, and plant purchases has yet to be explored and may hold informative suggestions for marketing strategies. Here, an online survey elicited behavior toward plant purchases, mental health, consideration of future consequences (CFC), plant spending and demographic information. A total of 860 U.S. consumers participated in the study. A probit model assessed the relationship between plant spending, demographics and participants' CFC. Results indicate positive correlations between all of the plant types purchased (e.g., annuals, perennials) and plant spending in 2021 and 2020. Mental health ratings (from 20 statements in the PANAS-X Scales Manual for Positive and Negative Affect Schedule) and high mean scores for future consequences (from a CFC scale) were positively correlated. Purchasing indoor foliage plants improved the probability of being in the high CFC group, while negatively impacting the probability of being in the low CFC group. Purchasing annual plants significantly improved participants’ mental health ratings.

Effect of Social Norms and Psychological Factors on Consumer Green Buying Intentions: The Mediating Role of Personal Norms an Entrepreneurial Perspective

The prime concern of the present study entails exploring the various factors that relate to the social and psychological perspectives that derive from personal norms and influence the behaviour of consumers towards the purchase of products and the adoption of green services and products that address environmental concerns. This research effort contributes to creation of knowledge with mediation effect of consumer personal norms among samples from developing countries. The data was collected cross-sectionally from consumers of Dolmen Mall Karachi, Pakistan. The researcher approached 330 individuals under probability sampling, and data was collected through questionnaire in malls. This research paper utilized PLS-SEM for the analysis of collected data. The entrepreneurial perspective has the tendency to influence the behavior of consumers and employees. The firms strive to incorporate innovative initiatives for business operations from the entrepreneurial perspective. The firms face a number of issues, problems, and challenges and find the solution in an entrepreneurial approach that firms incorporate in their strategic management. Similarly, it has been argued that the entrepreneurial approach enables the firms to devise innovative solutions and has the tendency to influence the green buying intentions. The results found that personal norms predict buying intentions, and formerly descriptive social norms, injunctive social norms, and biospheric values directly predict consumer personal norms. However, consideration of future consequences could not show any influence on personal norms. The results supported the mediating role of personal norms between descriptive social norms, injunctive social norms, biospheric values, and buying intentions. The results of this study provide important insights to green product researchers, marketers, and policymakers. Marketers can get guidance to design effective marketing strategies by focusing on consumer-related descriptive and injunctive social norms and biospheric values. The study also highlights its implications and limitations as well as the suggestions for future research.

How Consideration of Future Consequences, Prior Gain or Loss, Personal Risk Profile, and Justification Affect Risk–Payoff Preferences

This study examines (1) how risk–payoff preference can be affected by differences in consideration of future consequences (CFC), prior gain/loss, and personal risk profile, and (2) whether one’s risk–payoff preference may vary with justification prompts. Using an experimental design with 366 undergraduate business students, participants are tasked to make risk–payoff choices in two scenarios, with the combined risk–payoff outcomes serving as the dependent variable. In addition, participants are assessed on their personal risk profiles and also complete the 14-item CFC scale to gauge the propensity to take into account future consequences of their behaviors. Findings show that one who scores low (high) in CFC will prefer lower (higher) risk and payoff. Further, for an individual who scores high in CFC and has a prior gain (loss), he/she will be more inclined to prefer lower (higher) risk and payoff, though this effect is moderated by one’s risk profile. Finally, justification prompts help to reduce one’s propensity toward high risk–payoff, irrespective of prior gain/loss and risk profile considerations. With regard to consumers’ financial choices, particularly in a volatile economic environment, the findings here indicate that prompting for strategic justifications before making decisions can help lower one’s overall propensity toward high risk–payoff choices.

Winter is coming: An investigation of vigilant leadership, antecedents, and outcomes.

Within the hierarchical taxonomy of effective leadership, change-oriented leadership stands as a distinct and meaningful metacategory, primarily focusing on promoting change by communicating a compelling vision for the future. However, we consider whether there might be room to broaden the scope of change-oriented leadership by examining more negative-focused leadership behaviors. In this article, we explore the concept of vigilant leadership, which we suggest could be a change-oriented and negative-focused leadership style, and investigate its usefulness as a new leadership construct. In Study 1, we take preliminary steps toward developing a measure of vigilant leadership, employing content adequacy assessment and item response theory analysis. Drawing on the integrative trait-behavioral model of leadership effectiveness (DeRue et al., 2011), we further explore how vigilant leadership is associated with an array of antecedents (i.e., leader characteristics) and leadership outcomes. In Studies 2a and 2b, we present initial findings that leaders high on consideration of future consequences, prevention focus, general self-efficacy, and emotional intelligence might be more inclined to exhibit vigilant leadership. In Study 3, our results suggest that, even after controlling for the effect of visionary leadership (a type of positive-focused change-oriented leadership), vigilant leadership is positively related to follower felt responsibility for change, proactivity, specific proactive work behaviors (taking charge, voice, and problem prevention), teamwork proactivity, and teamwork proficiency. However, it does not seem to relate to follower proficiency, follower adaptivity, teamwork adaptivity, organizational citizenship behavior, positive affect toward the leader, leader-member exchange, or relational identification with the leader. With these preliminary findings, we encourage further discussion and investigation into the potential implications of this emerging construct. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Investigating alternative avenues for financial behaviour change: moving beyond the traditional approach

PurposeThis study aims to explore possible behavioural change venues, beyond the traditional approach to financial education, using the capability-opportunity-motivation behaviour theoretical framework of behavioural change.Design/methodology/approachThe study included 45, semi-structured, in-depth interviews of young adults to explore which elements of financial behaviour formation should interventions target to be effective.FindingsTo strengthen capability, the study recommends behavioural education and training for boosting financial knowledge and skills, enablement of financial independence and modelling for empowering self-control and reducing impulsiveness. To boost motivation, gamification of modelling is advised for boosting responsible financial behaviour as part of the identity and inducing consideration of future consequences. Persuasion is advised for inducing positive emotions while incentivization and coercion are advised for empowering self-conscious intentions. To rise opportunity, the study proposes incentivization and coercion imposed by parents, and governmental efforts regarding restriction, enablement and environmental restructuring.Practical implicationsThe study brings recommendations for developing efficient interventions for strengthening responsible financial behaviour that may help design type-specific education programmes to promote responsible financial behaviour.Originality/valueThe present study attempts to explore new venues in intervention design that break away from the traditional approach of financial education focused on knowledge and skills that is proven to be ineffective

The association between consideration of future consequences and food intake is mediated by food choice motives in a French adult population.

Consideration of future consequences (CFC) distinguishes individuals who adopt behaviours based on immediate needs and concerns from individuals who consider the future consequences of their behaviours. We aimed to assess the association between CFC and diet, and testing the mediating role of food choice motives on this relationship. Individuals (aged ≥ 18 years) completed the CFC-12 questionnaire in 2014, at least three 24-h dietary records, and a food choice motive questionnaire. A multiple mediator analysis allowed to assess the mediating effect of food choice motives on the cross-sectional association between CFC and diet, adjusted for socio-demographic factors. Data from the NutriNet-Santé cohort study. 27 330 participants. CFC was associated with all food choice motives (P < 0·001), with the strongest positive associations for avoidance for environmental reasons, absence of contaminants and health motives and the strongest negative associations for innovation and convenience. Positive total effects were found between CFC and the consumption of healthy food groups (fruits and vegetables, whole-grain foods, legumes), and negative total effects for alcohol, meat and poultry and processed meat (P < 0·001). CFC was positively associated with diet quality (P < 0·001). Across food groups, major mediators of these relationships were higher health (8·4-32·6%), higher environmental (13·7-22·1 %) and lower innovation (7·3-25·1 %) concerns. CFC was associated with healthier dietary intake, essentially mediated by a greater motivation of future-oriented participants for self-centred and altruistic outcomes, including health and environment. Focusing on the awareness of future benefits in public health interventions might lead to healthier dietary behaviours.

How future orientations predict healthy outcomes: Information avoidance as a potential mechanism.

This study elucidates whether information avoidance may help explain demonstrated links between future orientation and health. In an online study, college students reported their self-reported prevention and detection health behaviors and responded to a prevention and detection health message. Path analyses indicated that information avoidance mediated the relationship with the future orientations (optimism and consideration of future consequences), such that, greater and more positive future orientations were associated with less information avoidance, and less information avoidance was associated with greater self-reported health behaviors and positive responses to health information. Correlational analyses revealed that information avoidance was particularly related to health outcomes, and to a greater extent than future orientations. Our findings join a growing literature showing the importance of information avoidance for a variety of health behaviors and suggest a potential intervention target for individuals whose characteristic ways of (not) thinking about their future might keep them unaware and unhealthy.