Conservative Techniques Research Articles

Provisional Technique for Bifurcation Left Main In-Stent Restenosis Lesion: A Case Report

Background: Percutaneous coronary intervention for bifurcation lesions remains challenging because of its complexity and the lack of trials to guide decision-making. It also comes with several debatable issues, including the requirement for kissing balloon inflation as the post-dilation produces. Case Illustration: A 64-year-old male with some coronary risk factors of hypertension, passive smoker, and family history of CAD presented with recurring exertional chest pain for the last 4 months. He was hospitalized to undergo DCA-Adhoc after the ECG stress test revealed a positive result. The coronary angiography revealed a 95% ISR in the osteal LAD and 20% ISR of the proximal LCx. Since the patient refused to undergo coronary bypass surgery, the team decided to perform catheter intervention to the LM bifurcation of LAD-LCx. The procedure begins with the insertion of IABP through the access of the left femoral artery. We performed a provisional approach with the main vessel stenting of LM-LAD. At the end of the procedure, we performed simultaneous kissing balloon inflation of LAD-LCx followed by POT in LM stent as the post-dilation produces. Discussion: When considering intervention on a bifurcation lesion, there are two general strategies i.e the more conservative or provisional technique that intent to only use one stent and the two-stent approach. The provisional technique is considered to offer advantages in terms of reducing procedure complexity, reducing fluoroscopic time, requiring less contrast volume, and reducing resource (stent) use compared by 2 stent strategy. Conclusion: Coronary bifurcation lesions are fairly frequent, and their management is associated with an increased risk of MACE, increased complexity, and prolonged treatment times.

Digital Hysteresis Control Algorithm for Switched Inductor Quasi Z-Source Inverter with Constant Switching Frequency

In this paper, a digital hysteresis current limit controller is developed for Switched Inductor Quasi Z-Source Inverter (SLQZSI). Traditional methods like hysteresis current fixed limit and adjustable hysteresis current limit techniques changes the hysteresis bandwidth in accordance to modulating frequency and gradient of reference current. The operating shifting frequency of typical approaches oscillates and crosses the intended steady shifting frequency under noise. It leads to undesirable heavy interference between the phases and more power loss. In the planned digital hysteresis current limit technique, the hysteresis current limit is calculated by resolving the optimization problem. In the proposed approach the operating shifting frequency is kept same or inferior to the intended steady shifting frequency even under noise. Hence the planned digital hysteresis current limit algorithm maintains the output current steady and power loss is minimized which is not promised by the conservative techniques. To compare different control strategies in terms of nature of operating switching frequency and harmonic performance simulations are built on the MATLAB/SIMULINK

Management of minimally displaced mandibular fracture with customized open cap splint in an 11-year child: A case report

Mandibular fractures are the most common type of facial skeletal injury in children. In descending order, the most common is the condylar region then angle, and thirdly body fractures. Most of the fractures are greenstick type in children, because of the presence of permanent tooth buds which hold the fractured mandibular fragments like glue. Hence, conservative management is preferred and the fractures heal well and rapidly in children. The condylar neck in children being short and thick helps to resist the fracture, making most of them the nondisplaced type of fractures. The purpose of this case report is to present a conservative and effective treatment technique for pediatric mandibular fractures using a customized acrylic cap splint. This method has many advantages like simplicity of design, ease of fabrication, and reliability. This method takes care of anatomical, physiological, and psychological aspects as well as the complexity of developing jaws in children. Keywords: Children; Closed Fracture Reduction; Mandibular Fracture; Splint

The Impact of Covid-19 Lockdown on Working Capital Management and Profitability of Firms: A Case Study of Lesley Bakers PVT LTD

This research study was carried out to analyse the impact of Covid-19 Lockdown towards working capital management and profitability of companies. The main complications faced were loss of market whilst operational costs remained on the same level. Enforcement of lockdown regulations such as curfews and intercity travel bans posed a threat in profit statuses of many firms. A challenge also faced was reduction of workforce to meet World Health Organisation requirements of social distancing and health safety protocols. The researchers applied quantitate descriptive research design to gather data from the baker’s employees. Questionnaires were used to collect data. Lesley was driven by the conservative approach techniques whereby it was required to reduce receivables from customers, maintaining high stocks, and timely settlement of liabilities. However, following the covid-19 global pandemic which led to many business operations being ceased and many of the organisation's clients which are in the formal sector to be highly affected resulting in the delaying of amounts due. The sudden increase in debtors would result in cash shortages to fund other operations and pay the current liabilities. Furthermore, the findings indicated slow payment by credit customers meaning that most of the firm’s accounts receivable remains outstanding for a long period of time. This is evidenced by high percentages of accounts receivable compared to other current assets of the firm. The researchers found that effective working capital management techniques had to be applied to continue operations. The researchers recommend companies to minimize their operational, production and capital expenditure in response to reduced market forces. Government support should be granted to local firms since they are no longer importing materials or exporting products, whilst the firm apply efficient working capital techniques.

Thermoelastic fracture analysis in orthotropic media using optimized element free Galerkin algorithm

In this work the effectuality of element free Galerkin method (EFGM) have been enhanced by proposing a novel algorithm for modeling discrete cracks in two-dimensional orthotropic media that are subjected to thermoelastic loading. The standard element-free Galerkin method (EFGM) is amended at the approximation level in conjunction with parametric optimization at computational level. The proposed algorithm not only extends the capability of element free Galerkin method for simulating thermoelastic fracture in orthotropic media but additionally it demonstrates a higher degree of computational efficiency and solution accuracy. The proposed algorithm utilizes variable quadrature points from the problem domain for the purpose of numerical integration. A parametric optimization has also been incorporated in the proposed algorithm for minimizing the computational time of simulation. The proposed algorithm is proficient to simulate near tip stress field in both convex and non-convex problem domains. A modified conservative M-integral technique has been used in order to extract the thermal stress intensity factors (SIFs) for the simulated problems. Few static and quasi-static crack problems have been modeled and simulated to illustrate and establish the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Moreover, two component level problems, having non-convex domains, have also been modeled in order to establish the versatility of proposed algorithm. A good agreement between the obtained results with those of the available reference results establishes the capability and robustness of proposed algorithm for simulating fracture in orthotropic media subjected to thermoelastic loads. Moreover, the proposed EFGM algorithm significantly reduces the computational time which further enhances and augments its modeling prowess.

HALL TECHNIQUE AND MODIFIED HALL TECHNIQUE IN PEDIATRIC DENTISTRY; A LITERATURE REVIEW

The high frequency of caries in primary teeth and its inadequate treatment are major public health problems during childhood.The common challenge for clinicians and parents is to allow children to experience dental treatment in an atmosphere created to empower the child and maximise their ability to cooperate with, and accept treatment. So,More conservative techniques for managing dental caries including 'partial' and 'no caries removal' have been increasingly of interest.If left unmanaged,dental caries will lead to tooth pain,discomfort,eating impairment,loss of tooth,and delayed language development in children. Nowadays, the Hall technique is one of the methods used for biological sealing in carious lesions in primary molars.Thus,the bacteria will be sealed from oral environment and the caries will be inactive. The purpose of this review is to discuss about the use of stainless steel crown to restore multi surface carious lesion by hall technique and modified hall technique.

Placenta accreta spectrum: experience of conservative surgery during cesarean section and clinical and radiological management during pregnancy and follow-up.

Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is a condition of abnormal placental invasion including placenta accreta, increta and percreta and is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Recently, a conservative surgical technique has been proposed as a valid alternative to peri-partum hysterectomy to reduce the short- and long-term risks for the mothers and to preserve fertility. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) seems to be useful first of all at the time of diagnosis and furthermore to investigate the course of conservative management of PAS. We describe three cases of PAS treated with conservative procedure and managed with clinic, ultrasound and MRI by a multidisciplinary equipe.

Ovarian Pregnancy: A Rare Case Report

Ovarian pregnancy is a rare entity among ectopic pregnancies where the ovary is the site of implantation. Its diagnosis requires a well codified approach. The particularities of the determining factors, histopathological and evolutionary characteristics of ovarian pregnancies led us to take an interest in this form of ectopic pregnancy. We report a case of ovarian pregnancy treated during our shift. It concerns a 42 year old woman, multiparous, with a notion of delay of menstruation of 3 weeks. She presented to the gynecological emergency room with acute pelvic pain complicated by shock. On examination, the diagnosis of ampullary ectopic pregnancy was made. The patient was resuscitated and underwent emergency surgery. The diagnosis of ovarian pregnancy was made intraoperatively, for which a salpingectomy was performed. The postoperative course was simple. Indeed, the diagnosis of ovarian pregnancy is difficult and is based on intraoperative findings. The presence of the ovarian nidation zone on histopathological examination is optimal to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment is based on surgery with the development of conservative techniques by laparoscopy when the patient's hemodynamic state allows it.

СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН ОСНОВНИХ ПРОМИСЛОВИХ ВИДІВ РИБ КРЕМЕНЧУЦЬКОГО ВОДОСХОВИЩА

The major quantitative and qualitative indicators of the main commercial fish species of the Kremenchug reservoir were analyzed in the study and the main parameters of the optimal commercial fisheries catch by gill nets were determined. Original materials for investigations were data of control commercial catches in the Kremenchug reservoir during 2021. Conservative techniques were used in sampling and analysis during ichthyological studies.
 Materials on the main commercial fish species in the Kremenchug reservoir were collected. Biological materials from commercial gill nets were selected and the fish productivity of the reservoir was determined.
 The work provides up-to-date information on the main biological indicators of commercial fish species of Kremenchug reservoir in modern conditions of anthropogenic press and calculates scientifically proven parameters of optimal commercial fish harvest.
 The article can be used by scientists, practitioners, fisheries patrol and the State Ecological Inspectorate to predict future catches and knowledge of the current situation with the main industrial fish species in the Kremenchug Reservoir. Modern material on the main commercial fish species will help to see the real picture in the reservoir and take necessary fish protection measures.

Giant omphalocele treated with simple daily dressing changes

Omphalocele, also called exomphalos, is an anterior abdominal wall midline defect of variable size involving the umbilical ring containing the herniated viscera into a sac made up of peritoneum, amnion and Wharton's jelly. Giant omphalocele is an extreme version of this defect management of which is challenging. Author is reporting here a case of giant omphalocele managed initially by a simple yet novel conservative technique yielding subsequently good result. • Although no standard definition of GO exists, some authors consider the malformation to be a giant omphalocele (GO) when the abdominal wall defect exceeds 5–6 cm in diameter and the sac contains the whole or most of the liver. • Numerous methods for managing giant omphaloceles have been described since ages, but however, still there is no standard definition as well as its universal way of is management. • Since many GOs cannot be closed at birth due to various reasons, better to manage initially with non operatively with topical agents to facilitate epithelialization of the sac by dry eschar formation promoting subsequent scar tissue leaving behind small umbilical defect as the baby grows. • A technique of dry desiccated antiseptic and antibiotic dressings with graduated compression pressure applied daily is a simple yet innovative method of dealing with morbid congenital anomaly called giant omphalocele, yielding subsequently good results with perseverance from the involved medical team without any morbidity or mortality.

Partial Laminate Veneers for a Maxillary Midline Diastema Closure: A Case Report

Background: A variety of approaches can be employed to close diastemas using conservative and non-conservative restorative techniques such as composite restorations, laminate veneers, and crowning if there is no indication for orthodontic treatment. Objectives: This paper aimed to discuss the mechanical properties of sectional laminate veneers, the preparation, and the ceramic material used for their manufacturing. Material and methods: A case of a maxillary midline diastema closure using feldspathic partial laminate veneers with an ultra-conservative preparation is described. Results: Feldspathic sectional laminate veneers achieve an esthetically pleasant diastema closure. The ultra-conservative preparation and adequate polishing technique preserve dental and gingival tissues. Conclusion: It can be concluded that sectional partial veneers are an esthetic option with low mechanical properties that must be carefully indicated.

Esthetic treatments for white and yellow/brown enamel stains

In order to solve the dental aesthetic pattern of a patient, who has dental stains on the enamel surface, we carried out this case report where are presented the steps employed for bleaching of teeth with superficial yellow/brown enamel stains with carbamide peroxide and micrometric removal of hard white enamel stains using the enamel microabrasion technique. The worn of dental surface during enamel microabrasion technique was measured with a digital analysis, using a intraoral scanner. It was observed a surprisingly esthetic outcome as the superficial enamel stains were camouflaged by the at-home dental bleaching. Only the superficial white enamel stains that remained evident were removed by enamel microabrasion technique with a minimal average wear of 118 um of the dental enamel on all anterior teeth, showing to be a conservative technique. Dental bleaching can solve the discoloration of vital teeth, such as the superficial yellow/brown hard enamel stains, as well as can mask the superficial white enamel stains. But when necessary, enamel microabrasion technique is an effective minimally-invasive option that can also be adopted.

Capsule Closure of Periportal Capsulotomy for Hip Arthroscopy

Multiple approaches for management of the hip capsule during hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome have been reported. Capsular closure is advocated in the setting of larger capsulotomies, including interportal and T-capsulotomies, to reduce the risk of iatrogenic instability or microinstability of the hip. The periportal capsulotomy technique has been described for conservative management of the capsule that would not necessitate closure. However, hip arthroscopy for patients with ligamentous laxity or joint hypermobility may warrant capsule closure or plication even with use of conservative capsulotomy techniques. We introduce a technique for closure of periportal capsulotomy as a means to repair or plicate the hip capsule in the at-risk hypermobile patient.

Gene Therapy for Critical Limb Ischemia: Per Aspera ad Astra.

Peripheral artery diseases remain a serious public health problem. Although there are many traditional methods for their treatment using conservative therapeutic techniques and surgery, gene therapy is an alternative and potentially more effective treatment option especially for "no-option" patients. This review treats the results of many years of research and application of gene therapy as an example of treatment of patients with critical limb ischemia. Data on successful and unsuccessful attempts to use this technology for treating this disease are presented. Trends in changing the paradigm of approaches to therapeutic angiogenesis are noted: from viral vectors to non-viral vectors, from gene transfer to the whole organism to targeted transfer to cells and tissues, from single-gene use to combination of genes; from DNA therapy to RNA therapy, from in vivo therapy to ex vivo therapy.

Comparative analysis of the use of L-PRP/L-PCP injections, arthroscopic partial resection and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of the meniscus tears

Recent studies show that among people with an active lifestyle about 6-10 % of injuries are acute injuries of the knee joints, namely – meniscus tear. The main treatment options for traumatic meniscus tears include surgical arthroscopic partial meniscectomy or meniscus reconstruction, and conservative regenerative injection techniques. Today, the choice of treatment tactics remains controversial. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of regenerative injection techniques in comparison with partial resection of the menisci and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs together with the systematic use of kinesiotherapy for traumatic meniscus injuries. Materials and methods. The results of еру treatment of 154 patients with traumatic meniscus injuries were evaluated. Group 1 (n = 53) received intra-articular injection of plasma enriched with growth factors with a high platelet concentration of at least 1 million/μL and a high number of leukocytes (L-PRP/L-PCP) in combination with low molecular weight hyaluronic acid; the number of injections from 3 to 6 with an interval between injections of 2 weeks. Group 2 (n = 49) received NSAID therapy (orally, 1 tablet twice daily, 7 days with a break of 1 week) for 2 months and a course of physiotherapy exercises. Patients in group 3 underwent arthroscopic partial meniscectomy, followed by recommendations for motor regime. Evaluations were performed using VAS scale, WOMAC questionnaire and KOOS survey scale at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after the end of treatment. Results. The obtained results demonstrated the effectiveness of intra-articular use of L-PRP/L-PCP in the treatment of traumatic meniscus tears in the short term (up to 3 months) and in the long term (up to 3 years), represented by the improvement of joint function and a significant reduction in the level of pain, which was observed in patients of group №1 after 36 months: by VAS 1.2 ± 0.5 cm, questionnaire KOOS 94.5 ± 4.8 points, and WOMAC 4.0 ± 1.9, (p <0.05). The use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and physiotherapy exercises is not effective in the short term (3-6 months), and over time the condition of patients only worsens: after 36 months VAS 7.6 ± 1.9 cm, KOOS questionnaire 24.9 ± 3 , 9 points (p < 0.05), and WOMAC 72.2 ± 7.1, (p < 0.01 compared to primary data). Partial arthroscopic meniscal resection can reduce pain and restore functional status to satisfactory within one year, with further progression of pain symptoms and functional limitations in the second and third year of the study, which is reflected in the results after 36 months: for VAS 5.7 ± 1.9 cm, questionnaire for COOS 47.1 ± 5.7 points, and WOMAC 64.1 ± 5.9, (p < 0.05 compared to primary data). Conclusion. Intra-articular administration of L-PRP/L-PCP with hyaluronic acid can improve functionality and reduce pain in patients with traumatic meniscus injuries for up to 3 years. The use of NSAIDs and kinesiotherapy is not effective at all stages of follow-up. As for the use of arthroscopic partial resection, it provides an opportunity to get rid of pain and improve the capabilities of patients with traumatic meniscus tears for up to 12 months.

Efficacy of Conservative and Surgical Techniques in the Management of Scaphoid Fractures: A Longitudinal Study

Aim: The goal of this study was to assess the efficacy of conservative versus surgical treatment for acute scaphoid fracture. Study design: A longitudinal study Place and Duration: This study was conducted at Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi, MMC college Mirpurkhas, BMCH Quetta, PHQ hospital Gilgit Pakistan from June 2020 to June 2021. Methodology: A total of 60 acute scaphoid fractures (within three weeks) were included in this study, regardless of location. During the clinical examinations, diagnostic tests were done. Patients were urged to have wrist radiography check if any of these tests were positive. If radiography revealed no fracture, the wrist was immobilised with a below-elbow slab, and the patient was instructed to return in 15 days. After two weeks, the identical x-ray series was repeated Results: During the study period, 60 cases of acute scaphoid fracture (< 3 weeks) were seen. The average age of patients was 36.5 years. There were n=48 (80%) male patients and n=12 (20%) female patients. A right-side fracture was found in 38 (63 %) of patients, while a left-side fracture was found in 22 (36 %). The most common type of injury was traffic accidents, but sports injuries, industrial injuries, domestic injuries, and assault injuries were also common. A total of 11 patients had poor results who were managed conservatively. Poor results were reported in 1 patient of the operatively managed patients. Conclusion: As compared to conservative management, surgical technique had more favourable outcome. There were poor results in every fourth patient that was managed conservatively, while poor results were negligible in patients who were operatively managed. Keywords: Scaphoid fracture, conservative and surgical management, treatment options

Conservative Management Techniques for Ideal Grooming and Upbringing of Downs Syndrome Children

Background: Down syndrome are slow learners having mild to moderate intellectual disability with co-morbidities, we need to pay special attention on conservative management techniques like early intervention programs, speech therapies, physiotherapies, exercises, sports, schooling and education etc. to make these children intellectual compatible for a normal life. Aim: To identify the conservative management techniques for improving the quality of life for down syndromes. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional survey (designed after literature search) was conducted from the parents of Down Syndromes at special children’s schools in Islamabad and Rawalpindi according to inclusion criteria i.e., school going down syndromes and residents of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, in an interactive counselling session conducted by authors in collaboration with pediatrician, keeping the questionnaire anonymous. Results: For the management of Down Syndromes, out of 44 parents, 36(81.8%) agreed on home based teaching, 34(77.3%) agreed on exercise, gym and sports for down syndromes. Around 38(86.4%) agreed on speech therapy and social interactions, 31(70.5%) parents agreed on controlled and healthy diet and 34(77.3%) parents said brain storming and learning new things should be in practice for down syndromes. Conclusion: Down syndrome is a complex condition requiring a multi-disciplinary team of professionals to manage the myriad of problems faced by the patients. Aside from these, a vital role is played by parents, teachers & the community itself in taking care of these special individuals. Also, Down syndrome is characterized by learning disabilities as its hallmark feature but their learning abilities can be improved through certain conservative management techniques. Keywords: Down Syndrome, School, Exercise

Enhanced conservation of vital pulp and apical tissues by the application of crown rotation surgery for inversely impacted central incisors: A follow‐up analysis of two patients over 4 years

To describe a novel surgical method (crown rotation surgery) to manage inversely impacted central incisors with immature roots. Two young patients each presented with an inversely impacted maxillary central incisor. To protect the apical tissues, the two impacted incisors were rotated downwards to a relatively normal position without extraction from their bony sockets. After crown rotation surgery, spontaneous eruption, continuous root development, and periodontal healing of the rotated incisors were observed. The pulp retained vitality and blood flow was normal. Moreover, there were no obvious signs of pulp canal obliteration (PCO), as indicated by Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) imaging. • By optimising protection of the vital pulp and apical tissues, crown rotation surgery represents a minimally invasive, conservative, and practical surgical technique for treating inversely impacted incisors with developing roots. • In contrast to existing surgical methods, crown rotation surgery may avoid certain complications, including PCO and abnormal or arrested root development.

Early sowing can boost grain production by reducing weed infestation in organic no-till wheat.

Conservative tillage techniques have several agro-ecological benefits for organic farming. The application of these techniques, however, can create quite a few challenges due to the increased weed competition. Here, we report the results of an organic field experiment in which the responses of wheat and weeds to no tillage (NT) were evaluated compared with conventional tillage (CT). We also tested the hypothesis that, under NT, moving up the sowing date, compared with using the ordinary sowing date for the study area, can result in increased competitiveness of the crop against weeds. Two wheat genotypes, a modern variety and an ancient landrace, were tested. Substantial reductions in grain yield and protein content were observed in wheat under NT than under CT when the ordinary sowing date was used. This was mainly due to the considerable increase in weed biomass under NT. The tillage system also altered the composition of weed flora, with some species favored under NT and others under CT. In general, early sowing mitigated the detrimental effect of NT on yield. The two genotypes responded differently to the treatments. The early sowing in the modern variety reduced but did not eliminate the advantages of CT over NT, whereas no appreciable differences in grain yield were observed between CT and NT in the landrace. Our results show clearly that, under organic management, using NT alone as a substitute for CT is not agronomically feasible. Moving up the sowing date and using a competitive genotype can help mitigate the negative effects of NT, but surely a more effective application of NT could be achieved by acting simultaneously on other factors of the cropping management system (e.g. crop rotation, fertilization strategy, type of seeder). © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Survey of sarcoma surgery principles among orthopaedic oncologists

BackgroundSurgical principles and techniques used during primary sarcoma excision focus on acquiring negative margins, reducing the risk of local recurrence, and minimizing contamination. These principles and techniques within orthopaedic oncology are not well documented in the literature. No standardized surgical hand-off or approach to education across disciplines on orthopaedic oncology principles and techniques has been published. Currently, education on intraoperative approaches is passed down by oral tradition. ObjectivesOur objective was to survey members of the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) to identify their core principles and practices in orthopaedic oncology. We aimed to 1) provide descriptive analyses of surgeon technique patterns; 2) determine correlations between individual practice patterns; and 3) identify distinct clusters of surgeons on the basis of common practice tendencies. MethodsA web-based, 16-question survey regarding orthopaedic oncology intraoperative principles and techniques was distributed online to all 349 members of the MSTS in 2021. There were 137 (39%) unique respondents, all of whom completed the entire survey. The 16 survey questions were grouped into 4 key aspects of sarcoma excision: pre-incision, exposure of the mass, delivery of the mass, and closure. The questions inquired about respondent preference on draping, back table setup, instrument use, and intraoperative decision making. These questions were selected on the basis of existing reports, as well as the senior author's experience. We analyzed the responses using 3 methods: 1) descriptive statistics, 2) correlations between question responses, and 3) clustering analysis. We used an artificial intelligence–based clustering algorithm to cluster respondents according to their practice patterns. The results of our correlation analyses are reported as Spearman's rho (ρ) correlation coefficients. ResultsMost respondents (mean, 71%; standard deviation, 22%) reported using the described surgical techniques “most of the time” or “in all cases.” A strong positive correlation was found between respondents who answered “yes” to both of the following questions: “Do you change your surgical gloves after passing off the tumor specimen?” and “Does your entire surgical team change their gloves after passing off the tumor specimen?” (ρ = 0.88). A moderate positive correlation was found between those who answered “yes” to both of the following questions: “Do you change your surgical gloves after passing off the tumor specimen (i.e., prior to closure)?” and “Do you use new and/or unused surgical instruments for the final closure?” (ρ = 0.60). The cluster analysis identified 3 distinct clusters of respondents. The conservative technique cluster (N = 42) was more likely to answer “yes” to 9 of the 10 questions regarding incision management, consultant team communication, gloving, and instrument use, whereas the permissive technique cluster (N = 41) was more likely to answer “no” to questions regarding gloving, draping, and instrument use. ConclusionsOur findings indicate that most respondents perform the surveyed techniques, and there is homogeneity in the practice patterns of members of the MSTS; however, we identified distinct clusters of respondents who were significantly more likely to perform certain techniques. These results support establishing a standardized set of intraoperative techniques and formal surgical education regarding intraoperative principles and techniques in orthopaedic oncology.