Conservation Of Water Resources Research Articles

AI for Sustainable Farming

Abstract: Technology like the AI and IoT have been employed in farming for some time now, along with other forms of cutting-edge computer science. There has been a shift in recent years towards thinking about how to put this new technology to use. Agriculture has provided a large portion of humanity’s sustenance for thousands of years, with its most notable contribution being the widespread use of effective agricultural practices for several crop types. The advent of cutting edge IoT know-hows with the ability for monitoring agricultural ecosystems and guarantee high-quality production is underway. Smart Sustainable Agriculture continues to face formidable hurdles due to the widespread dispersion of agricultural procedures, such as the deployment4/ and administration of IoT and AI devices, sharing of data and administration, interoperability, and analysis and storage of enormous data quantities. The project aims to address pressing global challenges by promoting sustainable agriculture practices. Sustainable agriculture is characterized by its long-term viabilityand ecological compatibility, prioritizing the well-being of both humans and natural resources. It encompasses various techniques and methods that protect soil quality, conserve water resources, enhance biodiversity, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Machine learning modeling of lake chlorophyll content in a data scarce region (Northern Patagonia, Chile): insights for environmental monitoring

Among South America, Chile is highly susceptible to climate change impacts on water resources and ecosystems. Chilean lakes and rivers have been impacted by anthropogenic activities leading to chemical pollution and eutrophication. Concerns for conservation and management of water resources has led to the current development of secondary norms for environmental quality of Northern Patagonian lakes. In this context, we analyze historical limnological databases (1979-2022) for these lakes utilizing Random Forest (RF) models. After filtering, we retained data for 11 lakes including key variables of: dissolved oxygen, electric conductivity, transparency, temperature, pH, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and chlorophyll-a. This dataset yielded robust results, accurately predicting chlorophyll-a content. Furthermore, we added lake geomorphological parameters, enhancing the performance of the model. Our study demonstrates the need to improve long-term monitoring programs, optimizing environmental data recording and decreasing costs. We conclude that the studied lakes generally maintain their oligotrophic characteristics, however further analysis suggests that these lakes are more sensitive to nitrogen loading than phosphorus. Our results highlight the need to implement adaptative management plans at the watershed level to regulate anthropogenic nitrogen contamination (from agriculture, pisciculture and urbanization). The features selected by RF, coupled with the assessment of historical trophic state variation, allow the establishment of permissible concentration thresholds for major nutrients and other sentinel parameters, informing the development of regulations such as the secondary norms for environmental quality. Lastly, the enhanced performance of RF modeling when including geographical parameters unveils the need to standardize and integrate geographical data in monitoring practices.

Simulation and multi-scenario prediction of land-use change in the Gansu section of the Yellow River Basin, China

Introduction: The Gansu section of the Yellow River Basin is an important water resource conservation and replenishment area for the entire Yellow River Basin. With urbanization and socio-economic development, it is urgent to study the characteristics of land-use change and its future simulation in order to realize the coordinated ecological and economic development.Methods: Based on the patch-generating land-use simulation (PLUS) model, this paper investigated the main drivers of land-use type expansion with a comprehensive consideration of natural and socio-economic aspects; moreover, the study simulated land-use change in 2030 under the four scenarios of natural development, cultivated land protection, ecological priority, and economic construction.Results: The results showed the following: 1) the prediction of land-use types continued the historical evolution since 1980. Grassland, cultivated land, and forest land were still the dominant land types, accounting for more than 87% of the basin’s total area. Water bodies and wetlands remained relatively stable, and there was an obvious increase of approximately 20% in construction land. 2) Construction land and grassland were primarily driven by the social factor of the distance from the primary road and the distance from the secondary road, respectively. The cultivated land was greatly affected by the economic factor of population density. 3) The cultivated land protection scenario was the only one of the four scenarios that could make the cultivated land area increase positively, with an increase rate of 0.5%. This scenario also restricted effectively the conversion of cultivated land into construction land. The ecological priority scenario can expand grassland obviously with a proportion of 1.82% and slow down oasis desertion. The economic construction scenario can increase the construction land area the most by a rate of 25.5% to accelerate the economic development of specific regions in the study area.Discussion: Therefore, implementing policies on the basis of choosing suitable scenarios in different areas was significant for optimizing the land-use structure, promoting the efficient use of land resources and ecological environment in the Gansu section of the Yellow River Basin.

A Paradigm Shift towards Environmental Responsibility in Sustainable Green Tourism and Hospitality

The demand for various cultural experiences and easier access to travel has driven the exponential rise of the global tourism and hospitality industries in recent decades. However, the increased tourism has sparked worries about how it would affect the environment which led to a paradigm change in favour of sustainable methods. The phrase "green tourism" describes a collection of behaviors designed to reduce the adverse effects of tourism-related activities on the environment, society, and culture. This entails implementing eco-friendly programs, encouraging conservation, and cultivating community involvement. Similarly, green hospitality emphasizes eco-friendly procedures in lodging establishments, promoting waste minimization, energy efficiency, and ethical sourcing. The carbon footprint of travel is one of the main issues that green tourism and hospitality attempt to address. With the assistance of carbon offset programs and the promotion of environmentally friendly transportation options, like electric vehicles, the sector is coming to understand the significance of lowering greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, the implementation of sustainable building designs, energy-efficient technologies, and renewable energy sources in hospitality facilities helps to reduce their overall environmental effect. An additional crucial component of green tourism is water conservation. Water-saving methods, like low-flow fixtures and effective irrigation systems, are being implemented by accommodations to reduce water usage and safeguard nearby ecosystems. Waste management is essential to reaching sustainability targets in the tourism and hospitality industries. There is a growing movement to reduce the use of single-use plastics, encourage recycling, and establish composting techniques. Establishments promote the circular economy and lessen environmental deterioration by encouraging guests to dispose of waste responsibly. The effectiveness of projects aimed at promoting green tourism depends on community involvement. Forming alliances with nearby communities guarantees equitable distribution of economic gains and promotes a sense of collective accountability for environmental preservation. Moreover, maintaining the uniqueness of sites is aided by fostering cultural sensitivity and respect for local knowledge. To sum up, green tourism and hospitality mark a significant turn in the direction of a more responsible and sustainable sector. The tourist and hospitality industry may make a substantial contribution to environmental preservation by implementing eco-friendly practices, reducing carbon footprints, preserving water resources, handling waste responsibly, and interacting with local people.

Shallow groundwater quality and health risk assessment of fluoride and arsenic in Northwestern Jiangsu Province, China

Assessing groundwater quality is critical to regional water resource conservation and human health safety, especially in areas with co-existence of toxic constituents fluoride (F−) and arsenic (As). In this study, fourteen groundwater samples were collected in Feng County, Northwestern Jiangsu Province to identify dominant contaminants and their spatial distribution and health risk. The composition and variation characteristics of major ions (K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl−, SO42−, HCO3−, and NO3−) and trace elements (F−, As, and Mn) were analyzed. The hydrochemical results revealed that high F− groundwater was mainly distributed in the northern areas whereas As-riched groundwater was primarily distributed in southern areas. Notably, over 85.7% and 21.4% of the shallow groundwater samples exceeded the drinking water quality standard of 1.5 mg/L for F− and 10 µg/L for As, respectively. Based on the water quality index (WQI) appraisal result, 71.4% of the groundwater in the study area is classified as “poor”, and thus unsuitable for drinking directly. We assessed the human non-carcinogenic health risk of F− (HQFluoride) and As (HQArsenic) and the carcinogenic health risk of As (CRArsenic). The calculated hazard quotient (HQ) for F− indicated nearly all groundwater samples have an unacceptable risk (HQ > 1) for each age group. However, HQArsenic values revealed that 28.6%, 21.4%, 21.4%, and 21.4% of groundwater samples posed potential non-carcinogenic health risks for infants, children, females, and males, respectively. The calculated results of CRArsenic showed that 0%, 21.4%, 28.6%, and 28.6% of groundwater samples posed unacceptable health risks (CR > 1.0 × 10−4) to infants, children, females, and males, respectively. The groundwater irrigation suitability assessment results showed that 21.4% of samples were doubtful to unsuitable for irrigation, and 85.7% owed magnesium hazards. The findings of this study will assist policymakers in formulating proper remedial policies and mitigation strategies to ensure the safety of drinking and irrigation water.

Sector-Level Inter-Provincial Virtual Water Trade in China: Implications for Regional Water Stress

China faces severe water resource shortages due to the uneven distribution of water resources and ever-increasing water demand driven by rapid industrialization and urbanization. The virtual water trade (VWT) is a potential solution to conserve water resources by transferring water from water-abundant/water-productive regions to water-scarce/less water-productive regions. Based on the inter-provincial input-output model, the provincial VWT of China was estimated at the sectoral level. The relationship of VWT with water resources in 30 provinces was analyzed in relation to the water stress index (WSI). It was found that (1) total inter-provincial VW trade showed a downward trend during the study period, with 363.91 km3 in 2002, 283.72 km3 in 2007, and 285.23 km3 in 2012. Overall, the primary industry dominated the VWT for most provinces. (2) China’s virtual water flowed from the relatively underdeveloped central and western regions to the east with a relatively developed economy from the inter-provincial level. This trend became increasingly prominent. (3) In many instances, VW was transferred from water-poor to water-rich areas. These results imply that China needs to improve its water use efficiency and optimize its regional industrial structure. Additionally, establishing an ecological compensation mechanism is considered a valuable measure for China to alleviate regional water resource pressure.

Improving prediction accuracy of CSM-CERES-Wheat model for water and nitrogen response using a modified Penman-Monteith equation in a semi-arid region

Context or problemThe implementation of crop models for water and nitrogen management are important in preserving water resources and reducing groundwater pollution. The Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) is a collection of field-scale process-based crop models that simulate crop growth and yield in response to water and nitrogen management as well as many other factors. Objective or research questionThe objective of this study was to improve the simulation of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer effects on growth and yield of winter wheat using locally modified Penman-Monteith (PM) equation. Specifically, we focused on improving the estimation of ETo using a locally modified Penman-Monteith (PM) equation in the CSM-CERES-Wheat model. MethodsField measured data from a two-year experiment (2009–2010 and 2010–2011) in a semi-arid region were used to calibrate and evaluate the CSM-CERES-Wheat model in a region with strong advective condition. In this experiment, the irrigation treatments were 1.2, 1.0, 0.8, 0.5 times by full irrigation requirements and rain-fed, and nitrogen treatments were 0, 46, 92, and 136 kg N ha−1. ResultsUsing the CSM-CERES-Wheat model with the unmodified PM equation resulted in some growth variables such as: aboveground dry matter, grain yield, and grain nitrogen uptake with high normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) of 0.51, 0.35, and 0.32, respectively. However, using the modified PM equation for ETo module under semi-arid condition improved the soil water content estimation and the model outputs, such as the above ground dry matter, grain yield and grain nitrogen uptake with NRMSE of 0.2, 0.15 and 0.16, respectively, that are accurate. This modification provided more accurate estimations, particularly in our experimental site in semi-aid region with strong advective conditions. ConclusionsThe findings of this study indicated that the locally modified PM equation in the CSM-CERES-Wheat model enhanced the accuracy of estimating irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on the growth and yield of winter wheat. By improving the estimation of ETo value, the model's performance in simulating crop responses to water and nitrogen management was significantly enhanced. Implications or significanceThe utilization of the accurately estimated ETo value of the modified PM equation has significant importance in the practical application of the CSM-CERES-Wheat model. Furthermore, this modification greatly enhances the accuracy of model outputs, particularly at our experimental site located in a semi-arid region with robust advective conditions.

Proposal for a tiered regulatory framework for the aquatic risk assessment of pesticides in Brazil

AbstractAquatic risk assessment is essential to guarantee the sustainable use of pesticides and the conservation of water resources near agricultural fields. This article discusses a proposal for a tiered regulatory framework for the aquatic risk assessment of pesticides in Brazil. The first step is problem formulation, which includes establishing general and specific protection goals. In the exposure assessment, the Estimated Environmental Concentrations in water should be calculated based on realistic worst‐case assumptions regarding application rate and frequency, the entry into the edge‐of‐field water body, and fate in the water body, using scenario‐dependent models suggested by the Brazilian Environmental Agency. These calculations can be refined by including Efate studies with variable exposures to reflect realistic environmental conditions accurately and include mitigation measures that impact the modeling. In the hazard assessment, ecotoxicological data for toxicity to fish, aquatic invertebrates, algae, and aquatic plants should be required for all pesticides based on standardized protocols and species. Tier 2 has several refinement options, including incorporating toxicity data from additional test species and effect modeling. In Tier 3, population‐ and community‐level effects are evaluated using semi‐field studies. Considering the case study in Brazil, Tier 1 demonstrated that, from the 12 pesticides that were assessed, seven (58%) failed based on the value of the Risk Quotient. In Tier 2, when exposure refinement options and mitigation measures such as buffer zones are considered, all seven pesticides, for which Tier 1 indicated risk, still failed the assessment. The risk for four of these seven pesticides could be refined by considering toxicity information from additional species. Refinement options and mitigation measures that could be applied to the agricultural scenario in Brazil were discussed. In conclusion, the proposed tiered risk assessment is a feasible way to evaluate whether a pesticide will pose an unacceptable risk to aquatic organisms. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;00:1–15. © 2024 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).

High sensitivity of hop plants (Humulus lupulus L.) to limited soil water availability: the role of stomata regulation and xylem vulnerability to embolism

AbstractDrought poses a serious threat to the productivity of hop, an important perennial crop. However, the precise physiological mechanisms that make it highly susceptible to drought are not yet fully understood. In this study, we investigated stomatal regulation and xylem vulnerability to embolism, which are important traits closely associated with plant drought resistance. In a glasshouse cultivation experiment, we monitored changes in leaf water potential, stem elongation rates, and leaf gas exchange, including net photosynthetic rates, stomatal conductance, and intrinsic water use efficiency, on relatively young hop plants (traditional Saaz - Osvald’s clone 31) exposed to declining soil water availability. The transpiration rate and stem elongation of plants decreased significantly with a small decline in substrate water potential (ΨSUB), indicating a highly sensitive stomata response during early phases of soil dehydration. The stem elongation was completely halted, and the transpiration rate dropped to less than 50% of its maximum at ΨSUB levels below − 0.8 MPa. In well-watered hop plants, xylem in stems operates near the initial point of embolization and is highly vulnerable to embolism, with a water potential corresponding to a 50% loss of xylem conductivity at -1.6 MPa. The sensitive stomatal response to declining ΨSUB likely helps to mitigate the risk of hydraulic failure, albeit at the cost of impaired growth. Scheduled irrigation, particularly during the sensitive stem elongation stage, may be a promising approach to mitigate the detrimental effects of reduced soil water availability on hop growth and yield while also conserving water resources.

Adding Machine-Learning Functionality to Real Equipment for Water Preservation: An Evaluation Case Study in Higher Education

Considering that the fusion of education and technology has delivered encouraging outcomes, things are becoming more challenging for higher education as students seek experiences that bridge the gap between theory and their future professional roles. Giving priority to the above issue, this study presents methods and results from activities assisting engineering students to utilize recent machine-learning techniques for tackling the challenge of water resource preservation. Cost-effective, innovative hardware and software components were incorporated for monitoring the proper operation of the corresponding agricultural equipment (such as electric pumps or water taps), and suitable educational activities were developed involving students of agricultural engineering. According to the evaluation part of the study being presented, the implementation of a machine-learning system with sufficient performance is feasible, while the outcomes derived from its educational application are significant, as they acquaint engineering students with emerging technologies entering the scene and improve their capacity for innovation and cooperation. The study demonstrates how emerging technologies, such as IoT, ML, and the newest edge-AI techniques can be utilized in the agricultural industry for the development of sustainable agricultural practices. This aims to preserve natural resources such as water, increase productivity, and create new jobs for technologically efficient personnel.

Hydrochemical characterisation of a landslide prone area, South Western Ghats, India

ABSTRACT This study focuses on the Manimala River Basin (MMRB) situated in the Western Ghats region of Kerala, which has been significantly affected by landslides. The water quality in the MMRB is likely to be impacted by heavy rainfall and the resulting debris flows. A comprehensive analysis was conducted for 157 water samples collected from the MMRB, with an objective to evaluate the hydrogeological conditions and estimation of 23 physico-chemical parameters to determine the water quality. Pearson’s correlation matrix for geochemical data was performed to investigate the relationships among physical and chemical parameters, and various ions in the MMRB. The present study also aimed to identify the dominant geochemical facies present in the water samples and determine the geochemical processes responsible for modifying the hydrochemistry. The results revealed that elevated concentrations of Ca2+ and SO4 2- ions, which exert influence on the hydrochemistry of the region. Moreover, we utilized a fuzzy logic tool to categorize the water samples based on a water quality index, which indicated that approximately 92% of the MMRB samples are suitable for human consumption. This study offers valuable insights into the interplay of geochemical factors and water quality assessment, contributing to effective strategies for water resource management and conservation.

Conservation of Water Resources in a Botanic Garden

Water-resource challenges, encompassing both quality and quantity, pose significant threats to Florida’s ecosystems, especially in the face of climate change, rising sea levels, and rapid urbanization. This paper explores the innovative stormwater-management system implemented at Naples Botanical Garden as a model for addressing these challenges. The Garden’s approach, treating stormwater as a valuable resource, involves dry and wet retention areas, created lakes, and a unique River of Grass, mimicking natural ecosystems. This system not only mitigates flooding, but also effectively removes pollutants, recharges the aquifer, and provides a habitat for diverse wildlife. The paper emphasizes the economic, environmental, and social impacts of traditional stormwater-management practices in Florida. Naples Botanical Garden’s case serves as a guide for botanical gardens and zoos globally, showcasing the pivotal role these institutions can play in sustainable water-resource management. The collaborative design process involving landscape architects, engineers, and horticulturists ensures a holistic and aesthetically pleasing approach to stormwater management. The paper underscores the role of botanical gardens in promoting nature-based solutions, educating the public, and offering tangible steps for implementing similar systems worldwide. It can help guide regional adaptation strategies to manage stormwater as a resource.

Plant Watering System Using ESP8266

Efficient water management is crucial for sustaining healthy plant growth, especially in environmentsprone to drought or excessive moisture. This paper presents a novel plant watering system designed to optimize water usage while ensuring adequate hydration for plants. The system incorporates sensors to measure soil moisture levelsand environmental conditions, such as temperature and humidity, enabling real-time monitoring and responsive watering. Utilizing a microcontroller-based control unit, the system autonomously regulates watering intervals and durations based on preset thresholds and plant specific requirements. By employing drip irrigation technology, water is delivered directly to the root zone, minimizing waste and promoting efficient absorption. Experimental results demonstrate the system's effectiveness in maintaining optimal soil moisture levels, fostering plant health, and conserving water resources. This innovative approach offers a sustainable solution for automated plant care, suitable for both indoor and outdoor cultivation environments.

Methylene Blue Removal on Biodegradable Adsorptive Membranes Fabricated From Sugarcane Bagasse Pulp: Characterization and Performance Study

AbstractDye‐containing waste should be carefully treated using environmentally friendly technology to prevent environmental harm and preserve water resources. Adsorptive membranes are a promising new approach for decreasing, recovering, and reusing waste while also removing contaminants like dyes. In this work, two different techniques are employed to create membranes using sugarcane bagasse pulp and carbon from charcoal. In the first technique, the surface of sugarcane bagasse is coated with charcoal paste as shown in Figure 1, while in the second, the carbon is combined with sugarcane bagasse pulp particles before being formed into sheets. It is discovered that the manufactured membranes has micron‐sized pores. It is discovered that the mixed‐fabricated membrane has a 99.4% better efficiency than the coated one. The membranes' surfaces are characterized using FTIR and SEM analysis.

Іntensification of ion exchange processes in water supply systems

In today's environment, special attention is paid to various methods of intensifying natural and wastewater treatment processes, improving existing treatment technologies, and introducing new methods and techniques to improve the quality of wastewater treatment and reduce the anthropogenic impact on the ecosystem. It is important to take into account not only the effectiveness of cleaning, but also its environmental friendliness and compliance with modern standards and requirements for environmental protection. This approach helps to ensure the sustainability of ecosystems and preservation of water resources for future generations. The article highlights the issues related to the use of physical methods of water treatment in water supply systems. To intensify the processes of ion exchange in water supply systems, a method of adjusting the mineral composition of natural and waste water using modified ion exchangers is proposed, which involves the simultaneous action of a magnetic field on the ion exchanger and the water to be treated. The use of magnetic modification of ion exchangers allows to increase the productivity of water treatment facilities by an average of 25-30%, with the receipt of filtrate of the required quality, to increase the duration of the filter cycle, to reduce the consumption of regenerative solutions, which indicates an increase in the efficiency of water treatment as a result of the use of magnetic modification. An increase in the dynamic volume capacity of ion exchangers by 15-20% was found, which indicates an improvement in ion exchange capacity due to the intensification of ion exchange processes in water supply systems. The intensification of ion exchange processes during the adjustment of the mineral composition of natural and wastewater using a magnetic field is determined by the following main factors: the effect of the magnetic field on the structure and properties of water filtered through the ionite and the effect of the magnet field on the activity and mobility of the exchanged ions, their diffusion and hydration, ion-exchange equilibrium, and other factors.

ASSESSMENT OF FORMATION SOURCES OF WATER BODIES

The article presents results on the utilization of stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes to understand the origin and dynamics of water resou8rces especially ground waters. Research involved sampling from test boreholes and gauging stations, laboratory research into the ratio of stable isotopes and a chemical analysis. Results showed that stable isotopes may change depending on a season, which indicates that a source of water supply also changes over time. Research also addressed the impact of evaporation processes on water bodies. Results provide valuable information to efficiently manage and preserve water resources in the region.

POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF INTEGRATED URBAN WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT (IUWRM) IN SEMARANG CITY INDONESIA

Purpose: This study aims to find out the aspects of politics and economics of integrated urban water resources management in Semarang City and their impact on the practices of qualities of water resources management. Methods: This research used the qualitative method and field research approach. The focus data are the regulation and the implementation of water resources management in Semarang City Indonesia. The data was drawn from documents and interview with some resource persons. Results and Conclusion: The study found that the city government, which should carry out the function of conserving water resources, actually polluted the Kaligarang River through one of its institutions: Local Water Drinking Company, “Tirta Moedal”. This company disposes of waste sludge containing aluminum metal directly into the river without any treatment processes that impacted in pollution in the river and causing siltation of the river downstream. Research implications: the enactment of the comprehensive and integrated water resources management will has a positive impact on the practices of water resources management in Semarang specifically and Indonesia and even world countries generally. The implementation of comprehensive and integrated water resources management will also support the achievement of the sustainable development Goal. Originality/value: Semarang City government must be supported to arrange a comprehensive and integrated water resources management (WRM) policy. There must be a clear legal law for the water resources management.

Non-inferior solutions for virtual water strategies: Model development and a case study in northern China

Despite the effectiveness of virtual water strategies for water resource conservation, this approach has not yet been widely adopted in real-world water resource management. One major reason is that previous research on this approach emphasized its water conservation effects, but understated its economic impacts. In the present study, we combined a computable general equilibrium model with Pareto optimality analysis to establish an analytical framework. This framework can help planners to quantify the trade-offs between water resource conservation and economic development, and identify non-inferior solutions for virtual water strategies. We used the Luanhe River Basin as a case study, and considered three strategy sub-modes (promote-imports, limit-production, and dual-policy) and five water-intensive agricultural sub-sectors (cotton, oilseeds, melons and fruits, grains, and vegetables). We found that although the virtual water strategy can improve water conservation, it has negative effects on economic development; compared with the promote-imports modes, the limit-production and dual-policy modes were non-inferior choices; cotton was an inferior agricultural sub-sector to implement the virtual water strategy.

Water Trash Collector

Water Trash Collector

Exploring the potential of microbial biomass and microbial extracted oils in tribology: a sustainable frontier for environmentally acceptable lubricants

ABSTRACT Mineral oil-derived lubricants, extracted from fossil fuels, account for approximately 90% of the lubricant market. A large proportion of these lubricants end up in the environment through usage, spillage, and disposal, leading to contamination of aquatic systems, ecosystems, and agricultural lands. To address this, new regulations were released (e.g. Vessel General Permit 2013) to promote the use of Environmentally Acceptable Lubricants (EALs) over conventional, toxic, non-biodegradable mineral oils. Today, the range of EAL is limited, particularly affecting the maritime sector. Since 2013, the variety and effectiveness of EALs have improved, but further advancements and cost reductions are essential. This study focuses on developing sustainable bio-based additives from microbial processes to enhance EALs. These additives, sourced through fermentation, avoid using fossil fuels and do not require arable land, preserving water resources and food production areas. The research reveals that yeast, high in sulfur and phosphorus, and microbial oils, mainly carboxylic acids, effectively stabilize EAL formulations, reducing friction and wear in water-based lubricants. Microbial oils are superior in reducing friction, while yeast offers better wear protection. This study opens the possibility of incorporating various bio-based products into EALs, providing a sustainable, environmentally friendly option.