Groundwater Conservation Research Articles

Integrated Electrocoagulation, Ultrafiltration, Membrane Distillation, and Crystallization for Treating Produced Water.

Produced water (PW) generated from hydraulic fracturing operations was treated using an integrated electrocoagulation, ultrafiltration, membrane distillation, and crystallization process (EC UF MDC). The aim was to determine the viability of this integrated process for maximizing water recovery. The results obtained here indicate that optimizing the various unit operations could lead to increased recovery of PW. Membrane fouling limits all membrane separation processes. A pretreatment step to suppress fouling is essential. Here, removal of total suspended solids (TSS) and total organic carbon (TOC) was achieved by electrocoagulation (EC) followed by ultrafiltration (UF). The hydrophobic membrane used in membrane distillation may be fouled by dissolved organic compounds. Reducing membrane fouling is essential to increase the long-term durability of the membrane distillation (MD) system. In addition, combining membrane distillation with crystallization (MDC) can help reduce scale formation. By inducing crystallization in the feed tank, scale formation on the MD membrane was suppressed. The integrated EC UF MDC process can impact Water Resources/Oil & Gas Companies. Conservation of surface and groundwater is possible by treating and reusing PW. Additionally, treating PW reduces the amount of PW disposed in Class II disposal wells and promotes more environmentally sustainable operations.

ANALISA PERBANDINGAN KEKERASAN PAVING DENGAN CAMPURAN ABU BATU DAN PASIR

Paving block is an environmentally friendly construction where paving blocks are very good at helping groundwater conservation, implementation is faster, easy to install and maintain, has a variety of forms that add aesthetic value, and the price is easy to reach. Therefore, paving blocks are an important building material in the construction of public facilities, especially for road construction in residential areas. The use of paving blocks in the field is still limited to parking lot pavements, sidewalks, parks and connecting buildings. Even though the application of paving block materials is very wide. However, of course, local experience and the successful use of paving blocks will play more and more influence in terms of the application of these materials. Stone ash in this study was used as a substitute for natural fine aggregate (natural sand) with the proportions of 0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60%. To get the optimal compressive strength value, the researcher has the opinion of a combination of fine aggregate of natural sand and rock ash waste with the appropriate percentage. And tested with mortar age of 14 days and 28 days. In the study, the volume weight test of paving blocks with the addition of stone ash waste obtained the highest compressive strength at a variation of 45% for the test at the age of 14 days and 28 days, with the compression test for 14 days reaching a compressive strength of 100.92 kg/cm2 and for the compressive test 28 day reached a compressive strength of 160.28 kg/cm2.

Analisis Pola Aliran dan Kuantitas Air Tanah Dangkal di Kota Madiun

<p><em>The increasing physical development and decreasing water infiltration areas have led to a reduction in groundwater reserves. Groundwater is experiencing a decline both in quantity and quality over time. The rising demand for water is inversely proportional to the diminishing availability of water in terms of quality. This situation also implicates a decrease in the quantity of groundwater. Integrated protection and management efforts must be carried out from upstream to downstream, one of which can be achieved through groundwater conservation. Therefore, the aim of this research is to understand the shallow groundwater flow patterns in the city of Madiun. This study conducted an inventory, identification, and mapping of the area to determine the criticality of shallow groundwater in terms of quantity using the shallow groundwater flow pattern analysis method. The results of the analysis generally indicate that the direction of shallow groundwater flow in the city of Madiun, in the eastern areas of the Madiun River, flows from south to north, while in the western areas of the Madiun River, it flows from west to east, all ultimately leading towards the Madiun River.</em></p>

Unstructured-grid approach to develop high-fidelity groundwater model to understand groundwater flow and storage responses to excessive groundwater withdrawals in the Southern Hills aquifer system in southeastern Louisiana (USA)

Study regionThe Southern Hills aquifer system (SHAS) in the Louisiana Capital Area Groundwater Conservation District (CAGCD), USA. Study focusThe SHAS provides abundant groundwater for public and industrial supplies in the CAGCD. Groundwater depletion, saltwater intrusion, and land subsidence are potential concerns due to prolonged excessive groundwater withdrawals. This study develops a high-fidelity groundwater flow model utilizing a complex unstructured grid to investigate groundwater flow and storage responses to excessive groundwater withdrawals for the SHAS in the CAGCD. The groundwater model incorporates the Mississippi River alluvial aquifer down to the Miocene sands extending to depths around 1 km. New hydrological insightsGroundwater modeling results indicate large cones of depression in the Evangeline and Jasper formations in the Baton Rouge area due to prolonged groundwater withdrawals. Low-permeability faults are inferred by significant groundwater level difference across the faults. While local groundwater storage depletion in deeper aquifers is evident, overall estimated groundwater storage changes of the SHAS in the CAGCD are close to zero in the past two decades, indicating insignificant groundwater storage changes. This is attributed to dominant interactions between the major rivers and the shallower alluvial aquifer. In addition, the simulated groundwater storage changes exhibit patterns similar to those derived by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) model that has been used in evaluation of groundwater depletion in many regional studies.

Mental models of sustainable groundwater management among farmers in semi-arid regions of Maharashtra, India

Mental models are the dynamic, internal cognitive representations of people's interaction with the world. Such models can be used to gain insights into how humans structure their beliefs and actions about environmental issues. This research paper aims to understand the mental models of sustainable groundwater management among farmers in semi-arid regions of Maharashtra, India. Using a mixed method approach of qualitative interviews and systems mapping, we assess how past experiences with drought and water scarcity have influenced farmers' beliefs, perceptions, and actions and develop mental models that highlight the dynamic processes that guide farmer actions regarding groundwater use and management. We identify policy triggers that can nudge farmers toward sustainable groundwater management in the future. Our results reveal three key insights: i) Farmers who experience higher water scarcity have a higher desire for groundwater conservation and higher consciousness towards future groundwater sustainability, ii) Farmers' actions towards either increased groundwater extraction or conservation are shaped by complex social, environmental, and institutional dynamics rather than self-interested individual will, and iii) Supply-driven water policies and initiatives can lead to maladaptive outcomes such as an increase in groundwater extraction in the long run. Current water policies need a transformative shift from focusing on short-term groundwater supply to those that facilitate long-term sustainable groundwater management by influencing the norms, values, and behavior toward groundwater conservation. Future interventions that allow and encourage collective mobilization, enhanced ownership and participation, adequate training, financial resources, and decentralized management structures with enhanced accountability are likely to be more effective in developing long-term solutions for sustainable groundwater management.

The Critical Level Mapping of the Infiltration Area in the Northern Part of Banyumanik District, Semarang City, Central Java, Indonesia

This research was conducted in Semarang City, in the northern part of Banyumanik District, including six sub-districts: Srondol Wetan, Srondol Kulon, Sumurboto, Pedalangan, Tinjomoyo, and Ngesrep, to map the critical condition of infiltration zone in the research area. This research aims to map the critical level of the infiltration area in the research area that can be used as a reference in policymaking regarding groundwater conservation and disaster mitigation in the research area. The primary data used were soil and rock samples, with secondary data such as regional geological maps, land use maps, slope maps, and soil permeability maps used to support the primary data obtained in the field. The data were then processed using the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) method with parameters such as soil grain size, soil permeability, land use, lithology, slope, and density of geological structures. Based on the calculations, the research area could be divided into criticality classes of infiltration: Very Critical, Critical, Moderately Critical, Starting to be Critical, Naturally Normal, and Good.

Comparison of GIS-Based Intrinsic Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment Methods: DRASTIC and SINTACS

The possibility of contaminants percolating and diffusing into the groundwater system is referred to as groundwater vulnerability. When groundwater once gets polluted it is very difficult to process/clean it so, measures must be taken to assess the vulnerability of the groundwater for effective groundwater conservation and management planning. This study aims to evaluate and map the vulnerability of Raipur city using the SINTACS and DRASTIC models and to compare their effectiveness between them. To assess the hydrogeological setting and evaluate aquifer vulnerability, each model includes seven environmental parameters (aquifer hydrogeologic features, effective infiltration, topographic slope, soil media, water table depth, unsaturated conditions, and hydraulic conductivity). The parameter data sets are evaluated in a Geographical Information system (GIS) environment to get the vulnerability index (VI), the index is categorized into five classes that show low to high vulnerability. The area under the low class for DRASTIC and SINTACS is 26.14% and 20.34% respectively whereas for the highly vulnerable class it is 15.54% and 22.54% respectively of the total area. By comparing the 15-groundwater sample value of nitrate concentration on the two vulnerability maps it was found that the SINTACS method result was shown to be significantly associated with the nitrate concentration with an accuracy of 86.7 percent.

New Delhi Air Potentially Chokes from Groundwater Conservation Policies in Adjoining Regions

New Delhi Air Potentially Chokes from Groundwater Conservation Policies in Adjoining Regions

EVALUASI SKALA PRIORITAS KINERJA JARINGAN DRAINASE

Tasikmalaya City is one of the cities located in the southeastern part of West Java Province, included in 2 (two) watersheds, namely Citanduy and Ciwulan. The condition of the existing canal in the City of Tasikmalaya is still considered insufficient to accommodate the overflow of rainwater, so that many areas are still inundated. This study looks for the priority scale of thinking handling, knowing the performance of drainage in the selected location, and getting the concept of handling the drainage channel at the selected location. Channel channel priority scale using ANP software. Performance is reviewed based on discharge at 1, 2, and 5 years by using SWMM. The concept of improving the drainage system is carried out using two scenarios, namely increasing the dimensions of the channel and reducing the amount of air runoff by making infiltration wells. The results of the analysis show that the priority of channel repairs on Jl. HZ Mustofa. The channel capacity is based on the discharge of the 1 year return period there are 11 overflowing drainage channels, the 2 year return period there are 15 overflowing drainage channels and the 5 year return period there are 16 overflowing drainage channels from 43 drainage channels. The concept of canal management can be implemented, but there are land constraints. If the infiltration well is applied in accordance with the calculation results, the 1-year return discharge is reduced by 24.65%, the 2-year return period is reduced by 19.63%, and the 5-year return period is 18.18%. However, the use of infiltration wells is considered ineffective to reduce rainwater runoff, but has a positive impact on groundwater conservation.

Preliminary investigation of saline water intrusion (SWI) and submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) along the south-eastern coast of Andhra Pradesh, India, using groundwater dynamics, sea surface temperature and field water quality anomalies.

Intensive anthropogenic activities along the coastal plains of Andhra Pradesh (such as urbanisation, agriculture and aquaculture) rely extensively on coastal fresh groundwater resources that are pumped at unsustainable rates causing groundwater decline and water quality problems due to saline water intrusion. Hydrogeological studies are imperative to implement groundwater conservation strategies in coastal Andhra Pradesh, which is experiencing a severe freshwater shortage due to overexploitation and saline water intrusion as well as clean water loss through the aquifer system close to the coastal plains. An attempt is made in this study to demarcate the submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and saline water intrusion (SWI) zones adopting a three-tier validation system, i.e. groundwater dynamic, LANDSAT resultant sea surface temperature (SST) variance and site-specific water characteristics along the southeast coast of Andhra Pradesh, India. A total of 234 water samples (139 porewater, 31 groundwater and 64 seawater samples) were evaluated along ~ 450km southeast coastline of Andhra Pradesh. In situ porewater physio-chemical parameters, i.e. EC, TDS, pH, DO, temperature, and salinity, at every 1km except non-accessible areas and groundwater for every 5km were analysed and used for identification of SGD zones in the study area. The hydraulic gradient values vary from - 11 to 250m in post-monsoon and - 14 to 250m in pre-monsoon. And sea surface temperature anomaly for 2017, 2018 and 2019 varies between 21-39°C, 15-34°C and 20-39°C. Three districts out of the four districts studied (Krishna, Guntur and Nellore) were shown to be prone to SWI, whereas Prakasam district was susceptible for SGD. For the first time, this kind of preliminary study was carried out in the coastal Andhra Pradesh region, and it will serve as a basis for the meticulous analysis of the fresh and saline water mixing zones/process as well as to develop and manage the groundwater resources along the water-stressed coastal plains of Andhra Pradesh, India.

Effects of global climate change on the hydrological cycle and crop growth under heavily irrigated management – A comparison between CMIP5 and CMIP6

Quantifying the impact of global climate change on the water cycle and crop production is essential for water resource management and agricultural production planning. This study compared multiple GCM (General Circulation Model) projections of CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5) and CMIP6 and further used the selected GCMs to quantify the impact of future climate change on hydrology and crop production under intensive irrigation management in the North China Plain using an improved SWAT model (SWAT-MAD). Taylor’s skill score was used firstly to screen out six groups of GCMs with better simulation performance from 10 pairs of homologous GCMs of CMIP5 and CMIP6. The selected GCMs of CMIP5 and CMIP6 were further used to drive SWAT-MAD for a robust evaluation of climate change impacts. Results showed that during winter wheat growing season, average actual evapotranspiration (ETa) increased by 3%, 3%, 4%, and 5%, respectively, under 2041–2070 RCP4.5, 2041–2070 SSP2-4.5, 2041–2100 RCP4.5, and 2071–2100 SSP2-4.5 scenarios, compared to the historical period (1971–2000). During summer maize growing season, those changes in ETa were 4%, 2%, −0.2%, and −3%. Predicted future precipitation, air temperatures, and surface runoff could increase, while irrigation could decrease as precipitation increased. The dynamic patterns of leaf area index of winter wheat and summer maize indicated that there is a tendency for early emergence and maturity of both crops in the future, and the daily total biomass elevated with a corresponding increase in final yields. The highest increases in yields of winter wheat and summer maize were 18.9% and 16.7%. The findings not only contribute to enhancing the confidence of future projections using CMIP6 but also facilitate our understanding of the relative uncertainty of GCMs. This study provides technical and data support for pre-selections of GCMs and decision making in best management practices for groundwater conservation and agricultural production.

ANALISIS PEMETAAN ZONA KONSERVASI AIR TANAH DI PROVINSI SULAWESI SELATAN MENGGUNAKAN APLIKASI QGIS

This study is titled Mapping Analysis of Groundwater Conservation Zones in South Sulawesi Province Using QGIS Application. This study aims to digitize the map of groundwater conservation zones in 13 regencies/cities in South Sulawesi Province and to find out the division of groundwater conservation zones in 13 regencies / cities in South Sulawesi while calculating the area of each zone. The method used in this study is to use data processing methods, where secondary maps in jpeg form are digitized and then analyzed to obtain results in the form of zone division and area of each zone. From the results of research that has been obtained, there are 5 types of groundwater conservation zones, namely critical zones, rare zones, vulnerable zones, safe zones, and addition zones. In 13 regencies/cities in South Sulawesi Province the most extensive zone is a safe zone with an area of 818912.42 hectares. However, the second largest zone (59626,923 hectares) is a vulnerable zone where in this zone can no longer absorb properly. For this reason, there needs to be a preventive way to overcome the problem.

Analysis of the application of injection wells in the Undip Tembalang campus area as an effort to reduce drainage flow loads

Increased infrastructure development in the Undip Tembalang Campus Area causes an increase in the frequency of floods and inundation, as well as a decrease in groundwater availability Undip still uses groundwater wells as the primary source to meet clean water needs. One alternative to groundwater conservation is to inject rainwater using infiltration wells. The hydrology analysis was carried out using the EPA SWMM 5.2 software, while the hydraulic analysis was carried out by dredging the sediment along the channel. Calculation of planned infiltration wells is calculated according to SNI 03-2453-2002. The dimensions of this infiltration well are designed to be 1 m in diameter and 18 m deep. Based on the results of the analysis, it found that runoff in the Undip Campus Area was 66,467.97 litres/second. The calculation results show that the Undip Campus Area requires 1350 infiltration wells with a rainwater harvesting volume of 14148 m3. The total runoff that can be reduced using infiltration wells is 45,978.74 litres/second or 69% of the total runoff. This plan is hoped to be an alternative water source in the Undip Tembalang Campus Area.

Simulation-Optimization Modeling Techniques for Groundwater Management and Sustainability: A Critical Review

Recently, groundwater resources have been subjected to negative impacts from various natural and anthropogenic factors worldwide. Hence, great efforts have been conducted in the literature to find the best management strategies for protection against groundwater quantity shortage and aquifer material contamination. Simulation-optimization (S-O) modeling has been considered one of the most feasible options for groundwater management, providing high accuracy in understanding the complex real-world water issues. This review study aims at clarifying the concepts, techniques, and stepwise methodologies of both simulation models and optimization algorithms, in addition to the applications of the integrated S-O approach in solving groundwater problems. Besides, the linkages between applications of the S-O framework and sustainable development goals (SDGs) from quantity and quality perspectives are illustrated to show the expected beneficial outcomes for various socio-economic and environmental issues in different fields. Based on this review, conclusions are drawn that may be useful for future studies related to groundwater conservation, management, and planning.

Excavated farmland treated with plastic mulching as a strategy for groundwater conservation and the control of soil salinization

AbstractSoil salinization and water deficits in gully consolidation farmland including excavated farmland (EF) and sediment deposited farmland (SF) have become an increasing concern in the Loess Hilly region, China. However, the responses of different farmland types and tillage‐mulching practices on soil salt content (SSC) and water use efficiency (WUE) have not been widely studied in this region. Thus, we conducted a two‐year field experiment to assess the soil water content (SWC) and SSC and their effect on the spring maize yield and WUE under different tillage‐mulching practices in EF and SF. Eight treatments incorporating flat cropping without mulching (FC), ridge planting without mulching (RP), ridge cropping with straw mulching (SM), and ridge cropping with plastic mulching (PM) were applied to EF and SF plots, respectively. Our results indicated that the yield of spring maize was limited by SWC (p < 0.01). Although EF had a low yield of spring maize compared to SF, it had the highest WUE (p < 0.01), which was mainly due to the lower groundwater consumption. Meanwhile, the average SSC was significantly lower in EF than in SF (p < 0.01). PM had the highest SWC (14.9%) and significantly reduced the accumulation of SSC (−0.09 g kg−1), thereby improving spring maize yield (12,200 kg ha−1) and WUE (1.71 kg m−3) (p < 0.05). These results suggested that EF with PM is optimal for groundwater conservation, decreasing the risk of soil salinization, and improving WUE and maize yield in dryland agricultural areas.

Assessment of the vulnerability of groundwater to anthropogenic contaminants in Kasihan, Bantul, Yogyakarta special province, Indonesia

Groundwater contamination is a ubiquitous problem, especially in developing countries such as Indonesia. Groundwater vulnerability assessment is an effective tool that provides information about the status of groundwater and potential contaminants. This approach helps in groundwater conservation and management. This study conducted an intrinsic groundwater vulnerability assessment to anthropogenic contamination in Kasihan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This research delineated the spatial distribution of physicochemical properties of groundwater and analysed land-use patterns. This study was conducted based on Groundwater confinement, Overlying materials and Depth to groundwater table (GOD) method. The GOD method was applied to assess the intrinsic properties of the geology and hydrogeology of the study area. Secondary land use data were analysed using GIS software to determine major anthropogenic activities in the research area. Land use and cover analysis of the study area indicated a rapid development including settlement, agricultural and industrial facilities. Groundwater vulnerability assessment showed medium to high classes. These findings suggest a high probability of contamination at present and in the future. Thus, future researchers should assess the groundwater quality of Kasihan based on specific vulnerability using groundwater flow and mass transport modelling because the investigated area is highly susceptible to pollutants.

Quantifying the Impact of Lagged Hydrological Responses on the Effectiveness of Groundwater Conservation

AbstractMany irrigated agricultural areas seek to prolong the lifetime of their groundwater resources by reducing pumping. However, it is unclear how lagged responses, such as reduced groundwater recharge caused by more efficient irrigation, may impact the long‐term effectiveness of conservation initiatives. Here, we use a variably saturated, simplified surrogate groundwater model to: (a) analyze aquifer responses to pumping reductions, (b) quantify time lags between reductions and groundwater level responses, and (c) identify the physical controls on lagged responses. We explore a range of plausible model parameters for an area of the High Plains aquifer (USA) where stakeholder‐driven conservation has slowed groundwater depletion. We identify two types of lagged responses that reduce the long‐term effectiveness of groundwater conservation, recharge‐dominated and lateral‐flow‐dominated, with vertical hydraulic conductivity (KZ) the major controlling variable. When high KZ allows percolation to reach the aquifer, more efficient irrigation reduces groundwater recharge. By contrast, when low KZ impedes vertical flow, short term changes in recharge are negligible, but pumping reductions alter the lateral flow between the groundwater conservation area and the surrounding regions (lateral‐flow‐dominated response). For the modeled area, we found that a pumping reduction of 30% resulted in median usable lifetime extensions of 20 or 25 years, depending on the dominant lagged response mechanism (recharge‐ vs. lateral‐flow‐dominated). These estimates are far shorter than estimates that do not account for lagged responses. Results indicate that conservation‐based pumping reductions can extend aquifer lifetimes, but lagged responses can create a sizable difference between the initially perceived and actual long‐term effectiveness.

Water Resources of Western and Central Regions of India: Status, Issues and Strategies

One of the important events in the field of Geology especially Hydrology and Hydrogeology was jointly organized by Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune and Geological Society of India, Begaluru during 10th - 11th January 2019. The present event was associated with various brain storming sessions to pin-point the status, potentials, management issues and strategies, especially pertaining to the water resources of western and central regions of India covering the six major states, namely, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Madhya Pradesh and Chattisgarh. All these states have unique set up of geology, geomorphology, climatic diversities in addition to the well established hydrological and hydrogeological characteristics. This brain storming event was jointly organized to brought out the above mentioned special volume - 12 ( ix + 261 pages). This special volume has been grouped under the very explicit themes, defining i) Water resources of western and central regions of India: perspectives, ii) Resource potential and development and iii) Resource management and strategies: science and technology. The publication comprises in all 25 articles, covering mainly three themes. The first theme encompasses the volumetric data on entire reserves of water resources of western and central regions of India, under which the three research papers have been published. This theme clearly brings out that “India is the largest user of surface and groundwater across the globe and hence the challenges are equally complex”. Also, the schemes/policies to manage the both water resources should be site-specific because hydrological and hydrogeological set ups of the states like Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Madhya Pradesh and Chattisgarh are all together different. Hence, an integrated approach in the water resource management and their regulatory mechanism need to be given specific “vision” for the further future developments. The second theme appears to be very comprehensive by including all the states of western and central regions of India and apprehends the surface and groundwater resource potential of the states covered by these regions of India. The data-base of surface water as well as groundwater resources are discussed in detail from the states of Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh as well as Goa with their unique hydrological and hydrogeological distinctiveness. Some research papers attract the viewer's attention for their particular orientation in degradation of water quality due to sea water intrusions at the sites of coastal Maharashtra; water crisis in Gujarat; ground water quality worsening in parts of Rajasthan with emphasis on fluoride problems and the contamination potential of groundwater from Goa. In addition, the pragmatic approach of groundwater conservation and artificial recharge strategies in Madhya Pradesh has been very well dealt with! An overview of the data-base has also been supplied for the groundwater resources in some of the states as well as management issues and future strategies for sustainability have also been discussed in greater detail. The third theme has been based on the induction of science and technological edge for the water resource management and the strategies implemented in western and central parts of India. “Water resource management in India: a peep through ages” is a plausible rendition on ancient water resource management systems in India. The two other papers are interesting and very specific in their core premise, i) groundwater management at the interface of an aquifer and the community and ii) a case study from upper Nira River Basin for delineation of phreatic basaltic aquifers. Besides, two research papers make us to apprehend the heap of data-base from two neighbours, Gujarat and Rajasthan. Herein, the subjects like groundwater scenario, issues and management strategies have been argued, and also highlighted the quality issues (salinity, nitrate, fluoride), cropped out from the arid and semi arid Rajasthan. The authors have aptly tried to put their manuscripts very clearly with their research findings and field traverse recordings. This special volume accomplishes the integrated comprehensive outlook of hydrogeological settings of western and the central parts of India with immense data given through more than 140 figures and 110 tables. The authors' wide experience and the placing of the thematic approach for the research findings are the added merit of this special volume. I personally feel that this special volume is an ideal data-set for researchers, trainee hydrogeologists, NGOs and even the geo-scientists working in various organizations/ institutions dealing with hydrology/ hydrogeology. I congratulate both the authors for their contribution in aptly combining the “treasure” of ground water resource data as well as the Geological Society of India, Bengaluru for bringing out this volume in very praise worthy form.

ANALYSIS OF COMMUNITY KNOWLEDGE LEVEL ON THE UTILIZATION OF GROUNDWATER IN GAMPONG LENGKONG, LANGSA BARO DISTRICT

Groundwater is water in which this form of groundwater is found in the soil around our earth. Groundwater is also a source of clean water. Gampong Lengkong is a village located in Langsa Baro District, Langsa City. In general, the climate is hot and rainy, the hydrological conditions have a lot of storing aquifers, namely groundwater resources, so that this area appears many springs from small scale to large discharge scale which indicates the existence of groundwater sources. Community knowledge about the use of ground water is ground water that is not managed by the community properly. Exploitation of groundwater is one of the water that cannot be controlled properly so that the impact can have a negative impact on the ground water balance. Conservation is the community's need to have sufficient groundwater in the future. Groundwater management strategies need to be considered so that capacity in managing can have the main task in licensing the groundwater management strategy. This study aims to analyze the level of community knowledge about groundwater conditions, the level of community knowledge about the impact of groundwater exploitation, and analyze the level of community knowledge about groundwater conservation in Lengkong Village, Langsa Baro District.

PELATIHAN KONSERVASI AIR TANAH PADA KAWASAN TERBANGUN DI DAS WANGGU KOTA KENDARI SEBAGAI UPAYA PENCEGAHAN BANJIR

Kendari City is part of the Wanggu watershed, which is one of the cities that still has problems related to waterlogging and flooding. Based on historical data in the last 10 years, Kendari City is an area that floods occurs almost every year. Therefore, to deal with problems in the Wanggu watershed, especially in Kendari City, it is necessary to apply water conservation technology by applying biopore infiltration holes. The purpose of this community dedication is to conduct water conservation education for flood prevention to youth groups and the community through environmental care Action. The method used in groundwater conservation activities is a participatory approach through a pilot unit involving the youth group and the local community. This activity has succeeded in making biopori infiltration holes which are applied to places that are flooded when it rains. The making and installation of biopore infiltration holes was carried out to 15 points of standing water as a pilot. the performance of the installed biopori goes well and functions as it should. This process has been monitored at the stage of monitoring and evaluation activities during the process and after the implementation of the activities.