Consequences Of Smoking Research Articles

Clinical effect of carotid stenting on cognitive abilities - possible evaluation using candidates for biomarkers.

Micro- and macrovascular consequences of atherosclerosis, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, and smoking can affect neurotransmission and markers for neuronal activity. The potential direction and specifics are under study. It is also known that optimal control of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia in midlife may positively affect cognitive functioning later in life. However, the role of hemodynamically significant carotid stenoses in neuronal activity markers and cognitive functioning is still being debated. With the increased use of interventional treatment for extracranial carotid disease, the question of whether it might affect neuronal activity indicators and whether we can stop or even reverse the path of cognitive deterioration in patients with hemodynamically severe carotid stenoses naturally emerges. The existing state of knowledge provides us with ambiguous answers. We sought the literature for possible markers of neuronal activity that can explain any potential difference in cognitive outcomes and guide us in the assessment of patients throughout carotid stenting. The combination of biochemical markers for neuronal activity with neuropsychological assessment and neuroimaging may be important from practical point of view and may provide the answer to the question for the consequences of carotid stenting for long-term cognitive prognosis.

Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme (Stp) on Knowledge Regarding Cigarette Smoking and Its Selected Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders among College Students

Tobacco is an agricultural product derived from the leaves of several species of Nicotina Plants. When combined with nicotina tartrate, tobacco becomes one of the most commonly abused recreational drugs. Nicotine, a naturally occurring stimulant in tobacco, can be poisonous if taken in sufficiently high doses, which is not the amount of nicotine absorbed by tobacco use. Nicotine is an addictive substance that makes the use feel alert at first, then relaxed with continued use. Harmful health effects of smoking cigarettes are numerous. Dangers of smoking are well-known and can have serious detrimental effect on the quality of your life besides diseases. Teenagers are attracted by the smoke and the smoking style, which tempts them to smoke. Friends and colleagues also encourage non-smokers, to smoke just once. Among young people, the short-term health consequences of smoking include respiratory and non-respiratory effects. The results showed that the overall knowledge score before and after structured teaching programme it gives the clear picture of the pretest and posttest mean and standard deviation. It shows that Pre test mean is 18.20 and standard deviation is 17.49 whereas Post test mean is 33.28 and standard deviation is 16.40 at 0.05 levels of significance. Result shows the value of paired t- test which is 36.12 at 0.05 levels of Significance. This indicates that the structured teaching programme was effective in increasing the knowledge on cigarette smoking and its selected comorbid psychiatric disorders among college students.

EXAMINATION OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS' MOTIVATIONS TO PARTICIPATE IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

The purpose of this study is to examine at the elements that influence Idr University students' motivation to participate in physical exercise. This study enlisted the help of 300 students. The consequences of smoking, living status, and gender on university students' motivation to exercise were explored. The Motivation Scale to Participate in Physical Activity (MSPPA), which Tekkurşun and Cicioglu (2018) adapted into Turkish, was used to assess the learners' motivation to participate in physical activity. As a result, both female and male students in the research appear to be highly motivated to engage in physical exercise. It is recognised that environmental and individual variables influence both groups' engagement in physical exercise favorably. It was shown that students who live with their family and students who do not smoke are more motivated to engage in physical activity.

Tobacco smoking among higher medical education students is a real threat today

Annotation. With the help of Google forms, a questionnaire was conducted among applicants of medical institutions of higher education regarding the prevalence, duration, and preferences of types of alternative tobacco products, namely: National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya (VNMU), Lviv National Medical University named after D. Halytskyi (LNMU), Bukovyna State Medical University (BDMU), Kharkiv National Medical University (KHNMU), National Medical University named after O. O. Bogomolets (NMU), among the five medical higher education institutions of Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to identify the prevalence, duration, causes of smoking, and health threats as consequences of smoking among students of medical institutions of higher education in Ukraine. A content analysis of scientific sources of foreign scientists from many countries of the world regarding the spread of tobacco smoking among student youth in European countries was conducted based on PubMed I Google Scholar databases for the period 2008-2022. Based on the results of the questionnaire, it was determined and compared with the questionnaire of 2019. It was established that among the applicants of medical institutions of higher education I-VI courses – 69.8% (61.2% – in 2019) of students do not smoke, and 30.2% (38.8% – 2019) smoke. Out of them, 76.9% are feminine and 23.1% are masculine. The average age of starting smoking among respondents of medical institutions of higher education was 16 to 18 years old – 21.0%. They use such a bad habit to relieve stress, which accounts for 30.0% of women and 43.6% of men. Cigarettes are preferred by 40.0% of women and 20.0% of men; to cigarettes – by 25.0% of women and 23.3% of men (in 2019 – 48.6%); IQOS – 17.0% of persons of the female article and 6.7% of the persons of the male article; electronic cigarettes – 33.3% of men and 10.0% of women (in 2019 – 10.9%); hookah tobacco – 10.0% among men and 8.0% among women (21.5% in 2019). The solution to the problem of smoking among students of medical institutions of higher education can only be systematic educational measures of anti-nicotine propaganda.

Perceived Racial/Ethnic Discrimination and Smoking Outcome Expectancies among Adult Latinx Smokers Living in the United States

Background: Smoking-related health disparities are prevalent in the Latinx community in the United States (US). Although Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) are known to contribute to a myriad of health problems among the Latinx population, there is relatively limited work expressly aimed at elucidating SDoH among Latinx smokers. Perceived racial/ethnic discrimination is one SDoH construct that may be especially relevant to understanding smoking-related cognition for Latinx smokers in the US. Smoking outcome expectancies, reflecting beliefs about the consequences of smoking, are established cognitive processes that have been linked to the maintenance and relapse of smoking. The purpose of the present work is to investigate perceived racial/ethnic discrimination in relation to smoking outcome expectancies amongst Latinx smokers in the US. Method: Participants included 338 English-speaking Latinx adult daily cigarette smokers from the US (M age = 35.5 years; SD = 8.65; age range 18–61; 37.3% female). Results: Results indicated that perceived racial/ethnic discrimination was related to greater levels of negative reinforcement, positive reinforcement, and appetite-weight control expectancies, but not negative consequences expectancies. Discussion: Overall, the current findings provide novel insight into the relationship between perceived racial/ethnic discrimination and smoking outcome expectancies amongst English-speaking Latinx cigarette users in the US.

Assessment of Women's Knowledge of the Impact of Smoking During Pregnancy

Smoking affects women’s health and increases their risk for some diseases. Women who smoke have problems with the reproductive system, and if women are pregnant have a high risk for fetal, and neonatal problems and consequences on their health. Quitting smoking at any time during pregnancy improves the condition of mother and baby. This study aims to identify the level of knowledge women have about smoking and effects on pregnancy aged between 1545 years. This study is cross-sectional and was implemented for the period of August-November 2021 was conducted at UHOG “Queen Geraldine” Tirana, Albania. The survey included 200 pregnant women, who agreed to complete the questionnaire. Data were coded and elaborated using IBM SPSS Statistics 26 software. Descriptive results on each question, comparison between important topics, and binary logistic regression for the five final questions were performed. Nevertheless, 30% of the total women in the study were smokers, 16% of them were pregnant smokers, and 14% were smokers before pregnancy. The women who continued to smoke were from urban areas, we do not have heavy smokers, and only 2.9% of them smoked >10 cigarettes a day. Women with secondary education report that the chance of ectopic pregnancy from smoking increases OR = 0.73. As the weeks of pregnancy pass, the likelihood of discovering that smoking increases the risk of having a baby with birth defects (OR = 0.78) increases. There were women in the first pregnancy and younger age groups that represented the highest level of knowledge related to the birth of an underweight baby because of smoking p = 0.003. In 31.6% of cases, the cessation of smoking had come because of the nursing counseling that they had received in the primary service. The trend of smoking among Albanian women is growing and information on the consequences of smoking is a necessity for a healthy population in the future. Women who smoke need assistance and counseling to quit smoking before becoming pregnant. The role of health care professionals in informing women about the risks of smoking to the baby and the mother should be expanded.
 Keywords: pregnancy, knowledge, smoking, smoking cessation, counseling

Systematic review of intervention functions, theoretical constructs and cultural adaptations of school-based smoking prevention interventions in low-income and middle-income countries

ObjectiveTo identify the approaches and strategies used for ensuring cultural appropriateness, intervention functions and theoretical constructs of the effective and ineffective school-based smoking prevention interventions that were implemented in low-income...

Radiological Study on Smoke and Smokeless Tobacco: A Concise Review on Health Impacts Assessment

Smokers and users of smokeless tobacco are at risk for fatal illnesses. These could be brought on by the quantity of radioactive, carcinogenic, and harmful to living things, radioactive isotopes from the decay chain of uranium and thorium present. An extensive assessment of the health effects on users was deemed necessary due to the rising intake of both smoke and smokeless tobacco. Particularly, the use of smokeless tobacco has grown significantly as a result of its widespread availability and the false perception that it is less harmful than smoking. The epidemic of tobacco smoking in its many forms has been a serious worldwide health problem with far-reaching effects, and its myriad harmful effects on health have long been documented. In this study, radiological consequences of smoke and smokeless tobacco were researched in the literature for publications up to 2022. Research Gate, Pub Med, and Google Scholar are a few of the literature databases that were searched. The World Health Organization estimates that tobacco-related diseases caused over 8 million deaths in 2017 alone, and if current trends continue, it predicts that this number would rise to about 1 billion in the 21st century. Numerous studies have demonstrated a strong link between tobacco use and debilitating diseases like cancer, insulin resistance, hypertension, acute respiratory sickness, osteoporosis, etc. Increasing amounts of evidence, albeit still sparse, point to its potential role in negatively influencing reproductive capacity and outcomes in women of reproductive age. This article offers a current assessment of the literature on the harmful effects of smoking and using smokeless tobacco on both male and female reproductive health as well as the detrimental impacts on the unborn child. Data now available points to a connection between chronic tobacco use and ovarian shape and function deterioration, oocyte quality, hormonal disruptions, fetal development, and long-term health impacts on the fetus, the risks of smoke and smokeless tobacco products may be better understood as a result of a greater understanding of these issues. Most of the collected data showed that smoke and smokeless tobacco both had increased radioactivity.

Adolescents' Perceptions and Attitudes towards Traditional and Electronic Cigarettes-Results of Focus Group Interviews.

There is general agreement among scholars and policymakers that efforts to reduce smoking and prevent nicotine use should be intensified and focused on the most vulnerable part of society-adolescents. Regardless of common knowledge about the health consequences of smoking, according to data from 2020, about 51% of children in Poland had their first contact with smoking at the age of 15 and older. The objective of this research is to investigate motivations to start smoking or vaping, patterns of using tobacco products, perceptions of smoking/vaping and smokers/vapers, as well as attitudes toward nicotine addiction. The broad aim is to reflect on youth perceptions of nicotine use. A qualitative approach has been applied, utilising focus-group interviews. The sample included six focus groups, consisting of smokers and non-smokers of both genders, situated in three different cities in Poland. The interviewees were adolescents ages 16-18, attending high schools, technical schools, or vocational education. Interviews were transcribed and further analysed using the thematic analysis approach. This research enhances previously reported results by revealing new insights into the strategies applied by adolescents to mitigate financial barriers arising from high costs of nicotine products, as well as highlighting methods used to avoid the traditional antismoking messages placed on packaging.

Economic cost of cigarette smoking in Bosnia and Herzegovina

BackgroundCigarette use is one of the major risk factors for non-communicable diseases in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with 41.1% of adults being current smokers in 2019 and almost half of current...

The Impact of Smokers' Information-Seeking Behavior on Smoking Cessation.

Smoking has a harmful effect on human body and is rated to be the primary cause of preventable premature disease and death worldwide, while it is responsible for at least 25 life-threatening diseases. An empirical investigation has been carried out through the development and distribution of a structured questionnaire. The sample of empirical investigation consisted of 150 smokers aged over 18years (response rate 85.7%). Descriptive analysis and correlation control of questionnaire variables are used to report the findings of the study. Information about passive smoking, smoking consequences, and current therapies in quitting smoking were rated highest among smoke-related information needs. The main sources of information were family/relatives/friends/colleagues and Internet and less important factors were formal sources like medical staff, health professionals, and primary health care services. Ε-health literacy is correlated with higher self-efficacy, positive intention to quit smoking, and better educational level while is negatively correlated with increasing age. The creation of specialized programs and upgraded information services is fundamental for successful smoking cessation. These programs and services should be addressed to all socioeconomic groups and combined with the improvement in smokers' e-health literacy will contribute to a higher self-efficacy and finally drive them to quit smoking.

Illuminating a Path Forward for Tobacco Nation: Projected Impacts of Recommended Policies on Geographic Disparities.

This study quantifies the impacts of strengthening 2 tobacco control policies in "Tobacco Nation," a region of the United States (U.S.) with persistently higher smoking rates and weaker tobacco control policies than the rest of the US, despite high levels of support for tobacco control policies. We used a microsimulation model, ModelHealthTM:Tobacco, to project smoking-attributable (SA) outcomes in Tobacco Nation states and the U.S. from 2022 to 2041 under 2 scenarios: (1) no policy change and (2) a simultaneous increase in cigarette taxes by $1.50 and in tobacco control expenditures to the CDC-recommended level for each state. The simulation uses state-specific data to simulate changes in cigarette smoking as individuals age and the health and economic consequences of current or former smoking. We simulated 500 000 individuals for each Tobacco Nation state and the U.S. overall, representative of each population. Over the next 20years, without policy changes, disparities in cigarette smoking will persist between Tobacco Nation and other U.S. states. However, compared to a scenario with no policy change, the simulated policies would lead to a 3.5% greater reduction in adult smoking prevalence, 2361 fewer SA deaths per million persons, and $334M saved in healthcare expenditures per million persons in Tobacco Nation. State-level findings demonstrate similar impacts. The simulations indicate that the simulated policies could substantially reduce cigarette smoking disparities between Tobacco Nation and other U.S. states. These findings can inform tobacco control advocacy and policy efforts to advance policies that align with evidence and Tobacco Nation residents' wishes.

Attitudes about Cigarette Smoking, Perceived Consequences of Smoking, and Seeking Assistance with Cessation among Black and White Cigarette Smokers: A Qualitative Study.

Research has identified significant racial differences in cigarette smoking behavior, associated disease risk, likelihood of cessation, and mortality from smoking-related diseases. The current study assessed, via qualitative narrative analysis, racial differences in participants' motivations for smoking, perceived consequences of smoking, and how participants deal with cravings/withdrawal, as well as thoughts and feelings about quitting, seeking assistance with quitting, and the importance of social support in quitting. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 11 Black and 11 White cigarette smokers. Data were analyzed using the Thematic Networks Analysis process, which entailed coding the data and constructing thematic networks by identifying basic and organizing themes. While there were no descriptive racial differences identified in participants' motivation for smoking or perceived consequences of smoking, differences existed between Blacks and Whites in terms of approaches in dealing with smoking cravings and withdrawal, perceived self-efficacy in controlling cravings, preferred methods of learning about and receiving smoking cessation assistance, and overall preference for receiving cessation-related support. Further investigation is needed into racial differences in methods to deal with cigarette cravings and withdrawal, preferences for receiving cessation information, and social support for cessation. This research will further develop our understanding of and ability to address factors underlying racial disparities in smoking behavior and cessation, as well as inform the development of future smoking cessation interventions.

THE IMPACT OF SMOKING ON DISEASES OF THE ORGANS AND SYSTEMS OF THE FEMALE BODY

Aim: To investigate the negative impact of tobacco smoking on women’s health. Materials and Methods: The research involved 100 women who visit beauty salons. The research was conducted in 2020-2022. Research methods: bibliosemantic method, method of system analysis and generalization, medical and sociological method (questionnaire), mathematical and statistical method. The survey was anonymous, conducted according to the authors’ questionnaire and carried out with the prior consent of all research participants. Results: The characteristics of modern tobacco products for women’s smoking, the negative impact of smoking tobacco products on the main systems of the body of women were summarized, the level of well-being of women in the process of smoking was found out and the negative consequences of smoking on their health were revealed, the signs of improvement of women’s health after their quitting smoking were characterized. Conclusions: The body of women is more susceptible to the toxic effects of tobacco, the impact of which leads to poisoning of their body and significant negative consequences for all systems and health in general. The female body is more favorable for the development of tobacco addiction. Women’s refusal to smoke makes it possible to reduce the risk of developing diseases and improve their health.

Patients' Views on Medical Events in Lung Cancer Screening as Teachable Moments for Smoking Behaviour Change: A Systematic Review and Metasynthesis.

Although medical events in lung cancer screening (LCS) such as receiving scan results or interactions with clinicians are recognised as teachable moments (TMs), the views of patients about why this is the case for smoking behaviour change remain uncertain. This systematic review and metasynthesis study is aimed at identifying the reasons why patients believed that medical events during LCS act as TMs for smoking behaviour change. A search strategy was developed for use with MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, CINAHL-P, Web of Science databases, and Google Scholar. This helped identify qualitative and mixed-method research which mentioned patients' views of how these TMs result in smoking behaviour change. After screening, final articles were critically appraised; general characteristics and data relevant to the aims were extracted to conduct a line-of-argument metasynthesis. After screening 695 papers, 11 were included. Undergoing LCS scans was seen to act on their intrinsic motivation to reduce smoking as it served as a "wake-up call" and increased awareness of the health consequences of smoking. Receiving positive or negative LCS results resulted in cessation as it was a "health scare" and challenged smoking habits. Interactions with clinicians addressed misconceptions and signposted them to specialist cessation services. Attendees believed that the following encouraged them to change their smoking behaviour: having an intrinsic motivation to quit, their beliefs on smoking and health reframed, their negative emotions appraised, and using LCS to access specialist support. In line with the TM heuristic, these experiences provided the necessary skills, confidence, and motivation to quit. Future research should explore whether the views of the clinicians match those of the attendees to address misconceptions and further develop clinical guidelines.

Smoking cessation economic benefits in a human capital approach: emerging evidence in Jordan

Background: Smoking is a major cause globally of morbidity and mortality hence life years lost, this issue manifested in 399 Million Jordanian dinars (JD)($562.3 million USD) lost yearly due to productivity lost as a consequence of smoking in Jordan1. It is no surprise that quitting smoking will reduce the loss in life years and hence productivity. In this study, using cohort simulation, we want to quantify the gains in productivity from smoking cessation aids usage for one course of smoking cessation aid varenicline or nicotine replacement therapy in comparison to physician counseling only without pharmacological therapy, in the population that intends to quit at a point of time, through campaigns nationwide, among the working-age population followed up until retirement. Methodology: We present a transparent, generic model based on accepted analytic methods that allow users to assess the present value of lifetime earnings gained (PVLE) in smokers who intend to quit. It is shown in previous studies that smoking cessation aids are cost-effective in Jordan (Madae’en et al. 2020), yet the benefit of using smoking cessation aids goes further to reduce productivity loss by reducing life years lost. Our model incorporates life-years gained from the Markov Model in Madae’en et al. (2020), simulation of Jordanian male smokers’ cohort in three scenarios of either using varenicline or nicotine replacement therapy or only physician consultation, to estimate life-years gained and hence reduction in lost productivity costs. Results: We found productivity loss was reduced in males who attempted to quit in their productive years. Using Varenicline, the researchers calculated the expected future payments (wages) count for years gained due to varenicline use for a wage average of 507 JDs ($714.5 USD) per month discounted by 8% for the rest of their productive life. As well as for the other two scenarios, the gained productivity from one course of varenicline to the male adults over 30 who intend to quit will reduce loss by more than 72 billion JDs ($101.42 billion USD) among the working-age population followed up until retirement. Conclusion: policy change must be approached to reimbursement of smoking cessation aid in the Jordanian formulary.

MOTIVATING CHANGE IN OLDER ADULTS: MOTIVATIONAL CIGARETTE SMOKING CESSATION MESSAGE TESTING

Abstract Cigarette smoking remains the leading preventable cause of death and disability in the U.S., resulting in ~480,000 deaths annually. Older adults who smoke bear a disproportionate weight of the health consequences of smoking, including cancer, mortality, and the greatest health-related fear of older adults: dementia. Compared to younger adults, older adults who smoke are half as likely to make a quit attempt, but more likely to stay quit using evidence-based treatments. Research suggests the increased risk of dementia among people who currently smoke may motivate adults ages >50 to quit smoking, particularly if given a clear/actionable strategy. Research also suggests Fear-based messages may perform differently than Hope-based messages. 820 adults (ages 50–80) without dementia who smoke, completed an online survey evaluating time-matched messages (randomly assigned between-subjects: Control Nf266, Fear of dementia Nf274, Hope from quitting Nf280) on motivation and intentions to quit smoking. Participants’ demographics were Mage=61.1 years (SD=7.4), 48.0% cisgender women, 66.6% White, 23.3% Black. Mann-Whitney U Tests were use to examine change scores for each variable due to non-normal distributions. Compared to control message (water ad), the Fear message showed greater increase in motivation to quit U(Ncontrol=266, Nfear=274)=30391, z=-3.33, p=.001. The Hope message did not differ from the control or Fear message (p’s>.05). Intention to quit did not differ between messages (p’s>.05). A Fear-based message highlighting that smoking increases the risk of developing dementia, motivated quitting more than a control message. Future work should examine the feasibility, acceptability, and behavioral impact of this motivational message in healthcare settings.

Does Risk Perception Endogenously Cause Smokers to Switch to Smoking Smuggled Cigarettes?

Risk perception is a crucial component in evaluating the rationality of smoking decisions, but there are few studies that have examined its effect on the smoking of smuggled cigarettes. The purpose of this article is to empirically investigate whether risk perceptions affect the smoking of smuggled cigarettes in Taiwan in the context of socio-economic status. Since risk perception may be endogenous with regard to smoking smuggled cigarettes, the endogenous switching model is utilised to evaluate the effect of risk perception in relation to the smoker’s being concerned with health risks and tobacco quality. Our empirical results indicate that smokers with higher degrees of risk perception are less likely to smoke smuggled cigarettes. In addition, the relevant characteristics of the socio-economic status of smokers, such as weekly cigarette expenditure, gender, age, and whether or not they reside in the southern region of Taiwan, are also statistically significant in terms of smoking smuggled cigarettes. Therefore, the public health authorities in Taiwan should actively broadcast information on the fatal consequences of smoking smuggled cigarettes, thereby enhancing the smoker’s risk perceptions in regard to smuggled cigarettes. JEL Classif ication: I12, I18, D81, C25

Consequence of smoking on hematological parameters in apparently healthy medical students

One of the greatest causes of death in the globe is tobacco cigarette smoking. Smoking affects hematological markers both acutely and chronically. The current study's objective was to evaluate the severity of the negative effects of cigarette smoking on biochemical traits in healthy smokers. This study included 280 participants, only 56 smokers and 100 non-smokers. They were smoking for three years, the smokers regularly smoked 10 to 20 cigarettes per day. The fully automatic hematological analyzer CELL-DYN 3700 examined the total number of blood cells. White blood cells (p0,001), hemoglobin (p=0,042), mean corpuscular volume (p=0,001), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (p0,001) were all considerably greater in the smokers. No other measured metrics varied considerably from one another. Red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin were all significantly higher (p0,001) in male smokers compared to female smokers after smoking cigarettes.: Our study concluded that smoking cigarettes continuously has severe negative effects on hematological variables, including hemoglobin, white blood cell count, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, red blood cell count, and hematocrit. These modifications may be linked to an increased risk of polycythemia vera, atherosclerosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and/or cardiovascular diseases.

Female University Students’ Experiences of Hookah Smoking: Cool Habit and Non-predictable Imminent Consequences and Risks

Background: There are debates on the risk and harm of Hookah smoking among university students. There is a dearth of studies describing students’ experiences, causative factors and consequences of Hookah smoking among female university students. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the experience of adopting Hookah smoking among female university students. Methods: A descriptive qualitative design was used for this study. A purposive sample of 14 female university students participated through face-toface interviews. Results: The study results included six main themes: Hookah smoking is cool and entertaining; attracting factors for Hookah smoking; Hookah smoking versus cigarette smoking; socio-cultural acceptance of female Hookah smoking; imminent hazardous consequences of Hookah smoking; strategies to combat Hookah smoking among female students. Conclusion: Hookah smoking has become culturally accepted by female university students. Serious attention and initiatives should be considered to enhance female internal awareness to prevent peer pressure to start Hookah smoking. This habit started at home, became accepted by parents and is now accepted in public places. Therefore, it is crucial to implement culturally competent interventions to combat Hookah smoking in private and public places. Implications for Nursing: Nurses and policy makers should address the triggering factors for increased Hookah smoking among adults. Nurses should use effective approaches for combating Hookah smoking in different community settings. Also, they should conduct and implement culturally competent preventive programs to combat Hookah smoking in different settings and among all age groups, specifically university and school students, and enhance their awareness. Additionally, it is significant to enforce legislations and policies for the prevention of Hookah smoking among adults. Keywords: Hookah, Smoking, Female, University, Students, Cigarettes.