Effects Of Global Warming Research Articles

The Interplay of Global Warming and Economic Dynamics: a Comprehensive Analysis

This research paper explores the intricate relationship between global warming and the global economy, aiming to provide a nuanced understanding of the multifaceted impact of climate change on economic structures. Utilizing live data from reputable sources, this study delves into the direct and indirect consequences of global warming on various sectors, assesses economic vulnerabilities, and offers insights into potential mitigation strategies. The escalating temperatures and shifting climate patterns associated with global warming have manifested in severe repercussions for industries worldwide

Spatiotemporal Variability Analysis of Glaciers in the Hindukush Region of Pakistan Using Remote Sensing Data

Headwater in the Indus River in Pakistan is largely dependent on the glaciers located in the northern part of the country, along with other sources such as direct precipitation. Glaciers are a major source of freshwater that provides agriculture and livelihood to millions of people. The hydro-climatic variations in the Gilgit watershed of the Upper Indus basin are poorly investigated scientifically due to high topographical differences, geography, remoteness of the region, and larger variations in climatic conditions. These glaciers are continuously changing due to melting as a consequence of global warming or accumulation due to snowfall/precipitation at higher altitude regions. The study is carried out using remote sensing data to quantify glacier changes in spatiotemporal variability in the past three decades. Five glaciers in the Gilgit region (near the junction of the Hindukush and Karakoram Mountains) with an area of more than 5 square kilometers were selected, namely Phakor, Karamber, East Gammu, Bhort, and Bad-e-Swat glaciers. These glaciers were monitored for changes in their sizes through a cloud-free continuous series of Landsat satellite imagery. The annual climatic trends were studied through spatially interpolated gridded climate data WοrldClim version-1 climate database for 1970–2000, utilized for assessment of meteorological condition by analyzing the variations of minimum and maximum temperature, solar radiation, and precipitation. The temporal variations in five glaciers in the Gilgit watershed are found to be minimal and, thus, are rather stable and show no sign of rapid melting or diminishing. The little variability of glaciers’ extent may be attributed to their geographic condition, altitude, topography, and orientation. The mapped glacier classes have been validated to check the accuracy assessment through an error matrix method. The kappa coefficient from the error matrix has been calculated as 84%, which shows a good agreement. The study makes a critical input towards understanding the dynamics of the glacier in the upper Indus catchment’s Gilgit watershed.

Spatial analysis of remote sensing and meteorological indices in a drought event in southwestern Spain

The effects of global warming and climate change are being felt through more extreme and prolonged periods of drought. Multiple meteorological indices are used to measure drought, but they require hydrometeorological data; however, other indices measured by remote sensing and used to quantify vegetation vigor can be correlated with the former. This study investigated the correlation between both index types by vegetation type and season. The correlations were also spatially modeled in a drought event in southwestern Spain. In addition, three maps with different levels of detail in terms of vegetation categorization were compared. The results generally showed that grassland was the most well correlated category between the SPEI and the FAPAR, LAI, and NDVI. This correlation was more pronounced in autumn and spring, which is when most changes in vegetation senescence and growth occur. The spatiotemporal analysis indicated a very similar behavior for grasslands grouped in an area indicated by the climate change adaptation maps as having a high evapotranspiration forecast. Finally, in a forest-based forecast analysis, the indices that best explained the performance of the SPEI were again FAPAR, LAI, and NDVI, with a lag of up to 20 days. Therefore, the results showed that remotely sensed indices are good indicators of drought status and can be variably explanatory of traditional drought indicators. Moreover, complementing the study with spatiotemporal analysis made it possible to detect areas particularly vulnerable to climate change.

Energy recovery from landfill gas emissions using a stepped piston segregated scavenge engine

Atmospheric landfill gas emissions present serious problems when trying to counter the effects of global warming. The main constituent of landfill gas is methane, a more damaging greenhouse gas than CO2. European Union directives require the control and collection of landfill gases and promote energy recovery via combustion of the gas. A key challenge for combustion of landfill gas is the highly corrosive nature of the gas constituents which causes heightened maintenance and failure of applied engine systems. Conventional engines suffer from the effects of corrosion; however, stepped piston engine technology has yet to be considered for operational use at landfill sites. The engine has inherent advantages for such an application when compared with current conventional engines. The engine allows improved lubricating oil health compared to conventional engines and hence reduced oil use. This study discusses the challenges along with modelling of stepped piston and equivalent four-stroke engine solutions.

Projecting future forest microclimate using a land surface model

The forest understory experiences temperature variations that are dampened compared to adjacent open areas, allowing the development of a forest microclimate and associated ecological conditions. It is however unclear to what extent forests will maintain this buffering effect under increasing global warming. Providing reliable projections of future forest microclimates is therefore crucial to anticipate climate change impacts on forest biodiversity, and to identify corresponding conservation strategies. Recent empirical studies suggest that the buffering of air temperature extremes in forest understory compared to open land could increase with global warming, albeit at a slower rate than macroclimate temperatures. Here, we investigate the trend of this temperature buffering effect in a high-emission global warming scenario, using the process-based Land Surface Model CLM5.1. We find biome-dependant buffering trends with strongest values in tropical forests where buffering increases for every degree of global warming by 0.1 ∘C for maximum soil temperature, and by 0.2 ∘C for maximum canopy air temperature. In boreal regions, forest microclimate exhibits a strong seasonality and the effect of global warming is more uncertain. Thus, our results highlight the importance of tropical forest canopies in particular, in maintaining hospitable conditions for understory species while increasing their climate debt under global warming. Our research also illustrates the potential and limitations of Land Surface Models to simulate forest microclimate, and calls for further collaborations between Earth system modelers and ecologists to jointly question climate and biosphere dynamics.

Soil nitrogen availability drives the response of soil microbial biomass to warming

Although soil microbial biomass responses to experimental warming have been extensively studied, the mechanisms through which elevated temperatures influence soil microbial biomass remain unclear. In this study, we performed a global meta-analysis to quantify the global pattern of soil microbial biomass in response to warming. Our findings suggest that global warming effect is not apparent when all the data are pooled together, while warming does increase microbial biomass under specific conditions (Δ°C ≥ 2 °C). This constructive influence is particularly accentuated under certain circumstances, including high precipitation levels (>800 mm), short treatment durations (<1 year), and within agricultural ecosystems. More importantly, our findings suggest that the impact of global warming on soil microbial biomass is largely mediated by changes in soil nitrogen availability. These findings underscore the pivotal role of nitrogen availability in modulating the response of soil microbial biomass to warming, while also emphasizing the intricate influence between multiple factors such as temperature, duration, and precipitation in shaping the patterns of warming effects.

The Effects of Global Warming on Agroclimatic Regions in China: Past and Future

The Effects of Global Warming on Agroclimatic Regions in China: Past and Future

The Impact of Climate Change and Extreme Weather Conditions on Cardiovascular Health and Acute Cardiovascular Diseases

Climate change is widely recognized as one of the most significant challenges facing our planet and human civilization. Human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, leading to a warming of the Earth’s climate. The relationship between climate change and cardiovascular (CV) health, mediated by air pollution and increased ambient temperatures, is complex and very heterogeneous. The main mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of CV disease at extreme temperatures involve several regulatory pathways, including temperature-sympathetic reactivity, the cold-activated renin-angiotensin system, dehydration, extreme temperature-induced electrolyte imbalances, and heat stroke-induced systemic inflammatory responses. The interplay of these mechanisms may vary based on individual factors, environmental conditions, and an overall health background. The net outcome is a significant increase in CV mortality and a higher incidence of hypertension, type II diabetes mellitus, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), heart failure, and cardiac arrhythmias. Patients with pre-existing CV disorders may be more vulnerable to the effects of global warming and extreme temperatures. There is an urgent need for a comprehensive intervention that spans from the individual level to a systemic or global approach to effectively address this existential problem. Future programs aimed at reducing CV and environmental burdens should require cross-disciplinary collaboration involving physicians, researchers, public health workers, political scientists, legislators, and national leaders to mitigate the effects of climate change.

Devastating Effects of Global Warming - Climate Change, on Mutation of the Micro-Organisms Impacting Human Health, on Inducing Environmental Disasters, on Affecting Agricultural Crops and Food Chain, and Suggested Methods to Control Such Calamities

Devastating Effects of Global Warming - Climate Change, on Mutation of the Micro-Organisms Impacting Human Health, on Inducing Environmental Disasters, on Affecting Agricultural Crops and Food Chain, and Suggested Methods to Control Such Calamities

Seasonal Diet Changes and Trophic Links of Cold-Water Fish (Coregonus albula) within a Northern Lake Ecosystem

The seasonal feeding patterns of the cold-adapted fish, Coregonus albula, are poorly studied in high-latitude lakes but could provide insight for predicting the effects of global warming. We examined vendace’s diet composition, traced the carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios from producers to consumers in the food web, and estimated vendace’s trophic position in a subarctic lake (the White Sea basin). Results showed the vendace to be a typical euryphagous fish, but clear seasonal differences were found in the relative importance of plankton and benthos in the diet. The vendace consumed primarily benthic amphipods in the summer, planktonic cladocerans in the autumn, and copepods in the winter–spring (under ice); larvae of aquatic insects were the second-most important food items throughout the year. Because of the substantial proportion of fish embryos in its diet, the vendace had a trophic position similar to that of a predatory fish (perch). The Bayesian food source-mixing model revealed that the majority of vendace energy derives from planktonic copepods. The dominant Cyclops had the lowest carbon isotope values, suggesting a carbon-depleted diet typical for methanotrophic bacteria, as its probable food source was in a lake under ice. Understanding the feeding patterns of vendace provides information to better predict the potential biotic effects of environmental change on lake ecosystems.

Appraisal of Daily Temperature and Rainfall Events in the Context of Global Warming in South Australia

In recent decades, there have been significant problems worldwide related to global warming and the intensification of extreme temperature and rainfall events. This research evaluated daily temperature and rainfall indices trends to identify whether warming signals have occurred in South Australia over the past fifty years. Extreme cold, hot, and rainfall events were calculated using climatic data from 37 weather stations. A Mann–Kendall test was used for trend analysis with Sen’s estimator. As a result, we determined that for the 1970–2021 period, the maximum and minimum temperatures increased by 1.1 and 0.7 °C, respectively, while precipitation had a negative trend (−52.2 mm per period). Since statistical significance was found in analysing extreme cold and hot events, we find that warming signals have several impacts on South Australia. In the case of rainfall events, we identified a heterogeneous pattern characterised by a reduction in the annual amount and an increase in extreme rainfall events. The findings enable us to conclude that the area shows signs of global warming that could affect the intensity and magnitude of droughts. This information is essential for continuing with current management strategies to adapt and mitigate the effects of global warming in South Australia.

Performance Improvement of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Using Supercapacitors Energy Storage System

Globally, Internal combustion (IC) engine-based vehicles are being replaced by electric vehicles to decrease fossil fuel depletion, pollution, and the effects of global warming. But in electric vehicles, the primary concerns are battery power consumption and battery life, which affects the range of the electric vehicle (EV). In this paper, a hybrid storage system comprising a battery and a supercapacitor is simulated in MATLAB software to enhance the range, duration, and performance of the EV by controlling the charging and discharging of the supercapacitor and battery and control logic is used to integrate a li-ion battery with a supercapacitor based on the state of charging of the battery and supercapacitor. with the use of a hybrid energy storage system, the range and performance of EVs has improved.

Relationship between shape and energy performance of buildings under long-term climate change

The Mediterranean basin is projected to experience the most significant effects of global warming in Europe. As climate change intensifies, resulting in hotter and lengthier summers, there will be a substantial rise in the demand for cooling systems. This study investigates the influence of the surface-to-volume ratio (S/V) in mitigating the impact of climate change on energy performance in Italian buildings, highlighting its often-overlooked status in current research and methodologies. Three different S/V ratio are considered to evaluate the building thermal performance (EPtot,nd) in compliance with the main Italian energy policies (issued in 2005, 2015, 2020) and three different representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios. The investigation encompasses all national climate zones in Italy. Results vary in relation to national climate zone (from A to F) and standards considered. When comparing EPtot,nd values in 2030 to the ones of 2050 and 2070, hot regions (Zones A, B and C) show an increase in EPtot,nd, reaching a maximum of 20 %, with minimal differences in almost every scenario. The climate zone D displays a varied behavior in EPtot,nd demand, with a trend of reduction for smaller S/V ratios. In climatic zone E, the EPtot,nd demand varies; if there is an increase compared to 2030, it is slight (up to 10 %), and this increase is further mitigated with a low S/V ratio. The cold climate zone F shows a slight reduction in the demand for EPtot,nd in 2050 and 2070, compared to the values required in 2030.

Civil Disobedience by Environmental Scientists: An Experimental Study of its Influence on the Impact and Credibility of Climate Change Research*

ABSTRACT We experimentally tested whether information from environmental scientists regarding the consequences of global warming would be taken more seriously if they had engaged in civil disobedience, as opposed to non-disruptive forms of advocacy on behalf of climate action. Supporting this proposition, we found that after reading an article describing the effects of climate change-driven “wind stilling,” our college student participants inferred that there was a greater risk to human welfare from this phenomenon when the information was provided by a scientist who had been involved in disruptive activism. The perception that the scientist had participated in civil disobedience did not undermine the credibility of their research findings. However, the heightened sense of climate risk engendered by these communications did not reliably translate into stronger personal intentions to help reduce the impact of global warming. These findings stand to inform the debate regarding the appropriate role of scientists in securing a sustainable environment.

Allergies in the light of global environmental changes

The increase in allergies began worldwide with the onset of the Great Acceleration. Environmental pollution and climate change now threaten to cancel out decades of success in health research. Asummary of environmental influences is provided, which not only shows the significant increase in the prevalence of allergies worldwide but also that of noncommunicable diseases. The effects of the climate crisis on allergies and the multifactorial and interfunctional relationships with other environmental changes are described in detail. In order to obtain an overview of the possible effects of global environmental changes on allergies, awide range of literature was evaluated and the study results were prepared and summarized. Alarge number of allergens are influencing the human exposome on adaily basis. These allergens are triggered by environmental changes, such as air pollution in the ambient air and indoors, chemicals in everyday objects or residues in food. People are sensitized by the interaction of allergens and pollutants. The prevalence of allergies is stagnating in industrialized countries. This is probably just the calm before the storm. The accelerating effects of global warming could make pollen and air pollutants even more aggressive in the future. Urgent action is therefore needed to minimize environmental pollution and mitigate climate change.

Sea level rise estimation and projection from long-term multi-mission satellite altimetry and tidal data in the Southeast Asia region

ABSTRACT The Southeast Asian (SEA) region represents a complex coastal geographical location. Most countries in SEA are encircled by the ocean, with lowlands coastal areas. The advantages of long-term satellite altimetry and tide gauge measurements have enabled climate-related research, particularly sea level rise, to be examined extensively in spatial and temporal scales. In this study, sea level anomaly (SLA) derived from 26 years of multi-mission satellite altimeter data plus approximately 28 years of tidal data have been utilized. Then, the projection for every 10 years starting from 2030 until 2100 has been analysed using machine learning regression. The projections are then evaluated based on the global model of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The findings presented that sea level rise trends around SEA with overall means of 4.70 ± 0.37 mm yr−1 for the satellite altimeter and 3.41 ± 0.24 mm yr−1 for the coastal tide gauge. Sea level projection from coastal tide gauge and satellite altimeter are expected to rise up to 34.87 and 33.71 cm, respectively, in 2100. These outcomes prove that the altimetry data from Radar Altimeter Database System (RADS) and the redundant tidal data are capable in measuring the sea level in SEA. These results are also expected to be valuable for multidisciplinary environmental studies in SEA, such as coastal flooding, coastal erosion, and other effect of global warming. Thus, it would make a meaningful contribution towards Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 13, climate action, by providing the sea level rate and prediction information.

Impacts of climate warming and atmospheric deposition on recent shifts in chironomid communities in two alpine lakes, eastern China

Climate warming and atmospheric deposition are altering alpine lake ecosystems at unprecedented rates, whereas their direct and indirect effects on primary consumer communities are unclear. This study presents sedimentary multi-proxy records including chironomids, diatoms, elements and stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen in 210Pb-dated cores from two alpine lakes located above the timberline in the Taibai Mountain, eastern China. Before ∼2000 CE, chironomid communities were co-dominated by Heterotrissocladius marcidus-type and Micropsectra atrofasciata-type in the two lakes. Thereafter, Tanytarsus glabrescens-type increased rapidly to be a dominant species. Redundancy analyses (RDAs) revealed that chironomid fauna shifts were significantly correlated with rising diatom concentrations in both lakes, declining Ti content in the upstream lake and δ13C depletion in the downstream lake. Although temperature, precipitation and δ15N were not significant explanatory variables in RDAs, climate warming and atmospheric deposition likely promoted terrestrial and aquatic primary production, indicated by synchronous increases in organic matter contents and diatom concentrations in the two sediment cores. Since diatoms contain essential polyunsaturated fatty acids that are essential for chironomids, rising diatom concentrations can promote food quantity and quality. In addition, increased primary production would create organic substrates for chironomid larvae. Recent shifts in chironomid fauna driven by indirect effects of global warming and atmospheric deposition might be a widespread phenomenon in alpine lakes, probably triggering regime shifts in headwater lake ecosystems.

Extraordinary hot extreme in summer 2022 over the Yangtze River basin modulated by the La Niña condition under global warming

A widespread and prolonged hot extreme hit the Yangtze River basin in summer 2022, with 300 sites established new temperature records and nearly 96% stations endured more than 40 hot days. From the perspective of the combination effect of the global warming and La Niña condition, potential mechanisms of the hot extreme were investigated. Such a record-breaking hot extreme was caused by an extremely strong and westward-shifted western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH). The global warming effect contributed primarily to the abnormal hot days in the Yangtze River basin, coupled with the modulation of the La Niña condition. The sea surface temperature anomaly pattern under La Niña condition favored more convection activities over the western Pacific, encouraging an enhanced and westward-extended WPSH. In addition, an observation-based attribution analysis indicates that anthropogenic warming may increase the probability of such extensively persistent hot extreme by 1.8 times.

Effects of global warming on pest status in agriculture

Effects of global warming on pest status in agriculture

Projection analysis of future drought characteristics in Upper Draa Catchment (Southern Morocco)

The consequences of global warming will aggravate the impacts of droughts. Future drought patterns are important for planning and policy formulation to mitigate the adverse effect of climate change. Consequently, this study aims at examining the projected the drought characteristics in seven meteorological stations in the Upper Draa Catchment (UDC) during the period from 1980 to 2016 using standardized precipitation index. The future climate scenarios were predicted by the model CNRM-ALADIN63 for three periods (2025–2049, 2050–2074, and 2075–2099). The changes were examined based on two Representative Concentration Pathways scenarios, namely: RCP4.5and RCP8.5. The findings indicated that increasingly extreme droughts are anticipated to occur during (2050-2074) followed by (2025-2049) than (2075-2099) under both scenarios. The results reveal a contrast in drought event frequency between historical data and projections with a noticeable variation of patterns of droughts characteristics across stations and time periods. This accentuates how urgent it is for the Upper Draa Catchment to implement proactive water resource management and adaptive strategies.