Event Of Failure Research Articles

Reliability of industrial-scale telescopes in the event of seismic failures

Reliability of industrial-scale telescopes in the event of seismic failures

TO DISTRIBUTE THE ABNORMAL EVENT USING CM-DDS ALGORITHM, WITH SECURELY USING RSA RSA-IVDE ALGORITHM

Automating the secure distribution and storage of video data addresses inefficiencies in manual processes. The emphasis on secure distributed storage aligns with the increasing importance of safeguarding video data. Traditional approaches in distributed video data storage face limitations, like lack of scalability, privacy challenges in surveillance systems and suboptimal storage efficiency. This research addresses the existing limitations in distributed storage for video data by proposing a Central Moment-Driven Distributed Structure (CM-DDS) and an incremental RSA-driven Incremental Video Data Encryption (RSA-IVDE) method. The framework optimizes video data distribution across nodes, enhancing redundancy and fault tolerance for continuous data availability, even in the event of node failures. Emphasizing simplicity and accessibility, the user-friendly interface facilitates efficient management of large video datasets across various applications, including social networks, video games, surveillance and transportation networks. This comprehensive approach aims to provide a robust solution for secure distributed storage and transmission of video data while addressing the challenges identified in the existing research. The proposed approach surpasses other traditional methods with minimal decryption mean time (0.208s), minimal encryption mean time (0.182s) and minimal distribution mean time (1.620s).

Survival analysis in cardiovascular epidemiology: nexus between heart disease and mortality

In 2021, over 20 million people died from cardiovascular diseases, accounting for approximately one-third of all global deaths – an increase from the 1990’s when approximately 12 million people died each year. Given the significant implications, it is imperative to explore further. Past studies identified variations in the median survival rate following heart failure between different sexes. While one study found correlations between the gender and age of the patient, another looked at age and blood pressure. However, it is noteworthy that these studies have primarily focused on no more than three factors when in fact multiple factors contribute to mortality following heart failure. We explored which of the many variables influences the outcome of patient mortality in the event of heart failure and how the influence changes as these features are removed or added. We hypothesized that age and high blood pressure would be most strongly correlated with mortality following an instance of heart failure due to the structural changes caused by both of these factors that may impede function. While aging prompts changes in the heart's structure including muscle cell deterioration, valve rigidity, and reduced chamber capacity, high blood pressure hampers arterial capabilities. Random forest (RF) was the most effective of the three models created, and the three most important factors influencing the outcome of patient mortality were determined to be time, serum creatinine, and ejection fraction. This study could be one step out of the many that are needed towards assisting with personalized medicine to improve the chances of a patient's survival following heart failure.

PMU-Based Power System Stabilizer Design Using Coati Optimization Algorithm

Low-frequency oscillation modes can destabilize the power system if they do not have adequate damping rates. The interconnection of large power systems and the complexity of operation has caused the increase in these modes and conventional control techniques have difficulty guaranteeing adequate damping rates. This article proposes a design method for a Power System Stabilizer damping controller using data from Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) to ensure adequate damping rates for the modes even in the event of PMU data failures. Case studies were simulated and analyzed using the IEEE 68-bus system.

Fault tolerant control of an octorotor UAV using sliding mode for applications in challenging environments

This paper presents the development of fault-tolerant controller and their application for multirotor unmanned aerial vehicles – specifically an octorotor – in challenging environments e.g. nuclear power plant inspection or other dull, dirty and dangerous applications. This paper considers a combination of sliding mode control robustness properties (to deal with actuator faults) and control allocation (to automatically redistribute the control signals to healthy actuators, especially in the event of actuator failures). The resultant controller has the ability to operate in both fault-free and fault/failure conditions without reconfiguring the main baseline controller. The proposed controller also has the ability to operate for up to six rotor failures which represent an under-actuation condition i.e., a case when only two rotors are available. The under-actuation scenarios are conditions when most FTC schemes are not able to operate due to the lack of redundancy. The simulation results conducted on the nonlinear model with wind/gusts and sensor noise, show a good tracking performance under various fault-free and fault/failure scenarios (over-actuation, sufficient actuation and under-actuation conditions).

Analyzing the Reliability of a Pumping System through the Application of Copula Analysis

This paper derives and evaluates the reliability measures for a model pumping system composed of six subsystems linked in series: subsystems 1, 2, and 6, each comprising one unit, while subsystems 3 and 5 each contain three units operating in parallel. Subsystem 4 contains three units effectively operating in series. Unit failure rates are assumed to be constant, while repair rates are modeled by either a general distribution or, in the event of system failure, a Gumbel–Hougaard copula. The Laplace transform and additional supplementary variable approaches are employed to solve the system. The conventional measures of reliability are computed for a range of parameter values and as functions of time. In addition, tables are presented containing parameters for different cases, accompanied by a discussion of how they were chosen and their impact on the results.

Long-term survival of patients receiving home hemodialysis with self-punctured arteriovenous access.

To determine the long-term survival of patients receiving home hemodialysis (HHD) through self-punctured arteriovenous access. We conducted an observational study of all patients receiving HHD at our facility between 2001 and 2020. The primary outcome was treatment survival, and it was defined as the duration from HHD initiation to the first event of death or technique failure. The secondary outcomes were the cumulative incidence of technique failure and mortality. Cox proportional hazard models were used to identify the predictive factors for treatment survival. A total of 77 patients (mean age, 50.7 years; 84.4% male; 23.4% with diabetes) were included. The median dialysis duration was 18 hours per week, and all patients self-punctured their arteriovenous fistula. During a median follow-up of 116 months, 30 treatment failures (11 deaths and 19 technique failures) were observed. The treatment survival was 100% at 1 year, 83.5% at 5 years, 67.2% at 10 years, and 34.6% at 15 years. Age (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.07) and diabetes (aHR, 2.45) were significantly associated with treatment survival. Cardiovascular disease was the leading cause of death, and vascular access-related issues were the primary causes of technique failure, which occurred predominantly after 100 months from HHD initiation. This study showed a favorable long-term prognosis of patients receiving HHD. HHD can be a sustainable form of long-term kidney replacement therapy. However, access-related technique failures occur more frequently in patients receiving it over the long term. Therefore, careful management of vascular access is crucial to enhance technique survival.

Mavacamten Treatment for Symptomatic Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Interim Results From the MAVA-LTE Study, EXPLORER-LTE Cohort

BackgroundData assessing the long-term safety and efficacy of mavacamten treatment for symptomatic obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are needed. ObjectivesThe authors sought to evaluate interim results from the EXPLORER-Long Term Extension (LTE) cohort of MAVA-LTE (A Long-Term Safety Extension Study of Mavacamten in Adults Who Have Completed EXPLORER-HCM; NCT03723655). MethodsAfter mavacamten or placebo withdrawal at the end of the parent EXPLORER-HCM (Clinical Study to Evaluate Mavacamten [MYK-461] in Adults With Symptomatic Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy; NCT03470545), patients could enroll in MAVA-LTE. Patients received mavacamten 5 mg once daily; adjustments were made based on site-read echocardiograms. ResultsBetween April 9, 2019, and March 5, 2021, 231 of 244 eligible patients (94.7%) enrolled in MAVA-LTE (mean age: 60 years; 39% female). At data cutoff (August 31, 2021) 217 (93.9%) remained on treatment (median time in study: 62.3 weeks; range: 0.3-123.9 weeks). At 48 weeks, patients showed improvements in left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradients (mean change ± SD from baseline: resting: −35.6 ± 32.6 mm Hg; Valsalva: −45.3 ± 35.9 mm Hg), N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels (median: −480 ng/L; Q1-Q3: −1,104 to −179 ng/L), and NYHA functional class (67.5% improved by ≥1 class). LVOT gradients and NT-proBNP reductions were sustained through 84 weeks in patients who reached this timepoint. Over 315 patient-years of exposure, 8 patients experienced an adverse event of cardiac failure, and 21 patients had an adverse event of atrial fibrillation, including 11 with no prior history of atrial fibrillation. Twelve patients (5.2%) developed transient reductions in site-read echocardiogram left ventricular ejection fraction of <50%, resulting in temporary treatment interruption; all recovered. Ten patients discontinued treatment due to treatment-emergent adverse events. ConclusionsMavacamten treatment showed clinically important and durable improvements in LVOT gradients, NT-proBNP levels, and NYHA functional class, consistent with EXPLORER-HCM. Mavacamten treatment was well tolerated over a median 62-week follow-up.

Design of Home Automation System with Emergency Control

In today's society, there is a growing demand for smart home solutions that not only enhance convenience but also make a significant impact on affordability and widespread adoption. This paper describes the proposed design of a Node MCU-based Home Automation system with an integrated Wi-Fi module that enables internet-based remote control of home devices. The design utilizes a basic code template to connect with the Tasmota Web interface to configure the ESP module. The system is integrated with Alexa, offering various integration options such as routines, schedules and alarms. Furthermore, it adds a manual control feature for situations where there is no internet connection and an additional level of safety through emergency controls in the event of electronic failure. A comparison of energy usage with and without the use of the proposed system is also reported. A noticeable decrease in daily electricity consumption is observed on using the designed automation system. To ensure cost-effectiveness, locally available components are utilized in the design. Consequently, it ensures that enhanced comfort, convenience, and control over one's living environment are available to a wider audience.

A Study of the Impact of Artificial Intelligent Services on the Remediation of Business Management Service Failures

Abstract Accompanied by the continuous development of Internet information technology and the promotion of technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, and machine learning, AI-enabled services are gradually integrated into daily life, and remediation in the face of AI service interactions has also become an inevitable research issue. This study examines the impact of remediation in the event of service failures, particularly in the context of intelligent robot service failures that lead to negative customer experiences. Through the dissection of service failure remediation methods, combined with the customer satisfaction index model, a theoretical research model is constructed from the two aspects of willingness to use and satisfaction, and five hypotheses of remediation are proposed, and then experiments are designed to test them. The results of regression analysis indicated that the mean values of perception and willingness to use in the low anthropomorphism group were 4.875 and 5.052. The mean values of perception and willingness to use in the high anthropomorphism group were increased by 0.718 and 0.649 compared to those of the low anthropomorphism group. The customer’s satisfaction in terms of robot anthropomorphism in the high anthropomorphism was 4.055, and in the low anthropomorphism was 3.410, which indicated that there were positive correlations between the degree of anthropomorphism and both willingness to use and satisfaction have a positive effect, and all five hypotheses of this paper are proved. The purpose of this study is to provide an in-depth analysis of the use of AI anthropomorphization in service failure and service remediation and to offer guidance and references for AI services and related development and design decisions.

Digital Consciousness and Identity

The aim of the study is to analyze how the development of digital consciousness and the widespread ingress of digital technologies into daily life affect the under-standing and formation of human identity in contemporary society. This aim encompasses several key research directions: studying the impact of virtual agents and artificial intelligence systems with elements of digital conscious-ness on individuals’ self- perception and their views of the world; identifying the role of digital media in the process of forming and rethinking social identity; analyzing the consequences of continuous interaction with digital technologies and content for personal development, self-esteem, and self-presentation; considering ethical and philosophical issues related to the creation and interaction with digital conscious-ness; reflecting on potential pathways for the development of relationships between humans and digital technologies, assessing opportunities and risks associated with a closer integration of artificial intelligence into the social and personal spheres of people’s lives. The result of exercising this interdisciplinary approach and combining various theories and observations show that people, with the help of technology, are taking part in developing their own identity, further proving the impact of digitalization on an individualistic and collective level; digital technologies also tend to have a profound and transformative impact on the peoples’ self-awareness and relations in a globalized world; furthermore, the use of digital technologies proves to be an effective means of global and subtle influence on the life, behavior and beliefs of modern people. It has been argued that postmodernism and cyberculture, in addition to having an ontological connection, share a model of world perception, which is not affiliated with any type of hierarchical model. The result of the author's reasoning is the conclusion that changes in technology or data loss are not mere technical problems – people end up feeling serious consequences of them, including drastic shifts in their personality, cognitive abilities and general well-being. This deeply affects the user’s ability to maintain their productivity, interact with information, and, more broadly, their ability to function in everyday life. Such situations highlight the need for the development and implementation of strategies and policies that consider potential vulnerabilities associated with technology dependence and aim to minimize the negative consequences of such dependence. Ethical considerations around cognitive extenders should include discussions on precautionary measures and development standards that ensure protection and support for users in the event of technological changes, updates, or failures. This might involve creating more resilient systems for data storage and recovery, developing more transparent and predictable update schemes, and introducing policies that support users’ cognitive autonomy and well-being.

Understanding the Fallout: The Impact of Failed Real Estate Developments on the Property Market in Lagos State, Nigeria

This study aims to investigate the effects of failed real estate developments on the property market in Lagos State, Nigeria. Given the rapid development and high demand for housing and other assets in Lagos, the potential for project failures can cause uncertainty and disruption. The research seeks to understand the various consequences of project development failures on the property market by examining stakeholder views. The study involves analyzing the fundamental factors and outcomes of project failures and their impact on the real estate market in Lagos State. The study sampled 384 Estate Surveyors and Valuers (ESV) and 225 staff from the Real Estate Developers Association of Nigeria (REDAN). Regression analysis (OLS) was used to examine the impact of real estate development failure on the market. The study found that technical factors, also known as technical failures, had a significant negative influence on the real estate market in Lagos State. This conclusion was based on negative regression coefficients (-0.68 for ESV and -0.68 for REDAN) and significant t-statistics values (-8.18 for ESV and -4.90 for REDAN). Furthermore, factors such as inadequate project finance, lack of management support, failure to adhere to required regulatory guidelines, and socio-political factors also had negative regression coefficients. They were found to influence the real estate market in Lagos state. In conclusion, these factors could affect the quality of real estate development, leading to a decrease in the real estate market and patronage.

Berlin-Wahl 2021 – 3. und 4. Akt des Dramas1

On the 19th December 2023, the verdict of the BVerfG on the Berlin Chaos election of 26th September 2021 was issued . The verdict only refers to the Bundestag election, which took place on that day together with the elections to the Berlin House of Representatives . As often reported, there was an unusually large number of irregularities, which is why the Berlin VerfGH declared the Berlin-related elections invalid as a whole and ordered a com- plete repeat election . Since the Bundestag election and the Berlin elections were connected, the question arises whether the BVerfG, on the one hand, and the Berlin VerfGH, on the other hand, applied the same criteria for determining electoral failures and dealing with them . Because, unlike the VerfGH, the BVerfG ordered a repeat election to the Bundestag for only about a fifth of the voters . A more detailed analysis of the two judgments shows that, in particular, the consequences of election failures were assessed differently by the two courts . While the BVerfG gave a very high priority to the continuation of the once-elected parliament and thus came to a repeat election as limited as possible, the VerfGH drew the opposite conclusion from the mass of failures . In the interest of an understanding of the relevant legal terms as uniform as possible, it would have been appropriate that the VerfGH had submitted its intended decision to the BVerfG in advance .

Investigation of Schottky bypass diodes from a faulty PV plant

Bypass diodes in photovoltaic modules are designed to prevent the solar cells and cell strings in the module from overheating if a module is operated incorrectly. Possible consequences of bypass diode failures are for example power loss, glass breakage or hot spot burns in PV modules. To avoid such situations, the key-role-playing bypass diode must be in good condition and the knowledge of the condition status is of high interest. For this reason, 36 Schottky diodes were randomly selected from the junction boxes of taken-back PV modules and examined using a variety of characterisation methods. These included electrical characterisation and imaging techniques. The investigation identified all three possible bypass diode states: (i) bypass diode functional and conducting in one direction and blocking in the other direction, (ii) bypass diode defective and conducting in both directions and (iii) bypass diode defective and no longer conducting in any direction. Defective bypass diodes that changed from failure state (ii) to failure state (iii) were found in different aged conditions. Conversely, only an abrupt transition was found for the state (i) to failure state (ii). The main objective of having a fast and suitable method for characterising Schottky bypass diodes in PV systems in the field, which is also in simple agreement with results from laboratory measurement technology, was found with the electrician’s multimeter.

Bearing Health Evaluation Model using Segmentive Technique and Cosine KNN in Different Loading Situations

Bearing faults are a common cause of machinery failure, and bearing vibration analysis is critical in preventing any unacceptable consequences of such failures. Advancements in smart data and computing make Artificial Intelligence (AI) preferable for bearing vibration analysis. Typically, signal processing and feature engineering are essential for achieving satisfactory classification accuracy. Additionally, a drop in classification accuracy is commonly observed during different loading situations due to the vastly varying vibration characteristics under different loads. This paper evaluates an AI model in variable loading situations using raw vibration signals, devoid of signal processing and feature engineering. The proposed AI model, Segmentive Cosine K-Nearest Neighbours (SCosKNN), demonstrated a higher overall classification accuracy of 90.6–94.3% in same loading situations, and 72.1–84.2% in different loading situations. An improvement of around 9% in same loadings and 10–14% in different loadings were observed compared to a model without Segmentive Technique

Re-design and Analysis of 220 KV Multi – Circuit Transmission Tower

A transmission tower or power tower is a tall structure, typically a steel lattice tower, which is employed to support an overhead power line. Economic losses will be the consequence of any transmission line system failure that disrupts the energy supply. This article describes the MD (300-600 Dev./D.E.-00) NT +9M body extension redesign and structural analysis for a 220 kV multi-circuit transmission tower. This paper pertains to the failure transmission tower structure and implementation of the failure structure through the use of CAD, ANSYS, and analytical and experimental testing. Experimental testing in 2018 resulted in the failure of this MD type transmission tower. The research conducted in this paper is the first to analyse and track the progression of failure of a segment of a transmission structure, in contrast to previous studies that have examined the behaviour and failure of a single tower. To accomplish this, a distinctive CAD/numerical model is developed in this paper. This article will provide a comprehensive discussion of the formulation and validation of the various components of this CAD/numerical model, which are reported in various sections of paper. This study helps build transmission towers to handle rising voltage and power demands in electrical networks.

Retrospective analysis of dogs and cats with a mixed form of pulmonary hypertension and suspected pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis in comparison to animals with predomination of precapillary pulmonary hypertension

Background: Pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis (PCH) is an idiopathic disease with the anomalous proliferation of a small capillary-like vessel in the pulmonary tissue, which can lead to a severe form of PH. There are only several cases of PCH described in veterinary literature: 27 cases in dogs and 2 cases in cats. In veterinary medicine, PH is mostly recognized as a consequence of left heart failure as a progression of the postcapillary PH to the precapillary form. PCH is mostly described as a primary disease, but resistant postcapillary PH with the high possibility of pulmonary edema raises a speculation that PCH could be a secondary malformation to the left heart disease. Aim: Discover the features associated with the shift between left- and right-sided heart disease in the context of PH development Methods: Retrospective analysis of materials from cats and dogs with histological markers of PCH (sPCH) versus those with right heart failure (RHF). Results: Animals with histological and immunohistochemistry markers of PCH had previous history of disease with the left heart volume overload. There were no differences between the groups in radiography and gross pathology. Histologically, pulmonary fibrosis and arteriopathy could be found in RHF; in sPCH – a duplication of capillaries in alveolar septa and bizarre proliferation in surroundings structures. Conclusion: PCH could be a secondary pattern of vascular remodeling due to volume overload

Mind the gap in kidney care: translating what we know into what we do.

Historically, it takes an average of 17 years for new treatments to move from clinical evidence to daily practice. Given the highly effective treatments now available to prevent or delay kidney disease onset and progression, this is far too long. Now is the time to narrow the gap between what we know and what we do. Clear guidelines exist for the prevention and management of common risk factors for kidney disease, such as hypertension and diabetes, but only a fraction of people with these conditions are diagnosed worldwide, and even fewer are treated to target. Similarly, the vast majority of people living with kidney disease are unaware of their condition, because it is often silent in the early stages. Even among patients who have been diagnosed, many do not receive appropriate treatment for kidney disease. Considering the serious consequences of kidney disease progression, kidney failure, or death, it is imperative that treatments are initiated early and appropriately. Opportunities to diagnose and treat kidney disease early must be maximized beginning at the primary care level. Many systematic barriers exist, ranging from the patient to the clinician to the health systems to societal factors. To preserve and improve kidney health for everyone everywhere, each of these barriers must be acknowledged so that sustainable solutions are developed and implemented without further delay.

DECOMPOSITION OF FAILURE STATES OF GRAIN HARVESTING COMBINERS

The article discloses methodological approaches to the formation of the validity of the application of the simulation model of the decomposition of failure-free states of combine harvesters. The authors reproduce the functional decomposition of the reliability of grain harvesters obtained through the analysis of system functions. The authors reveal analytical approaches to the question of what the system does, regardless of how it works. As a basis, the authors formed a division into functional subsystems in the community of functions performed by groups of elements. When conducting the experiment, a set of random events that occur with the module under consideration is first generated - the event of failure of the blocked module, the event of activation of the blocking of the module and the event of the transmission of the module. Then, by assigning the corresponding probabilities, states are defined and logical dependencies between them are found. The experiment consisted in the sequential generation of events and obtaining the final states of the functional module. This experiment was repeated several times, then it was calculated, in several cases the functional module of the grain harvester was in good condition. The ratio of the number of experiment results in which the functional module was found to be working to all results shows the possibility of the functioning of the functional module. By performing a certain number of calculations of each state, summing the results of each calculation, taking the true value as one and the false value as zero, and then dividing the result by the length of the set, we obtain the value of the probability of blocked failure calculated by the Monte Carlo method.When performing the calculations and with the original data, it was equal to 0.885. The similarity of the result to the result accepted as true proves the truth. The method given in the article allows to improve the quality of work of the fail-safe system of grain harvesters, providing more accurate failure-free accounting, expanding the list of analyzed reliability parameters and making fuller use of technical means of monitoring technical condition parameters.

СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ ПОДХОДОВ К ДИАГНОСТИРОВАНИЮ ДЛЯ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ НАДЕЖНОСТЬЮ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОЙ ТЕХНИКИ

Reducing the cost of the life cycle of machines and aggregates, optimizing the cost of operation and timely maintenance, carrying out work in the required agrotechnical terms are indicators of the effectiveness of managing the reliability of agricultural machinery. This aspect is significantly influenced by the perfection of approaches to maintenance and diagnostics, taking into account the use of digital monitoring tools for resource-determining units and assemblies. Effective implementation of reliability management minimizes costs from the consequences of failures of II and III complexity groups, reduces the cost of production and corrects the time of service work. Therefore, the improvement of approaches for routine maintenance, including diagnostics, is an urgent issue to improve the efficiency of domestic equipment in operation. (Research Purpose) The research purpose is analyzing previously applied approaches to assessing the technical condition for managing the reliability of agricultural machinery and developing experimental samples of digital diagnostic tools to improve the assessment of the technical condition. (Materials and methods) Reviewed the process of creating experimental digital diagnostic tools for improving approaches to reliability management, taking into account the recommendations of the regulatory and technical documentation of the departmental project «Digital Agriculture» of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation. (Results and discussion) It was shown that the use of previously developed methods and means of diagnosing agricultural machinery significantly increased the efficiency of its operation. It was substantiated that now it is necessary to take into account methodological experience, which allows to increase the level of diagnostics of operating equipment on the basis of new multifunctional research tools. We have developed experimental digital means of monitoring the technical condition, which provide control over compliance with the rules of operation of individual systems and units. (Conclusions) It was revealed that digital diagnostic and monitoring tools could reduce the cost of the life cycle of equipment, optimize operating costs, and ensure maintenance.