Consequences Of Behavior Research Articles

Role of neuropeptide Y in development of valproate-induced eating behaviour disorder

Background. Eating behaviour disorder (EBD) induced by valproic acid (VPA) is one of the components of the pathogenesis of a serious complication of therapy with VPA and its salts such as VPA-induced metabolic syndrome (MetS). About 20% of patients receiving VPA have weight gain, which is also a consequence of altered eating behaviour in such patients. Substances such as neuropeptide Y (NPY), leptin, orexin and ghrelin are involved in the regulation of eating behaviour. NPY has received special attention in recent years because it is one of the most potent brain orexigenic peptides and its expression level directly affects the quantity and quality of food intake. NPY overexpression is associated with EBD, food preferences, obesity, and MetS.Objective: to review preclinical and clinical studies of NPY role as a potential sensitive and specific serum biomarker of VPA-EBD, secondary weight gain and VPA-MetS development in children and adults with epilepsy.Material and methods. We analyzed Russian and foreign publications submitted to eLibrary, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases between 2014 and 2024. The full-text articles in Russian and English (original studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, Cochrane reviews, and clinical cases) were analyzed. After the selection procedure, 53 out of 1105 publications retrieved by query keywords were included in the analysis.Results. VPA-EDB refers to multifactorial diseases, requiring to take into account the additive contribution of external (food education, eating habits of the patient and family members) and internal (key hormones and neuropeptides regulating appetite and food preferences, the dose and duration of VPA intake, the metabolic rate of VPA) factors while assessing a risk of its development. NPY-associated VPA-EDB affects dietary preferences in favor of high-calorie food and beverages, increases the frequency of meals, the risks of insulin resistance, hyperglycemia as one of the major domains in MetS pathogenesis.Conclusion. VPA-EBD requires timely diagnosis, as it can cause VPA-MetS. NPY is an important biomarker of VPA-EBD, because recent studies have convincingly demonstrated that this neuropeptide is involved in the regulation of eating behavior in patients with epilepsy.

Goals bias face perception.

Faces-the most common and complex stimuli in our daily lives-contain multidimensional information used to infer social attributes that guide consequential behaviors, such as deciding who to trust. Decades of research illustrates that perceptual information from faces is processed holistically. An open question, however, is whether goals might impact this perceptual process, influencing the encoding and representation of the complex social information embedded in faces. If an individual were able to factorize information so that each dimension is separately represented, it might enable flexibility. Having a goal, for example, might mean that only goal-relevant dimensions are leveraged to inform behavior. Whether people are able to build such factorized representations remains unknown, largely due to natural correlations between social attributes. We overcome these confounds using a new statistical face model that orthogonalizes perceived facial attractiveness and trustworthiness. Across three experiments (N = 249), we observe that only in some contexts can humans successfully factorize multidimensional social information. When there is a clear goal of assessing another's trustworthiness, people successfully decompose these social attributes. The more an individual factorizes, the more they entrust money to others in a subsequent trust game. However, when the goal is to assess attractiveness, irrelevant information about trustworthiness is so potent that it biases how attractive someone is perceived-a trustworthiness "halo effect." In contrast, in goal-agnostic environments, we do not find any evidence of factorization; instead, people encode multidimensional social information in an entwined and holistic fashion that distorts their perceptions of social attributes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Reduced Presence of SARS-CoV-2 microRNA-like Small RNA in the Serum of Patients with Post-Acute Sequelae SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

The mechanisms underlying post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) are a topic of debate. This study examined the presence of SARS-CoV-2 microRNA (miRNA)-like small RNAs in extracellular fluids and their potential link to PASC by using a quantitative stem-loop RT-PCR MiRNA assay. Initially, it was demonstrated that three previously identified SARS-CoV-2 miRNA-like small RNAs, specifically svRNA 1 and 2 and miR-07a, were significantly expressed in infected cells in vitro and released into the supernatant following infection by different SARS-CoV-2 variants. Then, the expression of three SARS-CoV-2 small RNAs was studied in both nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) and sera from 24 patients at their initial COVID-19 diagnosis (T0) and in sera collected 91 to 193 days post-diagnosis (T1). Notably, 11 out of 24 patients (46%) reported PASC consequences. All NPS samples showed SARS-CoV-2 small RNA expression with an altered cytokine network during acute infection, but it did not correlate with PASC outcomes. Serum samples had similar small RNA statuses, though PASC patients, notably at T1, but not at T0, displayed reduced overall positivity compared to those without PASC. The host target expression of SARS-CoV-2 small RNAs was not significantly different between groups. This suggests a need for further research into SARS-CoV-2 small RNA and its role in viral behavior and PASC consequences.

The Impact of 2018 Election on Economic Decision-Making: A Case Study of District Chitral, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

This study analyzes the socio-economic effects triggered by the general elections held in 2018 on the people of Chitral District, Pakistan. It employs a mixed-methods strategy that integrates the quantitative analysis of questionnaires obtained from 300 participants and qualitative commentary derived from focus group discussions. The study addresses shift that occurred in the patterns of consumption, labor market and investments, and perception of economic opportunities after the elections. Political changes have outspread consequences for economic behavior. There was an increase in the households spending in education, healthcare, and transportation, owing to the great hopes the people had of the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) Government. Such changes also encouraged women into work to increase economic empowerment and then election also boosted the labor force participation. Nonetheless, the political, social, and economic challenges impacting infrastructure and access to markets continue to impede the progress in economic growth of the area. Political stability strengthens the economic welfare of the communities, societies, and regions. This study among others demonstrates that economic interventions in marginalized regions with good political policies discern positive economic growth. Portions of such policies would include effective policy formulation and successful implementation. Actions include finalizing infrastructure projects, implementing specific employment schemes, enhancing outreach to financial service providers and improving systems for policy monitoring. These measures aim for sustainable development and translate political pledges into real benefits for the people of District Chitral. It also adds to the body of existing knowledge on political and economic process relationships and how such may influence policy advising and development practice within specific contexts, because the region that was targeted by this study enjoys peculiar economic and geographic conditions.

Mental Health Consequences of Opioid Pain Medication Use Behaviors and Motives Among Adolescents and Young Adults With Cancer: Results From a National Survey.

Adolescents and young adults (AYA) with cancer experience long-term consequences into survivorship that impact quality of life, including mental health symptoms, substance use, and persistent pain. Given the elevated rates of pain, AYA cancer survivors are at increased risk for opioid pain medication (OPM) exposure, increasing risk for opioid-related negative consequences, particularly for those with mental health symptoms. Minimal research has documented that a considerable proportion of AYAs with cancer receive OPM that continues into survivorship, yet the lack of consensus on the definition of problematic opioid use coupled with the high clinical need for OPM makes it particularly challenging to understand the impact of OPM use in this population. Therefore, the current study examined differences in opioid pain medication use, use behaviors, and motives between AYA cancer survivors and non-cancer controls. Using the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, we tested the impact of OPM use behaviors and motives on depressive symptoms and mental healthcare utilization variables. Results show that, compared to non-cancer controls, AYA cancer survivors evince higher rates of opioid use, behaviors, and pain relief motives. Within the cancer survivor group only, there were differential patterns of associations between OPM behaviors, motives, depressive symptoms, and mental healthcare utilization, with using opioid pain medication for emotion coping/to get high showed the largest effect sizes with outcome variables. The results highlight the importance of moving beyond use itself and examining how and why AYAs with cancer are using opioids to understand potential negative consequences.

Importance of ethical behavior in sales organizations

This dissertation explores the critical importance of ethical behavior in sales organizations, delving into how it shapes trust, compliance, and stability in business relationships. Ethical conduct, characterized by integrity, truthfulness, and commitment to moral values, is positioned as a fundamental pillar for maintaining a positive reputation and fostering long-term customer relationships. The study highlights the negative repercussions of unethical practices, including reputational damage, legal consequences, and financial losses. It highlights the importance of trust in forming strong business relationships and the legal consequences of unethical behavior in sales. Additionally, the study explores how organizational culture affects ethical behavior, the role of ethics in employee well-being and motivation, and the wider consequences of ethical practices in relation to corporate social responsibility goals. Using qualitative research methods, this study seeks to offer an in-depth insight into the ethical dilemmas encountered by sales professionals, the impact of leadership and organizational policies on ethical decision-making, as well as the various advantages of maintaining ethical conduct in sales settings.

Sexual Behaviours and Reproductive Health Issues among Students in Tertiary Institutions in Delta State: Counselling Implications

The study investigated sexual behaviours and reproductive health issues among students in tertiary institutions in Delta State, and discussed their counselling implications. It addressed some relationship issues that confront students at the tertiary education level which include awareness about prventive measures against sexually transmitted infections among sexually active students; young girls resorting to unsafe abortion; high level of sexual abuse and rape; and some female students engaging in part-time prostitution, among others. The study's population consisted of 14,650 first-year students in higher educational institutions in Delta State of Nigeria. Based on willingness to participate, a purposeful sampling technique was used to select a sample size of 3,490 students. A questionnaire on Sexual Behaviour and Reproductive Health Issues (SEBARHI) was developed by the authors and used to collect data on Sexual Behaviour and Reproductive Issues among the students. Data collected was analyzed with descriptive statistics and it was found that a considerable number of undergraduates in the area of study engage in risky sexual behaviour and also demonstrated ignorance of safe reproductive health practices. More female students reported indulging in homosexuality, bisexuality, anal sex, masturbation and threesome sex, amongst others. The counselling implications of the findings of the study were discussed for increasing appropriate awareness of the consequences of risky sexual behaviours, unsafe reproductive health practices and need to seek help from professional counselling practitioners.

A comprehensive framework of sustainable consumption behaviour in tourist destinations: A cross-country study

Underpinned by the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and the attitude-social influence-efficacy (ASE) model, this study develops an integrative framework to unveil the key antecedents and consequences of sustainable consumption behaviour (SCB) in tourist destinations. This research applied a quantitative approach, using an online survey to gather 744 responses from Oman and India. The PLS-SEM results depicted that visitors’ sustainable consumption intention (SCI) is affected by their attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control. Visitors’ SCI significantly influenced SCB, which in turn, impacted their well-being. The moderating impact of perceived risk is not supported. This work is among the first attempts to develop a comprehensive model to investigate the determinants and consequences of SCB. Additionally, it broadens the scant research on SCB conducted in India and Oman.

Impact of criminal law measures on combating the spread of infectious diseases

It was established that criminal law measures to influence the spread of contagious diseases are ineffective. The provisions provided for in the Criminal Code of Ukraine, namely Articles 130, «Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus or another incurable infectious disease,» and 133, «Infection with a venereal disease,» are outdated due to the development of medical science. Such criminal law regulation hinders the effective treatment and prevention of HIV and other infectious diseases. In addition, in many cases, such criminal law measures lead to the violation of human rights. Attention is drawn to the fact that Ukraine’s normative legal acts in the field of health care and the World Health Organization documents do not lack the concepts of «incurable disease» and «venereal disease.» Considering this, applying criminal law norms in which such terminology is used is impossible without violating the principle of legality. Based on the study of scientific research in the field of prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, as well as documents of international organizations operating in this area, it was concluded that the said criminal law measures are not only unable to have a positive effect on combating the spread of infectious diseases but also lead to an increase in morbidity. The reason for this is the reluctance of representatives of social groups with a high risk of HIV infection to undergo testing and timely antiretroviral therapy. In addition, people with health problems that are outwardly similar to sexually transmitted diseases, in many cases, avoid contacting health workers and self-medicating, including the uncontrolled use of antimicrobial drugs. The consequence of such behavior is the spread of these infectious diseases and the risk of developing resistance to antimicrobial drugs, which poses a significant threat to epidemic safety. Decriminalization of exposure to the risk of HIV infection and infection with a venereal disease, as well as the elimination of inconsistencies between criminal law and legislation in the field of health care, will contribute to the protection of human rights and will have a positive impact on epidemic safety.

Artificial Intelligence as a Tool to Prevent Autoaggressive Destructive Behavior Among Children and Adolescents: a Brief Overview

Suicides and suicidal behaviors are complex disorders with diverse symptoms, often lacking clear etiology, especially in spontaneous or childhood cases. This complicates timely diagnosis, therapy, and treatment. As a result, research into markers for depression and suicidal behavior continues. The use of artificial intelligence represents a significant advancement in suicide prevention, offering new tools for early detection and intervention to improve outcomes for at-risk individuals. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 726,000 people commit suicide, not counting the much larger number of people who attempt suicide each year. Suicides occur throughout life, but in 2021 they became one of the leading causes of death among 15-29 year-olds worldwide. This problem is also relevant in Kazakhstan, and this article is the first to reflect an interdisciplinary approach to suicide prevention among minors using AI methods in application to scientific data obtained in the study of respondents with suicidal behavior.  Suicide is a significant public health issue with profound societal impacts. Its effects extend beyond the loss of life, leading to emotional suffering for families and loved ones, and economic losses from reduced productivity and increased healthcare costs. For each suicide, there are over 30 attempted suicides, compounding the social and economic burden. The repercussions affect countless individuals, both directly and indirectly, leaving long-lasting emotional and financial strain. Additionally, the economic impact includes treatment costs for psychosomatic and mental disorders in those left behind, highlighting the extensive and multifaceted consequences of suicidal behavior.

Seeking under threat of adversity: assessing control over reward pursuit in rats.

Substance use disorder (SUD) is a chronic relapsing brain disorder that is characterised by loss of control over substance use. A variety of rodent models employing punishment setups have been developed to assess loss of control over substance use, i.e. persistent substance use despite negative consequences, to facilitate the translation of findings from animal studies to the human situation. Since the negative consequences of addictive behaviour are typically unpredictable, we here present the Seeking under Threat of Adversity (STA) task in rats, that incorporates cued, probabilistic and response-contingent punishment of reward seeking. Male rats were trained to lever press for sucrose, alcohol or cocaine and were subsequently tested in the STA task. In this task, a tone cue is presented during reward seeking which functions as a warning signal, since responding during tone presentation results in a probabilistic foot shock punishment. We first determined the optimal shock intensity to induce a moderate suppression of seeking. Next, we assessed the stability of punished reward seeking over repeated tests. Finally, we compared the development of loss of control over substance seeking for sucrose, alcohol and cocaine. (Loss of) control over substance seeking would be evident as the (in)ability to refrain from lever pressing to obtain a reward, despite the threat of a negative outcome. Parametric experiments revealed suppression of responding for both sucrose and alcohol in the STA task at shock intensities between 0.25 and 0.35mA. The suppression of responding was stable with repeated testing. Furthermore, less control over alcohol and cocaine seeking, when compared to sucrose seeking, was observed in male rats using the STA task. The STA task is a novel behavioural task that includes two important aspects of human substance use despite negative consequences, i.e. response contingency and unpredictability of adversity. Combined with other behavioural tasks and neural manipulations, the STA task can further our understanding of the psychopathology of substance use disorders.

The antecedent, moderator and consequence of humor behaviors in entrepreneurial teams

The antecedent, moderator and consequence of humor behaviors in entrepreneurial teams

Traces of Herd Behaviour Over a Decade in Indian Stock Markets

This study investigates herd behaviour in the Indian Stock Market from 2011 to 2020, analysing daily returns of stocks listed in the S&P BSE 500 index. By employing the Chang, Cheng and Khorana model, the research assesses the presence and impact of herding behaviour across various market conditions, industry sectors and timeframes. The findings reveal nuanced patterns of investor behaviour, with evidence of herd behaviour particularly pronounced during down-market conditions, as indicated by negative and statistically significant coefficients of cross-sectional absolute dispersion returns. Sector-specific analysis unveils varying degrees of herd behaviour, with strong evidence observed in the capital goods and IT sectors, while banking displays a propensity for independent decision-making. The study identifies market capitalization and year-wise variations in herd behaviour, highlighting the dynamic nature of investor sentiment and its implications for market functioning and stability. This comprehensive empirical analysis contributes to a deeper understanding of herd behaviour in the Indian Stock Market, offering valuable insights for investors, policymakers and market participants. The study underscores the importance of considering contextual factors, such as market conditions and industry dynamics, in analysing investor behaviour and its impact on market dynamics. The findings have practical implications for informed decision-making and regulatory interventions aimed at promoting market efficiency and resilience. By elucidating the drivers and consequences of herd behaviour across different dimensions, this research enhances our knowledge of investor behaviour and lays the groundwork for further studies in this area, emphasizing the need for ongoing research to navigate the complexities of financial markets and ensure their stability and integrity.

Anatomical Connectivity Constrains Dynamic Functional Connectivity among Neural Systems: Implications for Cognition and Behavior.

Leslie Ungerleider had a tremendous impact across many different areas of cognitive neuroscience. Her ideas and her approach, as well as her findings, will continue to impact the field for generations to come. One of the most impactful aspects of her approach was her focus on the ways that anatomical connections constrain functional communications among brain regions. Furthermore, she emphasized that changes in these functional communications, whether from lesions to the anatomical connections or temporary modulations of the efficacy of information transmission resulting from selective attention, have consequences for cognition and behavior. By necessity, this short review cannot cover the vast amount of research that contributed to or benefited from Leslie's work. Rather, we focus on one line of research that grew directly from some of Leslie's early work and her mentoring on these important concepts. This research and the many other lines of research that arose from these same origins has helped develop our understanding of the visual system, and cognitive systems more generally, as collections of highly organized, specialized, dynamic, and interacting subsystems.

Magma Chamber Response to Ice Unloading: Applications to Volcanism in the West Antarctic Rift System.

Volcanic activity has been shown to affect Earth's climate in a myriad of ways. One such example is that eruptions proximate to surface ice will promote ice melting. In turn, the crustal unloading associated with melting an ice sheet affects the internal dynamics of the underlying magma plumbing system. Geochronologic data from the Andes over the last two glacial cycles suggest that glaciation and volcanism may interact via a positive feedback loop. At present, accurate sea-level predictions hinge on our ability to forecast the stability of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, and thus require consideration of two-way subglacial volcano-deglaciation processes. The West Antarctic Ice Sheet is particularly vulnerable to collapse, yet its position atop an active volcanic rift is seldom considered. Ice unloading deepens the zone of melting and alters the crustal stress field, impacting conditions for dike initiation, propagation, and arrest. However, the consequences for internal magma chamber dynamics and long-term eruption behavior remain elusive. Given that unloading-triggered volcanism in West Antarctica may contribute to the uncertainty of ice loss projections, we adapt a previously published thermomechanical magma chamber model and simulate a shrinking ice load through a prescribed lithostatic pressure decrease. We investigate the impacts of varying unloading scenarios on magma volatile partitioning and eruptive trajectory. Considering the removal of km-thick ice sheets, we demonstrate that the rate of unloading influences the cumulative mass erupted and consequently the heat released into the ice. These findings provide fundamental insights into the complex volcano-ice interactions in West Antarctica and other subglacial volcanic settings.

"What Can We Do?": A Psychological Perspective on (Mal)Adaptive Coping Strategies and Barriers to Coping in an Area of Severe Climate Vulnerability in Bangladesh.

As the mental well-being of billions of people is at risk due to the impacts of climate change, more research is required to better understand the psychological implications of climate vulnerability. This research aims to describe the coping strategies of a climate change affected population and the consequences of adaptation behavior. We conducted 60 qualitative in-depth interviews to elicit the lived experiences of climate-vulnerable men and women in Bhola, Bangladesh. Interviews were analyzed following the tenets of Grounded Theory. Identified coping strategies included "resignation" or "help-seeking" as well as barriers to coping, such as limited "efficacy," limited "time," or "stigma," which constrained participants - especially women - in their coping behavior. Our results indicate that certain barriers can lead people to pursue more easily accessible coping strategies, some of which can be interpreted as maladaptive. It is therefore recommended to lift barriers to coping through community-led interventions, such as platforms for sharing problems and knowledge regarding coping strategies.

Male mating tactics are associated with distinct female cognitive-behavioral profiles in 4 poeciliids

Abstract Male mating tactics, the morphological and behavioral traits that males employ to access potential mates, alter female space use, time budget, and ecology in ways that may have downstream consequences for female behavior and cognition. Courtship tactics, in which males display and females exercise preferences, are common in some taxa. In others, coercive tactics, in which males force matings with limited female choice, predominate. Because behavior and cognition often transcend a single context, we ask whether variation in male mating tactics predictably shapes female behavior and cognition outside of mating. Controlling for predation by using populations housed in ecologically identical mesocosms for multiple generations, we compared female behavioral and cognitive traits of 4 different species across the teleost fish family Poeciliidae. We compared all-coercive Gambusia vittata and Heterandria formosa to Limia perugiae and Xiphophorus nigrensis, species with both coercion and courtship. We assessed females on sociability, activity, boldness, stress movement, cognitive flexibility, and spatial learning. Mating system predicted variation in movement patterns, cognitive flexibility, and spatial learning. Mixed-tactic species showed higher activity, stress movement, and cognitive flexibility than coercion-only taxa. In spatial learning, the all-coercive G. vittata had the highest accuracy and was the only species to show evidence for learning across trials. Multivariate approaches identified movement traits as the largest factors differing between mating systems in cognitive-behavioral syndromes. This work provides the first suggestion that species-level variation in poeciliid male mating tactics is a potential factor contributing to differences in female behavior, cognition, and cognitive-behavioral syndromes.

Adding planning strategies to an experiential and conceptual knowledge-based intervention: Does it help to reduce sedentary time?

ObjectiveThe study compared the effects of an “active” control condition addressing conceptual and experiential knowledge about sedentary behavior, with an intervention condition combining conceptual and experiential knowledge together with action planning, coping planning, and behavioral substitution. We targeted a decrease in sedentary time as the primary outcome. MethodsA preregistered trial (#NCT04131270) was carried out with 603 participants aged 11–86 years (M = 33.57; 65.2% women), randomly assigned to the “planning + knowledge” condition or the “knowledge” condition. Sedentary time was assessed with ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometers at baseline, 1-week, and 36-week follow-ups. Conceptual knowledge strategies involved information about health consequences and instructions on how to perform behaviors while experiential knowledge was enhanced by participants taking/discussing photographs of their home environment that has been triggering sedentary behavior. Action/coping plans referred to ways to substitute sedentary behavior with bouts of physical activity behaviors. Mixed models were fit. ResultsNo significant Time × Condition interaction was found. In the total sample, sedentary time estimated to be around 502.34 min/day at baseline, showed a significant linear decline over time (p = .002), by approximately −1.22 min per each month elapsing since baseline (−9.76 min/day across 8 months). ConclusionsThe findings suggest that applying behavior change techniques targeting both conceptual and experiential knowledge about antecedents, circumstances, and consequences of sedentary behavior may result in a small reduction of sedentary time. Adding action plans, coping planning, and behavioral substitution did not improve the effectiveness of the intervention.

AAP, HHS warn against expulsions and suspensions

Last fall the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) issued an important policy statement giving guidance to schools — and parents — on student suspension and expulsion. These two consequences for unacceptable student behavior are severe, and traditionally reserved for “behaviors that caused serious harm, such as bringing a weapon to school.” Suspension and expulsion exclude the student from school.

Mutaffifin Suresi'nin İlk Üç Ayeti Üzerine Bir İnceleme

This article provides an in-depth examination of the first three verses of Surah Al-Mutaffifin. The surah emphasizes the core Islamic principles of justice and honesty in trade. The verses strongly condemn fraudulent practices in commerce and highlight the negative consequences of such behavior, both religiously and socially. The article discusses the linguistic analysis of the verses, classical and modern interpretations, jurisprudential perspectives, and their place in Islamic law. Additionally, it explores the relevance of these verses in today's commercial practices and their significance in modern Islamic trade law. Keywords: Surah Al-Mutaffifin, honesty in trade, Islamic trade law, jurisprudential interpretation, justice, social responsibility, fraudulent trade.