Individual Consciousness Research Articles

New ethics as a reaction to globalization

Topicality. In the modern geopolitical space, the most urgent issue is the national security of individual states in the conditions of various forms of geopolitical expansion. Ukraine is at the epicenter of these extremely difficult conditions. The national security of our country is under threat. Socio-political forecasts and globalization processes point to the reformatting of the consciousness not only of an individual nation, but also of the entire world society. The cultures of the peoples of the entire planet Earth are under the powerful influence of globalization processes. The purpose of the article is to analyze the expected and unexpected changes that we will receive as a result of this large-scale and multifaceted process. especially the emergence of new ethics as a reaction to globalization. Therefore, the main tasks are to determine the possible interpretations of globalization processes in the conditions of geopolitical expansion, the main manipulative components: politics, economy, mass culture, mass media; analysis of consequential phenomena, such as: deformed consciousness of individuals and society as a whole, crisis of self-understanding in the globalized world, risks of loss of identity. As a result of the research, it was found that we associate the emergence of new narratives, norms, and prescriptions with the emergence of new ethics, which will become the main regulator within the limits of civilized globalization. As a conclusion, it can be argued that the most important problem remains the place of man and his relationships in the world of total globalization.

Personal sovereignty: how to protect yourself from mind manipulation

The article reveals the reasons for the dependence of individual consciousness on social consciousness, lack of identity regarding the content, the “silent” nature of life activity of an individual, the dominance culture of social ways of understanding and feeling reality in the current, and meaningful interpretation of social facts and events. It is argued that today, in order to resist the aggression of consciousness manipulation, a person needs to master the technique of spiritual security, which includes specific techniques to protect the thought and emotional autonomy of his personality.

The Psychological Security of an Individual in the Urban Environment: Definition of the Construct

The article analyzes the basic definitions of psychological security, the approaches to this phenomenon, and reviews the concepts of security psychology. It also provides a brief overview of how this concept emerged. Psychological security is examined in the context of environmental and urban settings, linking psychological security to individual characteristics of urban dwellers. The study shows that psychological security is considered in a variety of contexts, and the semantic field of psychological security has changed over time, psychological security of urban dwellers has mainly been studied in relation to overcoming fear of crime. A series of narrative interviews was performed to analyze the semantic field of the concept “psychological security of urban residents” in the individual consciousness of the respondents and to identify the indicators of psychological security. The respondents (n = 28) participating in the study represent Yekaterinburg residents with different levels of education, income, and length of residence in the city. The interviews collected information on the characteristics of the respondents (gender, age, education, income level, city residence time). It did not follow a standardized interview schedule, but included questions such as: “What do you think about the city you are living in now?”, “What is it like to live here?”, “Do you ever feel scared, worried, panicked or afraid in your daily life in this city?”, “Can you describe you sensations when you feel safe in your daily life?” The analysis of the interviews enabled us to obtain a representation of the state of psychological security of city dwellers and to identify universals that constitute the indicators of psychological security of city dwellers: “freedom”, “comfort”, “self-efficacy”, “trustworthy relationships”, “control over the environment” and “reliability”, which cover three different forms of experiences and reactions of individuals with regard to the city: affective, cognitive and behavioral. The definition of psychological security of the individual in the urban environment is formulated. This can serve as a basis for the development of recommendations for designing a safe urban environment.

The Dynamics of Ancient Thought: How Philosophies Shaped Changing Societal Ideospheres

In contemporary society, achieving significant national revival and progress necessitates a thorough and nuanced analysis of diverse ideas and perspectives aimed at rejuvenating our ideological framework. This includes drawing meaningful conclusions and lessons from these analyses. It is imperative to study the socio-philosophical dimensions of the evolution of various ideas concerning the renewal of societal ideology. This exploration should particularly focus on the contributions of Eastern and Western thinkers who have proposed transformative concepts for renewing consciousness and thought. The perspectives articulated by these philosophers have profoundly influenced the historical trajectory of spiritual and intellectual development across civilizations. These ideas emerged and evolved through the examination of the social environment, human relationships, and the ongoing quest to transform and understand the world. They reflect the advancement of scientific thought, spiritual progress, and the evolution of democratic societies, all of which contribute to the promotion and implementation of ideospheric renewal. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the scientific and philosophical perspectives of key thinkers, scholars, and public figures on the renewal of societal ideology. It explores the insights of ancient philosophers such as Zoroaster, Confucius, Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, highlighting the critical importance of integrating these renewal concepts, with a particular focus on transforming individual consciousness.

New Art Therapy Technology – Quilling

This research work aims to study the main features of quilling technology in art therapy, as well as its impact on group and individual consciousness. The study’s methodological approach was the search and theoretical analysis of thematic literature studying the quilling technique of art therapy, as well as art therapy in general. In this article, the theoretical method, the method of comparative analysis, as well as the method of pedagogical experiment were used. As a result of the scientific research, the technology of art therapy as such was analysed, and its components and influence on children and adults were studied. Also, after performing a pedagogical experiment, the influence of quilling technology on students of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University was studied, and the results were analysed. According to the results of the pedagogical experiment, quilling art has a positive effect on individuals, as well as on the general mood of the group, and the use of the quilling technique as an art-therapeutic tool brings positive changes to the psychosomatics of an individual and a group in general. This research work is of practical importance in the study of the art of quilling as an art-therapeutic method in the development of fine motor skills in the hands of adults and children, as well as the improvement of the psychological state after psychological traumas of various kinds.

Individual Investors' Consciousness and Investment on Common Stocks

Individual Investors' Consciousness and Investment on Common Stocks

Opera Metamorphoses of the Story of Manon Lescaut

"In the article, the opera genre is comprehended in its two hypostases – as the one inheriting the mythological tradition through the plots and experience of literature, and in the dynamics of the manifestation of individual creative consciousness. The tendency to demythologize the opera genre did not exclude the typification of situational motifs genetically related to the myth, while giving rise to their variable plurality in the new socio-cultural and artistic-aesthetic conditions. As a result, the opera reveals the ability to operate with archetypes, drawing closer to the mythopoetic consciousness. The considered compositions by D. Auber, J. Massenet, G. Puccini, H. W. Henze demonstrate the variety of opera metamorphoses of the story by Abbé Prévost. The path from the idealization of plot situations through the disclosure of the drama of feelings to the reduction of conflicts to the level of a tabloid story closes the circle of semantic overtones of the literary source. Keywords: opera, mythopoetics, story by Abbé Prévost, compositions by D. Auber, J. Massenet, G. Puccini, H. W. Henze."

Философско-эстетические воззрения Г.В.Ф. Гегеля и В.С. Соловьева: к вопросу о влиянии

The article provides a comparative analysis of the aesthetic views of G.W.F. Hegel (based on the material of “Lectures on Aesthetics” prepared for publication by H.-G. Goto) and V.S. Solovyov. The presented history of the question of the influence of Hegelian philosophy on Solovyov's work demonstrates the prospects and productivity of research related to the issues of aesthetics of Solovyov and Hegel. In this regard, there is a need to summarize the results of the investigations on this topic, making a number of important clarifications and revealing previously intended points of convergence and divergence of the two philosophers. Both general aesthetic problems (the meaning of beauty in nature, the connection between beauty and the absolute idea) and applied issues of an art and literary nature (justification of the hierarchy of arts, features of lyrical poetry) are considered. A direct and hidden polemic of Solovyov with Hegel's ideas is revealed: the objection to the subjectivity of the perception of beauty in nature, the emphasis on the need to spiritualize substance under the influence of beauty. Clarifying the understanding of the role of art in history by Hegel and Solovyov makes it possible to more clearly trace the grandiose prospects for the development of art in the Russian philosopher, whose concept of theurgic creativity will later be adopted by younger symbolists. Speaking not only as a philosopher, but also as a poet, Solovyov criticizes Hegel's position on lyrical poetry as an expression of the individual subjective consciousness of the artist. It is demonstrated how the Hegelian dialectical method is implemented by Solovyov in characterizing the stages of development of Russian poetry of the XIX century. It is suggested that the dialectic of freedom and necessity was interpreted by Solovyov when presenting the theory of fate as the Providence of God.

Fixed cost allocation using asymmetrical core-Nash bargaining DEA game

This paper introduces cooperative game theory into the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method for building a novel fixed cost allocation (FCA) approach from group and individual consciousness. We start by acknowledging the divergences of decision-making units (DMUs) and propose an asymmetrical Nash bargaining DEA game, where DMUs’ bargaining powers are defined through the functions of cross-efficiency and operation scale. However, the asymmetrical Nash bargaining solution is proposed from an individual perspective, without providing the theoretical support of full cooperation. To narrow this gap, we further introduce the core concept of a coalitional cooperative game into the built asymmetrical Nash bargaining DEA game, resulting in the asymmetrical core-Nash bargaining DEA game. The asymmetrical core-Nash bargaining solution is based on the common weights, with the properties of stability, fairness, Pareto-efficiency, and invariance to affine transformation. Furthermore, our proposed approach inherently ensures the uniqueness of the fixed cost scheme. Finally, numerical analysis and case study are provided to show the concrete application of the new method.

The efficacy and safety of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation for patients with minimally conscious state: a sham-controlled randomized double-blind clinical trial.

Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has emerged as a potentially effective neuromodulation technique for addressing neurological disorders, including disorders of consciousness. Expanding upon our prior clinical study, which demonstrated the superior effectiveness of a 4-week taVNS treatment in patients with minimally conscious state (MCS) compared to those in a vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness state, the aim of this investigation was to evaluate the safety and therapeutic efficacy of taVNS in individuals with MCS through a sham-controlled randomized double-blind clinical trial. A cohort of 50 adult patients (male = 33, female = 17) diagnosed with a MCS were randomly assigned to either the active taVNS (N = 25) or sham taVNS (N = 25) groups. The treatment period lasted for 4 weeks, followed by an 8-week follow-up period. The Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) were administered at baseline and weekly during the initial 4 weeks. Additionally, the Disability Rating Scale (DRS) was used to assess the patients' functional abilities via telephone at week 12. Furthermore, various neurophysiological measures, including electroencephalogram (EEG), upper-limb somatosensory evoked potentials (USEP), brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP), and P300 event-related potentials (P300), were employed to monitor changes in brain activity and neural conduction pathways. The scores for the active taVNS group in the CRS-R and GCS showed greater improvement over time compared to the sham taVNS group (CRS-R: 1-week, Z = -1.248, p = 0.212; 2-week, Z = -1.090, p = 0.276; 3-week, Z = -2.017, p = 0.044; 4-week, Z = -2.267, p = 0.023. GCS: 1-week, Z = -1.325, p = 0.185; 2-week, Z = -1.245, p = 0.213; 3-week, Z = -1.848, p = 0.065; 4-week, Z = -1.990, p = 0.047). Additionally, the EEG, USEP, BAEP, and P300 also demonstrated significant improvement in the active taVNS group compared to the sham taVNS group at week 4 (EEG, Z = -2.086, p = 0.037; USEP, Z = -2.014, p = 0.044; BAEP, Z = -2.298, p = 0.022; P300 amplitude, Z = -1.974, p = 0.049; P300 latency, t = 2.275, p = 0.027). Subgroup analysis revealed that patients with MCS derived greater benefits from receiving taVNS treatment earlier (CRS-R, Disease duration ≤ 1-month, mean difference = 8.50, 95% CI = [2.22, 14.78], p = 0.027; GCS, Disease duration ≤ 1-month, mean difference = 3.58, 95% CI = [0.14, 7.03], p = 0.044). By week 12, the active taVNS group exhibited lower Disability Rating Scale (DRS) scores compared to the sham taVNS group (Z = -2.105, p = 0.035), indicating a more favorable prognosis for MCS patients who underwent taVNS. Furthermore, no significant adverse events related to taVNS were observed during treatment. The findings of this study suggest that taVNS may serve as a potentially effective and safe intervention for facilitating the restoration of consciousness in individuals diagnosed with MCS. This therapeutic approach appears to enhance cerebral functioning and optimize neural conduction pathways. http://www.chictr.org.cn, Identifier ChiCTR2200066629.

Discrepancy in diagnoses of diabetes and prediabetes using fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin and the underdiagnosis by ICD-10 coding: data from a tertiary hospital in Thailand.

Early detection of prediabetes and diabetes better prevents long-term health complications. FPG and HbA1c levels are some common laboratory tests utilized as tools to diagnose diabetes and prediabetes, but the agreement rate between these two diagnostic tests varies, which could lead to underdiagnosis and thus undertreatment. This study aimed to analyze the agreement rate between FPG and HbA1c, as well as the physicians' accuracy of using these results to make a prediabetes or diabetes diagnosis through ICD-10 coding at a tertiary care hospital in Bangkok, Thailand. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using secondary data collected in a tertiary hospital's check-up clinic from August 16, 2019 to June 30, 2022 to study the prevalence and diagnosis of diabetes and prediabetes, determined through FPG and HbA1c laboratory results. We analyzed the two laboratory tests' diagnosis agreement rate and the physicians' accuracy of diagnosing diabetes and prediabetes in ICD-10 coding using the FPG and HbA1c results. Among 8,024 asymptomatic participants, the period prevalence diagnosed through laboratory results was 5.8% for diabetes and 19.8% for prediabetes. Diabetes and prediabetes prevalence based on laboratory data differs from that of ICD-10 coding data. Specifically, 79.6% of diabetes patients and 32.3% of prediabetes patients were coded using the ICD-10 coding system. 4,094 individuals had both FPG and HbA1c data. The agreement rate for diagnosing diabetes and prediabetes between the two laboratory results is 89.5%, with Kappa statistics of 0.58. Using only one of the two laboratory results would have missed a substantial number of patients. Our findings highlight screening test discrepancies and underdiagnosis issues that impede diagnostic accuracy enhancement and refined patient management strategies. Early diagnoses of prediabetes and diabetes, especially before symptoms arise, could increase health consciousness in individuals, thereby enabling the implementation of lifestyle modifications and prevention of serious health complications. We emphasize the importance of diagnosing these conditions using both FPG and HbA1c, along with subsequent accurate ICD-10 coding. Even though some hospitals lack certified HbA1c testing, we suggest enhancing the availability of HbA1c testing, which could benefit many people in Thailand.Clinical trial registration:https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org, identifier [TCTR20230824003].

Lacunarity and Neology: Diachronic Aspect (Based on the Material of Russian Writers’ Epistolary Texts of the 19th Century)

Purpose. The author considers the problem of establishing a correlation between lacunarity and neologization of the language system in the diachronic aspect using methods of semantic, contrastive, contextual, corpus and quantitative analysis. The material for the study is Russian writers’ epistolary texts of the second half of the 19th century. The author specifies the meaning of the term lacuna in relation to diachrony: a lacuna is an empty cell in the lexical system of a language, revealed retrospectively by detecting means that compensate for it. Results. The author’s classification of lacunae is based on a semiotic criterion: conceptual lacunae are empty cells in the lexical system, which are characterized by the absence of both the signifier and the signified (concept); lexical lacunae are empty cells in the lexical system, which lack a signifier, but have a non-verbalized signified that exists in public or individual consciousness. Conclusion. Extralinguistic and intra-linguistic factors determined the formation and compensation of communicatively significant lacunae in the lexical system at the level of language and speech: changes in the socio-political, economic, cultural life of Russia; interlanguage contacts; the need for nomination or re-designation of the concept; the laws of linguistic regularity, analogy, generalization and differentiation, economy, the tendency to expressiveness.

МЕДІАРЕАЛЬНІСТЬ ЯК ЗАСІБ ВПЛИВУ НА ГРОМАДСЬКУ ДУМКУ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ ТИМЧАСОВО ОКУПОВАНИХ ТЕРИТОРІЙ ЗАПОРІЗЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ)

<p><strong><em>The purpose of the study</em></strong><em> is to examine media reality as a tool of propaganda and manipulation in the context of influencing public opinion, demonstrate the means of its construction using regional print media and digital media as examples, operating in the temporarily occupied territories of the Zaporizhia region.</em></p><p><strong><em>Research methodology.</em></strong><em> During the research, methods of systematization, analysis, and synthesis were applied. The author conducted a review and fact-checking of printed and digital materials from the temporarily occupied territories of the Zaporizhia region to examine the media reality portrayed in them. The sample included propagandistic materials from June that were disseminated in the temporarily occupied territories of the Zaporizhia region, including excerpts from the newspaper «Parliamentary Assembly of the Union of Belarus and Russia</em><em>»</em><em> (June 23–29, 2023, No. 26), «Zaporozhsky Vestnik» (No. 10), and digital materials (specifically, the Telegram channel «Zaporozhsky Vestnik» and the website ZP-news.ru). Hypotheses were also formulated regarding how media reality can influence public opinion.</em></p><p><strong><em>Results.</em></strong><em> In this study, we examined potential tools of media reality influence on public opinion (using the example of citizens residing in temporarily occupied territories of the Zaporizhia region). The theoretical analysis indicated that the impact of media reality on the consciousness of individuals and groups was explored as far back as the previous century. However, the topic remains relevant to this day. Among the key works that laid the foundation for this research, it is worth mentioning the contributions of H. Adorno, P. Bourdieu, J. Baudrillard, R. Barthes, G. Lasswell, M. McLuhan, I. Matsishina, O. Moskvich, M. Sanakoyev, L. Chernyavska, and others. Notably, communication scholars V. Schramm and D. Roberts pointed out that governmental structures seek to present a different reality to society when they sense a lack of their own strength and convictions. The proposed author’s definition of the concept of media reality is as follows: a constructed socio-cultural reality, a virtual space, a collection of phenomena and processes reflected or distorted in the media that influence perception, understanding, and the way people interact with the real world, shape public opinion, and can be directed towards changing consumer behavior. Additionally, a practical analysis of propagandistic sources introduced in circulation in the temporarily occupied territories of the Zaporizhia region suggests that constructing media reality is a crucial element of mass influence. This is achieved through a range of instruments, including the creation of an information vacuum, the application of «pseudo-fact-checking» or accusing the Ukrainian side of disseminating false information, omission or downplaying of information, crafting specific symbols and visual images to impact the subconscious, publishing emotional content, activating the «spiral of silence», and frequent repetition of messages.</em></p><p><strong><em>Practical significance.</em></strong><em> In the context of Russia’s information warfare against Ukraine, the research findings can be applied to develop countermeasures against hostile propaganda and reintegrating residents in the temporarily occupied territories.</em></p><p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> propaganda, media reality, fakes, narratives, information war, media literacy, key messages, temporarily occupied territories of Zaporizhzhia region, manipulation, fact-checking.</em></p>

INCONSISTENT REALITIES OF ONLINE-EDUCATION

The article discusses some issues related to the transformation of the education system, which is largely due to the penetration of digital tools into the educational environment. The demand for IT technologies is emphasized, on the one hand, by the requirements of digitalization of the economy, which needs highly qualifi ed information specialists, and on the other hand, by methodological and didactic teaching practices, which are largely based on the use of electronic resources. The analysis of the contradictory nature of online education is given, the positive and negative consequences of its use in the educational process are investigated, its role in the processes of adaptation to the rapidly changing social and educational context is considered, its importance as the most important factor of socialization is emphasized. It is emphasized that distance learning is not only qualitatively new, but also a suffi ciently productive and fl exible form of learning that can be applied in various educational settings, and this is its universality. Attention is drawn to the fact that the success and relevance of distance education depend on the degree of use of traditional forms of education, the use of educational methods and practices that have become classical. The role of digitalization in strengthening the processes associated with the individualization of learning is emphasized, which is dictated by the requirements of industry 4.0. Digitalization creates conditions for self-realization, the formation of a space of competencies and skills that are in demand in post-industrial times. At the same time, negative psycho-emotional consequences of excessive fascination with IT tools are revealed, which often become mechanisms of manipulation of individual and collective consciousness. These problems taken together determine the objectives of the study – to draw attention to the ambiguous nature of online education, to show its relevance to the realities of socio-economic and educational time, to demonstrate the benefi ts and advantages that are provided by real-time learning, but based on the use of electronic resources. Being essentially an innovative pedagogical practice, distance learning meets the requirements of a transforming education system in which increased attention is paid to the issues of individualization of learning. Personalization as one of the leading trends allows us to expand the range of additional knowledge, as well as digital competencies demanded by modern modernization processes, which are somehow caused by the digitalization of the economy. The results of the study allow us to identify objective factors contributing to the disclosure of the contradictory nature of online education, the defi nition of the main trends in its development, the need to use it as an educational technology. The scientifi c novelty consists in identifying and analyzing those factors that ensure the effectiveness of digitalization of education, taking into account its possible consequences.

Public decision making by women’s self-help groups and its contributions to women’s empowerment: Evidence from West Bengal, India

Despite considerable efforts made by development scholars and practitioners to address women’s subordinate status, gender inequality remains pervasive. Feminist scholars have advocated for a reframing of the notion of women’s empowerment that shifts away from a purely economistic approach to one that encompasses individual consciousness, resource access, and collective action components. Women’s self-help groups (SHGs) present an opportunity to address such goals. Yet, evidence of how SHGs can leverage their collective power to generate positive change and transform perceptions of women’s abilities remains scant. Using process tracing, we demonstrate how women’s collective decision making in the public sphere can lead to women’s empowerment by illustrating how a group of SHGs in West Bengal, India formed a group identity and leveraged its power to execute community-based initiatives. This involved: (1) the establishment of trust, unity, and solidarity among group members via effective leaders who emphasized the consistent participation of all members in group activities; (2) the development of the SHGs’ sense of self-sufficiency and their legitimacy as decision-making bodies within their community through a self-led project to establish a grain bank in their village; and (3) the exercise of that legitimacy and developing sense of authority via organization around a controversial goal—alcohol prohibition—that sought to change male behavior for women’s benefit. We conclude that public decision making by SHGs working collaboratively at scale can lead to enduring empowerment because it can put women in a position to challenge patriarchal norms.

Modular brain network in volitional eyes closing: enhanced integration with a marked impact on hubs.

Volitional eyes closing would shift brain's information processing modes from the "exteroceptive" to "interoceptive" state. This transition induced by the eyes closing is underpinned by a large-scale reconfiguration of brain network, which is still not fully comprehended. Here, we investigated the eyes-closing-relevant network reconfiguration by examining the functional integration among intrinsic modules. Our investigation utilized a publicly available dataset with 48 subjects being scanned in both eyes closed and eyes open conditions. It was found that the modular integration was significantly enhanced during the eyes closing, including lower modularity index, higher participation coefficient, less provincial hubs, and more connector hubs. Moreover, the eyes-closing-enhanced integration was particularly noticeable in the hubs of network, mainly located in the default-mode network. Finally, the hub-dominant modular enhancement was positively correlated to the eyes-closing-reduced entropy of BOLD signal, suggesting a close connection to the diminished consciousness of individuals. Collectively, our findings strongly suggested that the enhanced modular integration with substantially reorganized hubs characterized the large-scale cortical underpinning of the volitional eyes closing.

Analysis of the evaluation zone of the concept "Civil War" in A. Fadeev's novel "The Rout"

The relevance of the research lies in the fact that in linguistics, the study of concepts is an urgent direction that allows us to consider words in their cultural, cognitive and communicative contexts. The purpose of the study is to characterize the evaluation zone of the concept of "Civil War" in A. Fadeev's novel "The Rout". The description of the concept "Civil War" allows us to clarify the peculiarity of the individual experience of cognition of this social concept. The variety of interpretative fields is caused by the peculiarity of the conceptualization of the world in the individual consciousness. In the structure of the concept, the interpretative field of the concept "Civil War" as a periphery, its irreplaceable role in conceptual analysis is determined. The main content of the study is the analysis of the evaluative zone of the interpretative field, in which the characteristics and properties inherent in the concept of "Civil War" are always interpreted in a new way. In this study, the author used the method of conceptual analysis, the method of contextual analysis and logical-semantic analysis. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the study of the novel "The Rout" by A. A. Fadeev has practically not received enough attention, despite the fact that it is one of the most representative works of the twenties of the last century. There are very few scientific papers devoted to the concept of "Civil War". The analytical algorithm of concept research can be applied to the conceptual analysis of similar works of art. Being a direct witness of the war, A. A. Fadeev evaluates it based on the impressions of eyewitnesses, and the study demonstrates his generalized view and understanding of the struggle between the reds and whites, which is manifested in a number of moments through the main components of the assessment of the war by different classes of the novel's heroes, which in general constitute the essence of the Civil War. The results of the study allow us to conclude that in the interpretative field, assessments are mostly negative, which reflects the brutality of the war and the fact that class struggle was an integral cause of the Civil War.

Aesthetics of Pure Negativity: Article One. Methodological Principles of Understanding The Phenomenon of Aesthetics of Negativity

The semantics of the modern space-time of history manifests itself as a categorical inadequacy in understanding the essential transformations of the relations between the humanity and history. The invasion of derivative reflections of theoretical research is caused by the neglect of the content of the basis and contradictions of history. The neglect of the latter has provoked a catastrophic situation, when such laws are manifested as the revenge of history for their neglect. The degradation and disintegration of the epistemological framework of theoretical knowledge caused by these reasons reduces the effectiveness of theoretical reflections because particularities can be studied through the whole but the whole cannot be understood on the basis of particularities. Still, particularities are also deconstructed, since the categories of knowledge of the postmodern period are deontologized and deconstructed as described by J. Derrida. In contrast to the universal categories of the classical period, which, being a single system, appeared in pairs, and the break of this parity in the non-classical era, the postclassic is accompanied by the disintegration of each of them. Under such conditions, there is a rigid transfusion of existing forms of being into negative semantics. Despite its non-obviousness (incomprehensivness), this transfusion is cruelly experienced at all levels of social structures. The wounded heart and confused consciousness of individuals, whom are atomized, tired of themselves and of other individuals, do not find solace in the distorted system of public interests, where universally significant and individually significant are in a relationship of antinomies. Under such conditions, there is an annihilation of development and the displacement of the essential features of a person into a specific space of negative aesthetics. This is the aesthetics of replacing the meanings of life with the meanings of deprivation, which Schelling considered the defining condition of the phenomenon of uglyness. This paper offers a vision of the methodological foundations of understanding the phenomenon of aesthetics of negativity.

«Nude Vita» of the Post-classical Regression of the Culture Industry and Retrocausal Reversibility

The article examines the phenomenon of Western visual practices known as “nude vita.” Using the example of landmark nu-projects, the author analyzes socio-philosophical criticism of cultural-industrial post-classical regression by independent Ukrainian and international scholars who study the entropy of contemporary artistic experience. The researchers discussed emphasize the need for an immediate revision of the self-destructive art episteme of postmodernism and the return to social and individual creative consciousness of the essential reflection as a stratagem of transcendental aesthetics. As an additional argument in favor of the validity of such academic criticism, the article draws on the ideas of the modern quantum-mechanical theory of retrocausality, which highlights the importance of the historical-temporal integrity of cultural memory, since the causal effect of temporal reversibility on a subtle spiritual and intellectual level can change the past states of systems through the transformation of future events, which plays an important role in the cultural and artistic context of the here-and-now nation-building.

State-legal Ideology as a Factor of Developed Public Legal Consciousness Formation in the Russian Federation

This article is devoted to the study of the relationship and mutual infl uence of the state-legal ideology and public legal consciousness. The article discusses the possibility of the existence of a state-legal ideology in the Russian Federation in the context of the constitutionally enshrined principle of ideological diversity, and concludes that such an ideology is admissible and necessary. The author reveals the interdependence of the state-legal ideology and public legal consciousness, in particular, through consideration of the content of the functions of the latter. The study establishes the relationship between legal informing and state ideological infl uence. The author analyzes the impact of the state-legal ideology both on the individual legal consciousness of the individual and on the collective consciousness of society, and also notes that the state-legal ideology can be an eff ective means of combating the deformation of both types of legal consciousness, expressed in various forms. The article concludes that the non-ideological existence of the state is impossible, as well as the high role of state-legal ideology as a means of maintaining stable statehood and progressive state building. In addition, based on the results of the study, the position is substantiated, according to which the state-legal ideology should be considered a factor that ensures the formation and constant increase in the level of public legal consciousness as an integral attribute of a democratic constitutional state.