Connectivity Services Research Articles

Hypertext transfer protocol performance analysis in traditional and software defined networks during Slowloris attack

<p>The extensive use of the internet has resulted in novel technologies and protocol improvisation. Hypertext transfer protocol/1.1 (HTTP/1.1) is widely adapted on the internet. However, HTTP/2 is found to be more efficient over transport control protocol (TCP). The HTTP/2 protocol can withstand the payload overhead when compared to HTTP/1.1 by multiplexing multiple requests. However, both the protocols are highly susceptible to application-level denial of service (DoS) attacks. In this research, a slow-rate DoS attack called Slowloris is detected over Apache2 servers enabled with both versions of HTTP in traditional networks and software defined networks (SDN). Server metrics such as server connection time to the webpage, latency in receiving a response from the server, page load time, response-response gap, and inter-packet arrival time at the server are monitored to analyze attack activity. A Monte Carlo simulation is used to estimate threshold values for server connection time and latency for attack detection. This work is implemented in a lab environment using virtual machines, Ryu controller, zodiac FX OpenFlow switch and Apache2 servers. This study also highlights SDN's security benefits over traditional networks.</p>

Analysis of Intermittent Water Distribution Networks Using a Dummy Emitter Device at Each Demand Node

The pipe component of a water distribution network (WDN) is sized based on the fixed design demand considering a peak factor and design period. Simulation of the designed network by a hydraulic solver provides nodal pressure head, head loss, velocity, and flow in each pipe as the prime outputs for the design demand, and it can also be used for extended-period simulation for a particular demand pattern over the supply hours. But, in reality, the behavior of the network does not match with such a result in an intermittent water supply (IWS) system due to the fact that all house service connections behave as an uncontrolled orifice. This has made it a challenging task in understanding and in predicting the behavior of the networks by the municipal engineer once the water starts flowing through the house service connections (HSCs). Though the municipal engineer provides the same pipe size for HSCs to all residences, the flow received by each house could vary based on the available pressure head at the ferrule point of the main water supply pipeline. In reality, maintaining constant pressure at each HSC is not feasible due to frictional head loss. Hence, variation in flow at the HSC is inevitable even with a small water supply system. This paper illustrates how to simulate the behavior of an IWS system based on the number of HSCs provided to each pipeline using a hydraulic solver. Hydraulic simulation of the water distribution network that provides IWS to consumers can be implemented easily by adding a fictitious node by assigning an appropriate emitter coefficient to each demand node through a fictitious link having a check valve in it. The method for finding the appropriate value of the emitter coefficient that helps in simulating HSCs is illustrated in the present work.

Perancangan Absensi Berbasis Web Dengan Metode Waterfall (Studi Kasus: PT. GlobalRiau Data Solusi)

Employee attendance is an important activity for the company because it can affect the amount of revenue. In implementing the recording procedure, this attendance requires accuracy in order to produce a good attendance report. PT GlobalRiau Data Solution (GDS) is a company or industry that provides Internet connections and other related services. GDS has a communication infrastructure connected to the Internet, where GDS then shares its network connection capacity with customers who need network connection services. Previously, attendance at PT.GDS was carried out manually within the company, but this manual process had many obstacles, including manipulation of attendance even with ineffective data storage. Therefore, the research aims to design a website-based attendance system or attendance recording using the waterfall method so that it can improve the attendance process to be more efficient. Web technology is used because it offers advantages, such as being able to work on any system as long as there is an internet connection and does not require a computer with a high capacity to run a web application while the use of the waterfall method is applied sequentially and systematically. The waterfall method begins design to maintenance and is implemented in stages.

MarketTrust: blockchain-based trust evaluation model for SIoT-based smart marketplaces

Due to the significance of trust in Social Internet of Things (SIoT)-based smart marketplaces, several research have focused on trust-related challenges. Trust is necessary for a smooth connection, secure systems, and dependable services during trade operations. Recent SIoT-based trust assessment approaches attempt to solve smart marketplace trust evaluation difficulties by using a variety of direct and indirect trust evaluation techniques and other local trust rating procedures. Nevertheless, these methodologies render trust assessment very sensitive to seller dishonesty, and a dishonest seller may influence local trust scores and at the same time pose a significant trust related threats in the system. In this article, a MarketTrust model is introduced, which is a blockchain-based method for assessing trust in an IoT-based smart marketplace. It has three parts: familiarity, personal interactions, and public perception. A conceptual model, assessment technique, and a global trust evaluation system for merging the three components of a trust value are presented and discussed. Several experiments were conducted to assess the model's security, viability, and efficacy. According to results, the MarketTrust model scored a 21.99% higher trust score and a 47.698% lower average latency than both benchmark models. Therefore, this illustrates that using the proposed framework, a potential buyer can efficiently choose a competent and trustworthy resource seller in a smart marketplace and significantly reduce malicious behavior.

Between alternative and traditional social platforms: the case of gab in exploring the narratives on the pandemic and vaccines.

The phenomenon of deplatforming intended as the removal of social media accounts because of breaking rules on mainstream platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and Instagram recently increased due to new terms and conditions of use of digital media, and new alternative social media platforms emerged and presented themselves as protectors of freedom expression. In this way, it becomes interesting to understand better the context of these platforms' so-called web suburbs that consist in those digital places that ≪host what we can generally call "subcultures," including fandoms, religious sects, political extremists, and subcultures≫. Since April 2020, Gab can be considered the most widespread alternative platform in Western countries, with twenty million users daily, born as Twitter and Facebook alternative social media. The alternative social media platforms are intended as other connection services between users, which is halfway between a social media and a discussion forum born to boycott the censorship actions of the main social media platforms (Meta Group, Twitter, etc.) and celebrate free speech even on controversial positions. How are sensitive topics, such as the one that concerns the skepticism related to the approvals of vaccines during the pandemic, addressed on the alternative social media platform compared to how they are dealt with on the mainstream social media platforms? This explorative work wonders about the users' points of view on vaccine concerns and the relevant differences between Gab and Facebook in addressing this topic. The empirical part of this work has been set starting from the dataset composed of Gab and Facebook content posted between March 2020 and July 2021. The posts were extracted with web scraping techniques (for Gab) and proprietary data tools (for Facebook), querying the keywords: vaccine, vaccines, anti-vax (no-vax), Covid, Covid-19, coronavirus. The collection procedure considered the different platforms' structure and their different organization of the interaction spaces. The population consisted of 8000 English writers' posts, from which 2000 posts with the highest interaction value were extracted. The dataset was analyzed using Topic Modeling, Factor, and Classification Analysis techniques. Our work's methodological output deals with comparing these social media platforms, bearing in mind their ontological objects and their algorithms' role. From the analysis emerged the differences and similarities of the social media platforms in terms of the type of content published, rates of involvement, sources of information, and directions of the considered speech. These differences have been duly highlighted by three clusters related to discourse orientation and communication approach: Conflict of views, Emotional externalization, Recommendation and practices. In addition to the type of communication and information circulating on a powerful platform such as Gab, the results help us understand the different narratives promoted on the two social media platforms and their role in the possible promotion of the same sentiment, opinions, and ideological polarization.

Designing and evaluating the children’s developmental motor disorders system: an experience from a developing country

BackgroundDevelopmental disorders are a prevalent problem in the health sector of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and children in these countries are at greater risk. A registry system is helpful and vital to monitoring and managing this disease.ObjectiveThe present study aims to develop an electronic registry system for children's developmental motor disorders.MethodsThe study was conducted between 2019 and 2020 in three phases. First, the requirements of the system were identified. Second, UML diagrams were first drawn using Microsoft Visio software. Then, the system was designed using the ASP.NET framework in Visual Studio 2018, and the C# programming language was used in the NET 4.5 technology platform. In the third phase, system usability was evaluated from the users' viewpoint.ResultsThe findings of this research included system requirements, a conceptual model, and a web-based system. The client and system server connection was established through the IP/TCP communication protocol in a university physical network. End users approved the system with an agreement rate of 87.14%.ConclusionThe study's results can be used as a model for designing and developing systems related to children's developmental movement disorders in other countries. It is also suggested as a valuable platform for research and improving the management of this disease.

The Effect of Satisfaction and Ease of Use on Loyalty and Its Impact on the Positive Word of Mouth of MBca Users in Bandar Lampung


 The development of information technology, telecommunications and the internet has led to the emergence of various internet-based business applications. One of the banks that utilizes internet technology in serving its customers is Bank Central Asia (BCA) with MBca Mobile. The problem of this research is whether the variables of satisfaction and usability have an influence on loyalty and have an impact on positive word of mouth for mBca users. This study aims to determine the effect of satisfaction and usability on loyalty and its impact on positive word of mouth of mBca users. The sample of this study amounted to 150 and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results of the study note that the role of the satisfaction variable as a usability mediating variable to form loyalty and has a relatively large positive impact on word of mouth. So that all hypotheses in this study can be accepted. The suggestion put forward is that BCA needs to improve the MBca service connection so that failures when consumers transact can be avoided by working with telecommunications providers so that they get guaranteed reliable internet connections. As well as increasing the operator's ability can be done with training so that the speed and accuracy of the service can be increased.

PC Puma: conectando a la comunidad

The goal of the PC Puma program is to integrate technology into the academic life of students and teachers, thus allowing Access to digital tools and content that strengthenthe teaching and learning process. Its initiative is in tune with the evolution of education and technology and is prepared to adapt to future changes and challenges that may arise. In addition, the program seeks to reduce the technology gap by providing wireless connectivity services and loaning computer equipment to those who do not have Access to them. By offering digital tools, the program helps the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico community to develop technological and digital skills that are fundamental for today’s society. In this article, the project is presented from a historical perspective, emphasizing the incorporation of the program in the different UNAM campuses, and highlighting its relevance in the Faculty of Medicine. Keywords: Connectivity; digital divide; PC Puma; ICTs; technological infrastructure.

Useful properties of natural systems within specific parts of the North-Western Black Sea Region's coastal zone

The paper characterizes the term 'ecosystem services' i.e. useful resources and benefits that present-day humanity can receive from nature (both tangible and intangible benefits from the abiogenic and biogenic components of various natural ecosystems). The purpose of the work is to assess the beneficial properties of natural systems of certain parts of the coastal zone of the North-Western Black Sea. There is a quite broad approach to the very concept of ‘ecosystem services’. However, the connection of ecosystem services with natural ecosystems only and their free of charge essence may be often disregarded. The term ‘ecosystem services’ is not appropriate, since natural ecosystems cannot provide any services considering that 'a service' means an act or a purposeful action. Nature exists and does not provide any services, while natural resources and conditions exist independently of human beings.
 The term ‘services’ cannot be used in relation to natural ecosystems, since ‘services’ mean some purposeful activity of a person resulting in occurrence of a beneficial effect that can satisfy any human needs. In the sphere of nature management a natural system serves as a main object of research. When it comes to optimizing the nature management, it is more correct to speak about use of a certain part of natural resources, i.e. about a natural resources potential, rather than about use of them in their entirety. A number of scientists believe that the value of nature is infinite, and, therefore, cannot have a monetary equivalent. However, at present days, the economic valuation of ecosystem services is extremely important to ensure efficient nature management and can form a basis for making informed management decisions. This approach is dominant though, because such monetization helps people in their understanding of importance of conserving the biogenic and abiogenic components of natural systems for the sake of their lives. Instead of the term ‘ecosystem services’ the author suggests using the concept of ‘useful properties of natural systems’, i.e. their providing, regulating and cultural services, as well as supporting properties. The useful properties of natural systems are limited by both hazardous natural processes and physical, chemical and biological pollution of anthropogenic origin. The research offers an assessment of useful properties of natural systems within specific parts of the North-Western Black Sea Region's coastal zone (in Odesa Oblast). These natural ecosystems can provide tangible benefits, however, the possibility of using their beneficial properties is negatively affected by a progressing technogenic impact on the components of the natural environment of urbanization processes, development of industries, energy, transport and agricultural sectors of our economy, and, starting from February 2022, by the military activities and combat operations.

Efficient embedding of service function chains in space-division multiplexing elastic optical networks

Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) are implemented as software instances on generic servers in Data Centers (DCs). A network service is implemented by an ordered list of VNFs, called Service Function Chain (SFC). SFC embedding decides which DC to place/instantiate a VNF, and how to route traffic through the instantiated VNFs/DCs. Benefits from its high capacity and flexibility, the Space-Division Multiplexing Elastic Optical Networks (SDM-EONs) have been proposed as a promising solution to provide connection service between DCs. In this paper, the problem of SFC embedding in SDM-EONs is studied. We first formulate an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) to minimize the Maximum Index of the Utilized Frequency Slot (MIUFS) for a given set of SFC requests. To achieve scalability, a greedy algorithm is proposed to embed SFCs separately. For each SFC, the lowest cost embedding solution can be found by enumeration would be selected for service embedding. A novel stretch algorithm is then designed to reduce the computing complexity further. The key idea is to place VNFs close to the least-cost path between the source and destination of a request. Three strategies to measure the path cost are evaluated. Simulation results show that our stretch algorithm gives the best overall performance in terms of running time, bandwidth consumption, MIUFS and request blocking probability.

Aerial-Aided Multiaccess Edge Computing: Dynamic and Joint Optimization of Task and Service Placement and Routing in Multilayer Networks

Ubiquity in network coverage is one of the main features of 5G and is expected to be extended to the computing domain in 6G. In order to provide ubiquity in communication and computation, the integration of satellite, aerial and terrestrial networks is foreseen. In particular, the rising amount of applications such as In-Flight Entertainment and Connectivity Services (IFECS) and Software Defined Networking-enabled satellites renders network management more challenging. Moreover, due to the stringent Quality of Service (QoS) requirements, edge computing is vital for these applications. Network performance can be boosted by considering components of the aerial network, like aircrafts, as potential Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC) nodes. Thus, to cater to the QoS-critical applications, we propose an Aerial-Aided Multi-Access Edge Computing (AA-MEC) architecture that provides a framework for optimal management of computing resources and internet-based services in the sky. Furthermore, we formulate optimization problems to minimize the network latency for the two use cases of providing IFECS to other aircrafts in the sky and providing services for offloading AI/ML-tasks from satellites. Due to the dynamic nature of the satellite and aerial networks, we propose a re-configurable optimization. For the transforming network we continuously identify the optimal MEC node for each application and the optimal path to the destination MEC node. In summary, our results demonstrate, that using AA-MEC improves network latency performance by 10.43% compared to the traditional approach of using only terrestrial MEC nodes, for latency-critical applications such as online gaming. Furthermore, while comparing our proposed dynamic approach with a static one, we record a minimum of 6.7% decrease in flow latency for IFECS and 56.03% decrease for computation offloading.

Editorial Security, Reliability, and Resilience in Internet of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) has become a popular platform that supports various services, such as smart homes, industrial applications, microsurveillance systems, and smart city services. IoT connects physical devices, such as sensors, thermostats, cell phones, laptops, and servers, and enables them to collect and exchange data. It has been predicted that the number of IoT devices will reach billions by the year of 2025. These sensing devices often generate large amounts of sensitive data and communicate frequently through open channels at a high risk of being compromised. Due to the mission-critical nature of IoT applications, IoT devices must operate in a secure and reliable manner. Any network outage, data loss, or corruption during transmission or in storage can have catastrophic effects on the IoT applications. For their deployment, security and reliability assurance are essential. IoT devices may span multiple layers of the IoT architecture, (e.g., cloud, edge, and sensors) and vary in various service modes, critical levels, and connectivity. When an IoT device encounters unexpected events, it needs to automatically reconfigure its settings and operations, and sometimes even suspend its transmission in a way that cyber resiliency can be achieved.

반려동물을 위한 IoT 기반 이동식 캐리어 디자인과 위치추적장치 개발

As the society developed into a highly industrialized society, familyization of companion animals was promoted, and the basic growth of related industries such as feed, beauty, and pharmaceuticals developed. Recently, wired and wireless communication technology based on sensors, semiconductors, and IoT is also being applied to the location tracking of companion animals that are active outdoors. In particular, various studies are being conducted on theft, accident, location tracking and advance warning of accidents when the blind, disabled, or the elderly are outdoors with companion animals. Therefore, as artificial intelligence (AI) technologies that can comprehensively analyze and determine a large amount of information required between companion animals and humans are applied, so-called ‘pet-tech’ is attracting attention. In monitoring and analysis based on sensor data and momentum, a service centered on the behavior, emotion, and situational awareness of companion animals is provided to consumers, and it is a technology that enables consulting and connection services on the behavior, situation, disease, and abnormal behavior of companion animals. development is gradually increasing. These technical studies related to companion animals lead to the cross-section of animals that accompany humans and become humanized, but on the contrary, it is a case that proves that psychological panic is growing in urbanized human life such as human alienation and loneliness. do. In addition, due to the sharing of space, a product design that can manage cleanliness, hygiene, and health is required, and a planar heating element using nano-carbon is applied as a basic material for antibacterial and odor removal. Nanocarbon is a material that maintains human health, and has been used for a long time because of its excellent life-sustaining power and resilience, such as deodorization, antibacterial action, air purification, early cell activation, pain relief, dehumidification effect, and deep sleep purification. It is also used as a material. In this study, we propose “a mobile carrier and location tracking device based on a planar heating element and IoT for cleanliness, hygiene, and health management where pets and owners coexist”. It tests its performance by supporting a platform that can converge with IoT and track location through product design.

0482 Sleep Apnea Diagnosis Disparities from Serious Mental Illness in a Veteran Cohort

Abstract Introduction Sleep apnea (SA) diagnosis requires multiple steps including an office visit and testing. People with serious mental illness (SMI) may require a longer time from referral to diagnosis and be less likely to complete the full diagnostic pathway because of functional limitations. Methods A retrospective cohort of VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System Veterans referred for sleep medicine consultation (1/1/2010-12/31/2020). Dates of consultation, sleep clinic visits, and testing was collected in addition to demographics, past medical history, and medications at the time of initial consultation. SMI was defined as a composite of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar diagnosed disorder before the initial consultation. The outcome was defined as the time until fulfilling minimal SA diagnostic pathway defined as completing both a sleep clinic appointment and at last one sleep test. Relationships between SMI and pathway completion were tested using survival analyses. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, race, insurance status, service connection percent, Medicare eligibility, marital status, alcohol use, and drug use to account for other potential sources of health disparities. Sensitivity analyses evaluated differences in time to pathway completion via the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test. Results The cohort (n=11,030) was primarily male (91.1%), with mean age of 55.8 ±14.4 yrs, with mean body mass index of 32.9 ± 6.4 kg/m2, and a mean pathway completion in 71 days, interquartile range (IQR): [33, 135]. Those with SMI had similar pathway completion rates (89.9% in SMI vs. 90.2% without), but a longer time to completion (83 days, IQR = [35.5, 185.5] in SMI vs. 70 days IQR: [32, 132]). Pathway completion time was significantly higher in those with SMI (Wilcoxon rank sum test difference = 9.0 days, 95%CI: [4.0, 14.0]. ]SMI was associated with a lower hazard of time to pathway completion (HR = 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI): [0.91, 0.94] in unadjusted and HR = 0.87, 95%CI:[0.81, 0.94]. Conclusion Although pathway completion rates were similar, Veterans with SMI were more likely to take longer before pathway completion. Additional investigation of factors that delay pathway completion may offer tailored avenues to improve the time to diagnosis. Support (if any) VA CSR&D IK2CX001882

Evolution of microstructure, microhardness and surface roughness of Al alloy thin-walled tube during flaring process

Flaring forming has been widely utilized in connecting tubes, fluid pipe circuit components and flight fairings. Surface quality of the flared inner wall significantly affects the connection properties and service reliability. However, the surface microstructure, hardness and roughness of flared thin-walled tubes have long lacked corresponding characterization and correlation analysis. In the present study, wear mechanism of a 5052 Al alloy flared tube is analyzed based on multi-scale characterization. Furthermore, the impact of flaring process parameters including spindle speed, feed rate and holding time on the surface roughness is investigated by considering the evolution of microstructure and microhardness. The results reveal that adhesive wear is the main wear mechanism in the flared tube, accompanied by a small amount of abrasive wear. The effect of process parameters on dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and grain orientation are also analyzed in detail. Based on ANOVA analysis, the spindle speed is found as the most crucial controllable parameter affecting the surface roughness. The feed rate is the second important parameter, while the holding time is found to be insignificant. Simulation and experimental results indicate that with the increase of strain, surface roughness first increases and then decreases. This non-monotonic trend is associated with the evolution of strain (strain rate, strain path, etc.) and microstructure (DRX, texture, hardening, etc.).

IRS Assist Wireless communication: Scenarios, Advantages, Convergence

Intelligent Reflective Surfaces (IRS), as a passive, low-cost, and green technology, are widely considered to address the high complexity, high hardware costs, and increased power consumption pressures faced by future wireless networks to provide large-scale connectivity services to a larger number of devices around the world. This paper summarizes the advantages of IRS technology compared with other technologies, and demonstrates the effectiveness of IRS assisted wireless communication technology in new scenarios combined with related technologies. In particular, for IRS assisted relay scenario, the feasibility of this scheme to improve the physical layer security of the system is discussed in detail.

An Analysis of Irregular Discharges From Residential Treatment Programs in the Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System.

Veteran populations are frequently diagnosed with mental health conditions such as substance use disorder and PTSD. These conditions are associated with adverse outcomes including a higher risk of suicide. The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) has designed a robust mental health system to address these concerns. Veterans can access mental health treatment in acute inpatient, residential, and outpatient settings. Residential programs play an important role in meeting the needs of veterans who need more structure and support. Residential specialty types in the VHA include general mental health, substance use disorder, PTSD, and homeless/work programs. These programs are affiliated with a DVA facility (i.e., medical center). Although residential care can improve outcomes, there is evidence that some patients are discharged from these settings before achieving the program endpoint. These unplanned discharges are referred to using language such as against medical advice, self-discharge, or irregular discharge. Concerningly, unplanned discharges are associated with patient harm including death by suicide. Although there is some initial evidence to locate factors that predict irregular discharge in VHA residential programs, no work has been done to examine features associated with irregular discharge in each residential specialty. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients who were discharged from VHA residential treatment programs between January 2018 and September 2022. We included the following covariates: Principal diagnosis, gender, age, race/ethnicity, number of physical health conditions, number of mental health diagnostic categories, marital status, risk of homelessness, urbanicity, and service connection. We considered two discharge types: Regular and irregular. We used logistic regression to determine the odds of irregular discharge using models stratified by bed specialty as well as combined odds ratios and 95% CIs across program specialties. The primary purposes are to identify factors that predict irregular discharge and to determine if the factors are consistent across bed specialties. In a secondary analysis, we calculated facility-level adjusted rates of irregular discharge, limiting to facilities with at least 50 discharges. We identified the amount of residual variation that exists between facilities after adjusting for patient factors. A total of 279 residential programs (78,588 patients representing 124,632 discharges) were included in the analysis. Substance use disorder and homeless/work programs were the most common specialty types. Both in the overall and stratified analyses, the number of mental health diagnostic categories and younger age were predictors of irregular discharge. In the facility analysis, there was substantial variation in irregular discharge rates across residential specialties even after adjusting for all patient factors. For example, PTSD programs had a mean adjusted irregular discharge rate of 15.3% (SD: 7.4; range: 2.1-31.2; coefficient of variation: 48.4%). Irregular discharge is a key concern in VHA residential care. Patient characteristics do not account for all of the observed variation in rates across residential specialty types. There is a need to develop specialty-specific measures of irregular discharge to learn about system-level factors that contribute to irregular discharge. These data can inform strategies to avoid harms associated with irregular discharge.

Mathematical modeling of resource allocation for cognitive radio sensor health monitoring system using coevolutionary quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization

Independent interactive medical applications cooperate closely with user systems through independent information and data exchange, which realizes digital and intelligent communication for health monitoring system. Due to extensive connectivity and application services, heavy data traffic and limited energy consumption reduce the quality of application services. In this paper, a mathematical model for efficient energy harvesting resource allocation based on cognitive radio sensor network (CRSN) infrastructure is constructed to address energy limitation issues in health monitoring system applications. Because of the highly dynamic nature of available network resources, energy efficiency and communication reliability can be improved. Since the proposed optimization problem is a complex and NP hard problem, coevolutionary theory is adopted, and then a stochastic optimization algorithm based on polynomial approximation and quantum particle swarm optimization is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed CQPSO algorithm has better performance in terms of re-transmission probability, system throughput, and energy consumption compared to other similar algorithms. Efficient resource allocation improves the performance of the health monitoring system, more effectively and real-time monitoring of human physiological and motion information, providing testers with high-precision quantitative information, and achieving early monitoring and intervention of common diseases.

Improved User Authenticated Key Management Scheme for 6G based Industrial Applications

The Network In a Box is only one of the cutting-edge features that the Sixth Generation (6G) mobile technology is anticipated to provide (NIB). The NIB is a multi-generational, readily installable technology that offers connection services to applications utilised in uncommon circumstances, like on the battlefield or during natural catastrophes. Security is becoming even more crucial in the 6G communication system, and the NIB is no exception. Many active and passive attacks on the applications used in the 6G-enabled NIB are possible as a result of the unsecured channel. Having a secure user authentication and key management system in place is therefore essential. In order to protect the 6G-enabled NIB (iUAKMS-NIB) that can be used in industrial applications, this article suggests an enhanced user authentication and management scheme. The suggested method offers the best security against potential assaults on the 6G communication system because it is a modified and upgraded version of UAKMS-NIB. The key benefit of the suggested plan is that it outperforms other schemes in terms of performance. The analytical outcomes demonstrate that the suggested system offers improved security and is capable of withstanding a variety of attacks. In conclusion, the enhanced User Authentication and Management System that has been proposed is a crucial security measure for the 6G-enabled NIB. It performs better than conventional techniques and guarantees safe user authentication and key management

In band full duplex (IBFD) technology for next generation wireless networks: A survey in cellular networks

Next-Generation (NextG) wireless communication networks with their widespread applications require high data rates, seamless connectivity and high quality of service (QoS). To cope up with an unprecedented rise of data hungry applications, users demand more spectral resources imposing a limitation on available wireless spectrum. One of the potential solutions to address the spectrum scarce issue is to incorporate in band full duplex (IBFD) or full duplex (FD) paradigm in next generation networks including 5G new radio (NR). Recently, FD has gained the research interest in cellular networks for its potential to double the wireless link capacity and enhancing spectral efficiency (SE). In half duplex (HD) cellular networks, base stations (BSs) can either perform uplink (UL) or downlink (DL) transmission at a particular time instant leading to reduced throughput levels. Due to the advancement in the self interference reduction (SIR) techniques, full duplex base stations (FD-BSs) can be employed to allow simultaneous UL and DL transmissions at the same time-frequency resources as compared to its HD counterpart. It ideally achieves twice the throughput without any additional complexity at user-equipment(UE). This paper covers a detailed survey on FD cellular networks. A series of SIR approaches, UE-UE mitigation techniques are summarized. Various existing MAC protocols and antenna architectures for FD cellular networks are outlined. An overview of security aspects for FD in cellular networks is also presented. Lastly, various open issues and possible research directions are brought up for FD cellular networks.