Conjunctivitis Patients Research Articles

Uticaj alergijskog konjuktivitisa na debljinu horoidee

Background: To examine the effects of allergic conjunctivitis and its treatment upon choroidal thickness (ChT) using topical antihistaminic agents. Methods: 60 eyes of 30 children and adolescents with allergic conjunctivitis and 60 eyes of 30 healthy controls participated in the study. Inclusion criteria for patient groups were best-corrected visual acuity 20/20 or better, normal intraocular pressure (IOP) and no systemic or ocular diseases other than allergic conjunctivitis. Healthy controls recruited from children and adolescents who had no ocular or chronic systemic disorders and had best-corrected visual acuity 20/20 or better and normal IOP. ChT was measuredby using Enhanced Depth Imaging Optical Coherence Tomography (EDI-OCT) before and after treatment by antihistamine agents. Results: Subfoveal choroidal thicknes mean value was 364.1 ± 63.8 m in the allergic conjunctivitis group and the first-month values after the treatment were 333.5 ± 52.1 m. Subfoveal choroidal thickness means value in the control group was 320.6 ± 80.9 m. There was a statistically significant decrease in ChT after treatment of allergic conjunctivitis patients and there was a significant difference in terms of baseline ChT values between the allergic conjunctivitis group and the control group. There was no significant difference between one month after treatment values and the mean values of the control group. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that ChT can increase in allergic conjunctivitis patients and can become normal again with topical antihistamine treatment. In order to support choroidal thickness to be a marker for the diagnosis and follow-up of allergic conjunctivitis, further studies with larger samples and longitudinal studies are needed.

Correlated Levels of Anti-Inflammatory Interleukins (IL-4 and iL-10) with Allergic conjunctivitis (Ac) in iraqi Patients

Background Allergic conjunctivitis (AC) is caused by an allergic reaction, most common form was hypersensitivity reaction ( type 1), that caused to perennial or seasonal AC. Current study was done in the Hospital of Ibn-AL-Hythem for eyes infections in Baghdad from September- August of 2018, one hundred and thirty-two serum were collected from allergic conjunctivitis patients after diagnostic by a specialist ophthalmologist according to have symptoms, who included 60 male and 72 female, with range age ( 15-51) years. Used the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA kit) from (Pepro-Tech Company , UK) for estimating levels of both Interleukins ( IL-4 and IL- 10) in patients serum Results current study showed higher significant in age group (? 35 years ) as percentage (57.6% ) compare to age group (25- 35) as (28.1%) , also significantly higher in females ( 54.5% ) than males ( 45.5%) , also level of IL – 4 in allergic conjunctivitis patients was (23.91± 2.09) compare to control (21.02± 2.99) ,so significantly increased levels of IL-10 in allergic conjunctivitis patients (14.99 ± 2.30) than control (11.10± 1.99).conclusions current study were concluded higher significant of allergic conjunctivitis Iraqi patients in age group (? 35 years), and the AC in females higher than males, as well as level of IL – 4 in allergic conjunctivitis patients were significant with control, and significantly increased levels of IL-10 in allergic conjunctivitis patients compare to control .

Genetic typing and susceptibility testing of strains from Staphylococcus aureus keratitis or conjunctivitis patients

Objective: To study the relationship between genetic typing and the antibiotic susceptibility of staphylococcus aureus (SA) isolated from keratitis or conjunctivitis patients. Methods: Experimental study. Thirty-four (34) strains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from 34 cases of keratitis or conjunctivitis. The genomic DNA was extracted and amplified with PCR. With the method of multi locus sequences typing (MLST), gene fragments from 7 house-keeping genes were amplified and the products were sequenced. The results were submitted to the MLST website (www.pubmlst.org). In comparison with the allele of the corresponding gene, the allele spectrums of the strain were obtained with 7 housekeeping genes. At last, the MLST genotypes of the isolated strains were determined. With the START software, the evolutionary tree was established with UPGMA method. With the microdilution method, the MIC(90) of 13 antimicrobial agents was determined. The MIC(90) value of antimicrobial agents among different genotypes of Staphylococcus aureus was comparatively analyzed. Results: Ten (10) genotypes were obtained from 34 strains of Staphylococcus aureus. The dominant types were ST239, ST2592 and ST188. The clustering of genotyping was relatively concentrated, mainly in group Ⅰ (25 strains of SA, 83.3% of the total), and followed by group Ⅱ (5 strains of SA, 16.7%). The conjunctival isolates were distributed in the subgroup A of group Ⅰ. The cornea isolates were concentrated in subgroup B and group Ⅱ. With the exact probability method, the R×C chi square tests were used as statistic analysis method. The difference between the bacterial genotyping of two sources was statistically significant (P=0.011). Twenty-four strains of SA in group Ⅰ was sensitive to Vancomycin, Rifampicin and Amikacin (sensitivity ratio was 24/24, 20/24 and 20/24, respectively), and was generally resistant to other antibiotics. The values of MIC(90) of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin to Staphylococcus aureus in subgroup A (0.16±0.07, 0.51±0.42, 0.31±0.14, 0.22±0.33) were significantly lower than the values in subgroup B(0.74±0.11, 0.84±0.45, 0.67±0.03, 0.68±0.26). The difference was statistically significant (P=0.004, 0.026, 0.034, 0.001). There was no significant difference between the MIC(90) values of the other 9 kinds of antibiotics in the subgroup A and in the subgroup B of Staphylococcus aureus (P value 0.047-0.561). Conclusion: The genotype of Staphylococcus aureus of corneal isolations and conjunctival isolations were different. The conjunctival isolates were distributed in the subgroup A of group Ⅰ and the corneal isolates were concentrated in subgroup B and group Ⅱ. There is a significant correlation between the MLST genotypes and antibiotic sensitivity. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2018, 54:767-774).

Spatial analysis between particulate matter and emergency room visits for conjunctivitis and keratitis

BackgroundThe concentration of particulate matter in the air varies depending on the region because it is lightweight and generated from a variety of sources. To assess the relationship between particulate matter and eye disease, this study analyzes the concentration data obtained from spatial analysis of particulate matter and emergency visit data.MethodsThe study included 769 residents of Daegu, Korea who had visited an emergency room for the problem of conjunctivitis or keratitis. Concentrations of PM10 and other air pollutants were obtained from the Korean Ministry of the Environment. PM10 concentrations and the number of patients from each of 143 administrative dongs (sub-municipal level administrative units) of the city of Daegu were obtained using spatial analysis. The patient distribution and PM10 concentration were mapped for comparison, and their relationship was examined using scatter plot, regression analysis, and the independent sample t-test.ResultsThe number of patients with conjunctivitis and keratitis was significantly higher in the regions of the top 20% areas than the bottom 20% areas in terms of PM10 concentration. The distribution of PM10 concentration and number of patients was visually similar on the map. The concentration of PM10 and the number of patients showed a dose–response relationship. When the concentrations of other air polluta9nts were controlled for, the numbers of conjunctivitis and keratitis patients were 0.04 per 1000 ER patients and 0.10 per 1000 ER patients, respectively.ConclusionAs PM10 is associated with the prevalence of conjunctivitis and keratitis, measures to reduce particulate matter through environmental methods are needed.

Molecular Detection of Adenovirus type 2 among Conjunctivitis Patients in Khartoum State- Sudan

Molecular Detection of Adenovirus type 2 among Conjunctivitis Patients in Khartoum State- Sudan

Adenovirus-associated acute conjunctivitis in Beijing, China, 2011\u20132013

BackgroundHuman adenovirus (HAdV)-associated acute conjunctivitis is a common infectious disease and causes significant morbidity among residents in Beijing, China. However, little is known about the epidemiology and type distribution of acute adenoviral conjunctivitis in Beijing.MethodsAcute conjunctivitis surveillance was conducted in 18 hospitals in Beijing from July through October during 2011–2013. HAdVs were detected by PCR from eye swab and types were determined by partial hexon and fiber gene sequencing. Risk factors associated with adenoviral conjunctivitis were analyzed.ResultsOf 876 conjunctivitis cases, 349 (39.8%) were HAdV positive. HAdV detection was most common in conjunctivitis patients aged 18–40 years; patients with contact history with a conjunctivitis case; patients with specimen collected on days 4–6 post symptom onset and patients who worked in food service as catering attendants. Fifteen types were identified among adenoviral conjunctivitis cases. Five HAdV types (HAdV-4, − 37, − 53, − 64 and − 8) accounted for 81.1% of all adenoviral conjunctivitis cases. HAdV-37, − 4 and − 53 were the most common types associated with adenoviral conjunctivitis in 2011, 2012 and 2013, respectively.ConclusionMultiple HAdV types were associated with acute conjunctivitis in Beijing. Predominant types associated with adenoviral conjunctivitis circulating in Beijing varied from year to year.

MOLECULAR STUDY OF MOST COMMON PATHOGENIC BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM CONJUNCTIVITIS PATIENTS IN BAGHDAD

Aim of the study:[The current study was conducted to investigate the causes of bacterial eye infections which included inflammation of conjunctivitis, and detection of molecular study of most common pathogenic bacteriaat different age groups].Method: study was conducted in Educational laboratories of Microbiology-Baghdad medical city,involve taken sample from Ibn al-Hatham teaching hospital,AlKindi specialized hospital and Baghdad medical city / ghazi al– Hariri teaching hospital during the period from December / 2016 to Jun / 2017.Results: Culture investigation showed 194 positive bacterial growth of 200,103 isolate represent Gram positive,91 isolate Gram negative, and 6 no growth.Most common bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus showed high percentage [41(20.5%)], Whileother bacteria less than Staphylococcus aureus.Conclusion:To the best of our knowledge this study was the first study in Iraq explained the molecular study of conjunctivitis patients. That concluded there 41cases infection with Staphylococcus aureusand showed all cases were methicillin resistance (MRSA), but not all carried gene mecA only [35(85.37%)], 13(31.71%) carried Panton-Valentine leukocidingene (PVL), and no one have VanA gene responsible of Vancomycin resistance..

Detection of Bacteria Causing Conjunctivitis in Patients Using Lenses for Vision Correction

The Research included the isolation and identification of bacteria causing conjunctivitis in patients subjected to vision correction operations who attended the ophthalmological clinc in Al-Zahrawi teaching hospital in Mosul city. The study also included testing the ability of one of the isolated bacteria to adhere on the intraocular lens that is used to correct visson (PMMA) and forming biofilms. 20 swab samples were collected from patients of both sexes (12 males and females). The results revealed that 3 samples were negative (15%) and 17 samples were positive (85%), Staphylococcus epidermids was the predominant type 11 isolates (55%) while Staphylococcus aureus was isolated with 30% (6 isolates). When the ability of S. aureus to adhere and form biofilm on lenses by using ELIZA technique, the results were positive, the absorbance values were 0.140, 0.216 and 0.399 at incubation periods 24, 48 and 72 hours respectively. As well as the number of colonies that were formed on lens surfaces was measured after different incubation periods, the results showed that the number of colonies were 6.7, 7.6, 8.1 X106 colony/cm3 in the incubation periods 24, 48 and 72 hours respectively.

A comparative study of Olopatadine and Ketorolac eye drop with Ketorolac eye drop alone in seasonal allergic conjunctivitis

Background: Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis is the most common allergic disorder seen in eyes. The aim of study was to compare the clinical efficacy of combination of 0.4% ketorolac and 0.1% olopatadine with 0.4% ketorolac alone in seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. Material and Method: The study was prospective, double blind parallel group comparative. Two hundred cases enrolled in the study. All the subjects were randomly divided in two groups, 100 in each. Group 1 patients received 0.4% ketorolac eye drop in both eyes 2 times a day and group 2 patients received combination of 0.1% olopatadine and 0.4% ketorolac in both eyes 2 times a day. Observations were collected at baseline and on day 3,7,15 and analyzed statistically regarding improvement in sign and symptoms. Result: In group 1, 50- 60% patients had no sign and symptoms on day 15 whereas in group 2 more than 95% patients showed improvement in clinical picture. p value was significant (p<0.0001) at day 15 in all sign and symptoms and on day 3 in itching and on day 7 in watering. Overall group 2 patients had better and earlier response regarding symptoms of itching at day 3. Conclusion: The combination of 0.1% olopatadine and 0.4% ketorolac was more effective than 0.4% ketorolac alone in seasonal allergic conjunctivitis patients.

A chronological study of the bacterial pathogen changes in acute neonatal bacterial conjunctivitis in southern China

BackgroundThe aim of the project is to retrospectively study the changes in bacterial pathogens in acute neonatal bacterial conjunctivitis from 2002 to 2016 in Southern China. The results may provide the guidance for drug choice for acute neonatal bacterial conjunctivitis.MethodsSecretion specimens for bacterial culture were taken from 485 cases with clinically diagnosed acute bacterial neonatal conjunctivitis. Bacterial pathogens were detected by Gram staining and subsequent bacterial culture.ResultsFrom the analysis of the bacterial pathogens in 485 cases of acute neonatal conjunctivitis patients from 2002 to 2016 in Southern China, there is an overall trend of decreasing detection of Gram-positive bacteria and increasing detection of Gram-negative bacteria from the conjunctival sac secretions. Gram-positive bacteria in the bacteria-positive samples dropped year by year from 82.6% in 2002 to 72.4% in 2016. Accordingly, the ratio of Gram-negative bacteria increased from 17.4% in 2002 to 27.6% in 2016. Of note, despite the overall trend, there was a significant increase in detection of Gram-positive bacteria and decrease in detection of Gram-negative bacteria from 2011 to 2012. Among the Gram-positive bacteria, there is a trend of increasing percentage of the opportunistic pathogens (an ~60% increase in Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus saprophytic) and decreasing percentage of Staphylococcus aureus (~30% decrease) and hemolytic streptococcus (~20% decrease) in the last 15 years. The main Gram-negative bacterium is Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Overall, there is a change in the pattern of bacterial species in acute neonatal bacterial conjunctivitis in Southern China in the last 15 years.ConclusionOur study provides a trend analysis of the bacterial pathogens in the conjunctival sac secretions of the acute neonatal bacterial conjunctivitis patients in Southern China in recent years. This data could provide useful information regarding the treatment options for neonatal bacterial conjunctivitis.

Air pollution and outpatient visits for conjunctivitis: A case-crossover study in Hangzhou, China

BACKGROUNDConjunctivitis, one of the most common ocular surface diseases, can be caused by many factors. OBJECTIVESThe objective of this study was to investigate the potential association between conjunctivitis and air pollutants. MATERIALS AND METHODSData of 9737 outpatient visits for conjunctivitis from July 1, 2014 to June 30, 2016 were obtained from the Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. The data were linked to data on the concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and fine particulate matter with a median aerometric diameter of less than 10 and 2.5 μm (PM10 and PM2.5, respectively), which were obtained from the Environmental Protection Department of Zhejiang Province. A time-stratified case-crossover study design and conditional logistic regression were applied to analyze the association between air pollutants and outpatient visits for conjunctivitis. RESULTSA 10 μg/m3 increase in PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, and CO concentrations on the same day as the hospital visit or on lag days before the hospital visit date was associated with outpatient visits for conjunctivitis. The strongest association was observed between SO2 and conjunctivitis patients aged 2–5 years. Variation occurs between warm and cold seasons, between genders, and among different age groups. CONCLUSIONSOur study provided evidence that outpatient visits for conjunctivitis were significantly associated with air pollution in Hangzhou, China.

Risk of allergic conjunctivitis in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a population-based retrospective cohort study

ObjectiveIn accordance with the dichotomy between T helper type 1(Th1) and T helper type 2 (Th2) responses, the occurrence of allergic conjunctivitis (AC) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is,...

An aberrant immune response to an ocular commensal results in disease in a mouse model of Muckle-Wells Syndrome

Abstract Appropriate regulation of host immunity by commensal bacteria at mucosal tissues, including the ocular surface, can prevent infection and limit disease. Our recent data (St. Leger et al, this conference) suggest that Corynebacterium mastitidis (=C. mast), an ocular commensal, elicits production of protective IL-17 from conjunctival gdT cells. What is not known is whether this relationship, when dysregulated, can lead to pathology and disease. In this study, we used a mouse model of Muckle-Wells Syndrome (MWS), which is a human autoinflammatory disease that results in spontaneous inflammation of the conjunctiva, skin and joints. This is caused by a mutation in the NLRP3 gene (cias1) that leads to an overactive NLRP3 inflammasome and results in production of multiple proinflammatory cytokines, including, most prominently, IL-1b. Here, we show that ocular colonization with a commensal bacterium, C. mast, induces ocular inflammation in MWS mice, but not in WT controls. Dendritic cells from MWS mice produced increased amounts of IL-1b upon stimulation with C. mast lysates. In keeping with this, DCs harvested from MWS mice more efficiently activated gdT cells (in particular, Vγ4+ cells) in co-culture experiments, compared to DCs from WT mice. Our results suggest that the commensal C. mast can act as a pathobiont and trigger ocular inflammation in mice with an overactive NLRP3 inflammasome. Thus, an aberrant immune response to commensal microbes in humans with this mutation may be the cause of recurrent conjunctivitis in patients with MWS or similar autoinflammatory diseases.

Clinical effectiveness of olopatadine therapy in children with allergic conjunctivitis

Background: Olopatadine hydrochloride is one of the most promising agents with a broad range of pharmacological effects. It has both antihistaminic and mast cell stabilizing properties. It is used in various allergic diseases, and its ophthalmic solution is used in allergic conjunctivitis. Aims and Objectives: To assess the clinical effectiveness of olopatadine therapy in children with allergic conjunctivitis. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective interventional study conducted to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of 0.2% olopatadine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution on 49 pediatric allergic conjunctivitis patients. 1-2 drops of the ophthalmic solution were administered once daily in each eye for 6 weeks. Scoring of redness, itching, watering, and photophobia was estimated at baseline, 2 week and 6 weeks. Adverse effects were noted at each visit if any. Results: The mean scores of redness, itching, watering, and photophobia were reduced after 2 weeks of treatment which was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Olopatadine hydrochloride 0.2% once daily administration was effective in reducing ocular signs and symptoms in allergic conjunctivitis in the pediatric population.

Component-resolved diagnostics in vernal conjunctivitis.

Conventional diagnostic tests in allergy are insufficient to clarify the cause of vernal conjunctivitis. Component-resolved diagnostic (CRD) by microarray allergen assay may be useful in detecting allergens that might be involved in the inflammatory process. In a recent trial in patients suffered from eosinophilic esophagitis, after 2 years of the CRD-guided exclusion diet and specific immunotherapy, significant clinical improvement was observed, and 68% of patients were discharged (cure based on negative biopsy, no symptoms, and no medication intake). Our new objective was to evaluate IgE-mediated hypersensitivity by CRD in tears and serum from patients with vernal conjunctivitis and treat patients with identified triggering allergens by specific immunotherapy. Twenty-five patients with vernal conjunctivitis were evaluated. The identified triggering allergens were n Lol p 1 (11 cases), n Cyn d 1 (eight cases), group 4 and 6 grasses (six cases) and group 5 of grasses (five cases). Prick test and pollen IgE were positive in one case. Clinical improvement was observed in 13/25 vernal conjunctivitis patients after 1-year specific immunotherapy. CRD seems to be a more sensitive diagnostic tool compared with prick test and IgE detection. Specific CRD-led immunotherapy may achieve clinical improvements in vernal conjunctivitis patients.

The usefulness of measuring tear periostin for the diagnosis and management of ocular allergic diseases

Chronic ocular allergic diseases such as vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) and atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) are accompanied by serious comorbidities; however, the underlying pathogenesis remains obscure. Furthermore, diagnosing conjunctival lesions in patients with atopic dermatitis and estimating the severity in AKC are important for the treatment of ocular allergic diseases. We addressed whether periostin, a novel mediator and biomarker in allergic inflammation, is involved in the pathogenesis of ocular allergic diseases and whether periostin can be a biomarker for these diseases. We investigated tear periostin in patients with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC), VKC, and AKC and allergic patients without conjunctivitis and compared it with tear IL-13 and serum periostin. Furthermore, in patients with AKC, we measured tear periostin before and after topical treatment with tacrolimus. Tears from patients with ocular allergic disease showed significantly high periostin levels than did tears from allergic patients without conjunctivitis and from patients with AKC, VKC, and SAC in descending order. Tear periostin was associated with serious comorbidities such as large papilla formation and corneal damage in AKC, although both tear IL-13 and serum periostin had little to no such abilities. Furthermore, after topical tacrolimus treatment, tear periostin tended to decrease in most patients with AKC along with their clinical improvement. Periostin produced in conjunctival tissues stimulated by IL-13 may contribute to the pathogenesis of ocular allergic diseases. Furthermore, tear periostin can be potentially applied as a biomarker to diagnose conjunctivitis in allergic patients and to evaluate disease severity as well as the efficacy of treatments in AKC.

Clinical and public health management of conjunctivitis in the Israel Defense Forces.

Acute conjunctivitis is a common diagnosis in the general population, and is especially prevalent among military personnel. Conjunctivitis patients are often contagious, and outbreaks of this infectious condition can cause significant morbidity and may jeopardize military readiness. Early recognition and effective management can prevent additional cases in military units. In this article we review the clinical guidelines and public health policy of the Israel Defense Forces for the management of this important medical condition.

Sensitivity and specificity of the AdenoPlus point-of-care system in detecting adenovirus in conjunctivitis patients at an ophthalmic emergency department: a diagnostic accuracy study.

To estimate the diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) of the AdenoPlus point-of-care adenoviral test compared to PCR in an ophthalmic accident and emergency service. These findings were compared with those of a previous study. This was a prospective diagnostic accuracy study on 121 patients presenting to an emergency eye unit with a clinical picture of acute adenoviral conjunctivitis. AdenoPlus testing was carried out on one eye of each patient and a PCR analysis was also performed on a swab taken from the same eye. AdenoPlus and PCR results were interpreted by masked personnel. Sensitivity and specificity for the AdenoPlus test were calculated using PCR results as the reference standard. 121 patients were enrolled and 109 met the inclusion criteria. 43 patients (39.4%) tested positive for adenovirus by PCR analysis. The sensitivity of the AdenoPlus swab in detecting adenovirus was 39.5% (17/43, 95% CI 26% to 54%) and specificity was 95.5% (63/66, 95% CI 87% to 98%) compared to PCR. The AdenoPlus test has a high specificity for diagnosing adenoviral conjunctivitis, but in this clinical setting, we could not reproduce the high sensitivity that has been previously published.

Altered hyaluronic acid content in tear fluid of patients with adenoviral conjunctivitis.

The adenoviral conjunctivitis is one of the biggest causes of conjunctival infection in the world. Conjunctivitis causes relatively nonspecific symptoms, as hyperaemia and chemosis. Even after biomicroscopy, complex laboratory tests, such as viral culture, are necessary to identify the pathogen or its etiology. To contribute to the better understanding of the pathobiology of the adenoviral conjunctivitis, the tear fluids of patients with unilateral acute adenovirus conjunctivitis (UAAC), normal donors (control) and patients with allergic conjunctivitis were analyzed. Tear samples were collected with Schirmer strips from control, allergic conjunctivitis and UAAC patients, diagnosed by clinical signs. UAAC tears were tested positive in viral cultures. After the elution, HA was quantified using an ELISA-like fluorometric assay and the protein profile was determined by SDS-PAGE. A profound increase in the HA tear content in UAAC patients was found when compared to control and ALC. This HA increase in UAAC tears remarkably was not observed in tears from contralateral eyes without clinical signs, nor in allergic conjunctivitis. In addition a distinct profile of UAAC tear proteins was observed in patients with UAAC. The quantification of HA in the tear fluid is a rapid, sensitive and specific test. This molecule might be a biomarker candidate for acute conjunctivitis.

Association between allergic rhinitis and atopic bronchial asthma: a study of 125 cases

Background: The aim of the present study was to see the prevalence of allergic comorbidities among the country’s population and to increase impression of cost savings in the management of allergic comorbidities. Methods: The study was done in the ENT outpatient department (OPD) of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, from January 2011 to January 2012 and 125 patients with allergic rhinitis with or without other allergies were selected over the period of study. Results: Among the patients affected by allergic rhinitis along with other allergies 64% patients were male and 36% were female. Maximum patients for both male and female were of the age group of 21-30 years (46%). From the occupational point of view, students were mostly affected (34% of the total patients). Maximum patients were suffering from allergic rhinitis along with atopic asthma and allergic conjunctivitis (22%) and atopic asthma patients were about 55% of the total patients of allergic rhinitis. Maximum patients of atopic asthma were of the age group of 21-30 years (48%) for both male and female. 100% asthmatic patients were suffering from chest tightness, 90% from cough, 87% from respiratory distress, 22% from wheeze 85% patients got positive stair test. 82% of the total patients of allergic rhinitis got eosinophilia, 68% got hyperimmunoglobulinemia IgE and 25% got eosinophil in their nasal smear. 87% patients with atopic asthma got eosinophilia, 83% got hyperimmunoglobulinemia IgE and 45% got eosinophil in their nasal smear- maximum patients (17%) got the total circulatory eosinophil level from 901 to 1000 per cubic milimeter and maximum patients (32%) got the IgE level from 100-300 per international unit. A good number of patients with atopic asthma selected randomly underwent spirometry test after having proper and adequate treatment of allergic rhinitis for few months along with bronchodilator for few weeks and they got no pulmonary obstruction. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v22i2.21524 J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 22, No.2, October, 2013, Page 144-150