Conjugal Partners Research Articles

Effect of higher nonbenzenoids in optical properties of dihydropyrene–thiophene and dihydropyrene–phenylenevinylene copolymers

AbstractOne dihydropyrene–thiophene and a series of three dihydropyrene–phenylenevinylene copolymers were synthesized in this work. The core dihydropyrene unit was shown to remain intact in the polymer backbone by 1H NMR studies. Thermal studies indicated higher stability of the dihydropyrene unit in the copolymers compared with the parent molecule, with one of the dihydropyrene–phenylenevinylene copolymers exhibited a single‐step onset degradation temperature at 400 °C. Extended conjugation effect in the copolymers was evident based on spectroscopic analysis despite a mismatch of macrocyclic dihydropyrene units and small conjugation partners (thiophene and phenylenevinylene). The copolymers exhibited relatively small bandgaps. All four copolymers exhibit blue light emission in photoluminescence studies. Their emission spectra are essentially identical, suggesting that their emission properties were dominated by the dihydropyrene chromophore but independent of the spacer group (thiophene or phenylenevinylene). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 1795–1803, 2009

Pseudo-supersymmetry and third order intertwining operator

It has been shown how one can obtain an intertwining operator of order (in terms of derivatives) higher than two, linking a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian to its Hermitian conjugate partner. Explicit third order realization of this intertwining operator is derived for complex Scarf potential.

Early Union Formation in Canada: Links with Education

This article examines the link between early union formation and education using a new Canadian longitudinal data set, the Youth in Transition Survey (YITS). Educational transitions and early union formation occur around the same time in young adulthood, yet the roles of student and conjugal partner are often thought to be incompatible. We examine the effect of two important educational indicators (exit from full-time school and level of achieved education) on the timing of the first conjugal union. In addition, we incorporate several more direct measures of educational commitment. Results from proportional hazard models reveal that exit from full-time school greatly increases the transition to first union, especially marriage. Similarly, obtaining a post-secondary degree/diploma also significantly increases the risk of forming a union, especially for women. More direct measures of educational commitment show that skipping classes in high school has a negative effect on the risk of marriage, but a positive effect on cohabiting unions. A greater aspiration for future education, meanwhile, has a negative impact on union formation in general.

Does yeast shmooing mean a commitment to apoptosis?

Treatment of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae with alpha-pheromone has been reported to lead to massive apoptosis of cells finding no conjugation partner [Severin FF, Hyman AA. Pheromone induces programmed cell death in S. cerevisiae. Curr Biol 2002;12:R233-5]. We report here that this effect is not common in yeast. Using different yeast strains, we demonstrate that identical treatment results in a low mortality even after prolonged treatment with the pheromone. These findings are followed by a general discussion of the biological relevance of apoptosis in yeast.

Small and Medium Slaveholdings in the Coffee Economy of the Vale do Paraiíba, Province of Saão Paulo

Small and Medium Slaveholdings in the Coffee Economy of the Vale do Paraiíba, Province of Saão Paulo

Gβγ Recruits Rho1 to the Site of Polarized Growth during Mating in Budding Yeast

In mating mixtures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, cells polarize their growth toward their conjugation partners along a pheromone gradient. This chemotropic phenomenon is mediated by structural proteins such as Far1 and Bem1 and by signaling proteins such as Cdc24, Cdc42, and Gbetagamma. The Gbetagamma subunit is thought to provide a positional cue that recruits the polarity establishment proteins, and thereby induces polarization of the actin cytoskeleton. We identified RHO1 in a screen for allele-specific high-copy suppressors of Gbetagamma overexpression, suggesting that Rho1 binds Gbetagamma in vivo. Inactivation of Rho1 GTPase activity augmented the rescue phenotype, suggesting that it is the activated form of Rho1 that binds Gbetagamma. We also found, in a pull-down assay, that Rho1 associates with GST-Ste4 and that Rho1 is localized to the neck and tip of mating projections. Moreover, a mutation in STE4 that disrupts Gbetagamma-Rho1 interaction reduces the projection tip localization of Rho1 and compromises the integrity of pheromone-treated cells deficient in Rho1 activity. In addition to its roles as a positive regulator of 1,3-beta-glucan synthase and of the cell integrity MAP kinase cascade, it was recently shown that Rho1 is necessary for the formation of mating projections. Together, these results suggest that Gbetagamma recruits Rho1 to the site of polarized growth during mating.

Confinement phenomenology in the Bethe-Salpeter equation

We consider the solution of the Bethe-Salpeter equation in Euclidean metric for a qbar-q vector meson in the circumstance where the dressed quark propagators have time-like complex conjugate mass poles. This approximates features encountered in recent QCD modeling via the Dyson-Schwinger equations; the absence of real mass poles simulates quark confinement. The analytic continuation in the total momentum necessary to reach the mass shell for a meson sufficiently heavier than 1 GeV leads to the quark poles being within the integration domain for two variables in the standard approach. Through Feynman integral techniques, we show how the analytic continuation can be implemented in a way suitable for a practical numerical solution. We show that the would-be qbar-q width to the meson generated from one quark pole is exactly cancelled by the effect of the conjugate partner pole; the meson mass remains real and there is no spurious qbar-q production threshold. The ladder kernel we employ is consistent with one-loop perturbative QCD and has a two-parameter infrared structure found to be successful in recent studies of the light SU(3) meson sector.

Liberalism, Autonomy and Conjugal Love

This paper argues that a liberal state is justified in promoting relationships of conjugal love – the form of relationship that is the basis of the institution of marriage – on the grounds that they are essential to the development and maintenance of autonomy. A deep human need is that the detail of our lives be recognized (accepted, affirmed, granted importance) by others (or by an other). Autonomy can be compromised when this need is not met. So a state concerned with autonomy ought to be concerned with relationships in which people can be given recognition. This argument justifies support for friendship as well as conjugal love; why is the latter particularly special? The answer is that in conjugal love partners value each other exclusively (i.e., in a way they do not value anyone else). Conjugal relations therefore recognise the uniqueness and individual value of a person's life in away that friendship does not.

Female-perpetrated spousal homicides The case of Fiji

The paucity of empirical and theoretical research on women and lethal violence has been widely noted in homicide literature. While there has been substantial growth in published research over the last fifteen years, a majority of this literature has focused on Western industrialized nations. This study examined the four cases of female-perpetrated marital homicides that occurred in Fiji during an eleven-year period. Results are consistent with previous research indicating that homicidal women kill predisposed or latent victims and kill at home. Striking differences between husband murders in Fiji and Western nations were also noted: Women who killed their conjugal partners in Fiji constituted a minuscule proportion of homicidal spouses in the society, did not use guns to perpetrate the crimes, and planned and executed their crimes with male accomplices. Each of the four cases was profiled in the text to show characteristics of victims and perpetrators, the methods of killing, and the circumstances surrounding the lethal attacks.

Effect of inhibition of phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase activity on growth of alfalfa cell suspension culture: Alterations in mitotic index, ethylene production, and contents of phenolics, cytokinins and polyamines

The effect of inhibition of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis on the growth of Medicago sativa L. suspension culture was studied. 2‐Aminoindan‐2‐phosphonic acid (AIP), a potent inhibitor of phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL; EC 4.3.1.5), caused a marked reduction in the amount of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives in a few hours after cell inoculation into AIP medium. The treatment of alfalfa suspension culture with this inhibitor increased the extractable PAL activity and elevated ethylene production during the growth cycle. The addition of AIP (10 μM) stimulated cell division activity during the growth cycle, although the onset of cell division was slightly delayed. The maxima of cytokinin content as well as of the mitotic index were postponed in AIP‐treated cells, however, the unchanged content of cytokinins did not correlate with increased mitotic activity of treated cells. The decreased level of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, which represent the phenolic conjugation partners of free polyamines (PAs), influenced the rate of PA conjugation. Consequently, the balance between free and conjugated PAs was shifted in favor of the free PA form. A potential role of the reduction of the pool of phenolic acids in the enhancement of cell division of alfalfa cell suspension culture is discussed.

Eaton's Markov chain, its conjugate partner and $\mathscr{P}$-admissibility

Suppose that X is a random variable with density $f(x|\theta)$ and that $\pi(\theta|x)$ is a proper posterior corresponding to an improper prior $\nu(\theta)$. The prior is called $\mathscr{P}$-admissible if the generalized Bayes estimator of every bounded function of $\theta$ is almost-$\nu$-admissible under squared error loss. Eaton showed that recurrence of the Markov chain with transition density $R(\eta|\theta) = \int \pi(\eta|x)f(x|\theta) dx$ is a sufficient condition for $\mathscr{P}$-admissibility of $\nu(\theta)$. We show that Eaton’s Markov chain is recurrent if and only if its conjugate partner, with transition density $\tilde{R}(y|x) = \int f(y|\theta) \pi(\theta|x) d\theta$, is recurrent. This provides a new method of establishing $\mathscr{P}$-admissibility. Often, one of these two Markov chains corresponds to a standard stochastic process for which there are known results on recurrence and transience. For example, when $X$ is Poisson $(\theta)$ and an improper gamma prior is placed on $\theta$, the Markov chain defined by $\tilde{R}(y|x)$ is equivalent to a branching process with immigration. We use this type of argument to establish $\mathscr{P}$-admissibility of some priors when $f$ is a negative binomial mass function and when $f$ is a gamma density with known shape.

Studies on polyamines in Solanum tuberosum in vitro: Effects of DFMO, DFMA, chlorogenic acid and putrescine on the endogenous distribution of polyamines, tuberization and morphology

Summary The effects of inhibitors of putrescine (PUT) biosynthesis, DL-α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and DL-α-difluoromethylarginine (DFMA), chlorogenic acid representing phenolic conjugation partners of PAs, and exogenous putrescine (PUT), on the distribution of free and conjugated PAs were examined in relation to their effects on growth, tuberization and morphology in Solanum tuberosum . Changes in the profile of PAs were consistendy associated with effects on tuberization. DFMO totally prevented, but DFMA only decreased, tuberization. Thus, it is concluded that arginine decarboxylase-activity is low and the PAs required are predominandy generated via the ornithine decarboxylase pathway. DFMO treatment increased the level of free PAs. At 5 mmol/L DFMO the formation of conjugated PAs was strongly reduced, whereas at 1.8 mmol/L conjugated PAs accumulated to a level higher than in untreated controls. Chlorogenic acid promoted tuber formation and tuber growth in a concentration-dependent manner, involving conjugation with PAs. Exogenous PUT, in general, caused improved growth of leafy shoots, rooting and loss of tuber dormancy. Tuberization was either promoted or inhibited, depending on the concentration applied. Added to the tuber-inducing control medium, low concentration (0.2 mmol/L) of PUT accelerated tuberization, establishing the PA-profile typical of tuberization. A high concentration (5 mmol/L) prevented full tuberization and disturbed the typical PA-profile. Neither concentration counterbalanced the impact of DFMO on the distribution of endogenous PAs and tuberization. However, exogenous PUT counteracted the decrease in tuberization due to DFMA treatment and also the delay in tuberization onset caused by chlorogenic acid, which was putatively due to reduced levels of free PAs as a result of conjugation. The results of monitoring the changes in the distribution of endogenous PAs following treatments that perturb tuberization support the conclusion that a specific balance of free and conjugated PAs is required for optimal progress through tuberization.

Importance de la qualité du sperme

The semen quality and sperm chromatin alteration have added a new dimension to the evaluation of male factors in repeated spontaneous abortion (RSA). The aim of the study was to evaluate the importance of the sperm quality in RSA conjugal partners.

Complex conjugate pairs in stationary Sturmian eigenstates.

Sturmian eigenstates specified by stationary scattering boundary conditions are particularly useful in contexts such as forming simple separable two nucleon t matrices, and are determined via solution of generalized eigenvalue equation using real and symmetric matrices. In general, the spectrum of such an equation may contain complex eigenvalues. But to each complex eigenvalue there is a corresponding conjugate partner. In studies using realistic nucleon-nucleon potentials, and in certain positive energy intervals, these complex conjugated pairs indeed appear in the Sturmian spectrum. However, as we demonstrate herein, it is possible to recombine the complex conjugate pairs and corresponding states into a new, sign-definite pair of real quantities with which to effect separable expansions of the (real) nucleon-nucleon reactance matrices.

Religious Identification and Marriage Patterns in Australia

This study analyzed religious marriage patterns among Australian couples. Results obtained by log-linear modeling techniques indicated that husbands and wives tend to choose conjugal partners with religious identifications, or non-identifications, identical to their own. Homogeneity along religious and non-religious lines is a characteristic feature of Australian marriage patterns. This pattern is strongest among Other Protestants, notably weaker among Catholics, Liberal Protestants, and Independents, and weakest of all among Anglicans.

Prosecution as a Victim Power Resource: A Note on Empowering Women in Violent Conjugal Relationships

Criminal prosecution of abusive men is described here as a power resource used by battered women to help bring about satisfactory arrangements for managing conjugal violence. This article examines relevant theory on exchange and power processes to explain the conditions of victim empowerment. It then describes cases of women who filed charges against their conjugal partners to show how victims may file, but later drop, charges as a rational power strategy for determining the future course of their relationships. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications of prosecutorial policies that limit battered women's control over criminal justice processes.

Perceived Decision-Making Influence in Turkish Migrant Workers' and German Workers' Families

According to Bott (1971), families involved in social support networks show more traditional patterns of role segregation in their authority structure than more isolated families. This hypothesis was tested with samples consisting of 40 Turkish migrant workers' families and 72 German workers' families. The samples were matched in level of education, income, professional status, and mother's work. Bott's hypothesis was not confirmed, because conjugal partners' mutual ratings of influence were not affected by the level of perceived social support. The findings, however, reveal a cross-cultural difference with respect to the familial authority structure in the two sampics. Turkish conjugal partners reported role segregation in the domain of family issues, but joint decision making in the domain of children's issues, whereas the reverse pattern was reported by German conjugal partners. Furthermore, Turkish parents restrict their children's influence to the children's own affairs, whereas German parents accept their children as participating members with influence in the family.

Pronuclei of heliophrya erhardi matthes during conjugation and their differential association with coated and uncoated microtubules

Microtubules surrounding the pronuclei during conjugation of the suctorian ciliate Heliophrya erhardi can be divided into 2 distinct classes by electron microscopy. Microtubules around the stationary nucleus have a conventional appearance and presumably serve as a skeleton, anchoring that nucleus in its cytoplasmic position. Microtubules surrounding the prospective migratory nucleus are coated with electron-dense material and are in some cases associated with 7-nm filaments. These coated microtubules supposedly function to transport the migratory nucleus into the conjugation partner.

Grief: A mediating process between a loss and illness

Conjugal bereavement has ranked high among other losses and life events when rated by adults on a continuum of life stress. 1,2 A review of the literature on the mortality of bereaved spouses subsequent to a conjugal loss leads to the conclusion that such a loss is, in fact, a severe stressor and a significant public health problem. 3 There remains the question of how this loss affects the bereaved spouse. Loss of a conjugal partner is a well defined event that is followed by complex emotional, behavioral, and social reactions. At what point and in what manner grief itself becomes pathologic or leads to medical complications is not established. Yet, it is reasonable to postulate that the behavioral and physiologic responses of the organism to a conjugal loss may lead to complications. For this reason, the emotional, behavioral, and social changes produced by conjugal loss hold considerable interest as mediating variables in explaining the high risk of the bereaved. This paper will review modern thinking about the process of grief. It will relate that knowledge to several postulated pathogenetic mechanisms that lead to illness and death among the widowed. The goal is to determine if our knowledge of grief as a mediating process will enhance our understanding of the etiology of the psychological or bodily illness that may occur after a conjugal loss.

Ultrastructure of the Fusion Area during Conjugation in the Suctorian Heliphrya erhardi (Rieder) Matthes*

SYNOPSIS. The suctorian Heliophrya erhardi (Rieder) Matthes is attached to the substrate by the flattened ventral side of the cell body. The dorsal is covered by a pellicle composed of 3 unit membranes. Below the pellicle is a 0.4–0.8‐μm thick epiplasm composed of 6–8‐nm thick fibrils. Microtubules form a network beneath the epiplasm. The epipalsm is penetrated by tube‐like pellicular pits, which are lined by the cell membrane and end beneath the epiplasm in a saccule‐like enlargement. During conjugation, 2 neighboring organisms form cytoplasmic processes which come into contact and fuse, thus forming a cytoplasmic bridge between the 2 cells. Around the bridge the pellicles of both organisms fuse, and the partners become united by a continuous common membrane system. Across the entire conjugation bridge the 2 fused epiplasms form a septum. Tube‐like structures can be seen lying partly in the epiplasmic septum and partly in the adjacent cytoplasm. These structures are open at both ends and represent remnants of the pellicular pits. No trace of the original pellicular membranes can be found at the fusion area within the epiplasmic septum. The cytoplasm of the conjugation partners is separated only by the fused epiplasms forming the epiplasmic septum.