Congestion Model Research Articles

Traffic Congestion and Duration Prediction Model Based on Regression Analysis and Survival Analysis

With the current situation of traffic congestion becoming more and more serious, how to accurately predict the time of traffic congestion has been widely concerned. In this article, we will build two models to better predict traffic congestion time. First, we use methods to collect the data we need, and through the preliminary cleaning, processing, deletion of missing data, combined calculation of data according to indicators and other steps to screen and integrate the data we need. Then, the multivariate linear regression method is used to construct the traffic prediction congestion model for the existing data, and the actual situation of traffic congestion is obtained. Secondly, the non-parametric method Kaplan-Meier model in the survival analysis method is used to obtain the survival function of traffic congestion duration, and the traffic congestion duration model is constructed. The software programming is solved by MATLAB, Stata, SPSS, etc., and the congestion prediction is obtained. The fitting degree between the predicted value and the actual value of the model is above 0.96, which can better quantify the conclusion that the road traffic operation congestion degree and congestion duration model can identify the characteristics of congestion distribution and duration. Finally, the paper evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of the model objectively, and considers the aspects that can be promoted and applied. I hope that this model can contribute to the prediction research of traffic congestion time!

English

English

Detecting cliques in CONGEST networks

The problem of detecting network structures plays a central role in distributed computing. One of the fundamental problems studied in this area is to determine whether for a given graph H, the input network contains a subgraph isomorphic to H or not. We investigate this problem for H being a clique K_{ell } in the classical distributed CONGEST model, where the communication topology is the same as the topology of the underlying network, and with limited communication bandwidth on the links. Our first and main result is a lower bound, showing that detecting K_{ell } requires varOmega (sqrt{n} / {mathfrak {b}}) communication rounds, for every 4 le ell le sqrt{n}, and varOmega (n / (ell {mathfrak {b}})) rounds for every ell ge sqrt{n}, where {mathfrak {b}} is the bandwidth of the communication links. This result is obtained by using a reduction to the set disjointness problem in the framework of two-party communication complexity. We complement our lower bound with a two-party communication protocol for listing all cliques in the input graph, which up to constant factors communicates the same number of bits as our lower bound for K_4 detection. This demonstrates that our lower bound cannot be improved using the two-party communication framework.

Endurance Exercise Intervention Is Beneficial to Kidney Function in a Rat Model of Isolated Abdominal Venous Congestion: a Pilot Study.

In this study, the effects of moderate intense endurance exercise on heart and kidney function and morphology were studied in a thoracic inferior vena cava constricted (IVCc) rat model of abdominal venous congestion. After IVC surgical constriction, eight sedentary male Sprague-Dawley IVCc rats (IVCc-SED) were compared to eight IVCc rats subjected to moderate intense endurance exercise (IVCc-MOD). Heart and kidney function was examined and renal functional reserve (RFR) was investigated by administering a high protein diet (HPD). After 12weeks of exercise training, abdominal venous pressure, indices of body fat content, plasma cystatin C levels, and post-HPD urinary KIM-1 levels were all significantly lower in IVCc-MOD versus IVCc-SED rats (P < 0.05). RFR did not differ between both groups. The implementation of moderate intense endurance exercise in the IVCc model reduces abdominal venous pressure and is beneficial to kidney function.

Exact Formulation and Comparison Between the User Optimum and System Optimum Solution for Routing Privately Owned Automated Vehicles

The possibility of having driverless cars on the streets seems to be more real than ever. In this paper, we focus on developing exact methods that can determine the effects of privately owned automated vehicles (AVs) and how switching to those vehicles is going to change mobility in urban environments. The considered problem determines the routes of family owned AVs that minimize the transportation costs of that family while considering the possibility of using public transport as an alternative for some trips. We introduce a novel exact linear formulation for this problem which includes a linearized traffic congestion model and which is able to solve the user and system optimum variant of the problem to optimality. The introduced formulation can easily be adapted to consider the current situation with conventional vehicles and a situation where not only the travel time costs of the driver but also costs of the other passengers are taken into account. The main advantage of our novel formulation is that the optimal results can be obtained to explore potential changes of flows with vehicle automation in small networks. We investigated the behavior of the system, given the described scenarios, by applying our formulation to a case study.

Effects of combined treatment with fesoterodine and mirabegron in a pelvic congestion rat model: Results from in vitro and in vivo functional studies.

ObjectivesTo examine the effect of combining a nonselective muscarinic receptor antagonist, 5‐hydroxymethyl tolterodine (an active metabolite of fesoterodine), with a β3 adrenoceptor agonist, mirabegron, in a rat model of pelvic congestion.MethodsThe rat pelvic congestion model used female Sprague‐Dawley rats with their bilateral common iliac and uterine veins ligated. Expressions of M2 and M3 receptor subtypes in the urothelium and detrusor were detected by real‐time polymerase chain reaction assays. The effects of both drugs were investigated on isolated bladder strips contracted by electrical field stimulation. in vivo single cystometry was used to assess the effects of 5‐hydroxymethyl tolterodine and mirabegron independently or in combination on bladder capacity, micturition pressure, and threshold pressure.ResultsPelvic congestion rats showed decreased bladder capacity compared with controls, but micturition pressure and threshold pressure were unchanged. Pelvic congestion model rats also demonstrated an approximately two‐fold increase in expression of both M2 and M3 receptor subtypes in the urothelium. Additive relaxant effects of 5‐hydroxymethyl tolterodine and mirabegron were observed in vitro in the electrical field stimulation‐induced contractions of bladder strips from pelvic congestion rats. In vivo, bladder capacity was increased significantly by a combination of 5‐hydroxymethyl tolterodine and mirabegron, with the combined effect exceeding the sum of the effects of monotherapies. Micturition pressure and threshold pressure did not significantly differ between groups.ConclusionsThe combination of 5‐hydroxymethyl tolterodine with mirabegron suggests the potential of synergistic effects in a rat pelvic congestion model.

Assessment of traffic congestion with ORESTE method under double hierarchy hesitant fuzzy linguistic environment

With the new generation of information technology development and the promotion of the Internet, local governments turn their attention to the construction of intelligent transportation systems. More and more cities began building intelligent transportation which has been widely used to monitor urban traffic. Experts can evaluate urban traffic congestion based on the information collected from the big data of intelligent transportation. In recent two years, double hierarchy hesitant fuzzy linguistic term set has been widely used to depict explicit evaluation information, which is straightforward and broad-spectrum. When evaluating traffic congestion in a city, decision makers can utilize double hierarchy hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets to express vague information. Moreover, the ORESTE method is an applicative method which can select a reliable alternative by subdividing alternatives and reduce the loss of information in the conversion process. In this paper, we propose a double hierarchy hesitant fuzzy linguistic ORESTE method and a new score function of double hierarchy hesitant fuzzy linguistic term set. The method raises a new perspective to reduce the error from other methods and the new score function derives a robust decision-making result. Then, we apply the double hierarchy hesitant fuzzy linguistic ORESTE method to solve a practical case involving choosing the congested city by evaluating the 5S traffic congestion model. Finally, we compare the double hierarchy hesitant fuzzy linguistic ORESTE method with other methods such as the classical ORESTE method and the double hierarchy hesitant fuzzy linguistic MULTIMOORA to illustrate the advantages of our method.

Review properties solutions the mathematical models of transition time traffic congestion

Mathematical model of transition time traffic congestion is a mathematical model modified from Lorenz system that have three variable i.e. deviation distance of vehicles observed with the optimal distance of vehicles, vehicles speed deviation observed with optimum speed and acceleration/braking time vehicles so that the optimum speed reached. In this article, the behavior or properties solutions of mathematical model of transition time traffic congestion are observed and the result are :1) this model has 1 stable equilibrium point for τ0 ≤ 1, while for τ0 > 1 there are 2 stable equilibrium points and 1 unstable equilibrium point, where τ0 is characteristic time to reached optimum velocity. 2) there is a bifurcation pitchfork with bifurcation value when τ0 varied. 3) solution system in geometric symmetric with one of axis .

Distributed Detection of Cycles

Distributed property testing in networks has been introduced by Brakerski and Patt-Shamir [6], with the objective of detecting the presence of large dense sub-networks in a distributed manner. Recently, Censor-Hillel et al. [7] have revisited this notion and formalized it in a broader context. In particular, they have shown how to detect 3-cycles in a constant number of rounds by a distributed algorithm. In a follow-up work, Fraigniaud et al. [21] have shown how to detect 4-cycles in a constant number of rounds as well. However, the techniques in these latter works were shown not to generalize to larger cycles C k with k ≥ 5. In this article, we completely settle the problem of cycle detection by establishing the following result: For every k ≥ 3, there exists a distributed property testing algorithm for C k -freeness, performing in a constant number of rounds. All these results hold in the classical congest model for distributed network computing. Our algorithm is 1-sided error. Its round-complexity is O (1ϵ) where ϵ ∈ (0,1) is the property-testing parameter measuring the gap between legal and illegal instances.

Spinal glycinergic and gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic neurons inhibit the micturition reflex after electrical stimulation of the perineum in rats with pelvic venous congestion.

To examine whether electrical stimulation of the perineum inhibited urinary frequency in rats with pelvic venous congestion, and whether electrical stimulation influences spinal glycinergic/gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic neurons. Bilateral common iliac veins and bilateral uterine veins were ligated to create pelvic venous congestion rats. At 4weeks after ligation, cystometry was carried out before and after electrical stimulation with/without intrathecal injection of strychnine (a glycine receptor antagonist) and/or bicuculline (a gamma-aminobutyric acid typeA receptor antagonist). In addition, measurement of amino acid levels in the lumbosacral cord was carried out with/without electrical stimulation, and cystometry was carried out after oral administration of glycine. Continuous cystometry showed that the interval between bladder contractions was shorter in pelvic venous congestion rats than in sham rats. Electrical stimulation did not change cystometric parameters in sham rats, but the interval between bladder contractions was increased by electrical stimulation in pelvic venous congestion rats. Electrical stimulation increased the levels of glutamic acid, glycine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and taurine in the lumbosacral cord of pelvic venous congestion rats. Intrathecal strychnine abolished the effects of electrical stimulation in pelvic venous congestion rats, and intrathecal administration of both strychnine and bicuculline shortened the interval between bladder contractions more than before electrical stimulation. Oral administration of glycine (3%) to pelvic venous congestion rats increased bladder capacity. Electrical stimulation of the perineum inhibits urinary frequency mainly through activation of spinal glycinergic neurons, and partly through activation of gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic neurons in a rat model of pelvic venous congestion.

Intelligent Noise Elimination Algorithm for Marine Communication Based on Cluster Collaboration

Wang, X.; Fang, D.; Wan, S., and Cheng, Y., 2019. Intelligent noise elimination algorithm for marine communication based on cluster collaboration In: Guido-Aldana, P.A. and Mulahasan, S. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources and Exploration. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 93, pp. 753–761. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.In order to overcome the large amount of noise in marine communication and further improve the quality of communication under low SNR, an intelligent noise elimination algorithm based on cluster cooperation is proposed. Firstly, a finite perception congestion model is established, and a noise control strategy based on denoising operator for consistency algorithm is proposed. It is pointed out that when ε (t) is a high order infinite, the consistency algorithm after denoising can control the noise, make the Agent to converge to the original convergence state, and make the center to distribute normally. By frequency modulation, the noisy signal in communication is modulated into the instantaneous frequency of the analytic signal. In view of the non-linear characteristics of the marine communication signal, the cluster collaboration algorithm is realized by using the windowed Wigner-Ville distribution. For the high noise situation, the iterative algorithm can be used until the noise is completely eliminated. Experiments show that the algorithm can effectively eliminate communication noise and has high real-time performance.

Influence of coarse toll on the dynamic properties of traffic flow in a single-entry traffic corridor

In this paper, we investigate the effects of coarse toll on the user equilibrium (UE) state in a single-entry traffic corridor with early and late arrivals from analytical and numerical perspective. Unlike previous studies on traffic tolls, the flow congestion model is used to take into account the dynamic propagation of traffic flow. The LWR (Lighthill–Whitham–Richards) model and the Greenshields’ velocity–density function are used to describe the dynamic properties of traffic flow. The quasi-analytic solutions of the three possible cases in UE due to different charges are derived. Both analytical and numerical results indicate that rarefaction waves and shock waves appear in the corridor under the coarse toll. The three-dimensional evolution diagrams of traffic flow and space–time diagrams illustrate that the introduction of course toll lets flow patterns more complicated. This extends the knowledge given by the classical bottleneck model.

Regulating dynamic congestion externalities with tradable credit schemes: Does a unique equilibrium exist?

Tradable credit schemes offer a potentially efficient, revenue-neutral policy alternative to classical dynamic pricing of congestion externalities. We show in this paper that the resulting equilibrium may not be unique for particular models of congestion, including the first-best solution for the conventional Vickrey's bottleneck model. This can have substantial detrimental impacts on social welfare and social acceptance of tradable credit schemes. The reason underlying this result is that the credit supply-demand condition can be satisfied for a continuum of credit prices. This is because any marginal change in the credit price will be matched by a compensating change in queuing times, keeping user price fixed but deviating from the first-best optimum in which no queueing should occur. We find that the problem of non-uniqueness does not occur for the dynamic flow congestion model proposed by Chu. A unique equilibrium can be obtained in the bottleneck model if the buying and selling of credits with a bank is allowed, against a pre-determined price. Credits are then still tradable so that the use can deviate from the initial distribution, but the credit price is determined by the perfectly elastic demand and supply from the bank.

Carpooling with heterogeneous users in the bottleneck model

We investigate the effects of carpooling in a dynamic equilibrium model of congestion, which captures various dimensions of heterogeneity: heterogeneity in the preference for and cost of carpooling, heterogeneity in values of time and values of schedule delay. We investigate various policy scenarios: no-toll, first-best pricing, and subsidization of carpooling. The optimally differentiated subsidy equals each type of users’ marginal external benefit (MEB) of switching to m-person carpooling or carpooling, which turns out to be heterogeneous for “ratio heterogeneity”, where the ratios of the values of time and schedule delay vary, and homogeneous for “proportional heterogeneity”, where these values vary in fixed proportion over the population. If such differentiation over users is impossible, the subsidy is a weighted average of the MEB’s, with the weights reflecting the relative sensitivity of the group size of carpoolers to the subsidy. Using a numerical example, we investigate the welfare effects and distributional effects of different policies. The relative efficiency of the differentiated subsidization first increases and then falls with the degree of ratio heterogeneity, and decreases over the entire parameter range and more with the degree of proportional heterogeneity.

Improving Structural Models of Congestion

Half of all travelers have such inflexible schedules that they strictly prefer their chosen arrival times to all others; however, existing models of traffic congestion implicitly assume that no such inframarginal travelers exist. This leads these models to predict travel times nearly seven times greater than those observed or a length of the peak period a seventh that observed (or, more often, a combination of the two). Accounting for these travelers significantly improves these models’ ability to fit the data and changes policy prescriptions. In the case of congestion pricing, it typically changes the optimal toll by at least 25% and significantly worsens the distributional impacts.

SAT-188 EXPRESSION OF (PRO)RENIN RECEPTOR IN RAT RENAL CONGESTION MODEL

The physiological association between the kidney and heart has received significant attention. Reduction of cardiac output induces renal hypoperfusion, which causes renal ischemia. On the other hand, renal venous hypertension leads to high renal interstitial hydrostatic pressure and reduction in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). In patients with chronic congestive heart failure, central venous pressure and renal venous pressure are higher than in healthy subjects, causing renal congestion and dysfunction. We have recently developed a novel rat renal congestion model, and reported its pathophysiological and molecular aspects. In this model, renal congestion reduced renal blood flow and GFR, and increased renal interstitial hydrostatic pressure, resulting renal fibrosis together with podocyte and tubular injury. Molecules related to extracellular matrix expansion, tubular injury and focal adhesion were upregulated. (Pro)renin receptor [(P)RR] is initially identified as a member of renin angiotensin system. (P)RR also functions in intracellular acidification (a part of vacuolar type H+-ATPase), and cell proliferation through Wnt signaling pathway. We have reported the inhibition of (P)RR and V-ATPase suppresses cellular fibrosis induced by TGF-β1 in peritoneal mesothelial cells. No study, however, have investigated the association between (P)RR and renal congestion. Thus, we assessed (P)RR expression in our rat renal congestion model. All animal experiments were in accordance with the National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, and were approved by animal experiment committees in Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University and Tohoku University. The inferior vena cava (IVC) between the renal veins was ligated by suture in male Sprague-Dawley rats (7-9 weeks) to increase upstream IVC pressure and induce congestion in the left kidney only. Three days after surgery, both right control kidney and left congestive kidney were removed under anesthesia. The kidneys were immediately sectioned and fixed with 10% neutral-buffered formalin for histological analyses, and then divided into the cortex and medulla for RNA and protein analyses. mRNA expression of (P)RR and V-ATPase subunits was examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. (P)RR protein expression was detected by western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. mRNA expression levels of (P)RR and V-ATPase subunits (Atp6v0b, Atp6v0c, Atp6v1b1, Atp6v1b2 and Atp6v1c1) were significantly decreased in the congestive kidney, compared with the control kidney in both cortex and medulla. (P)RR protein was also decreased in the congestive kidney, especially in the medulla. By immunohistochemistry, (P)RR was highly expressed in the intercalated cells of the collecting ducts and weakly stained podocyte and other tubular segments in the control kidney, and the expression was abolished in the congestive kidney. Decrease of (P)RR and V-ATPase might relate to the progression of renal fibrosis in renal congestion.

SUN-186 IMATINIB ATTENUATES PERYCITE-MYOFIBROBLAST TRANSITION IN RENAL CONGESTION IN RATS.

Some reports have demonstrated that central venous pressure (CVP) is an indicator of both renal dysfunction and congestive heart failure, and increased CVP raises renal venous pressure (RVP), which leads to renal congestion and renal dysfunction. We have recently reported about pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms in renal congestion in a novel rat model (Sci Rep, in press). In that study, we demonstrated that increase in inferior vena cava (IVC) pressure induces a reduction of renal blood flow together with renal interstitial hydrostatic pressure, and hypoxia and physical stress induce pericyte detachment and podocyte injury. We could suggest that pericyte detachment induced by renal congestion activates Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGFR), one of tyrosine kinase receptors, which was the main factor in extracellular matrix expansion. Here we report the efficacy of Imatinib, a PDGFR inhibitor, to renal fibrosis and podocyte injury in rat renal congestion model. All rats (Male Sprague-Dawly rats, 7 to 9 weeks) were anesthetized before surgery. The IVC between the renal veins was ligated. Each rat was given Imatinib Mesylate (50mg/kg) orally 2 hours before and every 12 hours after surgery. The control group were given the same amount of water. Three days after surgery, the IVC pressure was measured and the urine samples were collected separately from each kidney, and then the renal tissues were removed under anesthisia. Both kidneys were immediately sectioned and fixed for histological analyses, and then divided into the cortex and medulla for RNA analyses. Formalin-fixed renal paraffin-embedded renal tissues were undergone immunostaining of Transgelin (Tagln), Pdgfra, Pdgfrb as perycite-myofibroblast transision (PMT) markers, and Desmin as a podocyte marker, and Kidney injury molecule 1 (Kim1) as a renal proximal tubule injury marker. Total RNA extracted from the renal cortex and medulla underwent quantitative PCR (qPCR) for Tagln, Pdgfra, Pdgfrb, Desmin, Kim1. The relative mRNA expression levels were normalized by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Gapdh). Staining intensity and mRNA expression levels of Tagln, Pdgfra, Pdgfrb were higher in the control kidneys, especially in the cortex. Imatinib attenuated the intensity and mRNA expression levels. Desmin staining was higher in the control kidneys and imatinib lowered the intensity. On the other hand, as for Kim1, staining intensity showed no significant difference between the groups and mRNA expression level was elevated in an imatinib group. Podocyte and tubular injury occurred in rat renal congestion model together with pericyte detachment, which leads to renal fibrosis. Activation of PDGFRs was detected and Imatinib attenuates the elevation of PMT markers. These results may suggest that imatinib has some potentiality against renal fibrosis in renal congestion.

Can Tolling Help Everyone? Estimating the Aggregate and Distributional Consequences of Congestion Pricing

Economists have long advocated road pricing as an efficiency-enhancing solution to traffic congestion, yet it has rarely been implemented because it is thought to create losers as well as winners. This paper uses survey and travel time data, combined with a structural model of traffic congestion, to estimate the joint distribution of agent preferences and evaluate the aggregate and distributional effects of road pricing. I find that adding tolls on half of the lanes of a highway yields a Pareto improvement. Further, the social welfare gains from doing so are substantial --- up to $1,740 per road user per year.

Exploring the mechanism of congestive liver fibrosis model in rats with Budd-Chiari syndrome

健康成年雄性SD大鼠180只，随机数字表法分为对照组（20只，常规清洁饲养）、布加综合征（BCS）模型组（80只，部分结扎大鼠肝后段下腔静脉）和假手术组（80只，不结扎下腔静脉，其他处理同模型组）。模型组及假手术组又各随机分4个亚组（实验1、3、6、12周组），每亚组20只大鼠。实验开始后1、3、6、12周末行DSA证实造模成功后每组随机抽取12只大鼠处死，留取肝脏组织，行免疫组化、HE及Masson染色，以实时聚合酶链反应（Real-time PCR）及蛋白免疫印迹法（Western blot）分别检测TGF-β1、PDGF-A及PDGF-B的mRNA及蛋白相对表达量。通过Levene法检验数据符合方差齐性后，以方差分析比较组内、组间的总体差异，采用LSD法行组内、组间两两比较，采用Pearson法分析各因子间相关性，以Spearman法分析各因子与肝纤维化间相关性。 结果 显示，转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）、血小板衍生生长因子-A（PDGF-A）及PDGF-B的mRNA表达在对照组与假手术组间差异无统计学意义（TGF-β1：F=0.805，PDGF-A：F=0.620，PDGF-B：F=0.553，P值均>0.698)。模型组分别与对照组及假手术组比较差异均具有统计学意义（TGF-β1：F值分别为644.812，294.224，P值均<0.001；PDGF-A：F值分别为180.578，256.130，P值均<0.001；PDGF-B：F值分别为210.056，568.468，P值均<0.001)；且模型组各亚组表达均高于同一时间的假手术亚组及对照组（P值均<0.05）。模型组术后各时间点的TGF-β1、PDGF-A及PDGF-B的mRNA表达总体差异均有统计学意义（F值分别为565.205，120.014，154.406，P值均<0.001)，且同一因子模型组各亚组间两两比较差异亦均有统计学意义（P值均<0.05）。TGF-β1、PDGF-A及PDGF-B在各组间及组内的蛋白表达变化规律与mRNA表达一致。模型组3个因子的mRNA水平与相应蛋白表达均呈正相关（r=0.841，0.941，0.931；P均<0.001）。3个因子与肝纤维化均无明显相关性。表明BCS病理损伤与组织修复是一个多因子、多进程、相互交织的复杂过程，每个因子在不同的病程阶段产生的作用不同。

Efficient real-time routing for autonomous vehicles through Bayes correlated equilibrium: An information design framework

In this paper, we propose an information-based approach to eliminate inefficiency in traffic systems in the era of autonomous vehicles. We build up theoretical models to coordinate vehicles through Waze, a pervasive crowdsourcing mapping app. We apply the idea of Bayesian persuasion (Kamenica and Gentzkow, 2011) in the basic model of a single vehicle and implement the unified information design framework (Bergemann and Morris, 2017) in the general model. Since the reliability of the information source (Waze) is crucial, we also incorporate queueing theory into the congestion model to obtain more accurate predictions of the traffic conditions. We demonstrate the significant efficiency improvement of implementing theoretical economic approach in the robotic area.