Conflict Strategies Research Articles

Strategi Mitigasi Risiko Konflik Sosial dalam Pendidikan Islam di Pesantren

This study aims to analyze and develop risk mitigation strategies for social conflict in the context of Islamic education at Al-I'tishoom Islamic Boarding School. Social conflict can affect the educational climate and the welfare of students and teaching staff. Therefore, it is important to identify risk factors for social conflict that exist in Islamic boarding schools and formulate effective strategies to overcome and reduce their negative impacts. This research method involves a case study at Al-I'tishoom Islamic Boarding School, by collecting data through interviews, observation, and analysis of related documents. The results of the study show that several risk factors for social conflict exist in Islamic boarding schools including differences in religious views, cultural differences, and socio-economic differences among students. It is hoped that the results of this research can become a reference for education policy makers and related parties in designing effective strategies for managing and reducing the risk of social conflict in the context of Islamic education at the Al-I'tishoom Islamic Boarding School and similar institutions.

Strategies and tactics of the British parental discourse: historical perspective

This article studies verbal and non-verbal means of implementing parental discourse strategies and tactics used by representatives of the British linguistic and cultural community of the 18th and 21st centuries and establishes the changes they underwent in the speech of the father’s and the mother’s discursive personality. The research is substantiated by linguists’ growing interest in the ways communicative behaviour is formed, including its diachronic aspects. The research is aimed at establishing characteristic features of British parents and children’s communication basing on British fiction films, whose main characters are typical representatives of the Georgian era (the series “Aristocrats” and “Pride and Prejudice”) and the present (“Broadchurch”). The object of study is the strategies and tactics of the British parental discourse of the corresponding centuries, and the subject is verbal and/or non-verbal variants of their actualization. The study is based on the methods of discursive and contextual analysis, which allowed us to reveal the specifics of typical communicative strategies and tactics functioning in the British parental discourse, and comparative analysis, which contributed to identification of changes of strategies and tactics configuration in the speech of the father’s and the mother’s discursive personality of the 21st century compared to the speech of the father’s and the mother’s discursive personality of the 18th century. We claim that the speech of both the father’s and the mother’s discursive personality in both historical periods is dominated by cooperative strategies with a tendency to a moderate increase in the frequency of use, with the leading strategy for both historical periods being that of cooperation; the leading tactics vary – providing advice and instructions in the 18th century and discussion in the 21st century. Confrontation strategies do not significantly vary in terms of gender and chronological factors either: for both centuries under study, the conflict strategy is the leading one; the dominant tactics for the father’s discursive personality is order, for the mother’s discursive personality it is condemnation/reproach.

Coping strategy for work-family conflict and burnout in construction industrial adult workers: A philosophical highlight.

The work environment in Nigeria is demanding and could lead to psychological disturbances. Evidentially, construction workers have confirmed the horrible job stress and work-family conflict they experience in the workplace. This has led to work-related burnout. As a matter of importance, this study was conducted. A pure experimental design was used, which helped to randomly assigned recruited 98 construction industry adult workers to 2 arms (treatment and waitlisted control groups). Two dependent measures were distributed before, immediately after, and 4 weeks after completion of intervention with 12 sessions that were given to the treatment group. This study found that cognitive behavior therapy is beneficial in the management of work-family conflict and work burnout among construction industry workers. Therefore, there is a need for advancement and adequate implementation of cognitive behavior therapy in industries for psychological functioning of workers.

Strategi Manajemen Konflik dalam Pengembangan Soft Skill dan Hard Skill Siswa Kelas 4 di SDI Full Day Baitul Izzi

AbstractThis research is focused on explaining how conflict management strategies towards the development of soft skills and hard skills of 4th graders at SD I Full Day Baitul Izzi. This study used a qualitative approach with case study design. The data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, and documentation in collecting data. The results of the study there are several conflicts that occur in the development of soft skills and hars skills, including: a. Conflict in soft skill development; shift in norms caused by the times, the innate character possessed by students. b. Conflict in hard skill development; IQ difference, lazy to read and write. Several efforts have been made, namely: a. Conflict management strategy in soft skill development; using the class development method, becoming Uswatun Hasanah. b. Conflict strategy in hard skill development; provide additional hours for students who have low IQs, show children who are lazy to read to read while learning and record every material that has been explained for children who are lazy to write.

Work-Family Conflict and Coping Strategies among Nurses of a Selected Teaching Hospital in Pokhara, Nepal

Introduction: Conflict between work and family is a consequence of incompatibilities between different roles of nurses. Nurses need to maintain equilibrium between the demands of work and family life because it is important for their physical and mental health. The elimination of distress is primarily achieved through effective coping. The objective of this study was to assess the status of work family conflict and coping strategies among nurses.
 Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the nurses of a teaching hospital. Consecutive sampling was employed for the selection of 110 nurses. A self-administered structured questionnaire consisting of Carlson work family conflict scale and brief cope inventory was used for data collection. Work-Family Conflict was categorized into high and low level based on the mean score. Similarly, Coping Strategies was also categorized into high and low coping based on the mean score. A Chi-square test was used to find the association between variables and status of work-family conflict.
 Results: Nearly half (44.5%) of the nurses were suffering from high work family conflict and more than half (51.8%) of the participants were adopting high coping strategies. The religion(p=0.042) and schedule flexibility (p=0.026) were found to be significantly associated with the status of work-family conflict.
 Conclusion: The study concludes that almost half of the nurses working in teaching hospital suffer from high work-family conflict. So, there is a need to pay attention to the interface of work and family roles in order to reduce the conflict level and enhance work output among nurses.

Analysis of Conflict Management Practices and Strategies at the Elementary School Level in District Rahim Yar Khan

The study was intended to analyze the conflict management, practices, and strategies at the elementary school level in District Rahim Yar Khan. In this article, challenges faced by teachers and head teachers in management practices and strategies at the elementary level will be discussed, as well as dynamic management strategies to resolve issues between teachers and administration are addressed. To analyze the role of leadership in promoting quality education at the elementary level, all the male and female teachers (4128) and head teachers (316) at the elementary level from District Rahim Yar Khan were considered as population. The descriptive survey design and stratified random sampling techniques were employed to accomplish the goal. A 45-item self-structured questionnaire based on a 5-point Likert scale was utilized to collect the data from 1534 participants (1376 teachers & 158 head teachers). The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS both descriptive (mean, standard deviation, and frequency value) and inferential statistics (i.e. Independent Samples t. test and ANOVA). It is employed to know the difference between participants’ opinions based on demographic variables i.e. gender, locality, designation, qualification, and teaching experience. As a result, methods and strategies for managing conflicts have a positive impact on academic performance by creating a less tense atmosphere in the classroom. In short, skillful conflict management paves the way for honest communication, collaborative decision-making, consistent feedback, and speedy resolution of problems.

Identification of Prospective Chemistry Teachers’ Misconceptions When Practicing Basic Teaching Skills and Their Correction Through Cognitive Conflict Strategies

Chemical misconceptions occur in almost all topics. Identification of chemical misconceptions has been carried out on students, students and even teachers. Chemical concepts are interrelated, so misconceptions at the primary level have the potential to cause misconceptions in the next concept. This study aims to identify misconceptions held by prospective chemistry teachers practicing basic teaching skills and overcome them through cognitive conflict strategies. This research is a naturalistic case study with an interpretive paradigm framework. Research is carried out naturally (natural setting) following the ongoing lecture program. The research was conducted during the even semester of the 2021/2022 academic year with 32 meetings for two classes. The research participants comprised 25 students (2 classes) taking microteaching courses. As the main instrument, the researcher is a microteaching subject with more than ten years of teaching experience. Data were collected using observation and interview methods with a cognitive conflict strategy framework. The results showed many misconceptions, including ionic bonds, ionization, and the formula for determining the pH of a buffer solution. Four prospective chemistry teachers experienced this misconception when practicing basic teaching skills. The correction results showed that 3 out of 4 students managed to correct the misconceptions that had been experienced before. One misconception is resistants. Based on the study results, it is recommended that a teacher or instructor pay attention to the misconceptions that occur and immediately overcome them as soon as possible.

INTERROGATING THE ASSUMPTIONS OF GENERAL SYSTEM THEORY INTHE 21ST CENTURY: OYO STATE GOVERNMENT-LABOUR LEADERS’ DISPUTE (2016-2019)

Conflict of interests over human needs has been a recurring decimal since the advent of mankind on the planet earth. The only viable option left for man is how to strike a balance in human relations without necessarily destabilizing the social setting. This study examined the strengths and weaknesses of General system theory in the dispute between Oyo State Government and Labour Unions over the management of 31 secondary schools in the state. The causative, as well as trigger factors, that led to the industrial dispute were also interrogated. The study is qualitative, and relied on secondary and Face-to-face interviews for data collection. Content analysis was adopted. It was discovered among others that: Religious Organizations (ROs), Ibadan District Council (IDC), Secondary School Associations (SSA), Traditional Rulers (TRs), and Parent Teachers’ Association (PTAs) were interested in the Public-Private Management proposal by the State government. The functional indispensability of General system theory was incompatible with the State-centric approach of the Oyo state government. The unpaid salary arrears of the teaching staff, civil servants, and the apparent lack of trust and sincerity of purpose at the latent and manifest stages of the conflict were the trigger factors in the dispute. The study concludes that, the unmet basic needs and aspirations amongst the stakeholders were the causative factors of the protracted dispute. It recommended that, parties in the dispute should have jettisoned their principled negotiation approach as the issues were not beyond conflict transformation strategies.

Digital Interventions to Support and Treat Victims of Intimate Partner Violence

Abstract: Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a public health issue. Digital interventions are emerging as a promise to overcome known-barriers to accessing usual IPV services, which have been supporting and treating IPV victims or their survivors, offering safer, more interactive, and real time access to help. Hence, a systematic review was carried out to identify and characterize current digital interventions to respond to IPV, including associated mental health conditions, and related outcomes among victims and survivors. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we searched in three databases: EBSCOhost, PubMed, and Web of Science. Last search was performed in December 2022. Of the 1,816 electronic articles retrieved, and six added after a manual search, 16 studies were selected. Published between 2010 and 2021, the studies were experimental or quasi-experimental, with quantitative methodologies. Publication data, objectives, sample, design, instruments, intervention characteristics, results and conclusions were extracted from each study. Regarding results, safety decision aid or a variant was the most reported digital intervention. Significant improvements were identified for IPV exposure, related outcomes such as decisional conflict and safety strategies, and mental health conditions. In short, digital interventions hold promise, however there is a clear need for research focused on hard-to-reach victims or women who have left the abuser. Digital interventions have to be adapted to their needs, and security and privacy issues must be better ensured. The risk of publication bias and the exclusion of some specific keywords in the search were limitations of the study.

Communication in Focus: Supervisors’ Lived Experiences

As communication conflicts were happening in every organization, the goal of this study was to know the lived experiences of department supervisors regarding organizational communication principles and conflicts and to determine the best strategies to resolve these conflicts. A qualitative research design with the phenomenology approach was used in the study. There were ten department supervisors from the selected companies in Laguna, particularly in Biñan, Cabuyao, Calamba, and Sta. Rosa. The participants were interviewed in a semi-structured manner. The result showed department supervisors' different perspectives and practices regarding organizational communication principles and conflicts. Using the Hermeneutical Phenomenological Method, the study generated ten emerging themes which were: Maintaining Goals and Objectives, Various Experiences in Communication, Language Barriers, Interpersonal Communication, Relationship, Poor Communication and Differences, Cultural, Personal, and Organizational Barriers, Diverse Effects of Conflicts, Clear Understanding and Communication, Proper Communication, and Development in Work Performance and Organization. Communication plays a vital role in an organization achieving its goal and objectives. The barriers that contributed to organizational communication conflicts served as a major challenge for the supervisor-participants. They utilized several strategies to cope with the challenges encountered. The supervisor-participants mentioned the development in the communication cycle in their organization. Finally, they practised the organizational communication principles in encountering conflicts with their managers, subordinates, and other organization members. The output of the study was proposed for them to be knowledgeable about the importance, barriers, challenges, and strategies of organizational communication principles and conflicts.

A Study on the Misconception of Art by Epistemological View

본 연구의 목적은 미술 학문의 개념 변화(지식 습득)를 인식론적 관점에서 탐색해 보는 것이었다. 연구의 내용을 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 미술교육자들이 미술이라는 학문의 정체성과 가치에 대한 깊은 이해를 가지고 있어야 한다. 그래야 학생들에게 미술적 개념에 대하여 설득력 있게 설명할 수 있다. 둘째, 미술교육자들이 오개념에 대한 인식론적 이해가 필요하다. 학습자들이 가지고 있는 인식론적 장애도 지식이다. 또한 학생들이 인식론적 전환을 가지는 것 자체가 쉽지 않은 일이다. 그럼에도 그러한 장애를 알고 극복하는 것이 학습의 핵심(Cornu, 1991)이라는 사실을 학생들이 인지하고 극복하도록 고무해야 한다. 셋째, 인식론적 관점을 전환시킬 수 있는 방법들을 습득하고 있어야 한다. 구체적인 방법으로 ‘인식론적 프레이밍’, ‘인지 갈등 상황’, ‘전형적 인식 상황’과 ‘결정적 예’ 등이 있다. 학문적 사고의 습득 과정에서 인식론적 장애가 발생하며, 이는 불가피한 것이고, 필수적인 것이다(Bachelard, 1970/1991). 새로운 학문적 사고는 기존의 모순적 사고를 버리고, 새로운 무모순적 사고를 습득하는 것이 아니라, 새로운 사고가 기존의 사고를 포용하여 확장되는 것이다.The purpose of this study was to investigate the misconception of art by epistemological view. The result of this study are summarized as follows. First, art educators should have profound understanding on the identity, value of the discipline of art. Then, art educators teach and demonstrate what is art. why artistic thinking is different with other principles, and how does it help students development. Second, art educators should have epistemological understanding on the misconceptions. The change of epistemological view is not easy, because the change of misconceptions require the change the attributes of epistemology. However, art educators should encourage students to recognize that to know and overcome the epistemological obstacles is the essence of learning(Cornu, 1991). Third, art educators should know the methods of change for epistemological view. They are ‘Epistemological Frame’, ‘Typically Perceived Situation’ and ‘Critical Example’, and ‘Cognitive Conflict Strategy’. The epistemological obstacles are inevitable(Bachelard, 1970/1991). They are part of the natural learning process. Art educators must try to understand that learning in education is not to abandon the old knowledge and accept new one but to embrace the new knowledge.

Water-related conflicts: definitions, data, and trends from the water conflict chronology

Violence associated with freshwater resources has occurred throughout recorded history, with water triggering violence and armed conflict, water or water systems being used as weapons, and water or water systems becoming casualties during conflicts. Understanding the causes of water-related violence and regional and temporal trends is critical for identifying priority areas for conflict resolution and strategies to reduce the risk of future conflicts. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the structure, content, and design of The Water Conflict Chronology, an open-source online database, which tracks water-related conflicts from around the globe. Some analysis is provided with caveats about the limitations of the data, but further analysis will be forthcoming. The database is updated approximately annually using information from other conflict-related databases, news reports, eyewitness accounts, and a review of historical documents. As of October 2022, the Chronology had 1298 entries, from the earliest events around 2400 BCE through early 2022. Initial analysis of data shows trends in the nature, location, and social and political characteristics of water-related violence, including a sharp increase in water-related violence in recent years, especially where water has been a trigger or casualty of violence, a concentration of events in the Middle East, southern Asia, and the Sahel, and the increased targeting of civilian water systems during civil and regional armed conflicts.

MANAJEMEN DALAM PENANGANAN KONFLIK DALAM LEMBAGA PENDIDIKAN

Conflict management is a process of parties involved in conflict or parties who can devise conflict strategies and use them to control conflicts to generate a way out of the desired problem. Conflict is one of the foundations of human life and development that has different characteristics and attitudes. Conflict will always occur in the world as it happens in a social that can be called a state, nation, organization, company, school, even often occurs also in the smallest social consisting of a family, friendships and conflicts in yourself, surely a conflict will occur. The method used in compiling this research is a method of literature studies. The study of literature is taken from several sources such as scientific articles, the internet, and also documentation books. The material studied comes from national and international journal books and articles relevant to the theme of the discussion, namely Conflict Management in Educational Institutions. Conflict comes from the word confligere, conflictuan which means clashing with each other. All clashing, collisions, different, opposition, fights. Conflict is the opposition to a person's desires that is different from what is desired, whether between individuals, groups or organizations. In the discussion discussing knowledge of conflict, types of conflicts, causes, sources, impacts will help leaders in finding ways to form conflict management strategies appropriately and correctly.

Характер межличностных отношений и уровень конфликтности девиантных подростков

The article contains a description of the features of interpersonal relationships of deviant adolescents and the features of conflict. Interpersonal relationships are defined as a form of interaction between adolescents, accompanied by perception and a certain influence on people around them, assessment of their actions, actions and behavior in general. Conflictedness is considered as a personality trait that influences its provocation of conflict and entry into interpersonal conflict. It is noted that the conflict manifested in the interpersonal relationships of an individual can be demonstrated as an “maladaptive” model of behavior coming from the family, or as an indicator of an age crisis exacerbated in a situation of deprivation of basic needs in the field of communication and activity. Conflict relations are understood as that are built up in the process of interaction between subjects who have opposite-directed opinions, judgments, attitudes, goals, as well as those associated with acute emotional experiences. Describes the features of adolescence as a crisis period in the development of personality and affecting the nature of its interpersonal relationships. The description of deviant teenagers is given and the statistics of offenses are given. The sample consisted of 25 teenagers registered in the school and in the juvenile affairs unit. Based on empirical data, it was found that deviant adolescents are dominated by such a style of behavior in a conflict situation as “rivalry”. Much less often, these teenagers resort to the strategies of “cooperation” and “compromise”. The direct relationship between the “authoritarian” type of interpersonal relationships of deviant adolescents and such a style of behavior in conflict as “rivalry”, between “suspicious” and “subordinate” types of interpersonal relationships and the strategy of “adaptation” in conflict is revealed. Significant inverse correlations have been established between the “suspicious”, “subordinate” types of interpersonal relationships and the “rivalry” strategy in conflict.

Professional online communication of a student in conditions of sustainable development of social systems

The article presents a description of the internal predictors of student success as a subject of communication in digital professional communities. The determinants of student success as a subject of modern communication in the digital environment are described. The role of communicative control, empathy, the chosen strategy of behavior in a conflict situation in the implementation of productive communication is shown. An analysis of the features of the manifestation of internal predictors of student success in the context of interaction in professional digital communities is presented. The introduction presents an analytical review of psychological research on student success as a subject of communication in digital professional communities. Clusters of factors that determine the success of students' communicative activity in the digital professional and educational environment are generalized and typified. The aim of the study is to study the success of a student as a subject of communication in digital professional communities. The study used a method of communicative self-control, an empathy scale, a test for studying behavior strategies in conflict. The article describes the main results of the study of self-control in communication, the level of empathy and the strategy of behavior in conflict as predictors of student success as a subject of communication.

Parental Influence Modelling the Formation of Adolescents’ Coping Strategies in Situations of Social Conflict

The study aimed to search for a family aetiology of strategies for adolescents in situations of social conflict inherent in the pattern of parental response to situations of social conflict. The research used the Questionnaire on Coping Strategies of Parents in Situations of Social Conflict (in Polish – KSRwSK) by D. Borecka-Biernat, and the Questionnaire for the Study of Coping Strategies of Adolescents in Situations of Social Conflict (in Polish – KSMK) by D. Borecka-Biernat. Empirical research was conducted in junior high schools. They included 893 adolescents (468 girls and 425 boys) aged 13–15. The research analysis showed that the mother and Father, perceived as using destructive and constructive strategies in social conflict, contribute to modelling a process involving destructive and constructive behaviour used in cases of social conflict.

Objective law in the light of modern materialistic theory of law Review of the discussion materials of the book by V.M. Syrykh “Fundamentals of the materialistic theory of law: in 4 vols. Vol. I. Objective law and forms of its expression”

The review presents the materials of the discussion of the book by the Doctor of Law, Professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation V.M. Syrykh “Fundamentals of the materialist theory of law”: in 4 vols. Vol. I. Objective law and forms of its expression”. The discussion took place as part of the Discussion Platform of the International Scientific Conference “Actual vector of state-legal research: valid law as a form of reflection of conflict and cooperation strategies in the modern society (general theoretical and sociological and legal aspects)”, held in Derzhavin Tambov State University. The discussion was attended by scientists from different Russian regions, as well as a number of foreign countries. During the discussion, V.M. Syrykh in his introductory remarks outlined how the work on the book was carried out, what caused it to be written, what goals and objectives were set in the context of this work, expressed interest in receiving meaningful feedback on the proposed scientific publication; the participants of the discussion, in turn, shared their opinions about the monograph, expressed their recommendations and wishes, asked the author questions, to which they received answers.

Lecturer – Student Conflicts in Universities: A Pathological Interrogation

The study examines the relationship that exists between lecturers and students a pathological interrogation. Findings have shown that conflict is normal, due to the rationality of human decision-making. Conflict most times indicated disjointedness in convergence, which is not in its self-harmful but part of a process to aid sound resolve and rational choices. The school environment, presents a formidable space for conflict to thrive due to the constant interface between the teacher and student, typically called classroom conflict. This study used the secondary sources of data collection, gaining insights from textbooks, journals, and online materials, effectively contextualizing conflict and conflict situation. The study proposed effective conflict resolution strategies, like collaborating, compromising, accommodating, understanding conflict and integration strategy.

Wildlife Conflict and Prevention Strategies Adopted by Farmers and Forest Officials

Human-wildlife conflict is unfavorable interactions between people and wild animals that hurt both people and their resources as well as wildlife and their habitats. The study was conducted in the year 2021-2022 in the surrounding villages of Ranthambore Tiger Reserve to understand the type of conflict and strategies adopted to prevent conflict. Garret ranking method was used to assess degree of vulnerability of crops and livestock towards wild animals and vice versa and strategies to prevent conflict. Farmers have grown 10 types of crops among them maize and among livestock goat was highly preferred by wild animals. Farmers mostly followed seven strategies to prevent conflict out of seven, fencing around the field and guarding crops and livestock by humans was found most effective strategies and eight practices were followed by forest officials to prevent conflict out of eight, boundary wall around the reserve area was most effective practice.

Romantic Relationships during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Introduction: The coronavirus pandemic and the resultant lockdown had been harsh on many people especially those in romantic relationships. There was increase in psychological issues such as anxiety, stress, depression, alcoholism, and problematic eating behaviors which resulted in conflicts and breakdown in relationships. Aim and Objectives: The present cross-sectional exploratory study investigated how individuals in romantic dating relationships have coped during the times of COVID-19. The objectives were to examine the stressors faced by romantic dating couples during the pandemic, the differences among them with respect to dyadic coping, conflict, and resolution strategies employed. Materials and Methods: A total of 232 individuals (males = 104, females = 128) were assessed on a semi-structured Stressor Checklist, the Dyadic Coping Inventory, and Romantic Partner Conflict Scale. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, ANOVA, and Tukey's honestly significant difference were calculated. Results: 45% of participants reported growing closer to their partners during the pandemic; others reported strained relationships or break-ups. Distance, difficulty in in-person meetings, reduced communication emerged as the most reported stressors among participants. Dyadic coping was found to be significantly better in the closer group than in the strained group or the break-up group (t = −1.89,P< 0.05). Stress communication by partner was found to be significantly better in closer couples (t = −2.38,P< 0.01). With respect to conflict resolution, significant differences were found among the three groups on compromise (r = 0.459,P< 0.01) avoidance (r = 0.224,P< 0.01), interactional reactivity (r= −0.446,P< 0.01), domination (r = −0.223,P< 0.01), and submission (r = −0.491,P< 0.01). No difference was found among the groups on separation (r = −0.07; NS). Conclusion: Individuals who found themselves in strained relationships or breakups during COVID-19 attributed negative outcome in relationship to factors internal to the relationship. Individuals with positive relationship outcomes engaged in positive dyadic coping; conflict resolution strategies employed by them were positive. The limitations, mental health implications and suggestions for further research have been discussed.