Conflict Resolution Strategies Research Articles

The mediating effects that conflict resolution strategies and work-family conflicts have in the impact of conflict mindsets on the quality of marital relationships among fathers in pregnancy

The mediating effects that conflict resolution strategies and work-family conflicts have in the impact of conflict mindsets on the quality of marital relationships among fathers in pregnancy

How Do Couples Disagree? An Analysis of Conflict Resolution Profiles and the Quality of Romantic Relationships

This study aimed to identify conflict resolution profiles and assess relationship quality levels associated with each profile. The participants were 750 heterosexual couples living in southern Brazil. They filled out measures about conflict resolution strategies, relationship quality, and sociodemographic data. A latent profile analysis was conducted in order to classify participants regarding conflict resolution. Variance and association analyses were also conducted in order to examine relationships between the resolution profiles and other study variables. Four profiles were identified: Low Conflict/Withdraw, Validator, Hostile, and Volatile. The Validator profile showed higher relationship quality, followed by Low Conflict/Withdraw and Volatile profiles, which did not differ from each other, and the Hostile, which showed low levels of relationship quality. We conclude that even though validation and negotiation are desirable, emotionally intense strategies may also be beneficial for couples in some contexts.

The Role of Civil Society Organizations in Creating Conflict Resolution through Multicultural Education

Dermolo as one of the villages in Kembang, Jepara, was ever hit by a conflict under a religious background. This friction involved Islamic and Christian groups. The dispute between the two groups increasingly culminated and seemed to have no end without the presence of the Nation. When the Regional Government of Jepara encountered a deadlock in breaking down this social conflict, the presence of a civil society organization was absolutely necessary. Lakpesdam NU Jepara since 2014 up to now has been trying to extinguish the fire of conflict in Dermolo which was initially triggered by disputes over the use of a worship place. Through a qualitative descriptive approach by utilizing the theory of conflict resolution and multicultural education, this paper finally succeeds in mapping the four multicultural education patterns used by Lakpesdam NU. Those are economic empowerment, religious approaches, empowering women, and empowering village cadres. The result of this academic discourse at the same time provides an alternative methodological offer that can be replicated by the stakeholders of the policy makers, for example the Regional Government and the relevant Regional Apparatus Organization. It can be used as a prototype for civil society organizations and peace activists in settling disputes wrapped in religious sentiment. This kind of inclusive pattern is considered quite successful as a conflict resolution strategy. Lakpesdam NU Jepara is the only institution that has the sympathy of the residents and the Dermolo Government, because it has contributed positively in restoring social harmony between Christian and Islam groups

Assessing the theory of change in national strategies

The theory of change links a strategy’s theory about the source of the conflict and the intervention philosophy to the implementation of programs and activities in the field. This paper focuses on strategic assessment at the national level, a step above the operational assessment at the departmental or agency level. The paper first discusses the importance of understanding a strategy’s theory of change and how policymakers at the national level think about the problem and how to intervene. The paper uses counterterrorism and conflict resolution strategy as examples. The author discusses two special challenges: how policymakers frame the desired outcome, and multiple theories. The author argues for strategic assessment officers to discuss a strategy’s theory or theories of change so that policymakers and national-level leaders can better understand how different theories drive their intervention plans and strategies. By improving policymakers’ understanding of their theory of change, and improve the clarity of the desired outcomes, strategic assessment officers can better measure the effectiveness of national-level strategies.

School Managers’ Verbal Communication Skills and Conflict Resolution Strategies: Basis for Developing an Action Plan to Enhance Managers’ Skills

The study aimed to determine and analyze the manager’s verbal communication skills and conflict resolution strategies of manager’s basis for developing an action plan to enhance the manager’s skills. It shows that one of the main gates of a management success is to convey people and to make the necessary decision to have an excellent conflict strategy resolution. There were a total of 40 respondents, 20 from elementary, and 20 from secondary used in the study. The study utilized a quantitative research design to describe the study in detail. To determine the level of school manager’s verbal communication skills as perceived by elementary and secondary school teachers, frequency, percentage, and rank distribution were used. Likewise, to determine the extent of conflict resolution strategies used by school managers, mean and standard deviation were used. To determine the significant difference in manager’s communication skills and the significant difference in the manager’s conflict resolution strategies as perceived by the two groups of respondents, z-test was used. It found out that there is no significant difference between the two groups of respondents on the extent of conflict resolution strategies utilization in terms of problem-solving, compromising, and forcing. Based on the findings, the following conclusions were drawn. The level of manager’s verbal communication skills rated by the two sets of respondents elementary and secondary rated the items differently. While on the extent of conflict resolution strategies of managers used by secondary respondents rated the items and verbally interpreted as often. The results will be a big help in developing an action plan to enhance the skills of the manager. Based on the analysis and interpretation of data gathered on the two groups of respondents from the Division of Rizal, there is no significant difference on the level of manager’s verbal communication skills, and on the extent of conflict resolution strategies of managers, therefore, the hypothesis is retained.

Conflict Resolution Strategies Training Program and its Effect on Assertiveness among Nursing Students

Background nursing students are increasingly challenged to manage conflict, improve communication, and influence assertive behavior. Aim: This study aims to assess the effect of the training program about conflict resolution strategies on nursing students' assertiveness. Design: Aquasi-experimental design was used. Settings: the study was conducted at the Technical Institute of Nursing, Zagazig University. Subjects: 151 students in the two grades academic year. Data collection: Three tools were used: the conflict knowledge questionnaire, Rahim conflict strategies inventory II, and students' assertiveness questionnaire. Results: revealed that the highest percentage of the nursing students had unsatisfactory knowledge and perception of conflict, and assertiveness level before program. After program implementation there are improving in the satisfactory level of constructive conflict resolution strategies and assertiveness. Conclusion: the implementation of an educational intervention is effective in improving these nursing students' knowledge and perception of conflict and their assertiveness, with positive influences on constructive conflict management strategies, and hindering impact on the negative ones.Recommendation: proposed to develop training program in the curricula of the Technical Nursing Institutes in order to improve students' psychomotor skills and summer courses and cocurriculum activities need to be developed to help nursing students improve their conflict resolution strategies and assertiveness.

Negotiating Complex Conflicts

AbstractOpposing notions of justice held by parties frequently contribute to the complexity of conflict and its resolution. Yet the implications of this reality remain poorly explored in scholarship and often little recognized in policy approaches. This chapter delineates different causes behind and roots of opposing justice notions in conflicts situations. A range of means available to tackle them are then developed. So called integrative strategies of negotiation and conflict resolution are put forward as most promising if certain preparatory steps, involving a third party and trust building among other matters, are taken.

Preferowane podejścia do rozwiązywania konfliktów wśród polskich i amerykańskich studentów prawa, w kontekście systemu kształcenia

The purpose of this article is to initially identify conflict resolution strategies among law students of the University of Warsaw, as well as to compare their approach to conflict resolution to similar research done among US law students. In this study Thomas-Kilmann Test was used as a tool for analyzing the preferred conflict resolution approaches. The test was developed in the US but also used in other parts of the world. The results of test among the Polish students obtained during the study were compared with available data of US students. The study was conducted to verify the approach to conflict resolution for those who start legal profession carrier. The researchers were also interested in the question whether the attitude to the conflict changed during the legal education.

An RCT of Dating Matters: Effects on Teen Dating Violence and Relationship Behaviors

Introduction:Teen dating violence is a serious public health problem with few effective prevention strategies. This study examines whether the Dating Matters comprehensive prevention model, compared with a standard of care intervention, prevented negative relationship behaviors and promoted positive relationship behaviors.Study design:This longitudinal, cluster-RCT compared the effectiveness of Dating Matters with standard of care across middle school. Standard of care was an evidence-based teen dating violence prevention curriculum (Safe Dates) implemented in eighth grade.Setting/participants:Forty-six middle schools in high-risk urban neighborhoods in four U.S. cities were randomized. Schools lost to follow-up were replaced with new schools, which were independently randomized (71% school retention). Students were surveyed in fall and spring of sixth, seventh, and eighth grades (2012–2016). The analysis sample includes students from schools implementing Dating Matters or standard of care for >2 years who started sixth grade in the fall of 2012 or 2013 and had dated (N=2,349 students, mean age 12 years, 49% female, and 55% black, non-Hispanic, 28% Hispanic, 17% other).Intervention:Dating Matters is a comprehensive, multicomponent prevention model including classroom-delivered programs for sixth to eighth graders, training for parents of sixth to eighth graders, educator training, a youth communications program, and local health department activities to assess capacity and track teen dating violence–related policy and data.Main outcome measures:Self-reported teen dating violence perpetration and victimization, use of negative conflict resolution strategies, and positive relationship skills were examined as outcomes. Imputation and analyses were conducted in 2017.Results:Latent panel models demonstrated significant program effects for three of four outcomes; Dating Matters students reported 8.43% lower teen dating violence perpetration, 9.78% lower teen dating violence victimization, and 5.52% lower use of negative conflict resolution strategies, on average across time points and cohorts, than standard of care students. There were no significant effects on positive relationship behaviors.Conclusions:Dating Matters demonstrates comparative effectiveness, through middle school, for reducing unhealthy relationship behaviors, such as teen dating violence and use of negative conflict resolution strategies, relative to the standard of care intervention.Trial registration:This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov .

Adolescents’ Conflict Resolution with Their Parents and Best Friends: Links to Life Satisfaction

The present study aimed to compare the frequency with which adolescents’ used different conflict resolution styles in their three close relationships (mother, father and best friend); to examine the associations among adolescents’ conflict resolution styles in these relationships and the links between conflict resolution styles and life satisfaction. The participants were adolescents (N = 854; aged 11–19 years), from six secondary schools in a metropolitan city in Turkey, who completed self-report questionnaires. In conflicts with their parents, adolescents used constructive styles (problem solving and compliance) more often than dysfunctional styles (withdrawal and conflict engagement). Problem solving was the most frequently used strategy in conflicts with a best friend, followed by conflict engagement, withdrawal, and compliance. Path analysis indicated a strong association between the strategies used to resolve conflicts with parents and with one’s best friend, χ2 = 6.45, df = 6, p = 0.38, CFI/TLI = 1/0.999, RMSEA = 0.007. Across all three relationships problem solving was positively linked to life satisfaction, whereas withdrawal and conflict engagement were negatively linked to life satisfaction, χ2 = 25.234, df = 24, p = 0.39, CFI/TLI = 0.999/0.999, RMSEA = 0.006. There were similarities and differences in the conflict resolution strategies used in the different relationships, which provide support for the social problem solving model as well as for the contextual view of conflict resolution. The findings also underline the importance of constructive conflict resolution to the wellbeing of adolescents and point to the importance of conflict resolution training.

Managing land use conflict among recreational trail users: A sustainability study of cross-country skiers and fat bikers

An interdisciplinary approach that incorporates tourism/recreation management and conflict resolution strategies has been used to analyze sources of conflict between cross-country skiers and fat bikers in Alberta (AB) and British Columbia (BC), Canada. This research defines applicable solutions for cross-country ski facility managers to reduce conflict while integrating the use of fat bikes into their trail systems. A community based participatory framework was used to develop interview questions for facility managers at three unique facilities in Western Canada. Feedback from the interviews was integrated into the creation of two trail user surveys, one for cross-country skiers and another for fat bikers. The surveys were sent out via social media to fat bike and cross-country ski clubs in Western Canada. In total there were 233 survey respondents. It was found that fat biking can be integrated successfully into cross-country ski facilities while maintaining and providing exceptional experiences for both users. This can be achieved by implementing certain managerial strategies that include effective communication and education of the trail users, designing and building user specific trails, and maximising the capacity of the facility and the available resources.

SGAC: A Multi-Layered Access Control Model with Conflict Resolution Strategy

AbstractThis paper presents SGAC (Solution de Gestion Automatisée du Consentement / automated consent management solution), a new healthcare access control model and its support tool, which manages patient wishes regarding access to their electronic health records (EHR). This paper also presents the verification of access control policies for SGAC using two first-order-logic model checkers based on distinct technologies, Alloy and ProB. The development of SGAC has been achieved within the scope of a project with the University of Sherbrooke Hospital (CHUS), and thus has been adapted to take into account regional laws and regulations applicable in Québec and Canada, as they set bounds to patient wishes: for safety reasons, under strictly defined contexts, patient consent can be overriden to protect his/her life (break-the-glass rules). Since patient wishes and those regulations can be in conflict, SGAC provides a mechanism to address this problem based on priority, specificity and modality. In order to protect patient privacy while ensuring effective caregiving in safety-critical situations, we check four types of properties: accessibility, availability, contextuality and rule effectivity. We conducted performance tests comparison: implementation of SGAC versus an implementation of another access control model, XACML, and property verification with Alloy versus ProB. The performance results show that SGAC performs better than XACML and that ProB outperforms Alloy by two order of magnitude thanks to its programmable approach to constraint solving.

Resource Conflict Checking and Resolution Controller Design for Cross-Organization Emergency Response Processes

A group of geographically dispersed and logically collaborated emergency organizations are involved when emergency occurs. Two challenging issues are a reasonable emergency resource allocation mechanism and an efficient resource conflict checking and resolution control mechanism to ensure the conflict-free execution of global cross-organization emergency response processes. To address them, this paper proposes an approach to support emergency resource management including both intraorganization private resource management and cross-organization public resource management. The former has been fully discussed in our previous work using E-net. To cope with the latter, this paper presents a novel type of Petri net that is extended with both time and resource factors to model cross-organization emergency response processes. Then, according to the resource requirement analysis, their worst, delayed, and best cases are obtained. Next, emergency resource conflict checking and four conflict resolution strategies are proposed to resolve the detected resource conflicts for the delayed execution case. This paper shows how to use different resolution strategies to construct the conflict-free model by designing corresponding resolution controllers. Finally, their performance is evaluated by a fire emergency response example.

A Satisficing Game Theoretic Approach to Multi-Aircraft Collision Avoidance

We propose a distributed approach to multi-aircraft real-time conflict resolution based on satisficing game theory which considers reducing flight collisions and improving economic efficiency. In our conflict game model, aircraft as exclusively self-interested agent are assigned different statuses by a priority ranking mechanism proposed. According to the state of one’s own priority, they take others’ preferences into consideration to choose the most satisficing conflict resolution strategy from policy set including speed and heading modification strategies. The simulation results on the random flight scenario of two concentric circles show that our method which adopts speed and heading adjustment to avoid conflicts is promising in terms of safety and system efficiency.

Identification and prioritization of agricultural risks with special context of rice crop in the Punjab, Pakistan

This study was conducted to explore the production and marketing risks as perceived by the rice growers. The study was conducted in District Sheikhupura of Punjab province. The study area is fully conducive for rice cultivation. Of the rice-growing farmers, 100 were purposively selected to interview. Data were collected through interview Schedule and analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results depicted that the prominent risks appeared “high prices of inputs”, “price conflict between farmers, labour and buyer”, “fluctuations in the prices of inputs” and “high/low rainfall”. While the prominent coping strategy emerged as “information sharing with the community”. In this context, there should be some sound policies for price control of inputs. Moreover, the conflicts among the farmers, labour and buyer should be reduced by opting the conflict resolution strategy according to the situation. There is a need for effective and strengthened information sharing system for farmers.

Conflict resolution strategies of Hong Kong aggressive youth

Employing the Hong Kong Teenage Nonviolence Test, this study investigated 120 Hong Kong adolescents’ endorsement of various conflict resolution strategies as a function of gender and type of aggression. Results revealed all participants endorsed a moderately high level of using Empathy and Satyagraha (insistence on the truth) when faced with conflict. Moreover, the reactive-proactive aggressive youth reported a moderate degree of utilizing Physical-Psychological Violence to resolve conflict, while reactive aggressors and non-aggressors revealed a minimal amount of using this strategy. Additional studies are needed to further explore the relationship between aggression and various conflict resolution strategies. The findings can inform mental health professionals interested in designing programs to promote or reinforce protective or buffering factors (e.g., conflict resolution strategies) linked with proactive and reactive aggression.

Conflict and conflict management in hospitals

PurposeHospitals are complex and complicated organizations and are prone to the conflict. The purpose of this paper is to identify the intensity and type of conflict experienced by hospital managers and explore their conflict management strategies in hospitals affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences.Design/methodology/approachThis quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from top, middle and front line managers. In total, 563 managers from 14 hospitals responded to the questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 19.FindingsHospital managers reported average level of conflict (2.73 score out of 5). Organizational factors produced more conflict for managers than personal factors. High workload, resource shortage, bureaucracy and differences in managers’ personality, knowledge, capabilities and skills were the main causes of organizational and personal conflict. Top managers experienced more conflict than middle and front line managers. Conflict was higher in specialized hospitals compared to general hospitals. Less conflict was observed in administrative and support departments than diagnostic and therapeutic departments. Conflict was meaningfully associated with management level, education, size of hospital, number of employees and willingness to leave the hospital. The dominant conflict management style of managers was collaborating. There were significant relationships between collaborating style and management level, manager’s age, work experience and management experience.Practical implicationsThe nature of hospitals requires that managers use collaborating, compromising and accommodating styles to interact better with different stakeholders. Managers by acquiring necessary training and using the right conflict resolution strategies should keep the conflict in a constructive level in hospitals.Originality/valueThis is the first study conducted in Iran examining the level of conflict, its types and identifying managers’ dominant conflict resolution strategies at front line, middle and top management levels.

Framing and fighting: The impact of conflict frames on political attitudes

How does the subjective conceptual framing of conflict impact the warring parties’ attitudes towards political compromise and negotiation? To assess strategies for conflict resolution, researchers frequently try to determine the defining dispute of a given conflict. However, involved parties often view the conflict through fundamentally distinct lenses. Currently, researchers do not possess a clear theoretical or methodological way to conceptualize the complexity of such competing frames and their effects on conflict resolution. This article addresses this gap. Using the Israeli–Palestinian conflict as a case study, we run a series of focus groups and three surveys among Jewish citizens of Israel, Palestinian citizens of Israel (PCIs), and Palestinians in the West Bank. Results reveal that three conflict frames are prominent – material, nationalist, and religious. However, the parties to the conflict differ in their dominant interpretation of the conflict. Jewish Israelis mostly frame the conflict as nationalist, whereas Palestinians, in both the West Bank and Israel, frame it as religious. Moreover, these frames impact conflict attitudes: a religious frame was associated with significantly less willingness to compromise in potential diplomatic negotiations among both Jewish and Palestinian citizens of Israel. Interestingly, differing frames had no significant impact on the political attitudes of West Bank Palestinians, suggesting that the daily realities of conflict there may be creating more static, militant attitudes among that population. These results challenge the efficacy of material solutions to the conflict and demonstrate the micro-foundations underpinning civilians’ conflict attitudes and their implications for successful conflict resolution.

MANAGING AT MICRO LEVEL IN A CLASSROOM

Мanaging as a necessary need of modern time focused on the management of activities aimed at achieving goals is present in all areas of social life, has special importance in education. Education as the basis for the future development of individuals and from the initial levels of education should reflect in students proper management of their own behavior and their own efforts towards achieving school success. This management process starts at the micro level at the classroom level, where the teacher through the ways of managing in the classroom solves problems, focuses on learning, correct behavior and achieving sets of goals. This is the basis in which students build values for life, and will be the basis for their own management of their lives. The management of the classroom actually represents the coordination of the activities of the students of the classes and their overall behavior in order to make learning as productive and of course to build knowledge and behaviors that are set as desired goals. Classroom management is particularly specific because each student is different from everyone else, the school is not voluntary, only compulsory by society and because students are unpredictable and respond to teacher activities in different ways. There are two main characteristics of classroom management: preventing problems before they occur and reacting to problems once they occur. Many management issues can be prevented by following students' activities by analyzing how classroom enviroment is used by establishing daily procedures, routines and rules by appropriately monitoring and structuring activities by communicating the importance of learning , providing timely feedback and timely collaboration of teachers and parents. Classroom management is more than repairing the foul reactions of individual students, more than a strict discipline. Classroom management refers to the co-ordination of multiple goals, both cognitive as well as affective and psychomotoric, and from here the series of task assignments and learning activities, so that learning is done as simple and productive as possible. Therefore, educators sometimes describe good managing as creating a positive learning environment, because the term refers to the overall activities of all subjects in the classroom, directed towards goals and learning expectations. In general, classroom management involves the behavior of learners and learning process and when talking about the learning environment, is means in the whole "feeling" in the classroom. There are many ways to deal with classroom issues when they occur, and the choice depends on the nature of the problem. Including strategies for conflict resolution is of great importance. Regardless of the startegies that the teacher uses depending on his experience, it is important to have in mind their ultimate goal: to enable achievement of goals, and to make learning as effective as possible.

EFFECTS OF CONFLICT RESOLUTION STRATEGIES ON STUDENTS’ EMPATHY: EVIDENCE FROM ACCOUNTING STUDENTS AT A PUBLIC UNIVERSITY IN BANGKOK, THAILAND

The purpose of this current study was to examine effects of conflict resolution strategies on empathy. A total of 105 students in the four-year program in accounting was distributed a self-administrated questionnaire for data collection. A modified version of Toronto Empathy Questionnaire and an adjusted version of Conflict Management Styles Questionnaire were employed to measure empathy and conflict handling styles of accounting students. Using stepwise regression analyses, results indicated accommodating style and collaborating style were factors that had a positive influence on empathy of accounting students, which these two conflict handling styles explained 22.1% of variance to empathy among accounting students. This could be concluded that only high degree of cooperativeness in conflict management styles had positively significant effects on empathy among accounting students. All in all, the more accounting students employed accommodating and collaborating styles, they became more empathetic on another person.