Issues Of Conflict Research Articles

“We are in the Battlefield”: "Bereaved Mothers and Widows: Navigating Multigenerational Conflicts.

Although the loss of a close family member affects the family relationship, most studies have focused on the coping of individuals with the loss and only a minority have examined the family system and the mutual influence of family members on their adjustment to loss. Less is known about the intergenerational relations in the context of loss. The aim of this article is to discusses conflicts in the relationships between Israeli widows and bereaved mothers after the death of their husband and son. Methods: Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with two groups of participants: ten bereaved mothers and ten widows (from different bereaved families) whose sons or spouses died while serving in the Israeli military, the police, or the security forces. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: The following conflictual issues were identified: (1) Fighting over the memory of the deceased; (2) Tensions around the relationship with the children/grandchildren; and (3) Offensive communication patterns. Discussion: These conflicts are discussed in the Israeli context. The grieving rituals and the honor bestowed upon soldiers and other members of the security forces and their families have paradoxically served to silence the issue. At the same time, the findings and the literature suggest an urgent need for professional intervention to help the families avoid disconnection, aggression and even violence in those vulnerable relationships and maintain them after the loss.

MieWC: Medical image encryption using wavelet transform and multiple chaotic maps

AbstractRecently, digital images have been widely used in several applications through advanced wearable devices and networks. Despite several benefits of digital images, such as easy distribution, storage, and reproduction, it is difficult to prevent the issue of identity theft, privacy leakage, and ownership conflicts. We present a wavelet‐based encryption technique, MieWC, to solve the above issues using multiple chaotic keys. This work uses multiple keys for the encryption process, which ensures high security and authenticity. Lorenz and logistic maps are used for chaotic key generation for diffusion and confusion processes. Further, the technique is tested for two different wavelet transforms, including integer wavelet transform (IWT) and discrete wavelet transform, with IWT giving better results. Hence, it is being used for further analysis. The proposed technique is easy to implement and provides high security with improved results. It has low time complexity and high key bit sensitivity. The result analysis further ensures resistance against crop attacks.

Chereponi-Wenchiki Conflict: Policies, Mediating Roles of Ghana and Togo Governments

The study aims to analyze the Cheriponi-Wencheki conflict in terms of the origins, the actors involved and their motivations in the conflict. It examines the roles of Ghana and Togo's governments in the conflict, their efforts in resolving the conflict and the myriad of problems/issues. In doing so, the study adopted quantitative methods, in which data was obtained from the field (many communities in Ghana and Togo), in assessing the impact of the conflict on the people, properties, and the associated factors in both countries. The study found that several people died because of the conflict, many properties were destroyed, and thousands of people were displaced in Ghana and Togo. The conflict was found to have drained the coffers of the two countries much more in Ghana in terms of the deployment of troops -military and police personnel to the conflict zone at the expense of development projects. Despite these efforts of the governments of Ghana and Togo, it was found in the study that the main inhibiting factor towards effective resolution of the protracted conflict was the issue of conflict of interest of leaders. It thereby recommends politicians and Chiefs should strive to do away with bias and factionalism.

ПРИЧИНИ ВИНИКНЕННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНИХ КОНФЛІКТІВ

The article defines the historical aspects of the formation of the concept of “economic conflicts”. Certain stages of development of economic conflicts are analyzed. It is noted that it is economic conflicts that cause global contradictions between states, groups of people, and between individuals. Economic conflict arises because of real or perceived problems that lead to disputes between parties. This conflict may concern various aspects of market relations, such as sales markets, consumers, finance, wages, etc. It was found that the course and resolution of various conflicts contain an economic component. It is substantiated that, in general, for the modern economic theory of conflict, the main efforts are focused on building models in which conflict behavior is combined with other, cooperative types of economic activity. It is noted that the conflict, in whatever form it appears, always goes through certain stages of development, which differ among themselves in qualitative characteristics and possibilities for localization and resolution. The historical aspects of the study of the concept of the problem of conflicts in the economy are analyzed. Unfortunately, at the moment there are many reasons for conflict situations, which are discussed in the article. It is noted that the policy of the Ukrainian government should be aimed at creating a clear and realistic strategy for the socio-economic development of the country, based on an analysis of the country's real economic situation and its available resources. The main role in the settlement of these conflicts should be played by the state. Since any system is destroyed from the inside by uncontrolled conflicts. Despite the diversity and meaningfulness of approaches to the study of the impact of globalization on the sources of conflicts, the issue of monitoring economic conflicts between the main economic centers of the world in the context of political conflicts of the 21st century, as well as outlining the prospects for European integration of Ukraine, remains insufficiently researched. Conflicts that arise in society need to be responded to immediately, because any system is destroyed from within due to uncontrolled conflicts.

The Issue of Man and Animal Conflict: A Case of Jhargram District, West Bengal

Man-animal conflict is an ancient concept in which humans and wild animals share the same landscapes and resources for their survival. The study investigates the increasing frequency of conflict incidents between humans and animals in various locations within Jhargram District, a region known for its close proximity to both human settlements and wildlife, particularly elephants. Currently, human-animal conflict plays a significant role in altering the landscapes of the southern region of West Bengal in India, and it also has an impact on the rural economy in Jhargram District. Human population growth and expansion, deforestation, habitat degradation, land use change, and livestock grazing in forest and forest fringe areas are all considered major causes of human-animal conflicts. The study aims to pinpoint the underlying causes and repercussions of human-animal conflicts, as well as suggest management strategies to address the issue. The study reveals that people living in forest fringe areas and close to forest protected areas are often prone to attacks, particularly by elephants and other wild animals like hyenas, wild dogs, wild boars, etc.

Leveraging Artificial Intelligence to Reduce Human-Animal Conflict in India

The case focuses on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and computer vision (CV) technologies to solve a socially complex issue of human-animal conflict in the geographical regions surrounding the Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve (TATR) in Maharashtra state in central India. Due to an increasing tiger population, the villages surrounding the TATR often encountered tigers that strayed outside the reserve, sometimes leading to injuries or fatalities either to the humans or the wild animals involved. Valiance, a technology company, collaborated with the Forest department and other local stakeholders to create a computer vision based AI virtual wall system as a pilot project. The technology solution monitored the location 24hrs a day 7 days a week and had the capability of identifying tigers, leopards, and other predators, and sending out automated, real time alerts to help prevent human-animal conflict situations. Based on the outcome of the pilot, the solution could be refined and then a wider rollout could be planned.

Design and Application of Intelligent Library Intelligence Authentication System Based on Information Entropy Early Warning Models

Abstract Identifying the authenticity of library intelligence has consistently posed a significant challenge in intelligence management. This paper aims to optimize the D-S evidence theory to address the issues of uncertainty, imprecision, and high conflict in library intelligence evidence fusion. To achieve this, DSmT is employed to extend the D-S evidence theory by eliminating the process of assigning conflicting information with normalization coefficients. Then, through the fuzzy information pseudo-feature analysis method, the library intelligent intelligence information entropy feature quantity is extracted, and semantic feature matching is used to construct the library intelligent intelligence true and false information recognition system. Finally, the recognition performance of the system is examined using a dataset to analyze the intelligence authenticity recognition of mis-spliced bacterial colony genomic data from a biological experiment that has been entered into the library intelligence database. Finally, it was found that the average recognition rate of this paper's system in the four classical datasets is 96.57%, which is higher than the 89.61% and 90.02% of the two evidence fusion classification schemes. The results of this paper's algorithm for high-conflict evidence are 0.9506, 0.0558, and 0.0097, reflecting the accuracy of the evidence support results. Finally, 35 colony genome splicing error intelligence were identified, of which 32 were genuine errors, with a precision rate of 91% and a recall rate of 94%. The library intelligence authenticity recognition system designed in this paper has excellent performance and provides an effective path and usable algorithmic model for library intelligence authentication.

Enhanced redox kinetics of Prussian blue analogues for superior electrochemical deionization performance.

Prussian blue analogues (PBAs), representing the typical faradaic electrode materials for efficient capacitive deionization (CDI) due to their open architecture and high capacity, have been plagued by kinetics issues, leading to insufficient utilization of active sites and poor structure stability. Herein, to address the conflict issue between desalination capacity and stability due to mismatched ionic and electronic kinetics for the PBA-based electrodes, a rational design, including Mn substitution and polypyrrole (ppy) connection, has been proposed for the nickel hexacyanoferrate (Mn-NiHCF/ppy), serving as a model case. Particularly, the theoretical calculation manifests the reduced bandgap and energy barrier for ionic diffusion after Mn substitution, combined with the increased electronic conductivity and integrity through ppy connecting, resulting in enhanced redox kinetics and boosted desalination performance. Specifically, the optimized Mn-NiHCF/ppy demonstrates a remarkable desalination capacity of 51.8 mg g-1 at 1.2 V, accompanied by a high charge efficiency of 81%, and excellent cycling stability without obvious degradation up to 50 cycles, outperforming other related materials. Overall, our concept shown herein provides insights into the design of advanced faradaic electrode materials for high-performance CDI.

Peace Journalism in the Kanjuruhan Tragedy

This research focuses on answering the question of how Metro TV and TVOne implemented peaceful journalism in the Kanjuruhan Stadium tragedy in October 2022. The incident, which killed 135 people and injured 583 people, then developed as a conflict between the police, match organizers, and football supporters, especially Aremania. In the news, conflict issues are always an exciting topic to discuss. Events that contain conflict naturally attract people and have more sales potential than mediocre events. Therefore, researchers are interested in examining how conflict is framed by the media, especially TV, from a Peace Journalism perspective. Using Descriptive Qualitative Research Methods with framing analysis Robert N. Entman 1) Define Problem, 2) Diagnose Causes, 3) Make a Moral Judgment (moral decision maker), 4) Treatment Recommendation (Problem-Solving) and the concept of peace journalism, namely orientation to truth, society, peace, and problem-solving. The results of this research indicate that from the four framing analysis units and the concept of peace journalism, it can be seen that TVOne has implemented three of the four fundamental concepts of peace journalism, namely oriented toward peace, society, and conflict resolution efforts. This is marked by highlighting issues that focus on victims and losses of conflict and providing space to talk to each figure in the conflict. Meanwhile, Metro TV, of the four components of peaceful journalism analysis, only 1 focuses on efforts to implement peaceful journalism, namely problem solving. Metro TV focuses more on efforts to find the cause of the conflict and resolve the conflict by blaming one particular party but does not focus on the deep sorrow of the victims.

The Intersection of Sustainable Development and Ethno-Religious Conflict in Nigeria

Nigeria is now facing the complex issue of ethno-religious conflicts, which have significantly affected its socio-economic structure. This study investigates these conflicts' multifaceted and intricate impacts on Nigeria's pursuit of sustainable development. This research examines the historical context, economic disruptions, educational barriers, and political ramifications of ethno-religious contests. The examination explores prominent ethno-religious conflicts in Nigeria, including the Jos Crisis, the Boko Haram Insurgency, the Kaduna Religious Crisis, and the tensions in the Middle Belt region. The study highlights many reasons that contribute to the intensification of these conflicts, including religious extremism, economic inequality, and political marginalisation. In addition, the article examines the core principles of sustainable development and the consequences of ethno-religious conflicts on environmental sustainability, social advancement, governance, humanitarian crises, economic activities, population displacement, and infrastructure devastation. Utilising conflict resolution strategies, such as interfaith dialogue, inclusive policies, community engagement, security sector reform, good governance, economic diversification, and investment in education, is recommended to mitigate the negative impacts of ethnoreligious conflicts on attaining sustainable development. The report emphasises the need to address the root issues and implement proactive methods to create a sustainable and harmonious future in Nigeria.

Interreligious Dialogue For Conflict Prevention

Interreligious dialogue possesses external and internal critical functions. Such dialogue promotes a new resolution for a sustainable community as stable and dynamic interreligious understanding and its application are gained among the plural society. The objective of the study is to reveal whether the interreligious dialogue is a potential in managing conflict prevention. The research uses multi case single-site exploratory case study. Primary data was collected through observation as well as snowballing technique and in-depth interview conducted to village leaders and religious leaders in Punduh Pidada, District of Pesawaran in which the community is religiously diversed. They come from various religions; Islam, Christian and Catholic. Meanwhile secondary data was obtained through document analysis of various religious books, holy books and any documents related to the study. Data was qualitatively analysed by using the NVIVO 10 software. Contributions: Indonesia is a country with the most diverse number of ethnicities, race, languages, cultures and religions in the world, that diversity is wealth and assets for a nation, but if not properly maintained it will cause conflicts in society. Three ways to resolve conflict issues as described in this study can be used as examples and references by the government in overcoming and dealing with conflicts among society in Indonesia, especially conflicts related to religious issues.

Resolusi Konflik Keluarga Perspektif Teori Murray Bowen dan Jay Halley: Studi Kasus Masyarakat Sumatera Utara dengan adat “Dalian Na Tolu”

This study investigates the understanding of Islamic family law in urban communities in North Sumatra, focusing on the areas of Medan and its surroundings, Mandailing Natal, Padangsidimpuan, Sibolga, and Tarutung. A qualitative approach was used to gain an in-depth understanding of how factors such as education level, local culture, access to information, and religious influence affect this understanding. The results show variations in the understanding of Islamic family law in these areas, with a stronger understanding observed in Mandailing Natal, followed by Padangsidimpuan, Sibolga, and Tarutung. Factors such as active religious institutions and strong local cultures play a significant role in shaping people's understanding of Islamic family law. Case studies highlight several family conflict issues that often arise. The study also relates findings to the theories of Murray Bowen and Jay Halley, illustrating how the concept of "Dalian Na Tolu" in Batak Toba and Mandailing cultures can be an important instrument in resolving family conflicts. The implications and recommendations of this study emphasize the importance of education, access to information, the role of religious leaders, and government policies in improving understanding and resolving family conflicts based on Islamic law in urban communities in North Sumatra.

Exploring the Characteristics of Student Transformational Activities in Indonesia in Solving Cognitive Conflict-Based Problems

This research aimed to describe the characteristics of the transformational activities of Indonesian students in resolving problems based on cognitive conflict. The research employed a phenomenological approach with five students as subjects. The research instruments included tests and interview guidelines, and the analysis was conducted using the constant comparative method. Change-based activities are a good way to solve cognitive conflict issues, including full rule-based unexpected results, full rule-based matching problem parts, incomplete rule-based unexpected results, and incomplete rule-based matching problem parts. Exploring these characteristics serves as a foundation for instructors to enhance the quality of instructional design. Practically, a profound understanding of these characteristics can provide a solid foundation for educators to enhance their instructional design quality. By exploring and comprehending how students address cognitive conflict, instructors can design more effective learning experiences that align with the student's needs.

Domestic and foreign Marxist tradition of the Northern Ireland conflict origins definition (1969–1998)

The article examines the perspectives of Soviet and foreign Marxist researchers in relation to the underlying causes of the beginning and escalation of Northern Irish conflict (The Troubles). The significance of this research lies in comprehending the lesser-explored Marxist heritage within the contemporary study of historical events in Great Britain and Ireland. The scientific novelty lies in addressing the scarcity of historiographical works dedicated to this issue, the depth of analysis they provide, and the absence of comprehensive comparative experiences. The research aims to investigate specific processes in the intellectual history of the USSR and other countries during the latter half of the XX century, focusing on instances of interaction or lack thereof between various Marxist schools of thought and trends. This is achieved by utilizing the Marxist historiography of the Northern Ireland conflict as an illustrative case. To fulfill this objective, the study undertakes a comparison of extensive sets of historiographical sources and internal subgroups of approaches present within Eastern and Western scholarly traditions that explore aspects of the Northern Ireland conflict within the context of Marxism. The primary theoretical framework draws upon the works of foreign and Russian Marxist scholars devoted to the issue of intercommunal conflict in Northern Ireland. The key finding of the research highlights the existence of evident similarities, encompassing logical, substantive, and linguistic-rhetorical aspects, between the works of Western and Eastern Marxists, despite the lack of direct citations between them. The research postulates several hypotheses concerning the origins of this phenomenon, including the potential impact of distinct methodologies on researchers’ perceptions of social processes and historical events, irrespective of the array of available source material. Furthermore, the research does not negate the possibility of implicit interactions between proponents of the English-language and the Russian-language Marxist academic traditions.

대북전단등 살포행위에 대한 입법규제의 딜레마

On September 26, 2023, the Constitutional Court declared unconstitutional the provisions regulating the distribution of anti-North Korea leaflets under the Act on the Development of Inter-Korean Relations. As a result, the issue of the sharp conflict at home and abroad surrounding the distribution of anti-North Korea leaflets and its regulations, which has gradually worsened since the 2000s, appears to be coming to an end. The government also appears to be taking various follow-up measures in line with the above Court's decision to find it unconstitutional. Meanwhile, the opinions of the above Court judges were divided on whether the regulation on the distribution of anti-North Korea leaflets was a restriction on the content of expression or a restriction on the method of expression. Depending on how you interpret it, the degree of restrictions on freedom of expression may vary. In particular, the seven people's unconstitutionality opinion viewed the regulation of the distribution of anti-North Korea leaflets as a restriction on the content of expression and argued that strict standards should be applied to such restrictions. At the same time, even if the distribution of leaflets against North Korea is not regulated by criminal punishment, freedom of expression is protected through the application of Article 5, Paragraph 1 of the Act on the Performance of Duties by Police Officers or the introduction of a system similar to the reporting system under the Assembly and Demonstration Act. It was believed that there were less restrictive means available. In other words, it took the position that the provisions regulating the distribution of leaflets against North Korea violate the principle of minimal infringement. However, apart from the fact that the anti-North Korea leaflet regulations were declared unconstitutional, if leaflets continue to be distributed to North Korea in the future, tensions between North and South Korea will increase and safety issues for residents in the border area may continue to be raised. In addition, if a political or security environment is created in the future that actively supports regulation of the distribution of anti-North Korea leaflets, the removal of the matters presented by the above Court as reasons for its decision to be unconstitutional and then the possibility of attempting a new form of legislative regulation won’t be completely excluded. Therefore, a review of means that can less restrict freedom of expression suggested by the above Court's unconstitutionality opinion is required from a normative and realistic perspective. In this article, we examined the gist of the above Court’s decision and analyzed and evaluated the decision of the above Court, focusing on the normative and realistic limits of regulating acts such as the distribution of leaflets to North Korea - especially the application of Article 5, Paragraph 1 of the Act on the Performance of Duties by Police Officers or the introduction of a system similar to the reporting system under the Assembly and Demonstration Act - and then drew implications.

კანონიერი ნდობის პრინციპი კანონიერების პრინციპის პირისპირ

Two important institutes of administrative law will be discussed in this paper, namely, the principle of legal reliance and the principle of legality, their origin, their place in the General Administrative Code of Georgia, their relation to the constitutional principles and to other principles of public law. The issue of conflict between these two principles takes significant part in the paper. The aim of the paper is to analyse the grounds for the principles of legal reliance and legality, the established caselaw related to them and to reveal significant challenges often faced by an administrative body, in the case of conflict between the mentioned principles. Herewith, the paper will present those problematic issues, which are related to the coexistence of the mentioned institutes, also, the ways for their solution and recommendations. Keywords: the principle of legal reliance, the principle of legality, protection of reliance of interested party, revocation of act, collision of principles, proportionate and fair decision, conflict of public and private interests.

W obliczu konfliktu interesów. Nowelizacja Kodeksu Etyki Radców Prawnych

Facing a conflict of interest. Amendment to the Code of Ethics for Attorneys-at-law The subject of this publication is the issue of conflict of interest in the profession of an attorney-at-law. The work analyzes the conflict of interests in the face of changes made in the wording of the Code of Ethics for Attorneys-at-law and the Regulations on the Practice of the Profession. It is examined whether changes in the scope of compli-ance with the obligation to avoid conflicts of interest are revolutionary or orderly in nature, and attention is paid to the obligations of attorney-at-law resulting from the obligation to avoid conflicts of interest.

Legal status of neural: through the prism of judicial practice

The article analyzes the practical side of understanding neural networks in the legal aspect on the basis of case law of the USA, UK, Australia, EU and China and foreign legislation, in particular, the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988; the Digital Millennium Copyright Act; the Indian Copyright Act; the Irish Copyright and Related Rights Act; the New Zealand Copyright Act, with practical examples.
 The following main aspects of neural networks functioning are mentioned: copyright subjects; the place of the object generated by a neural network in the legal dimension; neural network training materials, ways of obtaining them, and conflict issues.
 The current case law on neural networks and objects generated by them is divided into the following thematic groups: disputes concerning the determination of the copyright holder, establishment of legal personality and aimed at confirming the universal rule regarding an individual as an author; cases focusing on the possibility of copyright protection of specific objects generated by a particular neural network; disputes concerning the formation of a legal dimension for neural network training materials.
 Modeled groups of situations that may be reflected in different circumstances of the functioning of a neural network and artificial intelligence. The author emphasizes the legally significant component of a neural network. Attention is drawn to the doctrine of fair use and the concept of «temporary acts of reproduction», together with their sources and main features. Potentially negative consequences of copyright infringement by neural networks are also outlined.
 As conclusions, identified gaps in the legal regulation of neural networks and objects generated by them, which is reflected, in particular, in the lack of practical significance of a number of legal norms and doctrines in the context of dispute resolution and the existence of contradictions in the ideas regarding the criteria of originality and important nuances in cases of establishing or denying copyright infringement within the process of training neural networks on specific materials. The author emphasizes the need for further research in the field of law and technology.

Classification of Sciences in Ottoman Encyclopedias in the 16th century

This paper draws attention to different concepts of the classification of sciences and their relationships based on the most famous Ottoman encyclopedic works from the 16th century, and points to the connection of the concept of classification of sciences with the preference of particular sciences and scientific disciplines in education with the development of intellectual thought and circles within the Empire. The works Miftāḥ alsaʿāda wa miṣbāḥ al-sayyāda fī mawḍūʿāt al-ʿulūm by Taškoprī-zāde, in Arabic, and Netāʼicü l-fünūn ve meḥāsinü l-mutūn by Malkarali Nevʻī, in Turkish, are among the most famous encyclopedic works in the Ottoman literary tradition in the 16th century that deal with the classification of sciences. To provide a more complete analysis of the issue of conflict and/or addition of the concept of classification of knowledge and sciences among the Ottomans in the 16th century, we attempted to highlight the cultural and social context of the creation of the aforementioned works, as well as to explain in detail the connection between the concept and the content of works dealing with the classification of sciences.

Transitioning into a Green World: The Dark Side of Cobalt Mining

In a gradual shift towards achieving cleaner and environmentally friendly energy sources, the electric vehicle industry has recorded tremendous growth over the last decade across Europe and America. Cobalt is a vital element used in the manufacture of certain technologies and it is now in high demand to produce lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles and smartphones. The democratic republic of Congo has the largest known deposit of lithium copper with an estimated 130.000 metric tons being mined yearly. This study aims to highlight the downsides of the massive environmentally unfriendly processes of cobalt mining to foster the dream of having a non-fossil fuel-dependent world. In as much as the perceived benefits seem to be great, it is vital to consider the environmental damages caused because of the excessive mining of cobalt. Much emphasis is being placed on the democratic republic of Congo in this research as there are unaddressed issues of conflicts, war, and child labour all associated with the extraction of cobalt in the region. This study proposes some policy recommendations for a solution-oriented approach for both the government of the democratic republic of Congo and the international community in managing the associated conflict within the region as well as adhering to the sustainability development goals.