Group Conflict Research Articles

Descriptive Representation under Group Conflict Scenarios

Jane Mansbridge (1999) challenges critics of descriptive representation, writing that it leads to improvements in substantive representation. Theorists, however, continue to debate the degree to which groups can be represented by single individuals in government as gains in descriptive representation fail to be transformative. The effects of descriptive representation are more complex than they are often presented as new descriptive representatives do not always win acceptance. Even as there are substantive policy gains through descriptive representation, there are also setbacks for groups through the mobilization of opposition groups. There is also pressure on descriptive representatives to moderate their positions and be less vocal. Given the dominant position of privileged groups and their conservative ideologies that defend inequality, substantive gains from descriptive representation are less than implied by descriptive representation advocates.

Changes in group counseling engagement and conflict and growth in emotional cultivation for children and adolescents.

Group climate is an important factor in group counseling and psychotherapy process and outcome research. The current investigation examined group climate changes (from early to late sessions) at the within-group (i.e., group members) and between-group (i.e., group-as-a-whole) levels in predicting changes in group members' emotional cultivation in group counseling. A total of 236 Taiwanese children and adolescents across 41 groups participated in this study. Members' ratings of group climate (i.e., engagement and conflict) were partitioned into within-group and between-group components, and polynomial regression with response surface analysis was used to examine the association between changes in group engagement and conflict (at the member- and group-level) from early to late group sessions on changes in emotional cultivation. Results supported the theoretical hypothesis that when a group-as-a-whole reported increasing engagement from early to late group sessions, relative to other groups (i.e., between-group effect), members of that group experienced greater growth in emotional cultivation. Results also indicated that group members reported greater growth in emotional cultivation when there was consistent and high engagement or consistent and low conflict from early to late group sessions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Exploring the Major Predictors Affecting Academic Helplessness of High School Students: Application of Random Forest and SHAP

본 연구는 고등학생의 학업무기력(능동수행 결여, 학습동기 결여, 긍정정서 결여, 능동수행 결여) 관련 주요 예측변인을 탐색하기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 한국아동·청소년패널조사 2018(Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey 2018; KCYPS 2018)의 중1패널 4차년도(고등학교 1학년) 자료에 랜덤포레스트를 적용하였고, 주요 예측변인의 중요도와 학업무기력의 관계를 파악하기 위해 SHAP 분석을 실시하였다. 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 학업무기력 하위요인에 공통적으로 도출된 주요 예측변인으로, ‘학습시간-학원 및 과외 시간’, ‘학업열의-헌신’, ‘진로호기심’, ‘진로관심’, ‘자아존중감’, ‘협동심-집단촉진·갈등문제해결’, ‘교사관계-신뢰성’이 학업무기력 변화와 부적인 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, ‘우울’, ‘스마트폰 의존도’, ‘친구관계-부정적 관계’는 학업무기력 변화와 정적인 관계가 있는 상위 변인으로 도출되었다. 둘째, 학업무기력 하위요인에 따라 특징적으로 나타난 변인을 살펴보면, ‘부모양육태도-거부’와 ‘부모양육태도-강요’는 통제신념 결여에서만 도출되었으며, 정적인 관계를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 학습동기 결여의 경우, ‘여가시간-스마트폰을 가지고 노는 시간’과 ‘학업열의-활기’가 주요 변인인 것으로 나타났으며, ‘여가시간-스마트폰을 가지고 노는 시간’은 학습동기 결여와 정적인 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났고 ‘학업열의-활기’는 부적인 관계성을 보이는 것으로 확인되었다. 긍정정서 결여에서는 ‘신체증상’과 ‘학교생활 만족도’, ‘교사관계-민감성’이 상위 변인에 포함되었으며, 모두 긍정정서 결여와 부적인 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 능동수행 결여의 경우 ‘전 교과 성취도의 주관적 평가’와 ‘그릿-노력지속’이 주요 변인인 것으로 확인되었고, 부적인 관계를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 연구결과를 바탕으로 고등학생의 학업무기력를 감소를 위한 방안과 후속연구를 위한 제언을 제시하였다.This study was designed to explore major predictors related to four sub-factors of academic helplessness in high school students: lack of locus of control, lack of learning motivation, lack of positive emotions, and lack of active performance. To do this, random forest was applied to 4th wave data (10th graders) of the Korea Children and Youth Panel Survey 2018 (KCYPS 2018), and Shapley addictive explanations (SHAP) analysis was conducted to explore the importance of major predictors and the relationship between academic helplessness and the predictors. The main results are as follows. First, the predictors commonly derived from the sub-factors of academic helplessness were “learning time−academy and tutoring time”, “academic engagement−dedication”, “career curiosity”, “career interest”, “self-esteem”, “cooperation−group promotion and conflict resolution” and “teacher relationship and reliability” which had a negative relationship with academic helplessness. However, “depression”, “smartphone dependence”, and “friend relationship−negative relationship” were derived as top variables that had a positive relationship with academic helplessness. Second, “parenting attitude−rejection” and “parenting attitude−force” were derived only from lack of locus of control. “leisure time−playing with smartphones” and “academic engagement−energy” were derived only from lack of learning motivation. In the case of lack of positive emotions, “physical symptoms”, “school satisfaction” and “teacher relationship−sensitivity” were included in the top variables, and “subjective evaluation of all subject achievement” and “grit−continuation of effort” were the main variables that were derived only from lack of active performance. Based on these findings, implications for reducing academic helplessness and suggestions for future research are discussed.

Using Dramatization Method to Teach Domestic Violence in Social Studies Classroom: Implications for Peace Curriculum in Nigerian Secondary Schools

Globally, domestic violence is a significant problem and one of the most pervasive human rights challenges especially for the most part of African societies whose issues relating to partners violence is largely treated as hidden phenomenon. Domestic violence remains a hidden and persistent problem because of the power and control held by the abuser, the fear, intimidation and humiliation suffered by the victim of the crime. This study was carried out in secondary schools in Nigeria to investigate domestic violence on family relationships among couples in Ekiti state. Three research questions were raised to guide the study and three hypotheses were also formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted the survey method of descriptive research design. Population is comprised of all JSS III students in social studies classes in Ekiti state. The sample of three [3] schools with one hundred and fifty (150) students were used. The schools were in three local government areas in Ekiti state. The students were taught domestic violence using demonstration method in one school and in another, using Discussion Method in another, using lecture method in the third school after which the students were served with the questionnaire designed by the researcher. Face and content validity of the instrumentation was done by the researcher together with colleagues in counseling psychology. Corrections were made. The reliability of the instrument was carried out on 30 students using the test retest method with a coefficient correlation of 0.81 obtained which implies the instrument was reliable for the study. To combat frequent domestic violence in families, the students in their formative years as recommended that peace and non-violent curriculum that will integrate the study of domestic violence, inter group conflict and development of critical thinking as well as problem solving be adopted in schools in Nigeria, since domestic violence has done more harm to couples and their relationships, this paper suggest peace curriculum in all schools for the sake of the children who will grow up to become responsible husband and wives in the future.

Insurgency and national security: a perspective from Cameroon’s separatist conflict

This study examines the nature and factors associated with the onset of the conflict in Cameroon’s North West and South West regions to contribute to conceptual, theoretical and methodological debates in war/conflict studies. It used an explorative approach, examining the immediate political tensions prior to hostilities and major government policy areas. It shows that teachers’ and lawyers’ protests (beginning in 2016) and strategic miscalculations by the government and rebels are the immediate factors associated with the onset of the conflict. The underlying factors include greed, colonial heritage, a history of insurgencies, an internal geography conducive to group conflict and guerrilla warfare, poor macroeconomic performance, the ability to finance authoritarianism without relying on taxes, political decay, slow political development, a turbulent regional neighbourhood and unfavourable international relations. The results enable four main contributions to longstanding debates in war/conflict studies. First, an insurgency is a distinct type of war. Second, insurgencies occur due to several immediate and underlying factors unique to each case. Third, studying insurgencies requires a holistic approach, examining immediate and underlying factors. Finally, although rebel victory is impossible in an insurgency, multiple and widespread insurgencies can nullify the essence of a state, making insurgencies important national security threats.

The Dark Side of Members’ Heterogeneity Within Online Brand Communities and Global Virtual Teams: An Extension to Schwartz’s Value Theory

The present article positions culture at the center of analysis investigating schadenfreude within online brand communities and global virtual teams. Through this article, the authors explore the underlying causes and consequences of motivational values dimensions based on the typology developed by Shalom Schwartz in 1992 and 2012, respectively. We extend the Schwartz Value Theory by exploring the triggers of schadenfreude among online brand communities and global virtual teams. Accordingly, the proposed conceptual framework identifies Openness to Change and Self Enhancement as leading values governing human behavior in communities, teams and societies. Findings from this article may be applied as a roadmap by organizations or brands hoping to identify the root causes of heterogeneous group conflicts and schadenfreude directed within online brand communities and global virtual teams.

Cumulative Lifetime Violence, Gender, Social Determinants of Health and Mental Health in Canadian Men: A Latent Class Analysis.

Among men, violence is pervasive and associated with poor mental health, but little is known about which men are most vulnerable. Our purpose is to address this gap by exploring mental health and social determinants of health (SDOH) including gender role conflict (GRC) in heterogenous groups of men with distinct patterns of cumulative lifetime violence (CLV) as target and perpetrator. Latent class analysis was conducted using means of 64 indicators of CLV severity collected from a community sample of 685 eastern Canadian men, ages 19 to 65 years. Class differences by SDOH, and depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were explored with Chi-square and analysis of variance. A 4-class solution was optimal. Class 1 had the lowest CLV severity; were more likely to be better educated, employed, and have little difficulty living on their incomes; and had better mental health than other classes. Class 2, characterized by moderate psychological violence as both target and perpetrator, had mean depression and PTSD scores at clinical levels, and more difficulty living on income than Class 1. Classes 3 and 4 were typified by high severity CLV as target but differentiated by Class 4 having the highest perpetration severity, higher GRC, and being older. In both classes, mean mental health scores were above cut-offs for clinical symptomology and higher than Classes 1 and 2. This is the first evidence that distinct patterns of CLV severity among men intersect with GRC and SDOH and are uniquely associated with mental health.

A performative and dialogic approach to teach group roles, group conflict, and conflict management styles

Undergraduate courses on small-group communication often cover group roles, group conflict, and conflict management styles. Although these concepts are valuable to learn, merely memorizing them does not address the practical skills students need to employ conflict management strategies when situated in group conflict. This activity provides a dialogic and performative approach to teach small-group roles, small-group conflict, and conflict management styles. Through a dialogic role-play, this activity asks students to create and to perform scenarios depicting small-group conflict where other students in the audience step into the scene to perform new strategies to resolve the conflict. Courses Small-Group Communication, Organizational Communication, Business and Professional Communication, and Conflict Management and Mediation. This activity is designed for courses that meet in-person for 50 minutes three times per week and have an enrollment of no more than 25 students. The activity may be adapted for courses with larger enrollments that meet in-person for 75 minutes twice per week, but three class periods will still be needed to complete the activity. Additionally, the activity can be adapted for a hybrid modality. However, the conflict scenarios should be in-person. Objectives This unit activity helps students to (1) understand the roles people perform in small groups, types of group conflict, and conflict management styles through reflecting, writing, discussing, staging, and performing those concepts for the class; (2) apply concepts of small-group roles, types of group conflict, and conflict management styles through scripting, staging, and performing those concepts for the class; (3) analyze and evaluate concepts of small groups, types of group conflict, and conflict management styles through reflecting and discussing those concepts in class; and (4) create a performance to embody concepts of small-group roles, types of group conflict, and conflict management styles.

The Rise of Zhou and Qin Dynasties and the Change of the Position of the Qian Diagram in the Eight Diagrams

Compared Wen Wang eight diagrams with Fuxi eight diagrams, the position of the Qian (heaven) hexagrams shifted from due south to northwest, which was closely related to the early geographical environment and climate change in the eastern part of the Eurasian continent. In the pre-Qin period, the migration and conflict of ethnic groups were mostly caused from the northwest region. The western Zhou dynasty and the Qin empire both rose from the northwest region of China and became the decisive force influencing the historical process of China. People summarize the history and refine historical events into eight diagrams. The thought of “heaven’s way in the northwest” is the main reason for the change of the position of the hexagrams.

Comparative Politics, Political Settlements, and the Political Economy of Health Financing Reform Comment on "Health Coverage and Financial Protection in Uganda: A Political Economy Perspective".

Nannini et al analyze barriers to national health insurance reforms in Uganda using a political economy approach primarily rooted in stakeholder analysis. This approach is valuable, not only for its clear description of the interest-based politics at play, but also for its extension of stakeholder analysis to include consideration of the role of ideas and institutions in the policy process. However this analysis, and others like it, could be further strengthened by adding insights from two different sources. The first is the comparative politics literature on the Ugandan regime. The second is a related approach which analyzes public service delivery in the context of a country's underlying "political settlement." Stakeholder-based approaches to health financing reform emphasize interest group conflict about the contents of policy reforms. By contrast, these complementary approaches imply distinct barriers to successful implementation of national health insurance in Uganda, rooted in the regime's de-industrialization and the personalization of politics and resource allocation. They also suggest possible leverage points or avenues for progress which differ from those suggested by stakeholder analysis.

Konflik Sosial dalam Novel Segala Yang Diisap Langit Karya Pinto Anugrah

This study aims to classify: (1) the forms of social conflict in Pinto Anugrah's novel Everything is Smoked by the Sky, (2) the causes of social conflict in Pinto Anugrah's novel Everything is Smoked by the Sky, (3) the impact of social conflict in the novel Everything The Sky Suckes by Pinto Anugrah. The object of this research is the novel Everything Sucked by the Sky by Pinto Anugrah which will be published in 2021. This research uses a descriptive method. In collecting the data used in this study in the form of words, phrases, clauses and sentences that show the forms, causes, and impacts of social conflict in Pinto Anugrah's novel 'Everything That Is Smoked by the Sky'. The research instrument was the author himself using the help of another instrument in the form of a recording sheet. The data collection techniques used were reading and understanding the novel, conducting literature studies, determining the main character, and searching for and recording data related to the research problems contained in the novel. Data validation technique is using triangulation technique. The data analysis technique used is identifying and classifying data. Then interpret the data, and conclude the data analysis. The results of the study state (1) the forms of social conflict in Pinto Anugrah's novel Everything is Smoked by the Sky are personal conflicts, group conflicts, and conflicts within society. (2) the causes of social conflict in Pinto Anugrah's novel Everything is Sucked by the Sky are caused by differences between individuals or individuals, differences in social class, as well as differences in interests, and social change. (3) the impact of social conflict in Pinto Anugrah's novel 'Everything That Is Smoked by the Sky' includes the destruction of group unity, personality changes, and the destruction of social values and norms.

Research on expert group decision-making and conflict resolution in complex engineering consulting process

Expert group decision-making in the process of engineering consulting is an important part of the smooth development of engineering projects. Whether the conceptual design scheme of the project is reasonable or not will directly affect the construction quality of the project. After the preliminary selection of a river ecological governance project, four conceptual design schemes were obtained. The owner invited 20 experts in relevant fields to make decisions on the four schemes collected in the early stage. The experts gave preference information for each scheme after reading the relevant materials of the project and clarifying the actual needs of the project. Based on this background, this paper uses a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods to construct a model for group decision-making and conflict resolution in the engineering consulting process. We use the preference relationship to reflect the degree of experts’ preference for the scheme, cluster them through similarity calculation, calculate the conflict degree of group preference and personal preference respectively, and comprehensively use the sequence difference method and personal preference correction method to resolve the conflict, so that their opinions can be quickly agreed within the specified time. The results calculated by model are consistent with the actual situation of the project, which verifies the effectiveness of the model proposed in this paper and can provide a reference for similar project decision-making and conflict resolution process.

Three-way group conflict analysis based on q-rung orthopair fuzzy set theory

Three-way group conflict analysis based on q-rung orthopair fuzzy set theory

Kako razmrsiti "Kosovski čvor"? Integrativni pristup srpsko-albanskom sukobu

This paper presents Mnookin's conceptual framework for identifying and overcoming obstacles to the efficient and fair resolution of individual and group conflicts and disputes. This is followed by review of the basic elements of the negotiations between the Republic of Serbia and the self-proclaimed Republic of Kosovo, a summary of the results of those negotiations, as well as the views of the Serbian public opinion on the declaration of independence of the so-called Kosovo and the Kosovo issue in general. After that, the paper presents the basic elements of two well-known theories of intergroup conflict in order to shed light on the nature of conflict between the two ethnic groups (Serbs and Albanians). Finally, the previous negotiations of the two parties are placed in the presented conceptual framework of negotiations in order to identify the key points of contention in the previous negotiations of Serbia and the so-called Kosovo and offer potential solutions for overcoming them based on the presented theoretical model of negotiation in the presence of a third party (mediator). The key finding is that the negotiations can be concluded with a fair agreement, but only if the real (material) interests of the two parties are respected, primarily the emotional ones, that is, those arising from the nature of the conflict between the social identities of the two ethnic groups.

Group Conflict, Racial Inequality, and Stratification

Group Conflict, Racial Inequality, and Stratification

Interreligious Violent Conflict Resolution: Discoursing Communal Violence between Christians and Moslems in Poso City, Indonesia

After the reformation occurred in 1998, the political situation in Indonesia became unstable. Military forces had been concentrated in the central government to maintain stability. Thus, the situation in Indonesia became vulnerable and easy to be provoked. During that period, various conflicts happened and escalated, such as ethnic and interreligious group conflicts. One of those conflicts occurred in Poso, considered one of the most violent conflicts in Indonesia after the reformation. It was an interreligious conflict between the Christian and Muslim groups in Poso, a city in Central Sulawesi. In this city, the interreligious conflict between these two groups took place a few times through some phases, involving both militant and violent groups. The conflict was eventually settled through the dialogue between two conflicting groups, each led by respected religious local figures. The government mediated the dialogue through one of the public officials who was respected in the country. In the last stage of Poso conflict resolution, Malino Declaration was set to end the conflict, and the military was sent to the city to keep the peace process, and the conflict perpetrators were sent to trial.

Effect of group status and conflict on national identity: Evidence from the Brexit referendum in Northern Ireland

National identity remains one of the most potent forces in global politics, yet surprisingly little is known about processes of national identity formation and change. This article argues that national identity preferences are susceptible to fluctuations in group status and distance but constrained by conflict experience and socialization. Integrating research on conflict socialization with social identity theory, we hypothesize that growing up during violent intergroup conflict socializes individuals into identities and attitudes which are durable to significant changes. Conversely, the identity preferences of those who grow up during relative peace are more malleable and likely to change due to significant events which affect perception of group identities. Exploiting the unique political context in Northern Ireland, where individuals can legally choose to identify as Irish, British, or both, we use a diff-in-diff approach to estimate national identity preferences of individuals before and after the EU referendum. The results show that 20% of Protestants who did not experience conflict shifted from British towards Irish identity after the referendum. However, for those who experienced violent intergroup conflict, there is a ‘durable distance’ between groups which constrains identity change irrespective of fluctuations in status. The results have important implications for our understanding of national identity, particularly in post-conflict societies.

Conflict management problems in project teams

The article discusses ways to manage conflicts in organizations and work groups of projects. Conflict management is included as an integral part of one of the general functions of management - according to different opinions, either in the function of administration or coordination. However, in any case, the importance of resolving conflicts in order to achieve the goals of the project is undeniable. All approaches to defining a style and a set of specific actions for managing conflicts are on the scale of preferences, from caring for people to caring about solving a given problem. There are five main approaches: cooperation, competition, evasion, accommodation (unilateral concession) and compromise (mutual concession). Based on the specifics of business and management practices, it is argued that some of these styles are more typical for different countries and others less typical. However, Russia is assessed as a civilization without a pronounced domination of collectivism or individualism, which testifies in favor of the acceptability of all styles, depending on the specific situation. Some characteristics of situations in which certain methods of conflict management in the project working group are more or less acceptable than others are considered. It is concluded that in order to improve the efficiency of the project team, an accurate and realistic assessment of its team, leader and the current situation is important.

Reprint of: The psychological experience of intragroup conflict

Despite the centrality of differences as a driver of conflict, most of the empirical research on group conflict has focused on the group as a whole, paying little attention to the differing experiences of individuals during conflict—that is, the ways individuals perceive, make sense of, and emotionally experience a conflict episode. Although people process information about a conflict using the same general cognitive and emotional mechanisms, their personal characteristics (e.g., personality, cultural background), beliefs and motives (e.g., orientation toward conflict), and past experiences will influence how they make sense of what is occurring and their subsequent conflict behavior. Building on recent work that has taken a multi-level approach to understanding team conflict and drawing from related literature in social, cognitive, and personality psychology, we explicate an individual’s psychological experience of a conflict episode as a process by which individuals make sense of and emotionally experience what is happening, develop attitudes towards others in the group, and exchange and integrate knowledge about the conflict and others involved. We argue that a more nuanced understanding of the intraindividual experience of conflict generates important insight into understanding individual conflict behavior, helping us predict how people will behave in conflict situations and how conflict episodes will unfold. We conclude with implications for how to intervene to promote cooperative behavior and positive team outcomes, along with an agenda for future research.

The influence of cultural intelligence and emotional intelligence on conflict occurrence and performance in global virtual teams

The role of different types of intelligence in the occurrence of conflict in global virtual teams (GVTs) has largely been overlooked in the literature. As suggested by the theory of multiple intelligences, this study explores how cultural intelligence (CQ) and emotional intelligence (EQ) influence the occurrence of interpersonal, task and process conflicts in GVTs. Furthermore, by drawing on the contingency theory of task conflict and performance in groups and organisational teams, we examine the impact of these different types of conflict on the performance of GVTs. Utilising multilevel analysis, we tested the research model using a sample of 810 graduate and undergraduate business students from 38 different countries who worked in 232 GVTs. The results show that the CQ and EQ of the team members reduce the occurrence of the three different intragroup conflicts in GVTs. We also demonstrate that process conflict negatively affects GVT performance. We discuss the implications for research and practice.