Discussion Of Conflict Research Articles

МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ ТА СВІТОГЛЯДНІ ЗАСАДИ РЕФЛЕКСІЇ НАД КОНФЛІКТОГЕННІСТЮ СУЧАСНОГО УКРАЇНСЬКОГО СОЦІУМУ

The article is devoted to the social philosophical comprehension of problem of sharpening conflicts in modern Ukrainian social live, exposure of world view and methodological principles of research of these processes, their origin, decision and decline of level of conflict opposition in society on the basis forming of civil culture and tolerance. Historical and philosophical digression in the process of research and explications of maintenance of conflict shows, that by terms «discord», agonic, «line», and sometimes «war» characterize a fight for principles of opposite social positions. Scientific discourse of conflict evolved from understanding of this phenomenon of fight on almost space scale to the theory of conflict as positively functional the social-group phenomenon. The classic theories of elites, which grew on soil of sociology of society, marked opposition of the states of stability and conflict, while the synthetic meta theory of conflict, which we consider methodological basis of our analysis, goes out from a reconstruction the conflicts of necessary dynamics of the transitional states: war – truce – conflict. Such approach allows adequately estimating prolongations of high level of conflict the different spheres of Ukrainian sociality. It especially touches the conflict of different socio-political and civil cultures of East to the West of country, conflicts of the not «guided emotions» and conflicts of social institutes: the states with the structures of active civil society. Finding of general interest in relation to a maintenance and steady development of the Ukrainian state, increase of level of civil culture of peaceful cohabitation of different ethnic and national associations and their cultures, tolerant attitude toward the moments of distinction and non-coincidence of the valued orientations is the most reliable way of keeping the internal peace in the conditions of stuck us «hybrid» war.

“Corpus Christi, Corpus Delicti”: A New Narrative Contract: Władysław Pasikowski’s “Aftermath” (2012) and the Invalidation of the Category of the Polish Witness to the Holocaust

Władysław Pasikowski’s 2012 feature film Aftermath recapitulates and works through the existing resources in documentary cinema that deals with the Polish context of the Holocaust (Claude Lanzmann, Paweł Łoziński, Marian Marzyński, Agnieszka Arnold). It is also founded on the knowledge amassed in the wake of the countrywide debate about the 1941 Jedwabne massacre (2000–1). As such, it rejects the majority narrative of the Holocaust, one told under the banners of the Righteous Among the Nations (the paradigm of innocence), the Polish witness to the Holocaust (triggering an unjustified identification of the Jaspersian paradigm of unimputable, metaphysical guilt with unwarranted guilt), and the alleged collective Polish trauma of the Holocaust. Aftermath is analyzed as a treatise on antisemitism which problematizes and narrativizes phantasms that are central to this socio-cultural pathology, visualizing the mechanism whereby the phantasm of the Jew is constructed and imposed on actual individuals. It also touches upon the Christian roots and identitarian dimension of antisemitism, alongside its central figure: the Crucifixion. Antisemitism is a matter of religion as a doctrine but also religion as an institution. By displaying a plexus of discourses and practices, attitudes and behaviors, Pasikowski defends the great quantifier as a legitimate category to describe the Polish context of the Holocaust. He debunks the essential differentiation between pre-modern and modern antisemitism (including notions about the secondary nature of Polish antisemitism in relation to the German Nazi exterminatory projects targeted at the Jews). The film convincingly portrays antisemitism as dominating the experience and its representation to such an extent that antisemitic culture loses the ability to reflect on the human condition. Where a non-antisemite sees the irreducible strangeness that is inherent to individual existence, the antisemite sees a Jew, etc. The long duration of violence and exclusion has turned the phantasmic and alternative reality of antisemitism into reality tout court, as it produces a materiality of its own, up to and including the materiality of the atrocity (stolen property, looted corpses, etc.). The text offers an extensive discussion of the essential conflict between Aftermath and the system of Polish culture. The aesthetic is political. The juxtaposition of two genre films (the thriller and the Western) and a plebeian protagonist with a domain that is perceived as proper to the intelligentsia provoked widespread shock and rejection. Accusations of kitsch, exaggeration, improbability, and a colonial gaze enabled critics to sidestep, if not invalidate, the director’s argument. A study of the reception of Aftermath is a study of class distinction in action. Pasikowski’s film portrays antisemitism as a problem of an antisemitic culture and an antisemitic society. This entails a radical invalidation of the notion of antisemitism as an inter-group conflict, thus exposing the fiction and falsehood of such constructs as “dialogue” and “reconciliation.” Despite its pessimistic diagnosis, Aftermath raises the possibility of change and the emancipatory potential of self-empowerment. By considering the cultural and social implications of our knowledge about antisemitism and the Polish context of the Holocaust, the film reveala systemic challenge posed by the imperative to revise culture and reject its toxic models. From this perspective, a new narrative becomes possible as a critique of narratives.

A Discussion of Conflicts of Interest in Plastic Surgery and Possible Remedies

A Discussion of Conflicts of Interest in Plastic Surgery and Possible Remedies

Speech Act of Threat in Everyday Conflict Discourse: Production and Perception

Abstract The article explores pragmasemantic aspects of the speech act of threat (SAT) in everyday conflict discourse, using examples from Russian colloquial speech. The authors analyze the impact of direct and indirect threats on the addressee from the point of view of the theory of speech acts, biopsychology, and physiology, which makes it possible to understand the nature of SATs and identify the key communicative and semantic factors of this type of speech acts.

Intimacy matters

AbstractThis chapter analyzes conflict discourse between domestic partners/couples. The interactions, recorded in Rosario, Uruguay, were part of a larger study on the refusal behavior of Uruguayan women in various spheres of life (domains). From this corpus, 41 refusal sequences were extracted in which a female participant rejected or refused her male partner in some respect (e.g. request, offer, suggestion). Refusal sequences found in couples talk positively correlated with aggravating moves and the use of upgraders, and negatively with mitigating moves and the use of downgraders. These results are discussed in terms ofWolfson’s (1988)Bulge theory of social distance.

Conflict in corpora

AbstractThe analysis of conflict in family discourse has often been characterised by ethnographic approaches and/or fine-grained analysis of unique conflict episodes. This article, by contrast, uses a c.175,000-word spoken corpus of Irish family discourse, in conjunction with a corpus pragmatic approach, to explore specific linguistic aspects of conflict discourse. Conflict episodes are identified and analysed in the corpus using a range of linguistic “hooks” (Rühlemann 2010) that have been previously associated with prefacing disagreement such as the markerwell, mitigators (I think, I mean, I guess) or the counterargument strategyyes but. The analysis reveals that the family members most frequently use theyeah butstrategy in conflict episodes which facilitates immediate disagreement. This strategy is often accompanied by a range of mitigators, predominantly in turn final position, some of which have not been previously identified as indexing conflict sequences.

Temporality in social movement theory: vectors and events in the neoliberal timescape

ABSTRACT Existing theories of social movements have a weak conception of temporality, which is generally tied to truncated protest waves or else to micro-scale sequences of interaction. Neither approach enables an understanding of continuity and change in the content and form of social movements over longer periods. This article develops a new conceptual terminology intended to bring temporal sensitivity to our understanding of the interplay between movements and their socio-political environments. Vectors highlight evolving patterns of interaction that carry ideas and action orientations into a range of social settings over a period of decades. Examining the interplay of different vectors, and accounting also for the unfolding character of historic events, enables the apprehension of an overarching timescape within which movements move. This theoretical approach is illustrated with an examination of three significant periods of transnational contention associated with the Alter-Globalization, Anti-War, and Occupy movements. Analysis of vectors that shape discourses of conflict, organizational preferences, and practices of individual autonomy explain dynamics of continuity and change across different movements, each of which is shaped by a dynamic neoliberal timescape. Abbreviation CBDM: Consensus-based Decision Making; ICT: Information and Communication Technology; IFI: International Financial Institution; IMF: International Monetary Fund; WTO: World Trade Organisation

Konflikt rosyjsko-ukraiński: wojna znaczeń

Russian-Ukrainian conflict as the war of meaningsModern informational war is carried out in the transformed hybrid formats. The conflict which is related to the military aggression of Russia against Ukraine demonstrates the transformation of traditional methods of information attacks and propaganda effects in hybrid war. It combines all phases of the conflict — from latent forms to open armed confrontation. Information component of the conflict is appropriated to determine as a semantic war by the theory of George Pocheptsov. The main factors of the Russian-Ukrainian war meanings based of the material of modern media discourse are analyzed at the report. Specifically, that are the confrontation of values and interpretations; figurative, symbolic and emotional components of the conflict discourse naming a semantic eff ective weapon of war; narratives role in changes in behavioral patterns, framing, transformation promotional schemes. The hybrid nature of modern informational war consists into removing the actual relevance of the traditional distinction of journalism and propaganda, in a mimicry process of manipulation and propaganda by the “discourse of truth” and in the attempt to destroy the distinction between truth and false at all phenomenon of fakes. The analysis results show high level of conflict mythologizing in media discourse and this defines a leading semantic of modern war of meanings. Mythological technology of simulacrum, the use of bricolage, collective binary and ritualized patterns of perception, fanatical blind faith are treated as the main instrument of the war of meanings.

Wstrząsająca treść jako manipulacyjny element dyskursu konfliktu

Shock content as a manipulative component of conflict discourseDifficult socio-political situation in Ukraine creates specific media discourse, which in turn gives rise to a number of phenomena, connected to information war categories, war of meanings, hate speech etc. Active entry of military issues into web news content affects traditional approach to the media-text drafting. The report examines the trends of shock visual content and its announcement in the web headlines. The influence of the content emotionalization, which is one of the common features for conflict discourse, not only on text style, but also on features of page making, selection and use of photo illustrations, headline creation, is studied. The material covering military developments usually involve deaths, injuries, loss, destruction of settlements as a result of hostilities, that is, they focus on information on suffering of both military and civilians. This results in stronger integration of shock visual content into the news, which in turn may be used as manipulation and propaganda tool. On the one hand it is used to demonstrate crimes of the enemy, on the other — as an evidence of Ukrainian military success. From the point of view of ethic and humanism the justification of such tactic is doubtful in both cases. However, the study shows that open image of death, blood, injuries in the materials and the announcement of such content in headlines are the cause of high popularity of such publications, and this mainstreams the problem of dehumanizing impact both on material’s subjects and on media audience.

Psychiatric genetics researchers' views on offering return of results to individual participants.

In the middle of growing consensus that genomics researchers should offer to return clinically valid, medically relevant, and medically actionable findings identified in the course of research, psychiatric genetics researchers face new challenges. As they uncover the genetic architecture of psychiatric disorders through genome-wide association studies and integrate whole genome and whole exome sequencing to their research, there is a pressing need for examining these researchers' views regarding the return of results (RoR) and the unique challenges for offering RoR from psychiatric genetics research. Based on qualitative interviews with 39 psychiatric genetics researchers from different countries operating at the forefront of their field, we provide an insider's view of researchers' practices regarding RoR and the most contentious issues in psychiatry researchers' decision-making around RoR, including what are the strongest ethical, scientific, and practical arguments for and against offering RoR from this research. Notably, findings suggest that psychiatric genetics researchers (85%) overwhelmingly favor offering RoR of at least some findings, but only 22% of researchers are returning results. Researchers identified a number of scientific and practical concerns about RoR, and about how to return results in a responsible way to patients diagnosed with a severe psychiatric disorder. Furthermore, findings help highlight areas for further discussion and resolution of conflicts in the practice of RoR in psychiatric genetics research. As the pace of discovery in psychiatric genetics continues to surge, resolution of these uncertainties gains greater urgency to avoid ethical pitfalls and to maximize the positive impact of RoR.

A Direct Observational Measure of Family Functioning for a Low-Resource Setting: Adaptation and Feasibility in a Kenyan Sample

Family interactions are recognized as highly influential for youth development of psychopathology. Key challenges for assessing family functioning include cross-cultural variability in functioning and self-report measurement challenges. Observational measures—adapted to cultural context—provide an approach to addressing challenges. This study aimed to adapt a direct observational tool for assessing family interaction patterns in Kenya, to outline a replicable adaptation process, and to explore tool feasibility and acceptability. We reviewed existing tools to assess their adaptability based on compatibility with context-specific data. After initial modifications, the measure was iteratively adapted through pilot testing and collaborative discussions between U.S. and Kenyan collaborators that drove changes and further piloting. The measure was administered to 26 families. The Family Problem Solving Code was chosen for adaptation. The tool’s activity structure was feasible to administer, but activity content showed low acceptability, requiring new content. Final activities included (a) a hands-on problem-solving task, (b) a discussion of marital conflict with couples, and (c) a structured discussion of family hopes. Codes were adapted to reflect culturally congruent descriptions of behavior, expressions, and interactions, including an emphasis on nonverbal interactions. The scoring system was modified to facilitate training and consistent rating among trainees with limited experience. Observational tool findings were consistent with those of an interview assessing family functioning, rated by clinical and non-clinical raters. Adaptation resulted in a culturally relevant tool assessing family functioning that proved feasible and acceptable. The adaptation process also proved feasible and efficient in a low-resource setting, suggesting its utility for other contexts.

The urban geopolitics of neighboring: conflict, encounter and class in Jerusalem’s settlement/neighborhood

ABSTRACTThis article examines a unique, yet paradigmatic, case study of a colonial neighborhood in East Jerusalem that is undergoing a significant demographic transformation.1 The French Hill neighborhood, built in 1971, was one of the first settlements in East Jerusalem. Initially, it was populated primarily by upper-middle class secular-Jewish residents. This group has been steadily diminishing as two other distinct new groups moved into the neighborhood: Ultra-Orthodox Jews and Palestinians. This volatile social mix has caused intense inter-ethnic and intra-ethnic collisions. Based on qualitative and quantitative studies, we argue that the juxtaposition of colonial and neoliberal logics of space reveals a shared, yet fragile, middle-class identity. We suggest that this new geopolitical space of neighboring calls for a discussion of political conflict, housing and current colonial conditions that brings class back to our understanding of the production of contested space.

GRAMATIKA DALAM WACANA KONFLIK KPK VS POLRI JILID II (Gramatika in the Discourse of Conflict between Corruption Eradication Comission (KPK) Vs Indonesian National Police (Polri) Part II)

Bahasa digunakan oleh seseorang, kelompok, atau institusi untuk kepentingannya. Kepentingan tersebut tersebut tersembunyi dalam fitur-fitur lingual. Salah satunya dalam gramatika. Hal tersebut juga tampak dalam tajuk rencana yang ditulis harian Suara Merdeka dalam membahas konflik KPK vs Polri jilid II. Makalah ini membahas bagaimana pandangan harian Suara Merdeka dalam konflik KPK vs Polri jilid II dengan menggunakan analisis wacana kritis model Norman Fairclough. Berdasarkan gramatikanya dengan memanfaatkan transitivitas, nominalisasi, pilihan kalimat aktif-pasif, pilihan kalimat positif-negatif, dan modalitas redaksi Suara Merdeka menempatkan institusi KPK sebagai korban (pihak yang dizalimi). Sebaliknya, di pihak lain redaksi menggambarkan posisi Polri sebagai pihak yang mendominasi dan memarjinalkan posisi presiden dalam konflik tersebut. Dengan demikian, pandangan harian Suara Merdeka dalam konflik KPK vs Polri jilid II cenderung berpihak pada institusi KPK. Kata-kata kunci: analisis wacana kritis, gramatika, dan ideologi

Meaning of Contact Zone Studies in the Area of Literature and Culture

The purpose of this paper is to examine the meaning of Contact Zone Studies in the Area of Literature and Culture and their academic possibilities. Contact Zone means a field where various cultures and values meet, interchange and fuse and coexist with each other. How do diverse, fuse cultures and valuese and co-create new things in Contact Zone? What is the culture formation principle in the consciousness of Contact Zone Studies? The cultural theory of M. Bakhtin and Y. Lotman explains the meaning of Contact Zone as a cultural formation principle. Through the concept of ‘otherness’, ‘transgressness’, ‘outsidedness’, Bakhtin argues that a new culture is formed in contact with other meanings of different cultures in the contact zone. According to Lotman, in the course of the formation of a new culture, the boundary is both an exclusive principle for distinguishing differences from other cultures, and a mechanism for integrating with them. The discussion of German immigrant literature provides many points to consider in understanding Korean literature in the age of multiculture. ‘Migrant Literature’ is works written by migrant authors who left their own hometown and live in an different culture. The current situation of German immigrant literature will be an appropriate case for predicting the future of Korean literature. In particular, how the German immigrant literature forms a relationship with mainstream culture, that is, the discussion of conflict, integration and mutual coexistence between the two cultures can be an important reference for understanding korean migrants and their culture.

The production of human-wildlife conflict: A political animal geography of encounter

This study examines how transformations of a regional rural economy have produced new geographies of encounter between agricultural communities, their livestock, and carnivores surrounding Bandipur National Park in Karnataka, India. We analyze state discourses of human-wildlife conflict alongside the perspectives of rural agricultural communities about changes in human-wildlife interactions. Our study shows how state narratives about human-wildlife conflict mask more foundational changes in the livelihood strategies of agricultural villages in response both to park management and regional economic transformations, and how these changes are inherently woven into the production of new geographies of human-wildlife encounter. Our results suggest declining tolerance for injury and death of cattle by carnivores represents the cumulative impacts of a transformation of the livestock economy and more aggressive protected area management strategies. This research also suggests how political ecology can maintain its commitments to social justice while becoming more attuned to animals as political actors.

Conflict and unification in the multilingual landscape of a divided city: the case of Nicosia’s border

ABSTRACTThe Republic of Cyprus is a country characterised by a long-term conflict which resulted in the geopolitical division of the island. Greek-Cypriots and Turkish-Cypriots have lived in separation for more than 30 years until the border re-opened in 2003, allowing people to cross and visit ‘the other side’. One of the crossing points is located in the heart of the commercial area in Nicosia, the capital. This study explores the visibility of the two official languages, namely Greek and Turkish, and also English in the multilingual public space near the border. Unlike previous quantitative Linguistic Landscape investigations, this study is using a qualitative Semiotic Landscape approach [Scollon and Scollon 2003. Discourse in Place: Language in the Material World. London: Routledge; Jaworski and Thurlow 2010. Semiotic Landscapes: Language, Image, Space. London: Continuum] to understand how the public space that divides the two communities interacts with written discourse, visual modalities, spatial arrangements and dimensions of history and culture to create meaning and project ideologies, identities and power relations. The findings show that traditional discourses of separation and conflict are dominant in the public space but at the same time new discourses of unification, peace and integration slowly begin to surface.

Globalization, conflict discourse, and Jewish identity in an Israeli Russian-speaking online community

Using the frameworks of (im)politeness and identity (Garcés-Conejos Blitvich and Sifianou, 2017), this article examines multi-participant polylogal conflict discourse between Jewish ex-Soviet migrants residing in different countries. For Russian-speaking ex-Soviet migrants, Jewish identity is important and at the same time often hotly contested. Migrants use a variety of impoliteness strategies, which are analyzed using Culpeper's 1996 classic impoliteness framework as modified by Dobs and Garcés-Conejos Blitvich (2013). Specific impoliteness strategies are then related to the migrants' transnational identities.I argue that the choice of linguistic code is crucial for both the construction of conflict and for identity work in a globalized context. Migrants have multiple linguistic choices at their disposal, both hegemonic and global (Modern Standard Russian; Hebrew), and non-hegemonic, specifically the highly localized immigrant vernacular, Israeli Russian. I argue that refraining from sharing this common vernacular constitutes an Ignore, Snub the Other impoliteness strategy where Israel-based forum members disaffiliate from a Moscow-based forum member.

The Discourse of Conflict in Social Media Networks

Conflict in online discussions has the potential to polarise individuals’ perceptions of any online political related post, yet political communication scholarship has paid little attention to systematic study of how verbal attacks play out in online discussions of political related posts. This paper takes a critical look at some samples of online readers’ comments to the news post issued by the European Union condemning the rise of political-related violence in Tanzania on the Tanzania based online platform−JamiiForums−in order to see how language is used by individuals to express their view points and opinions on the news event. This study applies van Dijk’s (2006) socio-cognitive approach of positive-self and negative-other polarisation in the readers’ comments on the news event.

Economic Discussion of Conflict between Public Education Policies and Common Good Arts in the United States

ABSTRACTArts education in the United States, especially in public schools, has been neglected and its public funding has decreased. This is partly due to the difference in the conception of public education policies and the arts. The theory of economic goods and an analysis of two current education policies demonstrate that public education is treated as a public good that is needed by all people, and therefore funded with tax dollars. Because the arts are common goods that different people value in their own terms, education in the arts is treated as nonessential and funded sporadically in public school settings. Based on the theory of the commons, the author suggests that nonprofit arts organizations are equipped to deal with the common good and diverse nature of the arts and can provide sustainable arts education that fills the gap of arts education in public schools.

Wiedeńskie kontakty "Sztuki" - z zapisów w Księdze Protokołów Towarzystwa Artystów Polskich

The Society of Polish Artists “Sztuka” was doubly elitist: it presented carefully selected works by the artists of choice that is almost exclusively by the members of the association. This important group, as far as the Polish culture is concerned, first revolutionized the artistic life at home (1897–1918) but then started to fade (until the 1950s). There exist no monographs regarding the association, therefore, the analysis of The Proceedings of the Society of Polish Artists “Sztuka” (Protokoly Posiedzen TAP „Sztuka”, 1897–1912) provides insight into the less known aspects of the Society’s functioning. Of interest are undoubtedly the contacts with the Secession and Hagenbund regarding the organization of exhibitions (also with the Czech Manes). The process of gaining funding for exhibitions shows the establishment of a model of state financing, which sometimes involved the loss of artists’ artistic freedom (it was part of the cultural policy of the Austro-Hungarian Empire that balanced the national issues). The members of the Society of Polish Artists needed to face the following questions: who has the right to represent Polish artists from all partitions? What should the work of the jury look like so that the dominance of one artistic trend is avoided (especially the esthetic concepts of J. Stanislawski)? The article reconstructs differences in the rules governing the cooperation between the Society of Polish Artists and the Wiener Secession and Hagenbund (that housed the biggest Polish exhibition before 1918, completely forgotten today). An important aspect of the article is the discussion of the internal conflicts that threatened the existence of the Society of Polish Artists. In the conclusion, the article indicates the directions of cooperation of Polish artists with Kunstlerbund Hagen in the years 1918–1938.