Areas Of Conflict Research Articles

Students' Transportation Problems in University Campus A Case Study, Tripoli University, Libya

University campuses are small cities in urban areas that are active and attractive destinations. This high level of activity causes severe congestion on campuses and in the surrounding area, especially in urban university locations. Tripoli University campuses are multi-modal and complicated, combining automotive traffic, public transportation, and pedestrians into a single transportation system. This poses a serious problem for university campuses. Vehicular congestion in a campus setting creates several significant conflict areas that range from pedestrian safety to traffic and transit operations. The university has the greatest influence on the surrounding neighborhoods. Innovative transportation approaches can diffuse from higher education to other parts of society.The aim of this study is to understand the main transportation system used at Tripoli University and document a systematic approach to analyze the problems associated with university campus transportation systems and develop solutions to this problem.The research question how can Tripoli University students reach the university campus in less time and more safely?The methodology used in the research will also generate a questionnaire online for students and staff collecting data from other studies and gain knowledge from other countries' solutions. Effective university campus design has the biggest impact in this area. The expected outcome will be a Based on the findings, this study proposed a mode of transportation that would aid in the discovery of effective solutions to the problem, reduce the amount of time spent traveling every day at the university, and create an integrated university campus.

Everyday forms of resistance in Istanbul day labourer areas: Comparative experiences of immigrant and local workers

AbstractPrecarity extends beyond economic and material conditions to shape people's identity, belonging and subjectivity. As a process, precarity has made instability a virtue by lifting the smokescreen that previously hid relations of production. Its institutional crystallization becomes concrete in state apparatuses and social relations. It targets both subjectivity and the life of the population as a whole. Therefore, it participates in everyday life as a hegemonic form of rule. This study focuses on the experiences of precarity, the production of subjectivity and the areas of conflict of local and migrant labourers in day‐labour hiring sites in Istanbul. Day‐labour sites are areas where precarity is normalized. In contrast, day labourers produce their own areas of autonomy in day‐labour sites. The loyalties of migrant and non‐migrant labourers to each other differ in day‐labour sites. Due to the production of certain oppositions through identities in labour areas, the relations of domination have certain invisibility. Nevertheless, the practices of day labourers in organizing their mutual relations intersect in these sites.

Between monitoring and surveillance: Geographies of emerging drone technologies in contemporary conservation

Conservation has employed technologies for monitoring and visual capture since its inception in the nineteenth century. Since then, the capacities of conservation technologies have developed considerably, affording a wide range of data relating to ecological change and biodiversity loss. However, new technologies introduce fresh ethical and political issues into environmental protection, especially as they can be used – deliberately or accidentally – to collect information about human activities. This potential is important, given that many areas of biodiversity protection are also areas of longstanding conflict. We focus here on the political and ethical implications surrounding drones, which collect photographic and video footage that can include images of humans. We review approaches to technology, visuality, and surveillance across and beyond environmental geography over the last two decades, teasing out conceptual approaches that support a nuanced and critical analysis of conservation drones. Our analysis focuses on the ways that conservation drones alter (i) processes of decision-making, (ii) dynamics of fearmongering and control, (iii) processes of securitisation in protected areas, (iv) the production and circulation of (racial) stereotypes, and (v) the practices and outcomes of data justice. We unpack these themes through three case studies from our own fieldwork, clarifying the range of intentional and non-intentional political outcomes that emerge, and ethical themes that will be vital to explore further in the future.

Security Concerns and Conflict Experience of Physically Disabled People in The Czech Republic

People with disabilities are more vulnerable to violence than their non-disabled counterparts. The fear of crime increases with the experience of victimization. There are many attempts to enhance the confidence of being outside alone or decrease the fear of crime through self-defense courses. 
 The aim of the present study is to determine the level of security concerns in people with physical disabilities and to identify the most frequent crime they are facing.
 77 physically disabled people (aged 15 and more; 45 women, 32 men; 5 elementary, 44 secondary, 28 higher educated) participated in the research. 49 participants use mechanic or electric wheelchair, 19 participants use other compensatory aids, 9 participants do not use any compensatory aids. 35 participants use the assistant service, 42 do not. 
 Data was collected via a questionnaire of four parts, in which participants expressed their security concerns, confidence, or vulnerability in given situations through a 6point scale. Each part of the questionnaire is supplemented by an open question encouraging participants to express their experience. People with disabilities have a slight fear of possible conflict situations. This fear increases in conditions with a greater chance of a potential conflict situation or areas that cannot be left immediately. 
 The results suggest a slight sense of helplessness in verbal conflict situations or a developing conflict that can still be de-escalated. We can assume that people with disabilities feel very vulnerable when it comes to direct physical assault.

Ideological Conflict in Rembang (Case Study: Cement Mining Conflict in Rembang)

The ongoing conflict in Watuhputih has escalated into a contentious and complex issue that continues to capture public attention. The debates have given rise to a fierce clash of ideas, concepts, and interpretations of laws, ultimately leading to numerous lawsuits. This study uses a qualitative research approach with Wehr and Bartos analysis to analyze conflict dynamics in the cement factory conflict case in Rembang, Central Java. The qualitative method used a case study. Data collection techniques used in-depth interviews with sources from 20 informants and documentation from various mass media. The results of this study indicate that conflict dynamics are divided into pre-conflict, confrontation, and crisis. This study concludes that the conflict in Rembang has turned into an ideological conflict. Each group claims that the ideology understood the most correct between environmental sustainability, traditional and modern, capitalist. A dark history of conflict and prolonged dynamics causes ideological conflicts. The record of the conflict’s journey into a social movement in Rembang is a series of conflicts between the community and small-scale mining companies previously in conflict areas from the 90th year.

Increasing the Role of the Centre of Peace, Conflict, and Democracy (CPCD) Unhas to Prevent Continued Social Conflict

This service activity aims to enhance the impact of the Center of Peace, Conflict, and Democracy (CPCD) in the Wajo District by raising participants’ comprehension of conflict resolution and honing their negotiation abilities. The CPCD team has determined that conflicts between the residents of Wajo and PT Perkebunan Nusantara (PTPN) stem from disputes over land use rights (HGU). The research center at Hasanuddin University assisted in conflict areas, specifically in South Sulawesi and eastern Indonesia. Furthermore, CPCD delivered messages in training to identify possible opportunities for conflict resolution. To evaluate the outcomes of the training, the securitization approach was utilized, which focuses on the actions taken by actors such as local government officials, for example regents, sub-district heads, and village heads. The training results show that their level of understanding is increasing, and the CPCD’s approach is novel in this region.

Implementasi Konsep Akuntansi Syariah Dalam Pembangunan Infrastruktur Pada Ekonomi Biru Di Indonesia

There are 514 urban areas in the archipelagic nation of Indonesia (Ministry of Home Affairs, 2016). There are many cities in Indonesia that are able to provide a sense of comfort and security for their residents, this of course has an impact on population growth. However, the amount of waste that can be generated and stored is limited by the carrying capacity of the urban environment. Using the idea of ​​a "green city" which consists of nine elements of road infrastructure, traffic, green open space, clean water, noise, energy, housing, clean air and buildings is one way to overcome the above problems. All these qualities need to be utilized immediately with a comprehensive systems approach and in accordance with economic, social and environmental principles in sustainable development. Blue economy approaches can be used to eliminate waste. The “blue economy” is a term that is becoming increasingly popular in today's seas and oceans. The aim of this concept is to combine sea base development opportunities with environmental management and protection. Four conceptual interpretations of the blue economy were determined through research into the dominant discourse in international economic policy documents. How the blue economy works is also examined through an “in practice” analysis of the blue economy and related actors. Next, the scope and focus of the blue economy is explored specifically on the maritime industry, which is included or excluded in various conceptualizations. This analysis reveals areas of agreement and conflict. The consensus range reflects the growing trend towards the commercialization and valuation of nature, delineating and defining maritime boundaries and enhancing the security of the world's oceans. There are several areas of conflict, particularly disputes over the legitimacy of individuals as part of the “blue economy”, highly carbon-intensive industries such as oil and gas and the growing deep sea mining industry. Oceans are becoming increasingly important in terms of potential international trade opportunities through intermediaries and buyers. the behavior of the model supporting such a relationship in the ocean is acceptable from a regular and economic point of view. The relationship between land and sea is increasing in the role and importance of the "blue economy" as the term emerges in the background. . A literature review was conducted to analyze the correct definition of the blue economy. This definition is analyzed based on the minimum requirements that are important for the blue economy. This article also tries to compile various types of activities related to marine services. This is done to determine what can be considered priority areas for blue economic growth. The blue economy concept is based on national economic development. This is comprehensively useful for achieving overall national development. Environmental accounting is stated as a process of reducing negative values ​​and creating positive values ​​in environmental accountability.

Compliance with research ethics in epidemiological studies targeted to conflict-affected areas in Western Ethiopia: validity of informed consent (VIC) by information comprehension and voluntariness (ICV)

BackgroundThe conduct of research is critical to advancing human health. However, there are issues of ethical concern specific to the design and conduct of research in conflict settings. Conflict-affected countries often lack strong platform to support technical guidance and monitoring of research ethics, which may lead to the use of divergent ethical standards some of which are poorly elaborated and loosely enforced. Despite the growing concern about ethical issues in research, there is a dearth of information about ethical compliance in conflict areas. Valid and ethically informed decision-making is a premier pact with research participants in settling possible ethical issues before commencing the research, which is ensured by gaining informed consent from prospective participants of the research.AimsThis research aimed to explore compliance with research ethics and consent validity in community-based epidemiological research conducted previously.MethodsResearch participants were recruited in the western part of Ethiopia in three districts subjected to conflicts. A community-based cross-sectional study design was utilized, and 338 residents were enrolled as study participants. All participants had previously been enrolled as research participants in epidemiological studies. Data was collected using a questionnaire that was pilot-tested before the commencement of the main data collection. The questionnaire focused on participants’ experiences of the informed consent process followed when they were recruited for an epidemiological study and covered themes such as essential information provided, level of comprehension, and voluntarism of consent.ResultsOver half of the study participants, 176 (52%), were not provided with essential information before consenting. And 135 (40%) of them did not comprehend the information provided to them. One hundred and ninety (56%) participants freely and voluntarily agreed to partake in one of these epidemiological studies, with over a quarter (97; 28.7%) of them reporting they were subjected to undue influence. Written consent was obtained from only 32 (9.4%) of the participants.

Gynecological and Obstetric Crisis in Gaza Conflict Area: A Call for Action

This communication underscores the critical gynecological and obstetric crisis in Gaza due to conflict, overcrowding, and damaged healthcare infrastructure, posing severe risks to pregnant women and children. Recommendations include immediate humanitarian aid, hospital restoration, international support for maternity care, and targeted health programs. Urgent measures are crucial for medical necessities, women's health education, mental health support, and adherence to international laws. Long-term planning for sustainable healthcare solutions is emphasized to address persistent challenges.

Impact of the armed conflict in Colombia: consequences in the health system, response and challenges

IntroductionIn Colombia, research on health and conflict has focused on mental health, psychosocial care, displacement, morbidity, and mortality. Few scientific studies have assessed health system functioning during armed conflicts. In a new period characterized by the implementation of the peace agreement with the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) armed group, understanding the effects of armed conflict on the health system, the functions, and institutions shaped by the conflict is an opportunity to understand the pathways and scope of post-conflict health policy reforms. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the effects of armed conflict on the health system, response, and mechanisms developed to protect medical missions during armed conflict in Colombia.MethodsThis research was conducted using a qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. The qualitative guide collected information in four sections: (1) conflict and health system, effects and barriers in health service provision, (2) actions and coordination to cope with those barriers, (3) health policies and armed conflict, and (4) post-accord and current situation. Twenty-two people participated in the interviews, including eight policymakers at the national level and seven at the local level, including two NGOs and five members of international organizations. An academic project event in December 2019 and four focus groups were developed (World Cafe technique) to discuss with national and local stakeholders the effects of armed conflict on the health system and an analytical framework to analyze its consequences.ResultsThe conflict affected the health-seeking behavior of the population, limited access to healthcare provision, and affected health professionals, and was associated with inadequate medical supplies in conflict areas. The health system implemented mechanisms to protect the medical mission, regulate healthcare provision in conflict areas, and commit to healthcare provision (mental and physical health services) for the population displaced by conflict.ConclusionThe state’s presence, trust, and legitimacy have significantly reduced in recent years. However, it is crucial to restore them by ensuring that state and health services are physically present in all territories, including remote and rural areas.

FAMILY CONFLICT MANAGEMENT: QUR’ANIC PERSPECTIVE

This study discusses the concept of family conflicts and their management according to the perspective of the Qur'an. The literature review and thematic approach found five conflict areas in the family: leadership and husband-wife relations; the fulfilment of rights and obligations; the achievement of family vision, mission and goals; attitude and physical intimacy issues; and husband-wife incompatibility. Meanwhile, the Qur'anic family conflict management includes minimising and avoiding violence and encouraging positive behavioural changes among family members.

Patient, Relative and Staff Experiences of Clinical Trial Participation in Neurooncology: "Maybe You Can Also Show the Positive, No Matter How It Ends".

There is a lack of evidence regarding how patients with malignant brain tumor and their relatives experience participation in neurooncological clinical trials. Similarly, insights from the perspective of trial staff caring for this group of patients are missing. This study aims to investigate patient, relative and trial staff experiences regarding participation in clinical neurooncological trials. Within a qualitative exploratory study, 29 semi-structured interviews with brain tumor patients, relatives and trial staff were conducted and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis (RTA) by Braun and Clarke. A patient researcher and patient council were involved in data analysis and interpretation. Four themes were developed reflecting significant aspects of the trial experience: 1. "It all revolves around hope"; 2. "Trial participation: experiencing unique medical care"; 3. "Everyone's roles are changing"; 4. "Communication as a possible area of conflict". Experiencing trial participation and general medical treatment were found to be interconnected to such a degree that they were often not meaningfully distinguished by patients and relatives. In addition to assessing traditional endpoints for patient outcomes, we recommend increased emphasis on investigating the impact of the "soft" components constituting trial participation. Due to the interconnectedness of medical treatment and trial participation, we recommend further investigation in comparison to experiences in regular care. A deeper understanding of trial participation is needed to inform improvements for patient experiences and staff satisfaction alongside medical and scientific progress.

Ways to restore the landscape of city transport areas

Architectural and landscape reconstruction of the city territory and its separate parts in areas of conflict, including former industry, transport, changing the ecological situation in areas that do not meet ecological requirements, using different approaches in the reconstruction of these areas, with increasing the components of nature, are the main measures of change its content is explained. In the article, greening and beautification works in the regions, when using decorative plants in climatic and construction zones, selection of plants based on the analysis of bioecological characteristics, the use of the method of “adaptation - introduction” of the components of nature to the structure of the transport area, the design of the landscape environment of the cities of Uzbekistan issues of complex organization are analyzed. It is also recommended that the transformation of the slopes of the railway planters into cascading - floor-by-floor compositions using linear plantings of plants will open up new possibilities in the design of hills sloping down to city streets.

A scoping review of the social determinants of maternal health in the MENA region.

One crucial step to improving maternal health outcomes in any region is understanding the social determinants of maternal health, which vary significantly across the world´s geographical areas and within individual countries. The variability in these determinants is manifested in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Using a scoping review process, we identified articles analyzing social factors influencing maternal health outcomes in the MENA region. A total of 50 articles were included in this review. Several social factors impact independently or in association with maternal health outcomes or utilization of maternal health in the MENA region. These factors include: residing in an area of conflict, residing in a rural region, low accessibility and quality of health care, low level of education, antagonistic relationship with spouse and family-in-law, cultural practices such as female genital mutilation and early marriage, traditional practices, and beliefs, low household wealth, women´s financial security, women's bad childbirth history, and interpersonal violence. Multi-sector collaboration across governmental ministries, non-governmental organizations, local authorities, healthcare delivery programs, and community members is critical to creating long-term solutions in maternal health for MENA nations. Together they must address traditional practices harmful to women, poor accessibility, availability, and affordability of health services. To benefit women, a long-term commitment of organizations at local, national, and international levels to social investments in women´s education, financial status, and cultural norms is recommended for MENA nations.

Abuse of Women and Children in Armed Conflict and Domestically: More Effective Safeguarding Systems Urgently Needed to Prevent these Crimes and Ensure Protection

Emergency medicine health workers have major roles in managing the clinical effects of armed conflict and domestic abuse on women and children. To safeguard vulnerable people from such criminal abuse, there is an urgent need for international and domestic action. International and national legal systems need to work more rapidly and efficiently with immediate power to protect against, and prevent, such abuse. Internationally, the current weakness of the United Nations Security Council to provide civilian protection, such as through UN troops on the ground and no-fly zones over conflict areas, and thereby minimise the effects of armed conflict on civilians, can, and has, largely resulted from self-serving, dangerous vetoes of the 5 permanent members with major conflicts of interest, in part related to their role in the manufacturing and global distribution of weapons. The International Court of Justice and the International Criminal Court have little immediate power to protect civilians affected by war crimes, including abuse, which breach the Geneva and other International Conventions. To date, the number of war criminals convicted by the International Criminal Court is incredibly small, and the long delay in the Courts’ decisions mean that the consequences of the war crimes sometimes continue for years. We describe new systems to better protect women and children from abuse in the home. We propose a new definition that separates ill treatment from criminal abuse that is undertaken for gain by perpetrators (who are often carers or intimate partners with antisocial personality disorders). Ill treatment undertaken within families experiencing adversity such as homelessness, poverty, displacement, and addiction requires compassion and socio-economic support. In contrast the crimes of abuse committed for gain require stronger forensic approaches investigated and addressed by special, inter-agency, forensic taskforce units led by senior experienced detectives in partnership with social, healthcare, and legal professionals. We also discuss additional issues linked to abuse, such as the links between animal/pet abuse and human abuse, the need for better systems to prevent and protect children living in institutions, better regulation of social media to protect children from scenes of violence and sexual abuse, and gun control needed to protect children, especially in the USA.

Safe vehicle motion design with learning for moving in environment with uncertainties

In this paper a motion profile design for unmanned aerial vehicles is proposed which method is able to guarantee safe collision-free motion. The motivations of the work are provided by the uncertainties of covered areas by the vehicles, and also the need of high performance fast vehicle motion. The uncertain information on the environment for detecting Conflict areas is processed through clustering and Mahalanobis-distance-based filtering methods. The resulted Conflict areas are involved in the motion design method, which is facilitated through reinforcement learning. This paper shows the application of the method on a drone that moves together with a mobile robot in the same environment. The safe and high performance motion of the drone is illustrated through simulation example.

Measles Outbreak in Lebanon: July 2023.

After the beginning of the Syrian crisis, increased rates of infectious diseases were reported. Lebanon, a neighboring country with a major socioeconomic crisis, witnessed a measles outbreak since July 2023, with 519 reported suspected cases. Half of the cases were under 5 y of age, most of them were unvaccinated. The mass displacement of refugees from conflict areas in Syria to Lebanon and the low vaccination coverage have made the situation more challenging. Further efforts are required in Lebanon to address identified gaps to prevent or at least better control future outbreaks.

Enhancing Healthcare Access in Conflict Zones: Identifying Challenges and Proposing Solutions

There are still many unanswered questions about the safety of affected communities' health in conflict zones, including access to healthcare. The main obstacle is the profound disruption that conflict causes to the healthcare system, which leads to a shortage of medical supplies, the destruction of buildings, and a large-scale evacuation of medical personnel. Security hazards also exacerbate this critical situation by impeding the safe delivery of help and the impacted communities' access to healthcare services. This condition however present chances for creativity and advancement. Technological developments, in particular telemedicine, provide a lifeline by bridging the gap between patients and healthcare practitioners by enabling remote consultations and the dissemination of medical information to areas afflicted by violence. A concerted effort involving technological innovation, stakeholder collaboration, community empowerment, and advocacy efforts holds promise in improving the dire situation and, in the end, guaranteeing vulnerable populations in these areas equitable access to healthcare, even though there are still challenges associated with providing healthcare in conflict areas. Finally, the provision of healthcare in war areas continues to be a complex problem, but proactive approaches that embrace technology innovation, teamwork, community empowerment, and advocacy work may be able to lessen these difficulties. Together, these concerns can be addressed to create a more equitable healthcare environment that will support vulnerable people during times of conflict. In order to improve healthcare accessibility in these unstable circumstances. This is paper aims to analyze the numerous obstacles and investigate viable solutions and avenue for advancement.

МЕСТО ГРУЗИИ НА ШКАЛЕ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ВНЕШНЕПОЛИТИЧЕСКИХ ПРИОРИТЕТОВ США

The article analyzes the evolution of Georgia’s role in the US foreign policy strategy in 2012–2022. The article is aimed at understanding the degree of importance of Georgia in the U.S. foreign policy, identifying the areas of cooperation and conflict, and establishing the nature of the relations between Georgia and the United States. The methodology of the study is based on a systematic approach, thanks to which it was possible to determine the most significant factors influencing the bilateral relations. The scientific novelty of the research consists in conducting a comprehensive analysis of the logic and dynamics of the 2012–2022 Georgian-American relations, the study of the anti-Western rhetoric of the modern Georgian government, as well as in attracting the relevant groups of sources that have not been used previously in the domestic studies on the Georgian-American relations (the U.S. reports on the state of democracy in Georgia, a complete list of the legislative materials of the U.S. Congress for Georgia, the data on the Georgia’s foreign trade from 2014 to 2022, the U.S. officials’ statements criticizing the “Georgian Dream”, etc.). The author comesto the conclusion that the Biden administration, unlike the previous administrations, faced an additional problem in determining the significance of Georgia: since the end of Bush’s presidential term, the American side had not had a clear strategic regional policy to which Tbilisi could have related. Thus, the undertaken research is relevant for the formation of Russia’s foreign policy strategy in the context of the toughened geopolitical competition in the South Caucasus in order to effectively protect its own national security.

Derivation of requirements for life cycle assessment-related information to be integrated in digital battery passports

In recent years, there has been a growing demand for transparency throughout supply chains, driven by various stakeholders, including society and regulatory authorities. Data transparency platforms and Digital Product Passports (DPPs) have been proposed as potential solutions sharing products specific information along the value chain, including environmental impacts like the carbon footprint, as e.g. demanded by the upcoming EU Batteries Regulation. For the calculation of environmental impacts, the methodology of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a recognized international standard, the complex implementation of which must now be transferred into DPPs. Therefore, this study analyses the requirements of all stakeholder groups regarding the integration of LCA in data transparency platforms based on the use case of batteries. The identification of these requirements is achieved through a comprehensive literature review. The requirements are then categorized as related to the individual phases of an LCA, secondary data usage as well as data exchange options. Finally, potential areas of conflict regarding the integration of LCA into DPPs are discussed, and further areas of research are highlighted. Efforts should be made to ensure that the workload for companies is minimized while at the same time providing incentives to reduce environmental impacts and create further added value.