Configuration Interaction Technique Research Articles

Low energy electron-impact study of AlO using the R-matrix method

This comprehensive study reports the electron-impact on the open shell AlO molecule at low energy (less than 10 eV) using the R-matrix method. We present the elastic (integrated and differential), momentum-transfer, electronic excitation and ionisation cross sections; along with effective collision frequency over a wide electron temperature range (1000–100 000 K). Correlations via a configuration interaction technique are used to represent the target states. Calculations are performed in the static-exchange and 24-target states close-coupling approximation at the experimental bond length of 1.6178 A. We have used different basis sets 6-311G*, double zeta, polarization (DZP), cc-pCVTZ to represent our target states. We have chosen the Gaussian Type Orbitals (GTOs) basis set DZP to represent the atomic orbitals which gave the best one-electron properties of the molecule. The calculated dipole moment (1.713 au), rotational constant (0.641399 cm-1) and the vertical excitation energies are in concurrence with the best available data. The continuum electron is also represented by GTOs and is placed at the center of mass of the molecule. Resonance analysis is carried out to assign the resonance parameters and the parentage of detected resonances by fitting the eigenphase sums to the Breit–Wigner profile. Our study has detected three core-excited shape resonances in the 24-state model. We detect a stable bound state of AlO- of 1 A 1 symmetry having configuration 1σ 2 … 7σ 21π 42π 4 with a vertical electronic affinity value of 2.59 eV which is in good accord with the experimental value of 2.6 ± (0.01) eV. The ionisation cross sections are calculated using the Binary-Encounter-Bethe Model in which Hartree–Fock molecular orbitals at self-consistent level are used to calculate kinetic and binding energies of the occupied molecular orbitals. We include partial waves up to g-wave beyond which Born closure method is employed to obtain converged cross sections.

Photoionization of Cl-like Ni XII using relativistic R-matrix close-coupling method

In this study, photoionization (PI) of nickel ions Ni XII is performed using the relativistic close-coupling Breit–Pauli R-matrix method. The calculation includes 47 lowest target states of Ni XIII, which have been evaluated using a sophisticated configuration interaction technique. Results for the PI of the ground state 3s23p5(2[Formula: see text]) and first excited state 3s23p5(2[Formula: see text]) are provided. The PI of this Cl-like ion is characterized by multiple Rydberg series of autoionizing resonances converging to various ionic states of Ni XIII. Our background cross section agrees well with that obtained using the Los Almos National Laboratory PI code. The resonance energy levels and widths of the Rydberg series are presented using the Quigley and Berrington approach. We believe that our results will be useful for astrophysical plasma research.

Study of Nuclear Clustering from an AbInitio Perspective.

We put forward a new abinitio approach that seamlessly bridges the structure, clustering, and reactions aspects of the nuclear quantum many-body problem. The configuration interaction technique combined with the resonating group method based on a harmonic oscillator basis allows us to treat the reaction and multiclustering dynamics in a translationally invariant way and preserve the Pauli principle. Our presentation includes studies of ^{8,10}Be and an exploration of 3α clustering in ^{12}C.

Magnetic gaps in organic tri-radicals: From a simple model to accurate estimates.

The calculation of the energy gap between the magnetic states of organic poly-radicals still represents a challenging playground for quantum chemistry, and high-level techniques are required to obtain accurate estimates. On these grounds, the aim of the present study is twofold. From the one side, it shows that, thanks to recent algorithmic and technical improvements, we are able to compute reliable quantum mechanical results for the systems of current fundamental and technological interest. From the other side, proper parameterization of a simple Hubbard Hamiltonian allows for a sound rationalization of magnetic gaps in terms of basic physical effects, unraveling the role played by electron delocalization, Coulomb repulsion, and effective exchange in tuning the magnetic character of the ground state. As case studies, we have chosen three prototypical organic tri-radicals, namely, 1,3,5-trimethylenebenzene, 1,3,5-tridehydrobenzene, and 1,2,3-tridehydrobenzene, which differ either for geometric or electronic structure. After discussing the differences among the three species and their consequences on the magnetic properties in terms of the simple model mentioned above, accurate and reliable values for the energy gap between the lowest quartet and doublet states are computed by means of the so-called difference dedicated configuration interaction (DDCI) technique, and the final results are discussed and compared to both available experimental and computational estimates.

Stability and spectral properties of the dication Ne.

The dication Ne and its stability properties are studied by ab initio methods. Assuming the Born-Oppenheimer approximation and employing multireference configuration interaction techniques, potential energy curves of its low-lying electronic spectrum have been computed and analyzed. In addition to identifying metastable electronic and vibrational states, possible electronic transitions and decay mechanisms are examined. Our results also shed new light on the role of the dication as an excimer system and the interpretation of experimentally observed continua in Ne2 ultraviolet emission spectra.

Configuration interaction calculations and excitation rates of X-ray and EUV transitions in sulfurlike manganese

Fine-structure calculations of energies and transition parameters have been performed using the configuration interaction technique (CI) as implemented in CIV3 code for sulfurlike manganese, Mn X. The calculations are executed in an intermediate coupling scheme using the Breit-Pauli Hamiltonian. As well as, energy levels and oscillator strengths are calculated using LANL code, where the calculations by LANL have been used to estimate the accuracy of the present CI calculations. The calculated energy levels, oscillator strengths, and lifetimes are in reasonable agreement with the published experimental and theoretical values. Electron impact excitation rates of the transitions emit soft X-ray and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wavelengths have been evaluated. The level population densities are calculated using the collisional radiative model (CRM), as well. The collisional excitation rates and collision strengths have been calculated in the electron temperature range ≤ the ionization potential, ∼1–250eV.

Electron structure of superheavy elements Uut, Fl and Uup (Z=113 to 115)

We use recently developed method of accurate atomic calculations which combines linearized single-double coupled cluster method with the configuration interaction technique to calculate ionisation potentials, excitation energies, static polarizabilities and valence electron densities for superheavy elements Uut, Fl and Uup ($Z$=113 to 115) and their ions. The accuracy of the calculations is controlled by comparing similar calculations for lighter analogs of the superheavy elements, Tl, Pb and Bi with experiment. The role of relativistic effects and correlations is discussed and comparison with earlier calculations is presented.

Many-electron states of the N2 and N3 color centers in diamond: A first- principles and many-body study

A new model is applied to calculate the many-body properties of the neutral N3 color center in diamond. This model is based on the first-principles density functional theory (DFT) and cluster method, which is combined with the generalized Hubbard model. In contrast to the previous models for N3 centers, our model does not require the configuration interaction (CI) and molecular orbital (MO) techniques. The N3 defect in diamond is simulated with an empty site next to three substitutional nitrogen atoms in the center of a hydrogen-terminated diamond cluster. The method is shown to be highly accurate for describing the symmetries and spin properties of the ground state and the first dipole-allowed excited state for the N3 center. We obtain the transition energy as 412nm for the first dipole-allowed transition, which is in good agreement with the corresponding experimental value as 415nm. We assigned the dipole-allowed transition between the first and second excited states as the N2 optical peak, and evaluated the N2 optical peak to be 463nm, which is close to the experimental value as 478nm.

Highly tunable exchange in donor qubits in silicon

AbstractIn this article we have investigated the electrical control of the exchange coupling (J) between donor-bound electrons in silicon with a detuning gate bias, crucial for the implementation of the two-qubit gate in a silicon quantum computer. We found that the asymmetric 2P–1P system provides a highly tunable exchange curve with mitigated J-oscillation, in which 5 orders of magnitude change in the exchange coupling can be achieved using a modest range of electric field (3 MV/m) for ~15-nm qubit separation. Compared with the barrier gate control of exchange in the Kane qubit, the detuning gate design reduces the gate density by a factor of ~2. By combining large-scale atomistic tight-binding method with a full configuration interaction technique, we captured the full two-electron spectrum of gated donors, providing state-of-the-art calculations of exchange energy in 1P–1P and 2P–1P qubits.

An ab initio study of SbH2 and BiH2: The Renner effect, spin–orbit coupling, local mode vibrations and rovibronic energy level clustering in SbH2

We present the results of ab initio calculations for the lower electronic states of the Group 15 (pnictogen) dihydrides, SbH2 and BiH2. For each of these molecules the two lowest electronic states become degenerate at linearity and are therefore subject to the Renner effect. Spin–orbit coupling is also strong in these two heavy-element containing molecules. For the lowest two electronic states of SbH2, we construct the three dimensional potential energy surfaces and corresponding dipole moment and transition moment surfaces by multi-reference configuration interaction techniques. Including both the Renner effect and spin–orbit coupling, we calculate term values and simulate the rovibrational and rovibronic spectra of SbH2. Excellent agreement is obtained with the results of matrix isolation infrared spectroscopic studies and with gas phase electronic spectroscopic studies in absorption. For the heavier dihydride BiH2 we calculate bending potential curves and the spin–orbit coupling constant for comparison. For SbH2 we further study the local mode vibrational behavior and the formation of rovibronic energy level clusters in high angular momentum states.

Wigner crystallization at graphene edges

Using many-body configuration interaction techniques we show that Wigner crystallization occurs at the zigzag edges of graphene at surprisingly high electronic densities up to $0.8$ $\mbox{nm}^{-1}$. In contrast with one-dimensional electron gas, the flat-band structure of the edge states makes the system interaction dominated, facilitating the electronic localization. The resulting Wigner crystal manifests itself in pair-correlation functions, and evolves smoothly as the edge electron density is lowered. We also show that the crystallization affects the magnetization of the edges. While the edges are fully polarized when the system is charge neutral (i.e. high density), above the critical density, the spin-spin correlations between neighboring electrons go through a smooth transition from antiferromagnetic to magnetic coupling as the electronic density is lowered.

Prediction of a neutral noble gas compound in the triplet state.

Discovery of the HArF molecule associated with H-Ar covalent bonding [Nature, 2000, 406, 874-876] has revolutionized the field of noble gas chemistry. In general, this class of noble gas compound involving conventional chemical bonds exists as closed-shell species in a singlet electronic state. For the first time, in a bid to predict neutral noble gas chemical compounds in their triplet electronic state, we have carried out a systematic investigation of xenon inserted FN and FP species by using quantum chemical calculations with density functional theory and various post-Hartree-Fock-based correlated methods, including the multireference configuration interaction technique. The FXeP and FXeN species are predicted to be stable by all the computational methods employed in the present work, such as density functional theory (DFT), second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2), coupled-cluster theory (CCSD(T)), and multireference configuration interaction (MRCI). For the purpose of comparison we have also included the Kr-inserted compounds of FN and FP species. Geometrical parameters, dissociation energies, transition-state barrier heights, atomic charge distributions, vibrational frequency data, and atoms-in-molecules properties clearly indicate that it is possible to experimentally realize the most stable state of FXeP and FXeN molecules, which is triplet in nature, through the matrix isolation technique under cryogenic conditions.

Combination of the single-double–coupled-cluster and the configuration-interaction methods: Application to barium, lutetium, and their ions

A version of the method of accurate calculations for few valence-electron atoms which combines linearized single-double coupled cluster method with the configuration interaction technique is presented. The use of the method is illustrated by calculations of the energy levels for Ba, Ba$^+$, Lu, Lu$^+$ and Lu$^{2+}$. Good agreement with experiment is demonstrated and comparison with previous version of the method (Safronova {\em et al}, PRA {\bf 80}, 012516 (2009)) is made.

Scalar static polarizabilities of lanthanides and actinides

We calculate scalar static polarizabilities for lanthanides and actinides, the atoms with open $4f$ or $5f$ subshells. We show that polarizabilities of the low states are approximately the same for all states of a given configuration, and we present a way of calculating them reducing valence space to just two or three valence electrons occupying $6s$ and $5d$ states for lanthanides or $7s$ and $6d$ states for actinides, while $4f$ and $5f$ states are considered to be in the core. The configuration interaction technique is used to calculate polarizabilities of lanthanides and actinides for all states of the $4{f}^{n}6{s}^{2}$ and $4{f}^{n\ensuremath{-}1}6{s}^{2}5d$ configurations of lanthanides and all states of the $5{f}^{n}7{s}^{2}$ and $5{f}^{n\ensuremath{-}1}7{s}^{2}6d$ configurations of actinides. Polarizability of the electron core (including $f$ orbitals) has been calculated in the random-phase approximation.

Accurate theoretical spectroscopy of the lowest electronic states of CP radical

The present theoretical calculations on CP X2Σ+, A2Π, 14Σ+, 14Δ, 14Π, 16Π and 16Σ+ electronic states use standard and explicitly correlated coupled cluster approaches, multi-reference configuration interaction (MRCI) techniques in connection with a large panel of basis sets. We also examined core–valence (CV) and scalar relativistic (SR) effects. For the ground electronic state, our calculations reveal that the MRCI+CV+SR method and the coupled cluster technique with perturbative treatment of triple excitations including scalar relativistic effects computed with the Douglas-Kroll approach (RCCSD[T]-DK) in connection with a large basis set lead to an accurate description of CP(X2Σ+). We computed the evolution along the internuclear distance of the diagonal and the off-diagonal spin–orbit integrals between the X2Σ+ and A2Π states. These integrals are then incorporated together with the corresponding potentials into variational treatment of the nuclear motion. We deduced hence the energy positions of the low and high vibronic levels of X2Σ+ and A2Π states. Finally, it is shown the necessity of considering the spin–orbit coupling for accurate prediction of the energy position of these levels.

Computation of Energy Spectra of Quantum Dot Using Configuration Interaction Technique by Including Correlation and Relativistic Effects

Computation of Energy Spectra of Quantum Dot Using Configuration Interaction Technique by Including Correlation and Relativistic Effects

Theoretical study of potential energy curves, spectroscopic constants, and radiative lifetimes of low-lying states in an SeO molecule

The low-lying potential energy curves of the SeO molecule are computed by means of an ab initio multireference configuration interaction technique, taking into account relativistic (scalar plus spin—orbit coupling) effects. The spectroscopic constants of Ω states for X3Σ−, a1Δ, b1Σ+, A3Π, A′3Δ, and A″ 3Σ+ states are obtained, and they are in good accordance with available experimental values. The Franck—Condon factors and transition dipole moments to the ground state are computed, and the natural radiative lifetimes of low-lying Ω states are theoretically obtained. Comparisons of the natural lifetimes of Ω states with previous experimental results and those of isovalent TeO molecule are made.

Calculation of parity nonconservation in xenon and mercury

We use configuration interaction technique to calculate parity non-conservation (PNC) in metastable Xe and Hg [proposal of the experiment in L. Bougas et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 210801 (2012)]. Both, nuclear spin-independent and nuclear spin-dependent (dominated by the nuclear anapole moment) parts of the amplitude are considered. The amplitudes are strongly enhanced by proximity of the states of opposite parity.

Explorative computational study of the singlet fission process

Different ab initio methods, namely multi-reference and nonorthogonal configuration interaction techniques, are explored for their applicability in studying the singlet fission problem. It has been shown for 2-methyl-1,5-hexadiene that the 1TT state can be identified using multi-reference techniques. The geometrical and vibrational properties of the 1TT state are such that they can be approximated with those of the 5TT state. A proof of principle is given for the calculation of the singlet fission pathway driven by nuclear motion: efficient singlet fission can take place if the 1TT and S1 states are close in energy with a large non-adiabatic coupling matrix element at the S1 geometry, and the energy of the S0 state is well below that of the 1TT state at the 1TT geometry. The nonorthogonal configuration interaction method was used to treat a tetracene trimer. It has been shown that the first excited states can be interpreted as delocalised states; interaction with charge-transfer base states plays an important role. The 1TT states are localised on one pair of molecules. The electronic coupling between the diabatic S[n] and 1TT[m] states is in the meV range, confirming previous estimates. The charge-transfer base states enhance the coupling between the S[1]/S[2] and 1TT[2] excited states.

Global spectroscopy of the water monomer

Given the large energy required for its electronic excitation, the most important properties of the water molecule are governed by its ground potential energy surface (PES). Novel experiments are now able to probe this surface over a very extended energy range, requiring new theoretical procedures for their interpretation. As part of this study, a new, accurate, global spectroscopic-quality PES and a new, accurate, global dipole moment surface are developed. They are used for the computation of the high-resolution spectrum of water up to the first dissociation limit and beyond as well as for the determination of Stark coefficients for high-lying states. The water PES has been determined by combined ab initio and semi-empirical studies. As a first step, a very accurate, global, ab initio PES was determined using the all-electron, internally contracted multi-reference configuration interaction technique together with a large Gaussian basis set. Scalar relativistic energy corrections are also determined in order to move the energy determinations close to the relativistic complete basis set full configuration interaction limit. The electronic energies were computed for a set of about 2500 geometries, covering carefully selected configurations from equilibrium up to dissociation. Nuclear motion computations using this PES reproduce the observed energy levels up to 39 000 cm(-1) with an accuracy of better than 10 cm(-1). Line positions and widths of resonant states above dissociation show an agreement with experiment of about 50 cm(-1). An improved semi-empirical PES is produced by fitting the ab initio PES to accurate experimental data, resulting in greatly improved accuracy, with a maximum deviation of about 1 cm(-1) for all vibrational band origins. Theoretical results based on this semi-empirical surface are compared with experimental data for energies starting at 27 000 cm(-1), going all the way up to dissociation at about 41 000 cm(-1) and a few hundred wavenumbers beyond it.