Conductive Polymer Composites Research Articles

"Snakeskin" Bioinspired Design for Polymer Composite with Enhanced Positive Temperature-Dependent Thermal Conductivity.

Albeit there is widespread application of thermally conductive polymer composites, one challenge is their typical negative temperature dependence on thermal conductivity (TDTC) due to the mismatch in thermal expansion between the polymer and fillers, creating voids at the interfaces. Inspired by the hierarchical structure of snakeskin, where rigid scales and a soft intergap manage expansion, we designed a segregated structure by coating a high-expansion high impact polystyrene (HIPS)/graphite (Gt) composite with a copper alloy. We hypothesize that the Cu alloy restricts the thermal expansion of HIPS/Gt while forming a pseudoconductive network, enhancing TDTC and thermal conductivity (TC). The results demonstrate that, compared to a composite prepared via conventional melt mixing, the bioinspired structure increases TDTC between -20 and 80 °C by 290% and TC at 80 °C by 46.5%, respectively. As a bioinspired strategy, our work is the first report on a straightforward, scalable, yet effective approach to design and enhance thermal management of materials.

Graphene-based polymer composites in thermal management: materials, structures and applications.

Graphene, with its high thermal conductivity (k), excellent mechanical properties, and thermal stability, is an ideal filler for developing advanced high k and heat dissipation materials. However, creating graphene-based polymer nanocomposites (GPNs) with high k remains a significant challenge to meet the demand for efficient heat dissipation. Here, the effects of graphene material and structure on thermal properties are investigated from both microscopic and macroscopic perspectives. Initially, it briefly introduces the influence of graphene structural parameters on its intrinsic k, along with summarizing methods to adjust these parameters. Various techniques for establishing different thermal conductivity pathways at the macroscopic scale (including filler hybridization, 3D networks, horizontal alignment, and vertical alignment) are reviewed, along with their respective advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, we discuss the applications of GPNs as thermal interface materials (TIMs), phase change materials (PCMs), and smart responsive thermal management materials in the field of thermal management. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives of GPN research are discussed. This review offers researchers a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in GPNs for thermal management and guidance for developing the next generation of thermally conductive polymer composites.

Ultra‐High in‐Plane Thermal Conductivity of Epoxy Composites Reinforced by Three‐Dimensional Carbon Fiber/Graphene Hybrid Felt

ABSTRACTThe heat dissipation problem brought about by high heat density components is a key bottleneck restricting the development of the new electronics industry. At present, traditional low thermal conductivity (TC) polymer composites can no longer meet the heat dissipation demand. The requirements for their thermal performance are also increasing. In this work, the epoxy resin/carbon fiber /graphene hybrid felt (Epoxy/CF/G) composites with high in‐plane TC were constructed through the synergistic interaction of one‐dimensional carbon fiber (CF) and two‐dimensional graphene (G). The synergistic effect of CF and G on thermal conductivity is explored. Graphene can bridge adjacent carbon fibers (CFs) to reduce phonon scattering and build multistage heat transfer paths, facilitating the thermal properties. The thermal conductivity value (K) of the prepared composites reaches 24.09 W/mK at a packing load of 35.25 wt%, which is superior to that of Epoxy/CF composites (12.73 W/mK). The heat transport mechanism is analyzed using infrared thermography. The heat dissipation effect is verified by light emitting diodes, further understanding the internal heat flow conduction process. This synergistic effect strategy provides a promising approach for further constructing thermal conduction networks with industrial application value.

Recent Advances in Creating 3D-interconnected Networks within Thermally Conductive Aluminum Nitride Polymer Composites: A Review

Abstract: The demand for efficient heat dissipation in advanced electronic devices necessitates the development of polymer composites with exceptional thermal conductivity. Over the course of the last few years, a great deal of research has been conducted to augment the thermal management of polymer composites through the incorporation of fillers possessing exceptionally high thermal conductivity. Among these fillers, aluminum nitride (AlN) has emerged as an exemplary choice for enhancing the thermal conductivity properties of polymer composites. Nevertheless, the substantial thermal resistance that exists at the interface of the filler and polymer matrix, as well as between fillers themselves, significantly impedes heat conduction, thereby limiting the improvement in thermal conductivity. The concise review endeavors to illustrate the recent advancements in the production techniques of polymer/AlN composites that exhibit high thermal conductivity by creating a three-dimensional interconnected filler network. The review begins with an introduction to the proposed mechanisms of heat conductivity in polymer composites, followed by a brief discussion of the various factors influencing the thermal conductivity of these composites. Subsequently, the different methods for fabricating three-dimensional interconnected AlN networks in polymer/AlN composites, all aimed at enhancing thermal conductivity, are presented. The review aims to present novel methods for improving the thermal conductivity of polymer composites by building complex three-dimensional filler networks.

Thermal conductivity enhancement of epoxy by a 3D Si3N4 crystal rod/grain skeleton fabricating from photovoltaic silicon waste

Silicon nitride (Si3N4) is one of the preferred fillers for the preparation of high thermal conductivity polymer composites because of its intrinsic high thermal conductivity and good electrical insulation. To maximize the thermal conductivity enhancement effect of the fillers in the composites, it is necessary to pre-construct a three-dimensional (3D) thermally conductive filler network. Herein, surfactant foaming was applied to pre-construct a 3D Si-containing framework from photovoltaic silicon waste (PSW), which was subsequently transformed into a porous skeleton consisting of Si3N4 rods and grains by in-situ nitridation reaction sintering. And finally, thermal conductive Si3N4/epoxy (EP) composites were fabricated after infiltrating EP into the network skeleton. When the filler content of Si3N4 was 41.00 vol%, the obtained Si3N4/EP composite showed the highest thermal conductivity of 2.99 W·m-1·K-1, which was 13.95 times higher than that of pure EP. Tests on running CPU and heating table showed that the Si3N4/EP substrate had excellent heat dissipation performance compared to the pure EP substrate. The 3D continuous network formed by "bridging" between two different morphologies of Si3N4 microcrystals contributed to providing effective multi-directional heat transfer paths and thereby improving the thermal conductivity of the composites. Overall, the low cost of raw silicon source originating from industrial waste as well as the simple and practical construction of heat-conducting filler network demonstrate the promising application of the Si3N4/EP composites fabricated in our work.

Development of textile based supercapacitors using activated carbon from renewable banana peels and conductive polymer composites

Activated carbon was synthesized from banana peel using a two-step chemical activation process and blended with poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT-PSS) to improve the electrochemical performance of screen-printed electrodes fabricated on cotton fabrics. The use of carbonized banana peel (CBP) with PEDOT-PSS to develop reliable and sustainable supercapacitors was investigated. The work includes the design of a CBP: PEDOT-PSS axisymmetric electrode energy storage device with 0.1 M K2SO4 electrolyte. The results showed that the screen-printed cotton fabric delivered an electrical conductivity of 4.1 ± 1.3 S/cm and a specific capacitance, and energy density of 52.1 F g−1 and 7.233 WhKg−1 at 5 mV/s scanning rate, respectively with a three-electrode system. The material showed a remarkable rate performance in an axisymmetric three-electrode cell configuration with an operating potential window of 0–0.5 V. In addition, the fabricated material demonstrated uniform deposition of PEDOT-PSS and CBP on the cotton fabric which was confirmed by both AFM and SEM image analysis. FTIR confirmed the structural properties of the composite. There is more consistency between the ideal supercapacitor modelled with COMSOL Multiphysics and the actual experimental results. The model curves aid in better design and performance and durability monitoring by offering a more thorough and precise characterization of the kinetics and thermodynamics of the supercapacitors. Consequently, the CBP: PEDOT-PSS composite presents a promising option for supercapacitor uses.

Simultaneously improving in-plane and through-plane thermal conductivity of insulted PVDF composite film using multi-layer and multi-filler strategies

In this paper, a multi-filler synergistic strategy combined with multi-layer hot pressing technology was developed to optimize the thermal conductivity and insulation properties of composite materials. Boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS), aluminium oxide (Al2O3) microspheres and silver (Ag) nanoparticles were incorporated to construct a three-dimensional thermal conduction network within a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) thermally conductive composite film. An electrospun PVDF fiber film was first prepared to be used as a template. BNNS and Al2O3 were then electrostatically assembled on the surface of the PVDF fiber and in the film to obtain continuous BNNS/PVDF fiber film and Al2O3/PVDF fiber film, respectively. Ag nanoparticles were then prepared in situ on the Al2O3/PVDF fiber film to obtain an Ag-enhanced Al2O3/PVDF fiber film. A sandwich structured PVDF composite film (B-A@Ag-B/PVDF) was finally prepared by hot pressing, using the BNNS/PVDF fiber films as the top and bottom layers and the Ag-enhanced Al2O3/PVDF fiber film as the middle layer. The resulting B-A@Ag-B/PVDF composite film, with a total filler mass fraction of 32.1 %, had in-plane and through-plane thermal conductivities of 4.13 W m–¹ K–¹ and 1.05 W m–¹ K–¹, respectively, improvements of 1620 % and 452 % compared to those of pure PVDF. In addition, the through-plane electrical conductivity was as low as 5.38 × 10–¹¹ S/cm, matching the standards for insulating materials. The B-A@Ag-B/PVDF composite film demonstrates significant potential for advanced thermally conductive polymer composites.

Multiscale study on the synergistic effect of interface heat transfer and filler structure on enhancing the thermal conductivity of boron nitride/alumina/polyurethane composites

The design and preparation of polymer composites for microelectronic package with high thermal conductivity is an important route to solve the thermal problem of electronic devices. The synergistic effect of interface heat transfer and hybrid filler structure on the enhancement of thermal conductivity in polyurethane composites was analyzed using a multiscale approach. Firstly, the interface heat transfer characteristics and strengthening mechanism of BN-TPU and Al2O3-TPU regulated by functionalization were analyzed by atomic scale calculation. Then, the thermal conductivity of BN/Al2O3/TPU composites under different interface thermal resistance, filler distribution, filler ratio and contents were studied through representative volume elements with interface layer structure. The results indicate that, due to the functionalized molecules increasing the phonon vibration overlap between the filler and matrix and thereby reducing the interface thermal resistance, the thermal conductivity of the composite materials shows an increasing trend with interface functionalization. Moreover, under the combined effects of constructing oriented BN structures, optimizing the ratio between BN and Al2O3, and regulating interface functionalization, the composites showed excellent thermal conductivity at low filler content. The research can provide important guidance for the preparation of highly thermal conductive polymer composites.

Studying the Effect of Carbonous Fillers on the Properties of Conductive Polymer Composites As Flow Field Plates in Redox Flow Batteries

Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are large-scale stationary energy storage technologies that are integrated with solar and wind power plants. Flow field plates guide the electrolyte inside the RFB and conduct electrons from the electrodes to the current collector; hence, designing thin, durable, and electrically conductive flow field plate benefits RFB performance.Bipolar graphite plates (BGPs) are traditionally used in RFBs due to their high electrical conductivity. However, BGPs are brittle, difficult to machine, and have high contact resistance with electrodes1-4. Hence, conductive polymer composites (CPCs) were proposed as alternatives. the CPCs are composed of one (or multiple) carbonous filler(s) and a durable polymer; the former provides the electrical conductivity, and the latter ensures mechanical flexibility and durability. Although many articles have explored this area1-12, a comprehensive study on the effect of size and shape of the carbonous fillers (majority and minority ones) is absent from the literature.Many methodologies to produce CPCs are proposed; however, most lead to polymer chain scission or non-homogeneous mixing of components. Solution blending of all components, casting the solution, drying, and hot pressing it afterwards (to ensure compactness) is one of the methodologies that avoids mentioned complications. Preliminary results with natural graphite flakes and PVDF-co-HFP utilizing this method showed very low conductivity (<0.1 S/cm). This result is attributed to the formation of a superficial polymer-rich layer, as shown in Fig. 1. Hence, producing CPCs either without hot pressing or utilizing surface treatments to remove the polymer-rich region are studied here. Additionally, this study focuses on understanding the effect of shape and size of the carbonous filler(s) within CPCs as flow field plates for RFBs.Fig. 1. SEM images of PVDF-co-HFP and graphite (50/50% wt/wt) distribution in CPCs produced by solution blend method. Before hot pressing the composites, the polymer was homogeneously blend with the graphite. However, an insulating polymer-rich layer was formed on the surface of the CPCs after hot pressing.

Hierarchical aggregation structure regulation and electromagnetic loss mechanism of cross-linked polyaniline in polymer wave absorbers

Frequency-specific electromagnetic wave absorbent materials are a key solution to the problem of multi-band electromagnetic pollution. Traditional absorbent materials often exhibit abrupt changes in electrical parameters due to factors such as threshold over-permeation. Few studies have established a strong correlation between the microscopic structure of these materials and their effective absorption frequency (EAF) ranges, making precise linear control difficult. Therefore, it is essential to explore new absorbent materials with adjustable structures closely linked to their electrical parameters. In this work, we focused on easily modifiable conductive polymer composites, producing a series of polymer-magnetic oxide absorbing materials with crosslinking degrees and magnetic properties that can be linearly adjusted. By optimizing their microstructure, we enhanced their impedance matching capabilities. Ultimately, we developed an efficient absorbent material with tunable absorption effects, specifically, the P-1.0Co3O4 sample achieved an effective absorption bandwidth of 6.64 GHz at a thickness of only 1.3 mm, with tunable EAF ranging from 10.9 GHz to 18.0 GHz. While full-band adjustability was not realized, this work provides significant theoretical guidance and engineering application value for developing band-specific absorbent materials.

Modeling Electrical Conductivity of Injection-Molded Polymer Composite Bipolar Plates

Bipolar plates can be responsible for up to 40% of the total stack cost and 80% of the weight of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell [1]. To reduce these cost and weight limitations, this work explores injection molding of polymer composites. Injection molding is well-suited for mass production and polymeric materials can significantly reduce the weight of traditional metallic bipolar plates. While polymers lack electrical conductivity, fillers can be added to fabricate conductive polymer composites. The main objective of this research is to model and injection mold polymer composites that will meet the United States Department of Energy technical target for bipolar plate electrical conductivity (> 100 S/cm).A fiber contact model was developed to predict electrical conductivity based upon direction in the material, fiber alignment, fiber length and diameter, fiber concentration, and fiber conductivity [2]. Fiber alignment was measured experimentally by imaging cross sections of injection-molded nylon/carbon fiber composites. Imaging was performed on samples with different weight percentages of carbon fiber and from different mold designs to compare how fiber angles change based on mold geometry. To reduce the significant time required to measure fiber angles experimentally, computer recognition and processing of fiber alignment was developed. Nylon composites were injection molded with carbon fiber loadings ranging from 5 to 40 wt%. Modeling predictions show good correlation within 20% of experimental conductivity measurements. Samples with at least 20 wt% carbon fiber exceeded the US DOE technical target for bipolar plate conductivity, reaching 250 S/cm. In addition to modeling electrical conductivity, the Halpin-Tsai equations are used to model the elastic modulus and ultimate strain of the polymer composite. Tensile testing showed that the modulus of elasticity increases with carbon fiber loadings up to 30 wt%, reaching 7.3 GPa. At loadings above 30 wt%, the higher filler content can create voids which decrease the modulus of elasticity. De Las Heras, A.; Vivas, F. J.; Segura, F.; Andujar, J. M., From the cell to the stack. A chronological walk through the techniques to manufacture the PEFCs core. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews 2018, 96, 29-45.Weber, M.; Kamal, M. R., Estimation of the volume resistivity of electrically conductive composites. Polymer Composites 1997, 18 (6), 711-725. Figure 1

MXene and Conducting Polymer Composites for Wearable Mask Sensors

Significant efforts have been dedicated to advancing wearable electronics, ranging from life-supporting gear for soldiers to trendy accessories like smartwatches. Miniature gas sensors integrated into wearable devices offer real-time atmospheric information, safeguarding individuals from potential health condition monitoring and early disease detection. For example, recent studies have focused on detecting COVID-19 through breath analysis, utilizing over 500 compounds in exhaled breath as biomarkers for disease and metabolic assessment. Of particular interest is CO2, a key greenhouse gas crucial for monitoring indoor air quality and respiratory health. Excessive indoor CO2 levels, primarily from human exhalation, elevate the risk of COVID-19 transmission via aerosols. Another example of a considerable gas species in exhaled breath can be ethanol, which could cause adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, skin allergies, low blood pressure, low blood sugar, and Parkinson's disease, seriously threatening human health and safety driving. Various techniques, including optical spectroscopy and gas chromatography, have been employed for gas detection, but they often suffer from drawbacks like bulkiness and high cost. Therefore, there is a strong need for developing detection devices that are affordable, portable, and wearable. Conducting polymers (CPs) show promise in constructing flexible gas sensors, but their limited response to diverse gases necessitates exploring hybridization with other nanomaterials to enhance sensing capabilities.In this study, two kinds of conducting polymers, including polyaniline (PANI) and polypyrrole (Ppy) were synthesized in a composite form with Ti3C2Tx MXene and deposited into polypropylene fiber-based disposable masks. The PANI-MXene composite gas sensor displayed a wide detection range, reliable reproducibility, long-term stability, and excellent flexibility and selectivity, a remarkable response (15.2%) towards 500 ppm CO2 gas, which is 6.5 times higher than pristine Ti3C2Tx and 2.4 times higher than pristine PANI. When Ppy is hybridized with Ti3C2Tx, the as-fabricated composites exhibited a rapid response/recovery speed, a good sensing response of 76.3 % toward 400 ppm ethanol, and an admirable theoretical limit of detection of 2.21 ppm. The outstanding sensing characteristics of the composite sensor are attributed to the abundant functional groups (e.g., amino groups in conducting polymers, terminal groups in Ti3C2Tx) and the formation of the Schottky junction between Ti3C2Tx and conducting polymers. Furthermore, a wearable wireless Bluetooth sensing device was developed for human breath monitoring, showcasing the potential of these MXene-CP composite sensors for respiratory disease diagnosis [1, 2]. The proposed gas sensing mechanism of the CP-based composites is also discussed in detail.

Safe and negligible-loss overcurrent protection: A novel macromolecular voltage stabilizer for conductive polymer composites

The balance between safety issues and low loads remains a major obstacle toward large-scale applications of conductive polymer composites (CPCs) based over-current protection. Elevating the conductive filler concentration in CPCs is a potential strategy to reduce initial resistivity for decreased load, but compromise positive temperature coefficient (PTC) performance and voltage breakdown strength. Here, a novel type of macromolecular voltage stabilizer is synthesized by fluorine rubber and ferrocene to optimize the comprehensive properties of CPCs with low resistivity. The voltage stabilizer provides CPCs with a high voltage breakdown strength of up to 54V with maintaining an extremely low initial resistivity. Such CPCs also have an enhanced PTC intensity, improved instability voltage threshold, suppressed NTC effect, and good reproducibility up on/off switching. Based on tunnel effect, these improved properties can be interpreted by the reduction of charge transfer impact on the degradation of the polymer matrix. This work suggests the great potential of using these unique additives and theoretical investigations for overcurrent protection or insulating material.

Enhanced thermal conductivity of photopolymerizable rubbery and glassy thiol-ene composites filled with hexagonal boron nitride

In this study, a facile and speedy method of making highly thermally conductive polymer composites containing hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) was demonstrated. Rubbery and glassy at room temperature thiol-ene based composites were fabricated by mechanical mixing of unmodified h-BN microparticles with different liquid thiol and ene monomers followed by UV-curing of the cast films. Thermal diffusivity of the composites was directly measured by a Light Flash Analyzer (LFA) while thermal conductivity calculated from thermal diffusivity, density, and thermal capacity at constant pressure. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the morphology of the composites, in particular, the particle orientation and spatial arrangement. Both rubbery and glassy thiol-ene based composites exhibited very high levels of thermal conductivity for the composites prepared via mechanical mixing. For instance, the thermal conductivity of the rubbery and glassy composites with 40 wt% of h-BN were 1.38 W/m·K and 0.74 W/m·K as compared to 0.19 W/m·K and 0.11 W/m·K for the unfilled networks, respectively. The thermal conductivity versus h-BN content experimental data were fit to the Nielsen model which showed a good agreement. But the only fitting parameter of the model, which is related to the particle aspect ratio, turned out to be greater than the calculated one based on the real dimensions of h-BN filler. The SEM data have shed light on this behavior. The h-BN phase was uniformly dispersed and mainly made of tiny aggregates in which the stacked platelets demonstrated one way sliding, like steps in a staircase, thus forming quasiparticles with an increased aspect ratio. The study also revealed the effect of h-BN particle size and processing conditions such as adding a small amount of solvent used to reduce viscosity of the thiol/ene/h-BN mixture prior to photopolymerization on the thermal conductivity of the composites.

Densifying Conduction Networks of Vertically Aligned Carbon Fiber Arrays with Secondary Graphene Networks for Highly Thermally Conductive Polymer Composites

AbstractThermally conductive polymer composites hold great potential for thermal management applications in the electronics industry, but achieving metal‐like thermal conductivity (&gt;200 W m−1 K−1) remains challenging due to the inevitable phonon scattering and the thermal resistance at filler‐filler and filler‐matrix interfaces. Herein, an efficient approach is presented to overcome this long‐standing barrier by designing a densified interconnecting filler framework, featuring a macro‐level carbon fiber (CF) array welded with a high‐quality, self‐assembled graphene network. In this framework, vertically aligned continuous CFs function as primary through‐plane thermal conduction paths, minimizing phonon scattering and thermal resistance. Meanwhile, the secondary graphene network interconnects the CFs into a more integrated and densified framework while introducing supplementary thermal conduction paths. Following polymer backfilling, the resulting epoxy nanocomposite exhibits an unprecedented through‐plane thermal conductivity of 262 W m−1 K−1 at a filler loading of 23.3 vol%, establishing a new benchmark among the thermally conducting polymer composites. When employed as a thermal interface material, this composite offers a 68.2% enhancement in cooling efficiency compared to standard commercial counterparts. Furthermore, the functional composite presents excellent Joule heating and interfacial adhesion properties, making it promising for thermal interface healing and multifunctional thermal management applications in complex environments.

A novel melt extrusion method for efficient and large-scale in-situ exfoliation of boron nitride to prepare high performance thermal conductive polymer composite

The polymer/hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) thermal conductive composite an excellent candidate for thermal management materials due to its insulation properties. However, it is a challenge to achieve efficient large-scale exfoliation of h-BN through melt blending to balance thermal conductivity and mechanical properties. In this work, an innovative melt mixing strategy using the co-rotating non-twin screw extruder (NTSE) was developed to prepare the high-density polyethylene (HDPE)/h-BN composites with excellent overall performance. The results were well compared with those of conventional twin screw extruder (TSE). The NTSE triggers chaotic mixing and provides a strong elongation flow field capable of h-BN efficiently exfoliating into a few layers, while simultaneously ensuring uniform dispersion and distribution within HDPE. The in-plane thermal conductivity and elongation at break of the NTSE composite with 10 wt% h-BN addition were 7.63 W∙m−1 K−1 and 653.1 %, which were 74.7 % and 70.3 % higher than those prepared by TSE, while the enhancement rates rose to 174.6 % and 74.4 % when 30 wt% h-BN was added, respectively. The in-plane thermal conductivity enhancement ratio of NTSE was more than 3000 % when the h-BN content was higher than 10 wt%. Besides, the thermal stability, crystallinity, and thermal diffusion of the NTSE composites were also enhanced to different degrees. This strategy is efficient to coordinating the conflicting between the comprehensive performance and large-scale preparation of thermally conductive polymer composites.

Discussion on the thermal conductive network threshold of Al2O3/Co-continuous phase polymer composites

Achieving high thermal conductivity in polymer composites with micro or nanoparticle fillers are challenging. Typically, over 50 ​vol% filler loading is necessary to form a thermal conductive network. However, even with such a network in place, the increase in thermal conductivity may not be significant compared to that in electrically conductive composites. To clarify the ideal filler network structure, we endeavored to selectively disperse nano-sized Al₂O₃ nanoparticles at the interface of co-continuous SEBS/PA6 blends, with and without various filler surface modification methods. A thermal conductive network forms when all interface areas are fully covered by 2.56 ​vol% of Al2O3 nanoparticles (very close to theoretical loading content 2.29 ​vol%). In this case, the Al2O3 nanoparticle has the highest thermal conductive contribution (TCC). However, the absolute TCC values are extremely low because of the interfacial thermal resistance and it will decrease when the filler content exceeds 2.56 ​vol%, indicating that some nanoparticles are dispersed separately out of the existed thermal conductive network. These findings suggest that the construction of a connected thermal conductive network, relatively lower interfacial thermal resistance and the precise positioning of fillers within this network are essential for achieving high thermal conductivity composites.

Effect of Rheological on the Physical and Electrical Properties of Extruded Micro Carbon -LLDPE Composites

This study focuses on formulating and optimizing a conductive polymer composite (CPC) material tailored for electromechanical applications. Linear Low-Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) polymer and micro carbon particles derived from rice husk were compounded using a hot compaction process and melt blended through a single-screw extrusion machine. A mix of 50% loading of microcarbon particles was used in this research. It was determined that the experiment was successfully conducted, resulting in a stabilized density of approximately 1 g/cm³. The research demonstrates how the prototype Extruder Head effectively stabilizes the density of composites. Electrical conductivity demonstrated a notable increase in conductivity toward higher density. These findings underscore the successful development of a CPC material with improved electrical conductivity, making it a highly suitable tool for high carbon-loading composite material.

Investigating Conductive Polymer Composites Developed Using Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene/Graphene/Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes for Effective Thermal Management

Investigating Conductive Polymer Composites Developed Using Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene/Graphene/Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes for Effective Thermal Management

Development and Perspectives of Biobased Thermal Conductive Polymer Composites

Development and Perspectives of Biobased Thermal Conductive Polymer Composites