Wartime Conditions Research Articles

Development of the consulting services market in Ukraine amid contemporary changes

The article examines the peculiarities of the consulting services market in Ukraine amid wartime conditions, as well as the influence of external and internal factors on the development of the consulting services market in Ukraine. Additionally, the authors analyze key indicators of the Ukrainian consulting services market based on statistical data and conduct a detailed investigation into how full-scale war affects its development. The article also assesses the business environment's response to unstable conditions, including companies' financial reserves, cost optimization, and management strategies. Special attention is given to the impact of war on the demand and supply of consulting services. It investigates which market segments suffered the most due to the war, how the structure of client requests has changed, and what new requirements have emerged for consulting services. The article thoroughly analyzes the influence of supply and demand factors on the functioning of the consulting services market in Ukraine, based on statistical data, key operational aspects, and regulatory frameworks. It examines the size and main characteristics of the consulting services market, delving into its structure and key participants. Particular focus is placed on evaluating trends in the industry's development and identifying factors affecting its effectiveness. The research employs various methods, including statistical data analysis, expert surveys, and comparative analysis with macroeconomic indicators. Specifically, the study aims to determine the interrelation between the development of the consulting market and economic processes in Ukraine. Based on the findings, patterns of development in the Ukrainian consulting services market are identified, recommendations for strategic planning and improvement of this sector are formulated, and a forecast for its development is constructed. The conclusions of the study may be valuable for professionals interested in the consulting services market in Ukraine, as well as for businesses and governmental entities involved in regulating this industry.

Посилення мотивації персоналу як фактор конкурентоспроможності підприємства

The aim of the article is to study the theoretical and applied aspects of the functioning of the system of motivation of staff on the example of a production enterprise and to outline the directions of its improvement in the context of increasing the competitiveness of enterprise. The article analyzes the current state of staff motivation on the example of a leading Ukrainian company specializing in the trade of furniture components and accessories. In the course of the analysis, it has been found that over the past three years, the motivational system of enterprise has remained sufficiently balanced and generally satisfies the basic needs of employees. The company uses a wide range of financial motivation instruments, which includes competitive wages, a bonus system, providing production personnel with summer and winter overalls, paying for mobile communications, compensation for fuel costs when using own cars for work purposes, etc. Common measures of non-financial motivation of production enterprises are the functioning of corporate universities and libraries, career development of employees, support for employees serving in the Armed Forces of Ukraine, sports events, and so on. Despite a fairly effective system of motivation, some of its weaknesses have been identified as follows: in particular, a low share of additional wages, an insufficiently competitive social package of the company, which contains only basic elements, imperfection of non-material motivation, insufficient individualization of motivation, etc. In modern wartime conditions, measures to improve non-financial motivation can become effective motivation instruments, such as: the introduction of the «Best Employee of the Month / Quarter / Year» programs, recognition of employees’ merits by awarding certificates of honor, letters of gratitude, valuable gifts, holding rallying events, creating a psychological service to support the mental health of staff.

УКРАЇНСЬКІ КОЛЯДКИ ІНТЕРНЕТ-СЕГМЕНТУ 2022–2023 РОКІВ: ТРАНСМІСІЯ ТРАДИЦІЙНИХ СМИСЛІВ

Background. Investigated here are the carols that appear in the Internet segment in December 2022 – January 2023 during the full-scale russian-Ukrainian war as a reaction to massive russian missile attacks on the territory of Ukraine. It is noted that the appearance of such texts at the same time caused a discussion among users of social networks, about whether these carols have something in common with "traditional" carols, which were the focus of attention of Ukrainian scientists, in particular: P. Chubynskyi, V. Hnatiuk, I. Franko, F. Kolessa, M. Drahomanov and others. By the way, the problem of belonging of texts that are distributed in social networks to folklore is discussive among the professional community. The issue of fixing such texts is also very actual. The authors agree with the opinion of V. Hnatiuk, expressed in the article "War and Folk Poetry", about the necessity to pay close attention to the folk creativity caused by the war, and to record the texts that appeared during the war. Accordingly, the aim of the article is to analyze the texts of Christmas carols distributed in social networks in the winter of 2022–2023, to reveal the degree of their folklore character, to compare them with the texts of calendar-ritual texts recorded by Ya. Holovatskyi, V. Hnatiuk, I. Franko, P. Chubynskyi, Olena Pchilka or taken from the Digital Archive of Folklore of Slobozhanshchyna and Poltavashchyna (https://www.folklore.kh.ua/), and to observe their common and distinctive features. The object of this article are the texts recorded by the authors in social networks "Facebook", "Telegram", "Twitter", "Instagram" during December 2022 – January 2023. The subject of the research is the genre, thematic and functional features of the analyzed texts. Меthods. In preparing this publication, general scientific and specifically folkloristic research methods were used, in particular, the method of systematic analysis, comparative, historical-genetic, and historical-chronological. Results. Therefore, two groups of studied carols are distinguished: parody carols (on the popular motif "Good evening to you, Mr. Master") and so-called children's carols, which in wartime conditions arise in an adult environment taking into account extratextual reality. Conclusions. It is shown that the researched carols are based on ancient texts, at the same time they retain their formula, but they are supplemented with new folklore meanings. It is emphasized that such texts perform various functions, the most important of which are informative, creative-expressive, ethno-unifying, the function of documenting events and, above all, psychotherapeutic. Attention is also drawn to two types of transmission: vertical and indirect.

СТРАТЕГІЇ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ ТОРГІВЛІ

The article considers the state of development of trade enterprises. The essence of development strategies of trade enterprises is revealed. It has been found that under the influence of various internal and external factors the situation in the trade market is constantly changing. The high degree of intensity of competition and the large number of foreign producers in the market raise the issue of improving the company’s operations and developing strategic directions for its development. This, in turn, leads to the need to constantly monitor the competitive position of the enterprise in the market environment, which determines the strategy of behavior being developed in the market. Thus, the assessment of the competitive position of an enterprise is one of the most important points that determines the success of its work. The relevance of the analyzed topic is that successful business is impossible to imagine without well-built business processes that set the necessary pace of enterprise development. Business processes are defined in order to identify a promising direction of development that solves the problems of the organization: competitiveness, market position, production, profit, etc.Under such conditions, the need to conduct new research, identify shortcomings and ways to overcome them becomes particularly relevant, given the importance and impact of the trade market on the development of the Ukrainian economy as a whole. The article establishes that in difficult wartime conditions in Ukraine, trade enterprises play an important role in ensuring the livelihood of the population and the military. The author analyzes the process of trade as an important sales channel for enterprises producing goods and services, as well as an opportunity for business development, creation of new jobs, increase in production and economic growth. Trade is an important sales channel for enterprises producing goods and services, as well as promoting business development, creating new jobs, increasing production and economic growth.

LEGAL-STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONING OF CIVIL SOCIETY INSTITUTIONS IN THE FIELD OF CIVIL PROTECTION IN WARTIME CONDITIONS - EXAMPLE OF UKRAINE

The article analyzed the issue of the functioning of civil society institutions in the provision of civilian protection under wartime conditions. The authors focused their considerations primarily on the legal-structural dimension of the activities of security actors responsible for this task dimension, as well as the interaction of civil society institutions and the state in the direction of civilian protection . In such a problem-oriented approach, the organization of evacuation of civilians, documentation of war crimes, provision of legal aid and information, influence on the formation of state policy, social control, volunteer movement and humanitarian aid become particularly important. Interesting conclusions on the considered issue of civil protection both in terms of the existing legislation that regulates the sphere of activity of civil society institutions in the direction of ensuring the civilian security of the population, as well as the mechanisms of interaction between civil society institutions and state bodies come from the war-covered Ukraine

JOHN HOLT'S IDEAS IN CONTEXT OF HOME EDUCATION OF UKRAINIAN CHILDREN UNDER WARTIME CONDITIONS

Aim: To define J. Holt’s ideas in the context of home education of children under wartime conditions. Methods: To achieve the goal, mainly theoretical research methods were used: the biograph-ical method for determining the main periods of J. Holt’s life, his professional and pedagogi-cal development; content analysis of J. Holt’s pedagogical heritage, study of the works of domestic and foreign researchers, analysis, synthesis, classification and generalization of facts regarding the genesis of J. Holt’s ideas about teacher’s pedagogical mastery; the meth-od of scientific extrapolation, which made it possible to determine the spread of J. Holt’s ideas in the world pedagogical space; and the method of pedagogical transformation for clarifying the possibilities of applying his pedagogical ideas in home education of Ukrainian refugees.Results: In his works, J. Holt focused attention on the study of thinking, cognitive interests, speech, during learning to read, and mathematics of elementary school children. It is worth emphasizing that the legacy of J. Holt is relevant in the context of home education of children of Ukrainian refugees in Poland. We have singled out the educator’s ideas that contain valu-able advice for teachers, parents, and guardians who aim to teach children at home.Conclusions: J. Holt’s ideas do not lose their relevance, they are predictive in nature, and his works are the subject of deep interest not only for professionals, but also for all those who are not indifferent to the problems of implementing home education, which is rapidly spreading in the global pedagogical space.

MODERN CONCEPTS OF VOCATIONAL EDUCATION TEACHER TRAINING: PEDAGOGICAL SUPPORT AND FACILITATION

In the study, taking into account the current circumstances of ensuring the effectiveness and quality of future teacher training of the country’s professional council system in wartime conditions, the emphasis is on the well-known but insufficiently implemented concepts of pedagogical support and facilitation, which ensure the orientation of the training process to the realization of the individual potential of each student, his independence, aspirations to self-improvement in the chosen profession throughout life.
 The purpose of the article is the theoretical search, systematization, and characterization of external and internal conditions for the implementation of the concepts of pedagogical support and facilitation in the process of professional future vocational education teacher training in Ukrainian higher education institutions. These conditions include the following: personal knowledge, practical experience of humane interaction, subjective experience of an individual, and students’ social and cognitive activities. The external conditions of the process of training future teachers for the manifestation of pedagogical support include the content of training, which involves knowledge of existential security, humanistic foundations of educational sciences and psychology; the organization of the educational process focused on the usage of interactive and personally relevant technologies that model the social and subject content of future professional activity; creation of dialogic interaction between the teacher and students, which is based on orientation to the personality of each future vocational education teacher.
 It emphasizes the need to instruct the methodological and theoretical foundations of the introduction of modern concepts of future vocational education teacher training at the master’s level of ethical, existential, and ontological aspects of content and professional activity; these aspects are classified as promising areas of research.

THE KEY COMPETENCES OF ECONOMICS COLLEGE TEACHER AS THE BASIS FOR THEIR RESILIENCE DEVELOPMENT

The possibilities of the author’s professional development courses “Technologies of Effective Pedagogical Communication, Psychodiagnostics and Provision of Psychological Support to Participants of the Educational Process in Institutions of Professional Pre-Higher Education” for the development of the resilience of economic college teachers in war conditions based on their key competencies, in particular personal, social and educational competence, are considered. The experience of the Poltava Academy of Continuing Education named after M. V. Ostrogradskyi to fulfill the requirement of the Ministry of Education and Culture of Ukraine to ensure that teachers pass advanced training courses to improve their knowledge, skills, and practical skills to provide psychological support to participants in the educational process in wartime conditions is shown.
 The article outlines the essence of the following terms: “key competencies” (necessary for the growth of a person’s personal potential and development, expansion of his opportunities for employment, social integration, active citizenship), “personal, social and educational competence” (the ability to be aware of one’s own internal states, effectively manage time and information, work constructively with other people, remain stable and manage one's own education and career), “resilience” (a dynamic, complex, multidimensional set of characteristics personality, its ability to resist and adapt to adverse and traumatic events), “resilience” (the ability of an individual to withstand the difficulties of life, quickly recover, successfully adapt in adverse circumstances, a dynamic personality property that can and should be developed, although it is innate).
 Resilience is considered as a) a concept; b) a process; c) a result; and also as a) personality quality (ability to overcome stress); b) a coping process (psychological strategy and method of overcoming a stressful situation); c) adaptive protective mechanism of the individual (allows to adapt after mental trauma or resist stress). The components of the resilience of economic college teachers are determined – adaptability, stability, hope, optimism. The expediency of following the self-help rules and advice for the development of the teacher’s resilience in the conditions of war, which are used in professional development courses, is substantiated.
 The methodological principles of conducting professional development courses for the development of economic college teachers’ resilience in the conditions of war based on their key competencies (in particular, personal, social, and educational competence) are singled out. They are the following: a) continuity; b) science; c) visibility; d) objectivity; e) developmental training; f) democratization; g) self-development of the individual; h) psychological support.

Стан загального імунітету в породілей із гнійними ранами під час воєнних дій

Purpose - to study the immune status of women giving birth with an infection of an obstetric surgical wound in the conditions of war, which will make it possible to develop and implement a pathogenetically justified method of wound infection therapy in the postpartum period. Materials and methods. We studied the immune status of 66 women in labor with an infection of an obstetric surgical wound in the conditions of war from February 24, 2022 and compared it with the indicators of general immunity of 76 women in labor with an infection of an obstetric surgical wound in peacetime. The material for the study of general immunity was peripheral blood, which was taken from the moment of infection of the obstetric surgical wound. To assess the state of general immunity, the total number of T lymphocytes (CD3+), their immunoregulatory subpopulations - T helpers/inducers (CD4+) and T suppressors/killers (CD8+), the number of B lymphocytes (CD22+), NK cells (CD16+) were counted), the immunoregulatory index (CD4+/CD8+) was calculated, the concentration of circulating immune complexes and immunoglobulins of classes A, M, G, phagocytic index and phagocytic number were determined. Statistical data processing was carried out using the package of application programs Microsoft Excel 5.0 and using the standard version Statistica 8.0. The difference in indicators was considered statistically significant at Р<0.05. Results. In women in labor with purulent wounds under the conditions of war under stressful conditions, there is a greater suppression of systemic immunity than in women in labor with this pathology in peacetime, which was manifested by T lymphopenia (decrease in CD3+ by 1.4 times, decrease in the level of T cells with helper activity (CD4+) by 1.2 times, immunoregulatory index (Tx/Tc) by 1.3 times), a decrease in the number of B lymphocytes (CD22+) and NK cells (CD16+) by an average of 1.2 times, a decrease indicators of immunoglobulins of classes A, M, G by an average of 1.3 times, phagocytic index) and phagocytic number relatively by 1.3 and 1.6 times, which led to an increase in the level of circulating immune complexes by 1.1 times. The absence of a significant difference between indicators of general immunity in parturient women with purulent wounds of the perineum and anterior abdominal wall was confirmed, which confirms the established doctrine that wounds of different localizations heal according to general laws and the body, namely the immune system, reacts equally to the wound process of any localization. Conclusions. When prescribing the treatment of an infection of an obstetric surgical wound, do not take into account the localization of the wound, since wounds of different localizations heal according to general laws and the immune system reacts in the same way. In women in labor with purulent wounds in wartime conditions, under stress, there is more suppression of systemic immunity than in women in labor with an infection of an obstetric surgical wound in peacetime, which increases the development and spread of the purulent-inflammatory process, increases the risk of severe septic complications, which leads to the development and implementation of a pathogenetically justified method of therapy of obstetric surgical wound infection in wartime conditions. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

Problems of determining the borrower's creditworthiness

This article addresses the challenges associated with determining the borrower's creditworthiness. The authors define the borrower's creditworthiness as the ability to timely and fully meet debt obligations to the lender. This determination is based on an evaluation of the borrower's financial condition, forecast of business development, and other factors influencing the ability to repay the loan.
 The authors identify internal and external factors affecting the creditworthiness of borrowers in Ukraine. Internal factors include the economic situation, regulatory policies, credit history, credit rating, and a lack of financial literacy. External factors encompass the global economic situation and the political climate.
 The article also discusses challenges in determining the borrower's creditworthiness during times of war. The authors note that creditworthiness can sharply decrease during such periods due to factors such as reduced income, increased costs, decreased demand for goods and services, and an unstable economic situation.
 To address these challenges during wartime, the authors propose the following recommendations:
 
 Widespread use of artificial intelligence: AI enables the consideration of more factors affecting the borrower's creditworthiness and the adaptation of credit scoring models to changes in the economic situation.
 Expansion of data on the borrower's financial condition: Financial institutions should utilize more data sources, including unstructured data such as social media and behavioral data, to assess the borrower's financial condition.
 Development of new methods for assessing creditworthiness: Financial institutions should create new methods that account for the specific conditions of wartime.
 Establishment of cooperation between financial institutions and government agencies: This collaboration will provide additional data on the financial condition of borrowers, offering financial institutions a more comprehensive view.
 Promotion of financial literacy among the population: Improving financial literacy will empower borrowers to better understand their financial obligations and make more informed lending decisions.
 
 Implementing these recommendations will enable financial institutions to enhance the accuracy of creditworthiness assessments and, consequently, reduce credit risks during times of war.

Forms of regulatory regulation to ensure tactical literacy of official combat missions by personnel of the National Police of Ukraine

In the article, the author examines the legislative provisions regarding the tactical competence of the National Police of Ukraine during the performance of their official and combat tasks, including combat training of personnel during a state of war. Specifically, attention has been given to the origins of some fundamental concepts in their work, the authority to ensure and implement measures of the legal framework during a state of war, the performance of official duties, and the execution of combat tasks by police officers.
 The research's scientific novelty lies in the in­depth theoretical study of the legal aspects of tactical competence of National Police officers while carrying out their official and combat duties. The performance of police services during times of war, emergencies, or other critical situations necessitates specific competencies, skills, and character traits for police personnel. Key requirements for police officers include the ability to make rapid decisions in critical situations, act while considering all circumstances, possess a basic level of military training and skills to effectively cooperate with military units and other law enforcement agencies during a state of war, take responsibility for organizing and providing humanitarian aid to civilians, including evacuation and first aid, as well as ensuring the preservation of the rights and freedoms of citizens, even in wartime conditions, avoiding excessive use of force, and regulating their activities in accordance with the law.
 The research underscores the importance of utilizing the appropriate competencies, skills, and character traits for the successful execution of tasks by police officers in times of war, emergency situations, and other critical circumstances.

Fire training of cadets of the Military Academy with specific conditions of training under martial law

The activity of law enforcement officers in the National Police entails significant responsibility, requiring them to be highly disciplined and knowledgeable in their work, guided solely by the Constitution of Ukraine and Ukrainian legislation. Human life, honor, and dignity are the most valuable assets in our state. To ensure law and order and protect the lives and health of the population, law enforcement officers undergo relevant training in firearms, tactical, and psychological readiness. Knowledge of firearms training is essential, as when using firearms, a police officer must be well- versed not only in the technical aspects of weapons but also in the legal framework that governs the use of firearms.
 Firearms training in the police is designed to enhance the skills and resilience of cadets in shooting, increase their attentiveness and vigilance, and elevate their level of discipline. Equipped with these skills, cadets can confidently perform their duties, responding promptly to changing situations and fulfilling their professional obligations. In order to learn how to work with firearms, cadets must also acquire skills in tactical and special operations, practicing in creating optimal shooting positions, analyzing and assessing the terrain, conducting shooting, and making quick decisions. Cadets must have a clear understanding of when the use of force is permissible, anticipate the potential consequences, and know how to report the use of firearms to their superiors.
 Although firearms training in the National Police demands a comprehensive set of knowledge and skills, it is of paramount importance, considering that every police officer risks their life in the line of duty to protect the community and its citizens. A well-prepared police officer is the key to successful crime prevention and the preservation of public safety. Therefore, firearms training for cadets in the police is an essential element that ensures the safety of urban residents and fosters proficiency in police operations. Discipline in firearms training is a fundamental aspect of education in institutions of higher learning with specific training conditions. This work emphasizes the significance of this subject overall and the peculiarities of such training in wartime conditions.

A MULTI-PERSPECTIVE VIEW ON THE CONCEPT OF SOCIAL PROTECTION AND THE ROLE OF SOCIAL WORK IN (NOT ONLY) WARTIME CONDITIONS

The purpose of this article is to explore the multifaceted dimensions of the concept of social protection and the role of social work in (not only) wartime conditions. This is necessary, because social workers are often acting “helpless” confronted with massive global crises or even wars or war-like conditions. This article tries to sharpen the possible role and position of social work and with this the expectations on the discipline and profession of social work. To reach this, this article wants to shed light on the subject and the understanding of “crisis” and the different perspectives surrounding the interdisciplinary and multi perspective concepts of social protection, social support, and resilience. This perspective allows to a better understanding of the underlying principles, challenges and potential solutions related to social protection in times of crisis. In times of crisis, ensuring social protection and social support becomes an urgent priority for affected populations and even individuals. Social protection encompasses a wide range of measures designed to protect individuals and communities from the adverse effects of crises and to provide them with the necessary resources and assistance to cope with the challenges they face. This article is on the one side a s theoretical examination of the key terms. On the other hand directly affected people have their say: The co-author as a Ukrainian narrates her migration experiences and the results of a student - peer project with affected refugees from Ukraine in Eastern Switzerland are presented. The results are concrete and surprise at some points and sharpen the task and role of social work: First, feeling safe and getting (social) support and psychological assistance in the trauma and war situation is much important even to feel welcome and resurrected. But then mobility, networks, and the change to support their families, relatives and friends at home have a great importance. It is also very important to be able to travel to Ukraine (home) from time to time and to be able to return to the host country. The task of social work is a very special one: It is not primarily the role of the benefactor and care giver, but of the professional who makes things possible and supports and empowers the people who feel it. The article also makes clear, that a one-dimensional and static understanding of crisis, flight, migration and needs no longer works in today's world global situations and crisis. Keywords: Social work, social protection, social support, crises, war in Ukraine, Ukrainian refugees, needs

INSTITUTIONAL ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC FOUNDATIONS OF BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT BASED ON INTEGRATION AND COOPERATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF MARTIAL STATE

The article reveals the institutional, organizational and economic foundations of entrepreneurship development based on integration and cooperation in wartime conditions. The theoretical and methodological foundations of integration-cooperative relations in the agrarian sphere and modern practices of integrated structures te formation and functioning are analyzed. The main essential characteristics of the main types of integration are considered, with the definition of the main economic interests, which are stimulating factors of the institutional ability to realize the potential of combining economic and social capabilities of entrepreneurs in the agrarian sector of the national economy. The main problems of the development of agrarian entrepreneurship in the conditions of Russian military aggression are determined, with an assessment of the role of integration processes in overcoming negative phenomena. Conceptual assessments of the development of entrepreneurship with using of the cooperation mechanism to strengthen institutional capacities of the effective functioning of the agrarian sector of the Ukrainian economy in wartime conditions have been updated. The main trends of state support for the development of entrepreneurship in agriculture are characterized and the priority directions of state influence to strengthen the economic positions of small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises are determined. Methods used: monographic, comparative, expert assessment. Organizational and economic trends were identified and institutional dynamics of entrepreneurship development based on cooperation and integration under the influence of wartime risks were established. Keywords: entrepreneurship, integration, cooperation, agricultural sector, regulation

RATIONAL USE OF AGRICULTURAL LANDS FOR FOOD PRODUCTION IN TRANSCARPATTIA

The issue of assessing the use of agricultural land in Zakarpattia Oblast and the rationale for food production on agricultural lands was considered. The state is introducing changes to land legislation that prioritize state interests over the interests of private individuals in wartime conditions. Food security is one of the priority tasks of the state. Keywords: Agriculture, agricultural land, rational use, food production in Zakarpattia region, forms of economic activity

Local food policy: implementation of food initiatives from the national level to the level of territorial communities of Kharkiv region

The article is devoted to the analysis of food policy in the Kharkiv region. In addition, the article examines certain aspects of the national policy aimed at preventing the food crisis in the conditions of war. The author briefly examines the main problems and challenges faced by agriculture and the food sector in wartime conditions. The article highlights the main measures aimed at ensuring equal access to food products in wartime and the steps taken for this purpose at different levels: national, regional and in individual communities of the Kharkiv region. In more detail, the article examines the role of local authorities and public initiatives in improving food policy, as they allow not only to ensure food security, but also to involve internally displaced persons in economic activities. The author states that the prospects of food policy in the Kharkiv region are dependent on many factors, in addition to the actual course of the military conflict. The article concludes about the special importance of the following factors: strengthening the defense capability and security of agricultural facilities, transport routes; increasing the efficiency and transparency of the mechanisms of state regulation of food prices, control over the quality and safety of food products, prevention of speculation and abuse; expanding the scope and variety of state support to national food producers; development of international cooperation and integration into the European and world market; support and development of public organizations, volunteer movement, social entrepreneurship, local initiatives and projects that contribute to the provision of food and support to the needy; raising the level of education, culture, awareness and responsibility of the population regarding food security.

Innovative approaches to the education of students of technical specialties in the conditions of war in Ukraine

Problem. The military aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine became a challenge to the very existence of the state, its sovereignty and collegiality, and also severely affected all components of education. There was a significant threat to the life and health of the participants of the educational process, large-scale destruction of the educational infrastructure took place, which caused the forced large-scale movement of participants in the educational process within Ukraine and abroad, and led to the deterioration of the provision of educational services and the acquisition of knowledge by those seeking education. This especially applies to specialties of the practical direction. Goal. The aim of this work is to find ways to address the issue of educating Ukrainian students in technical specialties during times of war, to ensure safety, and improve the quality of educational services. Methodology. The study involves analytical research on laboratory and practical work in the context of distance learning. It includes detailed analysis the existing experience of remote performance of laboratory work and the possibilities of their use in the educational process of Ukrainian universities under the conditions of war was conducted. Results. The search for ways to borrow existing experience in the remote execution of laboratory work and the possibilities of their use in the educational process of Ukrainian universities in wartime conditions showed that it is advisable to implement them using the laboratory of digital remote electrical engineering education “My Digital Electrical Engineering”, developed by Riga Technical University. The structure of this laboratory and the algorithm for working with it have been studied. Originality. A step-by-step algorithm for introducing the laboratory of digital distance electrical engineering education into the educational process of KhNADU is proposed. Practical value. The results of this study can be used to enhance the process of distance learning in technical universities of Ukraine during times of war, ensuring safety and improving the quality of educational services.

Peculiarities of truck transportation in wartime conditions

Purpose. To identify the peculiarities and problems of automobile transport (AT) in the war conditions (WC) in Ukraine. To propose ways to solve the mentioned problems, to eliminate reasons that lead to an increase in the risks for AT. To develop a mathematical model for optimization of transportation by AT under unclear military risks. Methodology. The method of abstract-logical analysis made it possible to establish peculiarities and problems of AT in WC and propose ways to solve these problems, to eliminate the causes that lead to increase in risks of AT. The method of analysis and synthesis is used to determine the circumstances of the narrowing of the influence of institutional approaches on the optimization of AT and to propose a combination of direct and indirect institutional influence. The method of comparative analysis finds that the unevenness of risks on transport routes leads to the imbalance of transportation and proposes measures to reduce the level of imbalance, to approach optimal results as well as proposes the formation of multi-stage transportation, which will ensure the variability of transport chains due to fragmentation and an increase in the level of organization of transport networks. Mathematical methods were applied to develop a model for optimization of AT in WC. Findings. The key tasks of building a strategy of a highly adaptive transport system were formulated and its peculiarities were indicated. Circumstances of narrowing the influence of institutional approaches to AT in WC were established and a combination of direct and indirect institutional influence was proposed, which will be based on the developed mathematical model. It is established that unevenness of risks on transport routes leads to imbalance of transportation and measures to reduce the imbalance are proposed. The formation of multi-stage transportation is proposed for variability of transport chains, organization of transport networks and ensuring the reliability of AT. Originality. To take into account risks with a significant level of uncertainty, a strategy for building a highly adaptive transport system was proposed, and a mathematical model for optimization of AT in the presence of uncertain military risks was developed. Practical values. The peculiarities and problems of AT in the conditions of the war in Ukraine are given. Ways to solve the mentioned problems, to eliminate the causes that lead to increase in risks for AT are proposed.

Information and Communication Activities of Ukrainian Libraries in the Conditions of War

The purpose of the article is to comprehensively investigate the essence of information and communication activities of libraries in the conditions of the war between Russia and Ukraine and to determine the role of communication strategies in the implementation of their main tasks. The research methodology is based on systemic and value approaches, with the use of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, abstraction, generalisation, and others) and special methods determined by the multidisciplinary informational, communicative and socio-cultural research paradigm, which made it possible to comprehensively consider the specified problem and obtain appropriate results. The scientific novelty consists in understanding the general features of the library industry in the conditions of war. Conclusions. Library activity is one of the most important aspects of the functioning of the information and communication sphere of Ukraine, which intensified its activities during the war in order to improve the interaction between libraries and users. It has been proven that libraries in the information and communication space in wartime have undergone a process of transformation from a traditional environment to a social platform capable of resisting informational, cultural, and psychological influences of the enemy. It is noted that one of the effective strategic directions of its information and communication activities is the expansion of access to information for the audience of users both in Ukraine and abroad, and those who are in the occupied territory. Mass events aimed at supporting young people and pensioners are held; cooperation with volunteer and public organisations; work aimed at helping the Armed Forces of Ukraine and internally displaced persons; provision of information support; participation in charity events. It is emphasised that the information and communication activity of Ukrainian libraries in war conditions acquires special importance and functions on the principle of humanity, which is applied during armed conflicts and is closely related to related fields of international law reflected in national legislation. It is obvious that in wartime, libraries are almost the only social platforms for the promotion of education, legal education and upbringing in territorial communities. The war also activated new forms and methods of educational and explanatory work, the popularisation of library services that reflect the specific requests of users and meet the needs of the local population and the requirements of today. All this is an important indicator of the effectiveness and attractiveness of libraries as an informational and communicative multidisciplinary social platform in wartime conditions. Keywords: library, librarian, reader, information and communication activities of libraries, communication strategies, information and communication centre, library services, war.

Основні групи населення, які потребують соціального захисту в умовах воєнного стану

In the contemporary geopolitical context, Ukraine faces unprecedented challenges that demand specific approaches to the social protection of the most vulnerable population groups under wartime conditions. This article addresses the key aspects of legal and social assistance to three primary categories: internally displaced persons (IDPs) and refugees, war veterans and combat participants, and families of those killed in combat. IDPs and refugees encounter numerous legal and social challenges, ranging from basic bureaucratic obstacles in accessing social services to issues with labor market entry. War veterans and combat participants require comprehensive support, encompassing medical rehabilitation, psychological aid, and social adaptation. Families of the deceased face the harsh reality of loss, necessitating not only moral but also financial assistance. Analyzing these issues within a legal framework will promote a better understanding and an effective response to them.