Transport Conditions Research Articles

The Role of Financial Rations on Financial Distress Conditions in Transportation and Logistics Sector Companies at Indonesian Sharia Stock Index

Financial distress as an early warning signal of conditions that can lead to bankruptcy of a company. This study aims to examine the effect of financial ratios, namely liquidity, profitability, solvency, and activity on the financial distress of a company. The type of data used in this study is secondary data sourced from financial reports available at www.idx.com. The sample selection method is carried out by purposive sampling. The sample in this study was 44 Transportation and Logistics companies listed on the Indonesian Sharia Stock Index during the 2020-2023 period. The data testing tool used is multiple linear regression. The results of the F test analysis show that simultaneously, the variables of liquidity, profitability, solvency and activity have a significant effect on financial distress. Meanwhile, the results of the T test show that the variables of liquidity, profitability, solvency and activity have a significant effect on financial distress.

Effects of Density Stress During Transportation on the Antioxidant Activity and Immuno-Related Gene Expression in Yellowfin Seabream (Acanthopagrus latus Houttuyn, 1782).

Background/Objectives: Maintaining an optimum transport density is essential for protecting water quality, lowering stress levels, and increasing fish survival rates. Transporting marine fish fry involves major dangers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of transport stress at varying densities on the immune-related gene expression, antioxidant capacity, and survival rate of yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) fry. Methods: A 12 h simulated transport experiment was conducted with A. latus fry divided into six density groups. For 1-2 cm fry, densities of 900, 1200, and 1500 fry per pouch were used to assess antioxidant enzyme activity; and for 4-5 cm fry, densities of 100, 125, and 150 fry per pouch were used for gene expression analysis. The key parameters measured included survival rates, antioxidant enzyme activities in liver and intestinal tissues, and expression levels of HSP90α and caspase-3 genes. Results: The findings showed that recovery time and density both affected the observed responses and that transport density had a substantial effect on antioxidant enzyme activity in all tissues. The intestinal and liver tissues showed a considerable decrease in antioxidant enzyme activity, suggesting that these tissues may be able to respond to oxidative stress. Moreover, under high-density transport conditions, there were notable increases in the expression of caspase-3 and HSP90α, suggesting the activation of immune response systems. This research offers valuable new understandings into the relationship between transport density and immunological and antioxidant modulation in A. latus fry. Conclusions: The results provide a scientific foundation for enhancing aquaculture transport conditions, which will ultimately lead to decreased fish mortality and improved general health during transit, resulting in more sustainable and effective aquaculture methods.

Efficient Public Underground Pedestrian Space in a Cold-Climate City: A Case Study of Sapporo, Japan

This study examines the impact of changes in temperature and seasonal climate across a 4-year period (2019–2022) and the impact of the existing design on pedestrian activity in the ChiKaHo underground public space in Sapporo, Japan. Using statistical and regression analyses, the study identified boundary temperature ranges for each analyzed point in this space and presented an assumption of the design- and function-related factors influencing the period of use of the ChiKaHo. Each observation point exhibited a unique temperature range of change in pedestrian behavior, from −2 °C (points J1 and J3 near the main transportation station gate and in the corridor, respectively) to +6.8–13.2 °C for points J2 and J4, near open spaces. This research revealed the temperature ranges affecting pedestrian use of underground spaces and that a varying climate has different influences on a particular location. In the future, this can be used as a basis for local design improvements and seasonal adaptation policies to provide a sustainable public underground space in ChiKaHo.

Unravelling the Effect of Crystal Facet of Derived-Copper Catalysts on the Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide under Unified Mass Transport Condition.

Altering the physical structure and chemical property of copper, i.e., particle size, surface morphology, composition or crystal facet, has been demonstrated to be effective in steering the selectivity of products in electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide. However, these modifications generally result in the change of active surface area, leading to differences in geometric current density and local pH, which are also demonstrated to be the key factors for observed selectivity change. In this work, we deconvolute the effect of mass transport and local pH from the effect of crystal facet by investigating five copper-based catalysts with identical roughness factor for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide in an H-cell. Interestingly, CuO-derived catalyst stands out as the best catalyst for C-C coupling. At -1.07 V vs. RHE, the faradaic efficiency of C2+ product reaches 44.3 %, with a partial current density of -21.6 mA cm-2. Electrochemical adsorption of *OH reveals that the C2+ product selectivity of derived-copper catalysts correlates positively with the ratio of Cu(100)/Cu(110) of five catalysts. Additionally, in situ Raman spectroscopy reveals that the percentage of low-frequency-band linear CO (LFB-CO), which is attributed to the adsorbed *CO on Cu(100) facet, increases with the C-C coupling efficiency.

Unravelling the Effect of Crystal Facet of Derived‐Copper Catalysts on the Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide under Unified Mass Transport Condition

AbstractAltering the physical structure and chemical property of copper, i.e., particle size, surface morphology, composition or crystal facet, has been demonstrated to be effective in steering the selectivity of products in electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide. However, these modifications generally result in the change of active surface area, leading to differences in geometric current density and local pH, which are also demonstrated to be the key factors for observed selectivity change. In this work, we deconvolute the effect of mass transport and local pH from the effect of crystal facet by investigating five copper‐based catalysts with identical roughness factor for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide in an H‐cell. Interestingly, CuO‐derived catalyst stands out as the best catalyst for C−C coupling. At −1.07 V vs. RHE, the faradaic efficiency of C2+ product reaches 44.3 %, with a partial current density of −21.6 mA cm−2. Electrochemical adsorption of *OH reveals that the C2+ product selectivity of derived‐copper catalysts correlates positively with the ratio of Cu(100)/Cu(110) of five catalysts. Additionally, in situ Raman spectroscopy reveals that the percentage of low‐frequency‐band linear CO (LFB‐CO), which is attributed to the adsorbed *CO on Cu(100) facet, increases with the C−C coupling efficiency.

Abstract A013: Quality control of the biobanked matched tissue: Blood samples for the development of diverse liquid based molecular assays

Abstract The availability of high-quality matched biological samples (tumor-blood) is the major limiting factor for research and development of novel, liquid biopsy-based assays in oncology. Frequently, ongoing specifically timed collections of blood samples are required. De-identified tissue blocks (formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) or flash frozen) matched with patient's blood samples collected in fixative-containing (Streck) of EDTA containing tubes, were collected at worldwide geographic locations and transferred to biobanking facility (Reference Medicine, Phoenix, AZ). Additional blood samples were collected at various times regarding the cancer surgery. Plasma and buffy coat samples were locally prepared and shipped to the biobank. A subset of blood samples without matched tissues from healthy donors were also collected. All samples were shipped under strict transport conditions. Quality control performed at the biobanking facility included pathology review and nucleic acids quality assessment. A total of over 3,000 cases were collected and provided to end-users working on various assays based on cfDNA (e.g. monitoring for minimal residual disease or multi-cancer early detection). Immuno-reactivity to various antigens in samples collected in Streck and EDTA tubes (from 50 patients) was assessed by peptide microarray binding assay. Feedback information on the quality of samples was shared in 900 cases. Approximately 4% of cases had failed internal pathology review, due to poor preservation, lack of adequate tissue composition, or low tumor volume and 11% failed internal nucleic acid quality assessment (DNA concetration and integrity). The blood collection tubes had no significant impact on serologic testing using peptide microarary assay. Customer feedback data showed that overall success rate exceeded 85%. Type of blood collection tubes (Streck vs EDTA) had no impact on serologic testing and studies looking at predicted neoantigens based on NGS data can be confirmed using peptide epitope arrays. Blood collected for NGS works without compromise on peptide arrays. Future validation of other collection tubes for blood or other types of fluids is needed to confirm their adequacy for specific assays. Citation Format: Zoran Gatalica, Phillip Stafford, Chris Diehnelt, Inga Rose. Quality control of the biobanked matched tissue: Blood samples for the development of diverse liquid based molecular assays [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Liquid Biopsy: From Discovery to Clinical Implementation; 2024 Nov 13-16; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2024;30(21_Suppl):Abstract nr A013.

Multi-objective optimization study of LNG tank truck baffles under the most hazardous transport condition based on a combined approximate model

Baffles are essential safety devices for mobile pressure vessels on land and at sea. Under the most hazardous transport condition, Violent sloshing of the liquid inside the tank can damage the tank structure and baffles. To solve this problem, a multi-objective optimization method based on a combined approximate model and NSGA-II was proposed. The goals are to minimize the maximum impact force on the baffles and the front head of the LNG tank and to achieve a multi-objective optimization of the baffles. Firstly, based on the VOF method a dynamic model of liquid sloshing in the LNG tank was established. Then, the changes in the impact force on the baffles and front head of the LNG tank truck under different filling ratios and two extreme transport conditions were analyzed to determine the most hazardous transport condition. Finally, a novel multi-objective optimization method was proposed to reduce the maximum impact force of the baffles and the front head of the LNG tank. The results show that the two optimization goals were reduced by 117% and 85% respectively. These findings establish a theoretical foundation and provide data support for baffles design in mobile pressure vessels. This improves the safety of land and sea transportation.

Resource supply and demand model of military settlements in the cold weapon era: case of Zhenbao Town, Ming Great Wall

As an important military defense project in Chinese history, the Ming Dynasty Great Wall and its associated military settlements played a crucial role in maintaining border security. A systematic analysis of how military settlements allocated resources based on external threats and geo-strategic needs is essential to understanding their settlements defense systems. However, this aspect has been relatively under-explored in existing research. Therefore, a resource allocation assessment model for Great Wall military settlements during the Cold Weapon era is established to facilitate a more scientific analysis and quantitative assessment of Military Defense Capabilities(MDC) and Military Requirements(MR). This study employs a combined Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) approach to determine the weight of each indicator for both military defense capability and military requirement. Spatial clustering using K-means is conducted to visualize the distribution of these strengths and weaknesses. An Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression model links military requirements with defense capabilities, assessing the relationship between settlement locations and historical battle sites. Residual analysis is utilized to identify areas of resource over-allocation or under-allocation. The study reveals that the regional differences in military defense capabilities and requirements within the Zhenbao Town area during the Ming Dynasty correspond closely with the locations of frequent conflicts. This finding suggests that the distribution of defensive capabilities were strengthened in areas with challenging terrain, while the effectiveness and allocation of defense capabilities were determined by logistical support and transportation conditions. This study enhances our understanding of historical military strategies from a historical geography perspective and offers innovative insights for analyzing Great Wall settlement, moving beyond mere sensory intuition and historical experience.

Pressure and Temperature Prediction of Oil Pipeline Networks Based on a Mechanism-Data Hybrid Driven Method

To ensure the operational safety of oil transportation stations, it is crucial to predict the impact of pressure and temperature before crude oil enters the pipeline network. Accurate predictions enable the assessment of the pipeline’s load-bearing capacity and the prevention of potential safety incidents. Most existing studies primarily focus on describing and modeling the mechanisms of the oil flow process. However, monitoring data can be skewed by factors such as instrument aging and pipeline friction, leading to inaccurate predictions when relying solely on mechanistic or data-driven approaches. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a Temporal-Spatial Three-stream Temporal Convolutional Network (TS-TTCN) model that integrates mechanistic knowledge with data-driven methods. Building upon Temporal Convolutional Networks (TCN), the TS-TTCN model synthesizes mechanistic insights into the oil transport process to establish a hybrid driving mechanism. In the temporal dimension, it incorporates real-time operating parameters and applies temporal convolution techniques to capture the time-series characteristics of the oil transportation pipeline network. In the spatial dimension, it constructs a directed topological map based on the pipeline network’s node structure to characterize spatial features. Data analysis and experimental results show that the Three-stream Temporal Convolutional Network (TTCN) model, which uses a Tanh activation function, achieves an error rate below 5%. By analyzing and validating real-time data from the Dongying oil transportation station, the proposed hybrid model proves to be more stable, reliable, and accurate under varying operating conditions.

Connective Urban Greenway Route Planning: A Spatial Optimization Perspective

Urban greenways, as vital green infrastructures, offer a range of societal, environmental, and ecological benefits to city dwellers. However, planning their routes remains a complex task for urban planners. While most studies emphasize either maximizing the number of residents served or enhancing the environmental benefits along these greenways, the role of urban greenways in linking existing facilities like tourist attractions, urban parks, public transport stations, and other greenways has received less attention. This paper introduces an innovative spatial optimization model for the planning of connective urban greenway routes. The model aims to link these facilities while also maximizing the population’s access to the greenway. We developed a set of models applicable to different objectives of connecting existing facilities, such as maximizing the number of facilities to be covered, covering all facilities, and minimizing the distance between facilities and planned greenways. Bi-objective scenarios, including weighted and lexicographical models, are also presented. We delineated the MILP formulation of the proposed models. The paper includes simulation tests with empirical data from Lhasa, China, validating the model’s practicality and computational efficiency.

Spatial scale effects of transportation, social and natural attributes of street environments on perceived activity opportunities for older adults

The street environment correlates with perceived activity opportunities for older adults. While numerous studies have examined the transportation and social attributes of street environments, the natural attributes have been less explored. Furthermore, the nonlinear relationship between the street environment and perceived activity opportunities across different spatial scales remains under-researched. We hypothesize that transportation, social, and natural attributes influence perceived activity opportunities, and their nonlinear effects vary across spatial scales. Therefore, we used activity survey data and multi-source big data from Dalian, China. Employing gradient boosted decision tree (GBDT) methods, we evaluated the nonlinear correlation between the street environment and perceived activity opportunities. Our study considered three community life circle scales: 5-min, 10-min, and 15-min. The results indicated that street features varied significantly at different spatial scales. Specifically, factors such as density of street network, diversity of street interface, distance to the nearest public transport station, accessibility of green space, diversion ratio, and distance to the nearest blue space notably influence perceived activity opportunities across these scales. The study also found that the nonlinear correlations between street environments and perceived activity opportunities were prevalent and varied across spatial scales. These results suggest that priorities for street environment improvements should account for these spatial scale variations. Our research provides multi-scale recommendations for the development of sustainable transportation, age-friendly communities, and the promotion of aging in place.

Developing design-basis PSD loads for spent nuclear fuel transport: Insights from cask test results

From 2020 to 2021, multimodal transportation tests were conducted in South Korea. Surrogate fuel assemblies were loaded into a full-sized transportation cask for road and sea transportation tests at Doosan Enerbility and along a South Korean seashore. The study focused on the effects of normal transport conditions on spent nuclear fuel (SNF) and its structural integrity by analyzing the data obtained. Additionally, the need to analytically assess the integrity of spent fuel under these conditions through design-basis loads has emerged. This study focuses on generating the input load. The study also addressed the practical considerations for applicants regarding the format of these design loads. For all tested conditions, design-basis power spectral density (PSD) loads were identified, covering PSDs at the basket across various transportation conditions. A comprehensive diagram capturing the PSDs at the basket, which then transmitted the load to the fuel assembly for each transport scenario, was calculated as the design load. The transportation test load data served as inputs for the shake table test, which aimed to closely evaluate the behavior of the fuel assemblies. The appropriateness and conservativeness of the derived design-basis PSD were validated through a shake table tests.

Application of Rubber-Wheeled directional drilling rig for probing and draining holes in coal mine

Abstract In view of the requirements of dense underground water exploration and drainage holes, high hole forming accuracy, rapid drilling rig relocation and reduced labor intensity in coal mines with trackless transportation conditions, the application of rubber wheel directional drilling rigs can well meet the requirements and complete the drilling construction. Taking the representative ZDY3500JD rubber wheel directional drilling rig as an example, the composition and basic parameters of the drilling rig are introduced, and the field application is carried out in the Shendong coal mine of the National Energy Group. The completion of the relocation greatly reduces the labor intensity of workers and improves work efficiency. It has stable performance and high hit rate in the construction of water exploration and drainage holes, and various parameters meet the design requirements, which lays a good foundation for the construction of similar mine drilling.

School Transportation as Social Capital: Suburban School Leaders at the Wheel of Equitable Access

The roots of opportunity gaps in suburban schools often lie hidden in widely-accepted operational practices. Despite the importance of the informal curriculum to social capital development, suburban leaders sometimes underestimate how transportation restrictions can bar access to resources that are critical to advancing their Black, Brown, and lower-income students. This case illuminates how racism, classism, and housing segregation worked synergistically to create marginalizing transportation conditions in a majority-White suburban high school, and how the social-emotional impact ultimately led to the exclusionary discipline of two students. It addresses how race-neutral policies and deficit cultures contribute to unjust treatment of minoritized students, and underscores the need for suburban leaders to become racially literate and advocate for practices that ensure equitable access to capital-building resources for every student.

Comparative analysis of multiple observation data during two typhoons affecting Hainan Island

Based on different observation data, the wind and rain processes of two typhoons that continuously affected Hainan Island in October 2021 were compared and analyzed. The analysis shows that the two typhoons are similar in weather conditions, water vapor transport conditions, cold air intrusion, sea surface temperature providing energy, and so on. The spatial distribution of rainfall and wind field exhibits an evidently asymmetrical structure. Before the typhoon landed, the gale area was located mainly in the northeast of the typhoon center. Furthermore, different detection data have advantages and disadvantages, which should be verified and used each other. For example, there are also differences between radar echo reflectivity, wind profile radar data and MTCSWA data. By means of analysis and research, the ability to analyze and articulate the typhoon impact process with high spatial-temporal resolution data is further enhanced, thereby aiding in the forecast and service work during the typhoon period.

Inferring sediment-discharge event types in an Alpine catchment from sub-daily time series

Abstract. Fluvial sediment dynamics in mountain rivers are changing rapidly in a degrading cryosphere, raising the potential for erosive rainfall and runoff and detrimental effects on downstream areas. Hence, we need to understand better what characterises and drives episodic pulses of water and suspended solids in rivers. Here, we infer different types of such sediment-discharge events from 959 automatically detected events based on 16 metrics derived from 15 min time series of streamflow and suspended sediment concentrations from Vent–Rofental in the high Ötztal Alps, Austria. We use principal component analysis to extract uncorrelated event characteristics and cluster event types with a Gaussian mixture model. We interpret the thus inferred event types with catchment metrics describing antecedent conditions, hydrometeorological forcing, and fraction of catchment area with freezing temperatures and snow cover. We find event magnitude, hysteresis, and event shape complexity to be the main factors characterising the overall event regime. The most important characteristics distinguishing the event types are suspended sediment and streamflow magnitude and complexity of the hydro- and sedigraphs. Sediment-discharge hysteresis is less relevant for discerning event types. We derive four event types that we attribute to (1) compound rainfall–melt extremes, (2) glacier and seasonal snowmelt, (3) freeze–thaw-modulated snowmelt and precipitation events, and (4) late-season glacier melt. Glacier and snowmelt events driven by warm conditions and high insolation were the most frequent and contributed some 40 % to annual suspended sediment yield on average; compound rainfall–melt extremes were the rarest but contributed the second-highest proportion (26 %). Our approach represents a reproducible method for objectively estimating the variety of event-scale suspended sediment transport conditions in mountain rivers, which can provide insights into the contribution of different drivers to annual sediment yields in current and future regimes. Our findings highlight the importance of both meltwater and rainfall–runoff as drivers of high-magnitude suspended sediment fluxes in mountain rivers.

Label-free liquid chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of changes in broiler liver proteins under transport stress.

Transportation duration and distance are significant concerns for animal welfare, particularly in the poultry industry. However, limited proteomic studies have investigated the impact of transport duration on poultry welfare. In this study, mass spectrometry based bottom up proteomics was employed to sensitively and impartially profile the liver tissue proteome of chickens, addressing the issue of animal stress and welfare in response to transportation before slaughter. The liver exudates obtained from Ross 508 chickens exposed to either short or long road transportation underwent quantitative label-free LC-MS proteomic profiling. This method identified a total of 1,368 proteins, among which 35 were found to be significantly different (p < 0.05) and capable of distinguishing between short and long road transportation conditions. Specifically, 23 proteins exhibited up-regulation in the non stressed group, while 12 proteins showed up-regulation in the stressed group. The proteins identified in this pilot study encompassed those linked to homeostasis and cellular energetic balance, including heat shock proteins and the 5'-nucleotidase domain-containing family. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of the proteome in broiler liver tissues, shedding light on poultry adaptability to transport stress. Furthermore, the identified proteins present potential as biomarkers, suggesting promising approaches to enhance poultry care and management within the industry.

Characteristics of the Spatial Structure of Traditional Villages in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in China and Their Influence Mechanisms

Traditional villages are one of the basic types of rural revitalisation and one of the important carriers of cultural inheritance. This research is based on the data of 53 traditional villages in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region with the aid of the ArcGIS10.8.1 spatial analysis platform. The study identifies the spatial evolution characteristics from the spatial distribution type, distribution direction, distribution density, distribution balance, etc., and explores their influence mechanisms. The study shows that 1. the spatial structure of traditional villages in Xinjiang was analysed as a cohesive structure type by using the nearest neighbour index method, which shows the evolutionary characteristics of the agglomerative tendency to increase gradually. Among them, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture and Turpan City have the highest degree of concentration. 2. The establishment and development of traditional villages in Xinjiang is mainly influenced by natural factors such as geographical features and hydrography. Social factors such as population distribution, transport conditions and economic progression have very important implications for the preservation and continuation of traditional villages.

Assessment of the influence of glycol and alcohol on the morphology and protective properties of iron carbonate in carbon dioxide corrosion of gas pipelines

The potential effect of hydrate formation inhibitors (glycols, alcohols) — components of the liquid phase of gas pipeline operating media — on carbon dioxide corrosion during the transport of aggressive gas has not been sufficiently studied. The paper presents the results of a study of the corrosive effect of glycol (alcohol) present in the liquid phase on the composition and properties of corrosion products on steel when modeling the main aggressive factors under conditions of transport of CO2-containing gas. On a corrosion stand, the aggressive conditions of alternating wetting of gas pipeline walls with water were reproduced. The fluid circulation characteristic of a partially filled pipeline can have an effect on preventing the formation or destruction of films of corrosion products (iron carbonate, siderite) on the steel surface. In places of cracking and peeling of siderite formed in the presence of CO2, conditions will be created for the formation of general and local corrosion damage. During simulation tests, monoethylene glycol and isopropanol, as well as their aqueous solutions of different concentrations, were used. For the first time, data on the formation and composition of non-stoichiometric siderite in water-glycol and water-alcohol media at CO2 partial pressures and temperature were obtained. By processing diffraction patterns obtained by X-ray diffraction, the degree of substitution of iron ions in non-stoichiometric siderites by other cations was determined. The dependence of the degree of substitution on the concentration of alcohol (glycol) in their aqueous solutions was analyzed. It was revealed that with an increase in glycol concentration, a decrease in the rate of local corrosion is observed. With a high glycol content, internal corrosion is completely suppressed in the presence of CO2. It has been established that in aqueous-alcoholic media at elevated temperatures, local carbon dioxide corrosion does not occur. This is apparently due to the uneven distribution of water and alcohol in the mixture. The results obtained can be used in assessing internal carbon dioxide corrosion in the presence of glycol (alcohol), used at gas facilities as an inhibitor of hydrate formation.

Improving the efficiency of thermal insulation of window panes—the use of transparent thin-layer insulation coverings filled with nanostructures

AbstractThe article discusses experimental studies on the thermal conductivity of a transparent thermal insulation layer (film) applied to a window pane. The research was conducted using a measurement cube known as the "Hot Box" method. The examined film was made based on a polymer matrix with metallic inclusions. The insulating layer of the film allows for the transmission and blocking of light—UV infrared radiation. In the studies, a 100 W bulb was used as the source of infrared radiation (light source), placed at the central point of the measurement cube "Hot Box". To estimate the heat transport conditions, temperature distributions on the internal and external surfaces of the examined window pane with the applied transparent coating (film) were measured. Based on the temperature distribution data, the thermal conductivity coefficient of the applied transparent coating on the pane was estimated.