Conditions Of Social Life Research Articles

Situational and personality factors of students’ adaptation preparedness

Introduction. The relevance of studying situational and personality factors of students’ adaptation preparedness is conditioned by the growing uncertainty of the future and the increasingly stressful conditions of social life. The study of adaptation preparedness factors is conditioned by the demand for psychological and pedagogical support of students at different stages of professionalisation at the university. The aim of the study is to identify the situational and personality factors of students’ adaptation preparedness and their correlation with regard for the significance, uncertainty and stressfulness of situations in the higher education environment. Materials and methods. The survey involved a number of higher education organisations of Saratov and its administrative region, Volgograd and Moscow (n=385) and was based on the following diagnostic toolkit: M.V. Grigoriev’s method of diagnosing adaptation preparedness of a personality, A.V. Zverkov’s and E.V. Eidman’s test-questionnaire “Study of volitional self-regulation”, V.I. Morosanova’s questionnaire “Self-regulation behaviour style – SBS-98”, as well as the author’s questioning scales in the context of assessing the learning environment situational parameters with regard for the significance, stressfulness and uncertainty of situations in the educational environment. Data processing was carried out using the IBM SPSS Statistics 27 package and AMOS software. The statistical procedures included descriptive statistics calculations, Pearson’s correlation analysis, stepwise regression analysis, and moderation effect assessment procedure. Results. The students’ reported situations of greatest significance included lectures (3.81), practical classes (4.19), interaction with classmates having good relations with the respondent (4.40), and proper relations with the administration (4.01). Positive correlations were revealed between the adaptation preparedness indicators, the significance of situational factors and the pronouncement of personality-associated factors within the range of (0.103-0.631), as well as negative correlations between the adaptation preparedness components and independence within the range of (-0.126 – -0.225). The regression analysis revealed positive personality predictors of adaptive preparedness (perseverance (β= 0.223), flexibility (β= 0.281), modelling (β= 0.168), programming (β= 0.143) and self-control (β= 0.186)) and negative predictors represented by autonomy (β= -0.169). The significance of interaction with classmates having good relations with the respondent is a positive situational predictor (β= 0.198), while the negative predictors are represented by the stressfulness of practical classes (β= -0.168) and the significance of interaction with classmates negatively treating the respondent (β= -0.169). The subsequent moderation analysis of the interrelationship between assessing a situation (as significant, stressful and uncertain) and self-regulation revealed the pronounced level of personal self-regulation [β=0.521; R2=0.32] and marked assessment of situation uncertainty [β= -0.139; R2=0.02]. Conclusion. The obtained results may be of interest both for researchers exploring adaptation issues and practising psychologists providing support to students at a higher education organisation.

TÜRKİYE’DE ÇOCUK İŞÇİLİĞİ: SAĞLIK VE SOSYAL YAŞAM KOŞULLARI BAĞLAMINDA BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Aralık 2019’da Çin’in Wuhan kentinde ortaya çıkan ve günümüzde etkileri devam eden Covid-19, çoğu ülkede sağlık sistemlerine ve birçok ekonomik alana aşırı yük bindirmiş ve büyük ekonomik kayıplara yol açmıştır. Bu önemli etkilerinin yanında tipik olarak solunum damlacıkları yoluyla yaygınlaşan SARS-CoV-2 insan sağlığına olan olumsuz etkileri ile birlikte çocukların sağlığını da olumsuz etkilemiştir. Pandemi sürecinde işgücü kayıplarının olması ve bunun sonucunda ortaya çıkan ekonomik ve işgücü piyasası sonuçları, insanların yaşamları ve geçim kaynakları üzerinde derin izler bırakmıştır. Özellikle yoksul aileleri ve çocuklarını çocuk işçiliğine sürükleyen bu süreç; çocuk işçiliği kavramının çocuk refahı ve çocuk sağlığı kavramları ile olan ilişkisi bağlamında araştırılmasının önemini bir kez daha göstermiştir. Bu doğrultuda araştırmada temel amaç, çocuk işçiliğinin çocuk refahı ve çocuk sağlığı üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektir. Bu kapsamda veri toplam aracı olarak literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Ayrıca TÜİK, ILO ve DSÖ gibi kurum ve örgütlerin verileri taranarak araştırma hazırlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, çocuk işçiliği, çocukların eğitim haklarına kısıtlamalar getirdiği, düşük ücret, tehlikeli çalışma koşulları ve sağlık hizmetlerine erişimdeki zorluklar gibi faktörlerin de çocukların sağlığını olumsuz yönde etkilerinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu nedenle çalışmanın ana odağı, çocuk işçiliğinin çocuk refahı ve sağlığı üzerindeki etkilerini anlamak ve bu olumsuz etkileri azaltmaya yönelik stratejileri belirlemektir.

Https://www.shdisj.com/index.php/shdisj/article/view/110

A person lives nowadays in a multicultural world, and transformations of the conditions of social life lead to the changes in the sphere of values and worldview of both the indigenous population and the representatives of national minorities. Family values of Ukrainian and Crimean Tatar youth living in mainland Ukraine after the occupation of the Crimea, were investigated. The purpose of the research is a cross-cultural study of family values and parental attitudes of Ukrainian and Crimean youth. Methodology. Sample: N=220 (110 Ukrainians (55 boys and 55 girls) and 110 Crimean Tatars (55 boys and 55 girls) aged 17-24. Methods: Schwartz's value questionnaire, PARI questionnaire, "Family atom" by E. Eidemiller, "Role expectations and harassment in marriage" by A. Volkova, questionnaire "Development of a complete personality in the conditions of modern changes" by O. Vlasova, V. Shcherbina, "Scales of multicultural identification" by A. Mambetova, "Emotional self-awareness" test by O. Vlasova, M. Berezyuk. Results. The majority of Ukrainian youth demonstrate the values of stimulation, which are pronouncedly expressed in the form of the desire for novelty, the need for changes and deep experience, the value of a life full of thrills, new impressions and complicated tasks, as well as universalism (tolerance, protection of human well-being and natural environment). Among the Crimean Tatar youth the values of safety, achievement, universalism and conformity are expressed at a high level (in ½ and more of the respondents). In the course of this research common (nuclear) parental attitudes of the respondents were revealed, which serve as the basis for the formation of transcultural values. Both ethnic groups are characterized by avoiding conflict, developing the activity of a child, partnership relationship, suppression of aggressiveness, verbalization.

Stranger in the Mirror: Exploring Somatic Defamiliarization

This study explores the centrality of the senses for the maintenance or disruption of people’s commonsensical familiarity with the world. Drawing from in-depth interviews with people affected by depersonalization/derealization, which the American Psychiatric Association defines as a dissociative condition in which people perceive the world as dream-like, I conceptualize what I term somatic defamiliarization. I define somatic defamiliarization as a process whereby people experience previously unquestioned sensory phenomena, such as mundane objects or their bodies, as unfamiliar. Building on Berger and Luckmann’s work, I contend that somatic defamiliarization is a perpetual, albeit latent, condition of social life that threatens reality maintenance. I discuss how the concept of somatic defamiliarization can be applied to explore the somatic qualities of experiential ruptures that people may undergo in various circumstances, such as immigration or war.

Суб’єктивна оцінка стану здоров’я педагогічними працівників з різними рівнями професійного вигорання в умовах соціальної ізоляції та воєнного стану

The aim of the study is to analyze data on the state of health of teachers with different levels of occupational burnout who were in different social conditions of life (social isolation and martial law). Materials and methods. To achieve the goal, the method of V. V. Boiko «Diagnostics of the level of emotional burnout» (1998) and a specially developed questionnaire «Subjective assessment of the state of health, life activities and working conditions of teachers» were used, with the help of which an anonymous survey was conducted general secondary education institutions in the city of Sumy during the period of social isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in 2021 (85 people) and during martial law in April 2023 (106 people). Results. The proportion of the group of teachers with a low level of occupational burnout increased and was 2.22 times higher than the similar group of teachers during the period of social isolation (30.97±3.35)%, t=8.04, p≤0.001), which may indicate a possible decrease in the influence of professional stressors and an actualization of the feeling of uncertainty, constant anxiety, fear for one’s own life and the lives of loved ones, which is due to the military situation in the country. In conditions of social isolation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, average (48.24±3.36)% t=9.54, p≤0.001) and low (41.18±3.31)% t=7.83, p≤0.001) levels of occupational burnout prevailed. Under the conditions of martial law, the manifestations of occupational burnout changed: the proportion of the group of teachers with a low level of occupational burnout increased and was 2.22 times higher than the similar group of teachers during the period of social isolation (30.97±3.35)%, t=8.04, p≤0.001), which may indicate a possible decrease in the influence of professional stressors and an actualization of the feeling of uncertainty, constant anxiety, fear for one’s own life and the lives of loved ones, which is due to the military situation in the country. If during the period of isolation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, a high level of occupational burnout significantly prevailed among teachers under the age of 40 (55.56±5.38)%), then during the period of martial law, a high level of occupational burnout was mainly registered among teachers of the older age group (up to 50 – (42.86±4.81)%). In general, (76.02±3.09)% of the surveyed teachers defined their health status as satisfactory, (16.29±2.67)% as unsatisfactory, and only (7.69±1.93)% of respondents as excellent. Among the interviewees in the group with unsatisfactory self-assessment of health, teachers of the age groups «under 50» and «over 50» predominated (36.11±3.47)% and (30.56±3.33)%, respectively) compared to the groups «up to 30» – (8.33±1.99)% and «up to 40» – (25.00±3.13)%, which can be explained by the natural accumulation over the years of functional abnormalities and chronic pathology. The leading complaints, regardless of social conditions and levels of occupational burnout, were complaints of headaches, palpitations, sleep disturbances, and increased blood pressure. Conclusions. The established results of the study require further improvement of the assessment of the components of mental health among teaching staff in conditions of martial law and the development of hygienic recommendations for the prevention of occupational burnout in various social conditions of the labor process.

МОДИФИКАЦИЯ И ВНЕДРЕНИЕ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ОБЪЕКТИВИЗАЦИИ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЯ ОЖИДАЕМОЙ ПРОДОЛЖИТЕЛЬНОСТИ ЗДОРОВОЙ ЖИЗНИ

The search for a universal indicator of population health, which gives an estimate of one value and is devoid of subjectivity, continues to this day [1-4]. Mortality, which strictly records the fact and causes of the end of human life, can have different content, and age-related detailing of death gives, although interesting, but a large number of indicators [5-7]. It was possible to collect the influence of all age–related mortality rates into one generalized estimate in an integral indicator – “life expectancy” (hereinafter – life expectancy). However, with this approach, the issue of assessing the state of health of living people remains unresolved [8, 9], and the answer should be the indicator “healthy life expectancy” (hereinafter referred to as the life expectancy index). Attempts have been made to introduce the HPP indicator since the 1960s and 1970s, but it was only at the end of the twentieth century that it was adopted by WHO. Changes in social conditions of life and the quality of health care are now aimed not only at increasing the BWF, but also the BWF. And more and more countries and WHO have started using it as the main target. Domestic statistics practically do not calculate [10] and do not publish the GPR in official statistical collections. The calculations made for countries and regions are not extended to individual territories of the regions. The existing approaches are based on a subjective assessment of the health of certain age categories [8, 10] and do not use the collected statistical information. Goal. To develop an improved methodology for calculating the integrated indicator of “healthy life expectancy” in conditions of limited statistical information and introduce it into the practice of assessing the health of the population. Tasks: 1. To analyze the existing calculation of the indicator “healthy life expectancy”. 2. To summarize the existing approaches to calculating the indicator of “healthy life expectancy” and comment on the methodology for determining the life expectancy. 3. To develop an improved methodology for calculating the indicator of “healthy life expectancy”. Research methods: literary review and expert opinion. Conclusion: The HPA indicator should be implemented, as there is a need for this assessment of population health. However, the use of HPE requires a unified interpretation of the degree of loss of health in various diseases, as well as the introduction of an age (five-year) breakdown of sick and disabled citizens into domestic official statistics.

Functional relationships of the cerebral cortex with subcortical structures in emotional stressful conditions

Studying central mechanisms of stress, which is assuming more an emotional aspect, is among the topical problems of modern neurophysiology and medicine. Having created complex conditions of adaptive behavior, rapid scientific and technological growth has required processing a huge flow of different information related to biological functions and social activity of human beings. According to WHO experts, in 70% of all cases emotional stress leads to various diseases including hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke, atherosclerosis, as well as development of neurotic conditions, psychiatric disorders and disruption of normal adaptation of humans to social conditions of life. Many researchers have studied EEG and peripheral signals separately, but little attention has been paid to the correlation between these indicators. To date, issues related to the central mechanisms of stress and their relationship with autonomic functions have not been fully studied. The EEG cross-correlation analysis we have chosen is more advanced because, unlike conventional EEG analysis, it provides detailed information about the connections between brain structures in spatio-temporal relationships.

Study of the stability of dental implants on the background of the hepatobiliary system pathology

Annotation. Today, dental implantation is one of the most important methods for restoring dental defects. This method allows restoration of tooth row defects without preparation of hard tooth tissues. Endoosseous dental implantation in patients with concomitant pathology requires special attention, among which pathology of the hepatobiliary system stands out, which has recently tended to increase. This is primarily due to the epidemiology of viral hepatitis, deterioration of the external environment, and complex social conditions of life. The purpose of our work was to investigate the stability of dental implants using the analysis of frequency-resonance indicators in patients with hepatobiliary system pathology. A study of the stability coefficient was conducted in 26 patients who had intraosseous dental implants installed. All patients were divided into 2 groups: the first – main (14 patients) – without pathology of the hepatobiliary system; the second – comparative (12 patients) - included patients who had disorders of the hepatobiliary system, which were established on the basis of the collected anamnesis and violations of biochemical indicators. There were equal numbers of men and women in each group. There were 8 (57.2%) women and 6 (42.8%) men in the first group, and 5 (41.7%) men and 7 (58.3%) women in the second group. For all patients, dental intraosseous implantation was performed in one or two zones of included defects. After the installation of dental intraosseous implants, the stability of the dental implant was determined using a frequency-resonance study. Similar studies were also conducted after the opening of the dental implants before the installation of the orthopedic structure after 6 months. The results. We found a significant difference in the coefficient of stability of dental implants in patients with hepatobiliary system pathology and without liver pathology (p<0.05). In the main research group, the following coefficients of stability of dental implants were obtained: immediately after the installation of dental implants intraoperatively, a study of indicators was carried out, which corresponded to the level of 70,41±2,97 points, and already after 6 months this indicator of the stability coefficient in±creased and was fixed at the level 75,41±2,59 points. In the patients of the second research group (comparison), immediately after the installation of dental implants, the stability coefficient was at the level of 42.56±3.53 points, and 6 months after the installation of dental implants – 44,39±3,26 points. Liver pathology negatively affects the coefficient of stability of dental implants and their osseointegration, worsening them by 1,7 times. With liver pathology, osteopenia is observed, which requires preoperative and postoperative hepatoprotective correction and osteotropic therapy.

Религиозный смысл в антропологическом измерении: историческая ретроспектива и современное состояние. Часть 2

As the title implies, the second part of the research is presented in this article. It continues the logic of the previ-ous article and, together with it, addresses the subject, the essence of which is the correlation of the religious worldview and the understanding of the essence of man at different stages of historical development. The dy-namics of interdependence of religious and non-religious bases of the meaning formation process is recorded. The influence of social development factors on the role of religion in society and on the transformation of inter-pretations of fundamental human qualities is revealed. The hypothesis is justified, according to which the mu-tual agreement of religious meaning and ideas about the essence of man affects the developing system of social ties both in the past and in the present. While the first part of the study emphasizes the historical retro-spective of the interaction of semantic sources sources, the results of the second part of the study reflect their current state. It is justified that the relativity of transcendental sources of meaning, which have become wide-spread today, turns out to be a prerequisite for the rebirth of secular humanism into transhumanism, within the framework of which a negative synthesis of scientific rationalism and a mystical-religious worldview is carried out. As an ideological mainstream, the intention for arbitrary transformation of man by scientific and technolog-ical means is asserted, which is justified by appealing to the tenets and prophecies of traditional religions. It is precisely on this semantic basis that the formation of new conditions of social life takes place, which can be designated as quasi-civilization. Its peculiarity is the active use of elements of the former cultural heritage, but in a transformed and arbitrarily combined form. In the context of the transhumanist interpretation, in its mystical and secular variations, the human being is seen as part of the religious and secular culture of past epochs and from this point of view is treated as an obsolete semantic construct open to unlimited transformations in ac-cordance with an arbitrarily constructed image of the future.

The Impact of Psychological Perspective on Pandemic for the Development of Social Life

The empirical phenomenon of the implications of the Covid-19 pandemic issue has caused disasters and calamities in all aspects of human life in the world. As a result of the spread of the virus through social life, people who lack discipline in complying with the rules have led to an increase in the number of positive cases of the Covid-19 virus which ended in many deaths. However, the implications of the covid pandemic from the psychological aspect have a positive side, namely being able to provide education to the public, changing people's attitudes to discipline in obeying the rules, managing a cleaner and healthier environment. People are aware of health, maintain their immune system by participating in vaccinations, eating nutritious and healthy foods, and doing positive sports. So that psychologically the implications of the pandemic have taught people to change by creating a new, better order of life. The community is more steadfast, patient in accepting the limited conditions of social life, coexistence, kinship, mutual tolerance, empathy and help, willing to provide assistance to others who are affected by disasters. This research uses qualitative research methods through deeper observations, so that it is more focused, focused on very varied problems in society. To get effective results, use the concept of triangulation through observation, interviews and documents as valid data sources, as well as literature and theories that are relevant and related to the research problem. The purpose of this research is that educated people can organize a more organized, good and civil future social life.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО ВЫРАВНИВАНИЯ ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ, СЫРЬЕВЫХ, АГРОПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ РЕГИОНОВ (на примере Уральского федерального округа)

The Russian Federation, which is a federal state, is characterized by a high degree of diff erentiation of federal districts, within the districts themselves — regions in terms of the level of socio-economic development. The reasons for the uneven socio-economic development of the regions lie in varying degrees of provision with a resource and raw material base, historically developed infrastructure, natural and climatic conditions, customs and traditions of the indigenous population, its mentality and other factors of an objective nature. Ultimately, all of the above forms the social conditions of life of the population, which eventually lead to an increase in the differentiation of regions in terms of the level of development: rich regions can accumulate their own resources for their development, while poor regions will need much more time and eff ort. Social diff erentiation, together with territorial fragmentation, poses a clear threat to national strengthening within the country and in the international arena. Agro-industrial, industrial and raw materials (export oriented) regions are no exception. The purpose of the study is to establish the diff erences between the regions of the Ural Federal District in the level of socio-economic development and quality of life. The study is based on the materials of the rating conducted by the rating agency RIA Rayting / Russia Today on the basis of offi cial data from Rosstat, the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation. Research method — in the course of the study, cognitive methods were used: analysis and synthesis, grouping, comparison, correlation, logical, tabular, etc. The study found that there is a relationship between the level of socio-economic development and quality of life: a high level of development and quality of life provide raw material regions, the outsider in the ranking is the agro-industrial region (Kurgan region). The practical signifi cance of the study is that its results can be used in practice in the development of regional social policy.

EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENTS OF A MILITARY UNIVERSITY AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE EFFICIENCY OF MILITARY PERSONNEL TRAINING

The political, economic and social changes, taking place at the present stage of the country development, have an impact on the conditions of social life, on the formation of each individual and his/her relationships with the outside world. They are of particular importance in relation to higher education, including military training, which has to meet certain requirements for qualitative formation and professional development of preservice officers. In this vein, the issue of the typology of educational environments of a military university according to its specific features becomes relevant. The article analyses the definition of “educational environment” in modern psychological and pedagogical research, defines the typology of educational environments of military and civilian universities, describes psychological and pedagogical indicators of the educational environment affecting the activities of students. The article considers the educational environments common to a military educational organisation using the example of the Perm National Guard Forces Command Military Institute as one of the means of forming military professional competencies of preservice specialists.

What Got You through Lockdown?

What Got You through Lockdown?

Household farms of the population in conditions of modernization of agricultural sector of Kazakhstan

Household farming contributes to a country's food security, increased livelihoods, better management of natural resources, environmental protection and sustainable rural development. The goal is to study the socio-economic characteristics of the potential of household farms in the context of modernization of agricultural sector, which determine the real competitiveness of rural entrepreneurs. Methods – analysis, comparison, generalization, allowing to identify the problems of individual-household agricultural sector of Kazakhstan, to assess the current state of the social and labor sphere of small forms of business, to show the main reasons for the reduction in employment in this segment, the backlog of rural areas in terms of social conditions of life and underestimated labor motivation due to the lack of a stable payed job. Results – the author notes that low productivity of the use of labor potential in rural families, the withdrawal of large areas of agricultural land from economic circulation and their subsequent degradation, the outflow of the population, especially young people, from the village are negative. On the basis of a sociological survey, the significance of sociocultural and motivational factors that contribute to the growth of the prestige of individual household forms and development of cooperation by uniting small farmers for the joint economic activities, expanding the scale of production, increasing investment attractiveness and competitiveness of agro-industrial complex is substantiated. Conclusions – the need for a comprehensive implementation of social, economic, environmental and spiritual interests of rural residents, assistance measures to increase production and labor resources of subjects of the rural household economy has been proved; expediency of consistent and systematic state support. All this contributes to the influx of agricultural personnel in agriculture, their consolidation in rural areas.

Відмінності у кримінально-правовій регламентації відповідальності за шахрайство у законодавстві деяких зарубіжних держав

Abstract. During the last decade, there has been an interest in comparative legal studies concerning the science of criminal law. A significant change in the conditions of social life and the desire to adhere to the principles accepted by the peoples of developed countries require the study of foreign experience and sometimes taking information from international law. Comparative research makes it possible to reveal and take into account other people's mistakes and achievements when solving questions about criminality and the punishment of specific acts, helps to understand the role and significance of criminal law as a tool of social regulation. Recently, comparative legal studies of norms concerning property criminal offenses have appeared in science, but they pay unjustifiably little attention to the investigation of fraud. In this article, without pretending to be an exhaustive analysis, we will focus attention on the most significant differences in the criminal law regulation of liability for fraud in the legislation of some foreign countries. No society can exist without property, which, being the economic basis, largely determines political, moral, legal, and other relations. According to the modern idea of the system of social values, the right to property is regarded as the greatest of the social benefits of an individual. Therefore, encroachments on these benefits are encroachments on personality. Fraud occupies a special place among criminal offenses against property. Even though in quantitative terms, fraudulent crimes are inferior to theft and robbery, in terms of the growth rate of the number of registered cases of fraud, this type of criminal offense is significantly ahead of other crimes against property. A feature of foreign legislation is the presence, along with the general regulation concerning liability for fraud, of an extensive system of special regulations concerning liability for fraud in financial markets, in insurance, lending, and circulation of actual objects, goods, and services.

The socio-philosophical theory by Jacques Lacan as a metacriticism of the world outlook concept

Social philosophy is a rather young discipline considering philosophy, its methodology and problems often address the extremely general features of social life, the development of society and its structuring models, but individualistic approaches that have noticeably developed in the XIX-XX centuries significantly expanded the range of socio-philosophical categories' application. One of the most outstanding between such methodological approaches is associated with the psychoanalytic tradition and the name of Jacques Lacan. He was able to compile various spheres of social life - from linguistics and mythology to sociology, ethics and maths - considering his theory of the subject and its existence in the vital conditions of social life, which is also the subject of this article. Qualitative analysis of primary empirical data, including the translated seminars of Jacques Lacan, processing of secondary empirical data by foreign and domestic authors, analysis of various interdisciplinary points of view on the topic regarded were used as research methods. This article examines the main concepts and original insights of Lacan's analytical discourse within the framework of the issue under study and also reveals the possibility of conceptual applicability of his theory to worldview issues in the context of psychic and social life. In the course of research, the author comes to the conclusion that the varied, somewhat chaotic view by Jacques Lacan actually allows to conduct a structured, pointwise and thorough criticism on the foundations of socio-ethical worldview peculiarities, and thus can appear to be interesting for philosophers, psychologists, sociologists , teachers, historians, culturologists.

Fraud in the modern legislation of some foreign countries

Over the past decade, the science of criminal law has become interested in comparative legal studies. A significant change in the conditions of social life and the desire to adhere to the principles accepted by the peoples of developed countries requires the study of foreign experience, and sometimes borrowings from international law.
 Comparative research makes it possible to identify and take into account other people's mistakes and achievements when solving questions about criminality and the punishment of specific acts, helps to understand the role and significance of criminal law as a tool of social regulation.
 Recently, comparative legal studies of norms on property criminal offenses have appeared in science, but they pay unjustifiably little attention to the study of fraud. In this article, without pretending to be an exhaustive analysis, we will pay attention to the most significant differences in the criminal law regulation of liability for fraud in the legislation of some foreign countries.
 No society can exist without property, which, being the economic basis, largely determines political, moral, legal and other relations. According to the modern idea of the system of social values, the right to property is regarded as the greatest of the social benefits of an individual. Therefore, encroachments on this good are, in a sense, encroachments on personality.
 Fraud occupies a special place among criminal offenses against property. Despite the fact that in quantitative terms, fraudulent offenses are inferior to theft and robbery, in terms of the growth rate of the number of registered cases of fraud, this type of criminal offense is significantly ahead of other offenses against property.
 A feature of foreign legislation is the presence, along with the general norm on liability for fraud, of an extensive system of special orders on liability for fraud on financial markets, in the field of insurance, lending, circulation of real objects, goods and services.

Research Competence of College Students as a Subject of Pedagogical Analysis

The urgency of the problem of the formation of research competence is increasing in the new socio-economic conditions, the formation of market relations and the digital society, in which a critical look at the problem, the ability to reflectively assess events and phenomena, the formation of research skills, the ability to adapt to changing situations, uncertainty, unpredictability. In this regard, this article is devoted to the issues of pedagogical aspects of the development of the education system and its influence on the formation of design, survey and research abilities of college students. The development of scientific and research abilities of college students to a certain extent depends on the existing education system. As you know, a person, in addition to satisfying his vital needs, needs to satisfy spiritual needs that are directly related to his desire for knowledge, education. research activities in the thinking of college students. At all levels of education of children and young people, there is no proper training in the methods of forming research activity in the thinking of college students, developing skills in its observance and reducing motivation for adequate behavior. No less important is the problem of the formation of research activity in the thinking of young students. At present, there is a need to resolve the contradictions that have arisen between the conditions of social life and the conditions existing in modern educational institutions in which the education of students is realized. The formation of a culture of formation of research activity in the thinking of college students today is a priority state task.

Історичний нарис розвитку епідеміології злоякісних новоутворень: сучасні реалії та перспективи розвитку

The purpose of the current study is to systematize the established causative factors of cancer based on the analysis of literary and scientific sources that highlight epidemiological findings about the influence of environmental factors on the incidence of malignant neoplasms. Research materials and methods: bibliosematic, bibliographic, hygienic, data from own research and materials from literary sources. The results. By systematizing the established causative factors of cancer based on the analysis of literary data and scientific observations in the historical aspect, the main epidemiological findings regarding the influence of environmental factors on the incidence of malignant neoplasms were determined. Special emphasis is placed on the problem of tobacco smoking. The criterion scale of the role of individual factors of the environment, production, natural and household factors to the social conditions of life in the development of cancer pathology is given. The role of epidemiological researches in the study of malignant neoplasms and the identification of causal factors is illustrated by the materials of observations of thyroid cancer in a number of regions of Ukraine 30 years after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Conclusion: Epidemiological research of malignant tumors is a promising scientific direction and, above all, in the process of studying the role of environmental pollution, climatic, geographical, professional and other factors of human life and needs wider use within Ukraine.

Socio-psychological well-being of students: Results of a sociological survey

The article presents the results of empirical studies of students aimed at identifying the socio-psychological state of students as a consequence of the transformation of the educational process under the influence of new social conditions of life. The authors conducted a questionnaire survey of 653 bachelor students studying at the Faculty of Law at Lomonosov Moscow State University in 2022. The respondents answered the questions anonymously. The results of the analysis allowed us to conclude that young people experience a number of psychological difficulties caused by adaptation to the new conditions of life, the breakdown of real communication ties and global social instability. The analysis of the empirical data showed that the most pronounced are the students’ fears related to the sociopolitical situation in the world. Also, a significant part of the students are worried about future employment, career prospects and the prospects of the economic crisis. The result of the article is recommendations for the educational institutions to work with students, which can help to stabilize their psychological condition and help during the adaptation to the new educational and social conditions.