Conditions Of Forest-steppe Research Articles

Quality indicators of new sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) varieties for high oleic and oilseed use under different growing conditions

Purpose. To study the influence of steppe and forest-steppe climatic conditions on the yield, oil content in seeds and fatty acid composition of oil in new sunflower varieties of high oleic and oilseed use. Methods. The research was conducted in accordance with “Methods of qualification examination of plant varieties for their suitability for distribution in Ukraine (general part)” and “Methods of qualification examination of plant varieties for their suitability for distribution. Methods of determining quality indicators of plant production”. The following methods were used in the research: laboratory, comparison, generalisation, mathematical statistics, analysis and synthesis to draw conclusions. Results. The fatty acid composition of the seeds of new varieties of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) of high oleic and oilseed use, grown in different soil and climatic conditions, was studied. According to the results of the analysis in the steppe zone, the variety ‘LG50648’ has the highest economic and value characteristics: oil content (51,0%), oleic acid (85.1%), yield (3.11 t/ha); varieties ‘SULIANO’ and ‘MAS 908HOCP’ – yield (3.40 and 3.91 t/ha) and oleic acid content (85.8 and 86.1%) regardless of the gro­wing conditions. It was found that high oleic sunflower varieties ‘MAS 908HOCP’, ‘LG50648’, ‘SULIANO’ grown under steppe and forest-steppe conditions yielded higher quality oil. The maximum content of oleic acid in 2022–2023 was characteristic of the seeds of the varieties ‘MAS 908HOCP’ (86.1% in the steppe and 85.8% in the forest steppe) and ‘SULIANO’. The hi­ghest linoleic acid content was obtained in the seeds of the oilseed use varieties ‘STK104’ (62.9% in the steppe and 58.5% in the forest steppe) and ‘STK103’ (61.2% in the forest steppe). Among the high oleic varieties, the best results were obtained with ‘LG50648’ (5.7% in the steppe and 5.9% in the forest steppe). Conclusions. Oil content of sunflower varieties and fatty acid composition are determined by varietal characteristics of sunflower and environmental conditions. Modern sunflower varieties, which are included in the State Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine, have high yield potential and can provide a large yield of vegetable oil per unit area. Agroclimatic conditions have different effects on the gross seed yield and oil quality in the conditions of the forest steppe and steppe of Ukraine.

Peculiarities of growth and development of sunflower hybrids when using LCS in the conditions of forest-steppe of Russia

Individual features of growth, development and dry matter accumulation by sunflower hybrids of one maturity group on typical, medium-humus, medium-loamy chernozem were studied. The research was carried out in a link of grain-plowing crop rotation on the lands of farm S.E. Nekipelov Pristensky district of Kursk region in different hydrothermal conditions in 2020–2022. The object of the study were sunflower hybrids (Sumico-Syngenta, P63LE10-Pioneer and Elion-Galaktika), sown to a depth of 4–5 cm when the soil was heated to 10 °C in the amount of 60 thousand pcs/ha of germinating seeds. The work was carried out in the technology of yield planning 40 c/ha, with the introduction of liquid complex fertilizers (HCS NР 11:37) before sowing in the amount of 50, 100 and 150 l/ha per depth 5, 10 and 15 cm. In the experiment, the traditional technology of preparing the soil for salting with the regulation of the number of the weed component by Express Sun technology was used. Due to the increased growth energy of the hybrids under consideration, the height of plants varies according to the phases of development and maturation in the studied variants reached 177–191 cm, which is 4.7–6.5% higher than the control values. The mass of plants in the sunflower agrocenosis increased in the Sumiko hybrid by 13.2%, P63LE10 by 11.1%, Elion by 12.5%. The plants of the hybrid Elion accumulate more dry matter in the aboveground mass. The use of HCS at a maximum dose of 150 l/ha when applied to a depth of 15 cm contributed to an increase in the accumulation of dry matter by the maturation phase in the plant biomass of the Sumiko hybrid by 304.3 g/m², the P63LE10 hybrid by 177.7 g/m², the Elion hybrid by 354.0 g/m², or, respectively, by 34.7%, 17.2% and 33.7% relative to the control.

The prospects for the introduction of a mesoamerican species chia Salvia hispanica L. in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia

Relevance. This article presents the results of breeding work and the introduction of the Mesoamerican culture Spanish sage or chia (Salvia hispanica L.), which is currently one of the most popular pseudo-grain crops from the family of Lamiaceae in Western countries due to its unique seeds rich in nutrients, PUFA, dietary fiber and antioxidants. In 2009, the European Union considered the seeds of the plant to be a promising type of food. There are only 17 registered genotypes of culture in the world, in the collection of GRR VIR there are two forms obtained from European countries. There are no registered varieties of Spanish sage in the state register of breeding achievements approved for use in the territory of the Russian Federation. The research of this culture is limited only by the biological side: the study of morphobiological features, its use for decorative purposes.Material and methodology. The research was conducted in the educational and experimental farm of the Omsk State Agrarian University in 2019-2023. The objects of research were several samples of various ecological and geographical origin and 2 new forms of Spanish sage obtained during local selection. All records and observations were carried out according to the following methods: field experience in vegetable growing (S.S. Litvinov, 2011), State variety testing of agricultural crops (1989), assessment of primary introduction by G.P. Semenova (2001) and variety assessment of floral ornamental plants by V.N. Bylov (1971).Results. As a result of continuous year-round introduction work, the breeders of the Omsk State Agricultural University managed to overcome the photoperiodic sensitivity of the plant and obtain adaptive forms 0/18 and 3/18. An assessment of the decorative value, the success of the introduction and the possibility of introducing new samples into production in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia is given. The first of the locally obtained forms, as more productive, was transferred to the state variety testing in 2023 under the assumed name of the variety "Siberian Emerald". Breeding work in this direction continues.

Investigation of the Formation of Productive Moisture Reserves in the Thickness of Chernozem under the Forest-Steppe Conditions

Investigation of the Formation of Productive Moisture Reserves in the Thickness of Chernozem under the Forest-Steppe Conditions

Response of oilseed flax to different level of mineral nutrition in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia

The article presents the results of studying the influence of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on the water regime of meadow-chernozem soil, yield and oil content of flax seeds in 2022–2023. on a stationary experiment at the field forage production laboratory of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Omsk ASC” in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of the Omsk region. The objects of observation are oilseed flax of the Northern variety and meado-chernozem soil. The scheme of the experiment included the following options: factor A — medium soil availability of mobile phosphorus (50-100 mg/kg according to F.V. Chirikov, background 0), increased (100–120 mg/kg, background I and 140–150 mg/kg, background II), high (150– 200 mg/kg, background III); factor B — phosphorus fertilizer (P0, P60); factor C — nitrogen fertilizer (N0, N30, N60). In this case, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers were superimposed on backgrounds of varying soil phosphorus supply. Climatic factors (temperature and precipitation) determined the initial reserve of total moisture in the soil when sowing oil flax, which was at the level of 82% of the lowest moisture capacity in a meter layer and did not depend on the background phosphorus supply. Mineral fertilizers increased crop productivity. Its highest yield was observed against the background of an increased supply of soil with mobile phosphorus (1.71 t/ha) with the pre-sowing application of ammonium nitrate and ammophos. The oil content of flax, on the contrary, decreased when using fertilizers. Its highest indicators (39.5%) were observed against background II when using phosphorus fertilizers.

ВЛИЯНИЕ АГРОТЕХНОЛОГИИ ВОЗДЕЛЫВАНИЯ ГОРОХА НА БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ И АГРОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА ЛУГОВО-ЧЕРНОЗЕМНОЙ ПОЧВЫ

The aim of research is to establish patterns of changes in biological and agrochemical parameters of meadow-chernozem soil with long-term use of resource-saving treatments and chemicalization means in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia. Stationary studies were conducted in the forest-steppe of the Omsk Region in a grain-fallow crop rotation (fallow – wheat – peas – wheat – barley) under a pea crop at the Omsk Agricultural Research Center. The parameters of changes in the number of individual physiological groups of microorganisms and indicators of biological activity of meadow-chernozem soil under peas were established using agricultural technologies with different levels of intensification, including the minimum-zero tillage system in crop rotation. It was determined that when using complex chemicalization agents in combination with No-till technology of soil cultivation, the activity of bacteria capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen increased by 34 %, saprotrophic and amylolytic microorga¬nisms – by 13 and 17 % in relation to the control, respectively. The activity of the oxidation-reduction enzyme catalase when using intensification agents, regardless of the technology of pea cultivation, decreased to 28 % of the control. The use of intensification agents led to an increase in the content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil during the budding period, mobile phosphorus by 4 or more times. When assessing the anthropogenic impact on soil microflora, we used the definition of total biological activity, including all the studied biological tests in relative percentages. According to this indicator, soil cultivation options are arranged in a row in ascending order: combined < moldboard < minimum-zero.

МОНИТОРИНГ ВОЗБУДИТЕЛЯ КАМЕННОЙ ГОЛОВНИ ЯЧМЕНЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЛЕСОСТЕПИ ПРИОБЬЯ

The aim of research is to study the racial composition of the population of the causative agent of the di-sease Ustilago hordei in the forest-steppe conditions of the Priobie Region. The studies were conducted in 2009–2023 in field conditions against the infectious background of the phytopathological section of the plant gene pool laboratory SibRIPP&B – Branch of IC&G SB RAS, Novosibirsk District, Novosibirsk Region. The objects of study were seven differentiating varieties of the generally accepted Russian set (Excelsior, Himalaya, Hannchen, Lion, Nepal, Pannier, Trebi). The experiments were placed on fallow. Sowing was carried out in the first ten days of May. The accounting reaction of each variety was recorded by the maximum damage. Diseased and healthy ears were counted in the phase of full grain maturity. The degree of plant resistance was determined according to the scale of V.I. Krivchenko, where R is resistant varieties (damage up to 10 %), S is susceptible varieties (damage more than 10 %). Analysis of experimental data showed that the Novosibirsk population of U. hordei in 2009, 2010 and 2014 was represented by race 7, in 2011 and 2013 race 3 predominated in the population of the causative agent of hard smut, and in 2012 – race 2. In 2015, the racial composition changed and race 12 appeared in the population. Since 2016, the population has not been differentiated into races; the Excelsior and Hannchen varieties carrying the Ruh 2 and Ruh 1 genes have shown a susceptible reaction (for eight years). The highly resistant Himalaya variety-differentiator shows a type of reaction that does not correspond to the known key for determining races. The Pannier variety has shown stable resistance to the stone smut pathogen over all years of observation.

ЗЕРНОПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ И АДАПТАЦИОННЫЙ ПОТЕНЦИАЛ СОРТОВ ЛЮПИНА УЗКОЛИСТНОГО В УСЛОВИЯХ КРАСНОЯРСКОЙ ЛЕСОСТЕПИ

The aim of research is to evaluate the varieties of angustifolia lupine in terms of grain yield and adaptability parameters in the conditions of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe. Long-term field experiments were carried out on the experimental field of the Borsky Scientific and Production Complex of the Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University in 2020–2022. The objects of the study are the varieties of narrow-leaved lupine: Vityaz, Belozerny 110, Belorozovy 144, Bryansky Kormovoy, Nadezhda, Siderat 46, Uzkolistny 53 and the SN 78-07 variety sample. Meteorological conditions during the years of the study varied. The 2020 growing season was warm and moisture-rich, the environmental conditions index (Ij) was 4.7. In 2021, during the main periods of growth and development, with the exception of the 3rd ten-day period of June, there was a significant moisture deficit against the background of air temperatures exceeding the climatic norm, the environmental conditions index was negative (–3.8). In 2022, uneven moisture was observed, sharp temperature changes at the beginning of plant development, the environmental conditions index was negative (–0.9). The average grain yield varied from 11.5 c/ha (variety Nadezhda) to 20.3 c/ha (variety Siderat 46). The contribution of the "vegetation conditions" factor to the formation of the lupine grain yield was 60.8 %, the contribution of the "variety" factor was 31.2 %. The varieties Belozerny 110 (bi = 1.16) and Siderat 46 (bi = 1.39) have high ecological plasticity. The highest ecological stability was noted in the varieties Siderat 46 and Uzkolistny 53, in both genotypes Sd2 = 0.02. The Vityaz variety surpasses other varieties in stress resistance. The highest genetic flexibility was demonstrated by the varieties Siderat 46, Vityaz, Belorozovy 144 and the variety sample SN 78-07. The yield range was 34.4 % (Vityaz) – 50.0 % (Nadezhda). In gene¬ral, according to the adaptive capabilities, the varieties of narrow-leaved lupine were distributed according to a decreasing trend as follows: Siderat 46 > Vityaz > SN 78-7 = Narrow-leaved 53 > Belorozovy 144 > Belozerny 110 > Nadezhda > Bryansky Kormovoy.

Bioenergy estimation of spring barley and oat varieties’ cultivation depending on seed-sowing rates in the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe

The purpose of the current study was a bioenergy estimation of different seed sowing rates of spring barley and oat varieties in the conditions of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe. The trials were carried out in the village of Minino, Emelyanovsky district, Krasnoyarsky Krai in 2021–2023. The objects of the study were the spring barley varieties ‘Abalak’, ‘Takmak’, ‘Oplot’, ‘Biom’ and the spring oat varieties ‘Tubinsky’, ‘Sayan’, ‘Kazyr’, ‘Uspekh’. Experimental schemes were as follows: barley varieties with seeding rates of 3.5, 4.0, 4.5 million germ. grains per hectare; oat varieties with seeding rates of 4.0, 4.5, 5.0 million germ. grains per hectare. High yields (5.60–5.71 t/ha) were produced by the barley varieties ‘Oplot’ and ‘Takmak’, while other varieties produced less on 0.9–1.4 t/ha. There has been revealed that the reproduction coefficient of barley seeds increased to 34.6 at a seed-sowing rate of 3.5 million germ. grains per hectare and decreased to 22.2–31.3 at a seed-sowing rate of 4.5 million germ. grains per hectare. There has been established that among oats, the variety ‘Tubinsky’ produced the highest yield of 4.79 t/ha at a seeding rate of 5.0 million germ. grains per hectare, followed by the variety ‘Sayan’ with 4.85 t/ha, the new promising variety ‘Uspekh’ with 4.67 t/ha and ‘Kazyr’ with 4.53 t/ha. The reproduction coefficient reached 26.9–29.7 with 4.0 million germ. grains per hectare and 21.3–23.5 at 5.0 million germ. grains per hectare. The energy estimation has shown that the optimal seed-sowing rate is 4.5 million germ. grains per hectare for barley varieties and 4.0 million germ. grains per hectare for oat varieties. The total energy increase (the difference between the total energy and energy costs) was 94.4 and 83.2 GJ/ha for the barley varieties ‘Takmak’ and ‘Oplot’, respectively and 58.9 and 59.0 GJ/ha for the oat varieties ‘Tubinsky’ and ‘Sayan’.

Qualitative indicators of spring wheat varieties in the conditions of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe

Qualitative indicators of spring wheat varieties in the conditions of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe

THE INFLUENCE OF HERBICIDE PROTECTION TECHNOLOGIES ON ECONOMICALLY VALUABLE TRAITS AND YIELD OF SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS IN THE CENTRAL FOREST-STEPPE OF UKRAINE

In the conditions of the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine during 2021–2023, the influence of herbicide protection technologies on the formation of plant height, basket diameter, oil content and yield of sunflower hybrids was studied. Twelve sunflower hybrids were studied: SY Bacardi CLP, NK Kondi, SUZUKA (Syngenta Crop Protection AG), LG5555 CLP, LG5580, LG59580 (Limagrain Europe), ЕS GENESIS, ES Bellamis CL, ES AROMATIC SU (Euralis Semences), P64LP130, PR64F66, P64LE25 (Pioneer Overseas Corporation). Sunflower hybrids were studied using classical, Express (or SUMO), Clearfield® Plus (CLP) herbicide protection technologies. Taking into account the agrometeorological conditions of sunflower hybrids cultivation and their genetic potential, it was found that under the Express Sun (or SUMO) herbicide protection technology of Dupont (consisting of sunflower hybrids resistant to tribenuron-methyl-based products), the most stable was the height of sunflower plants in SUZUKA (194–197 cm) and P64LE25 (206–207 cm) hybrids. According to the technology of herbicide protection Clearfield® Plus (CLP) by BASF (based on the resistance of sunflower hybrids to herbicides of the imidazoline group), the highest stability in plant height was shown by the hybrid LG5555 CLP (175–177 cm). According to the classical technology, using soil and post-emergence herbicides and graminicides with elements of mechanical control, the hybrid ES Bellamis SL had the greatest variation in plant height from 177 cm to 223 cm during the three years of research. The most stable was the diameter of the sunflower basket in the hybrid SI Bacardi CLP (22.3–22.5 cm) with Clearfield® Plus (CLP) herbicide protection technology. According to the Express Sun (or SUMO) herbicide protection technology, high indicators of the basket diameter were obtained in the hybrids ES AROMATIC SU (20.7–23.2 cm) and SUZUKA (19.3–23.3 cm). The highest yields per plot were recorded for hybrids SUZUKA (11.15 kg), ES AROMATIC SU (11.05 kg) and P64LE25 (10.84 kg) using Clearfield® Plus (CLP) herbicide protection technology. The hybrids that provided the best yields and formed high quality seeds were P64LE25 (3.86 t/ha), with an oil content of 47.2%; ES AROMATIC SU (3.95 t/ha), with an oil content of 47.1%; and SUZUKA (3.98 t/ha), with an oil content of 47.7%, using Clearfield® Plus (CLP) herbicide protection technology. With Express Sun (or SUMO) technology, the best hybrid was LG5580 (4.0 t/ha), with an oil content of 48.6%.

IMPROVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY COMPONENT OF DAMAGED SUBSTRATES BY SAPONITE CLAY INCLUSION

In this proposed article, the impact on the elemental composition of sand substrates is determined using the example of the Andriykovetskyi quarry-dump complex and the Barsukivskyi sand pit, which are located in the Central Podillya region in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe. It was determined, that saponite clay contains a significant amount of macro- and micro- elements, and the directions of this use depend on the composition and origin of saponite: in agriculture, in industry, in construction, an application as a sorbent or as meliorant, etc. It is noted that the use of saponite as an ameliorant is an economical and cost-effective method of reclamation, which allows to reduce the burden on the environment caused by the extraction of minerals, pollution of the territory by heavy metals, the conduct of hostilities, etc. General scientific (analysis), statistical (statistical analysis) and laboratory methods (Fourier-transform spectroscopy) were used to assess the qualitative composition of inorganic and organic components of sand-saponite mixtures and to determine saponite clay as a potentially fertile material. To conduct the research, an averaged sample of sand was taken from the Andriykovetskyi quarry and dump complex and from the Barsukivskyi sand pit. For comparison with reference values, a zonal soil sample was taken from undisturbed areas. Saponite from the Tashkiv deposit with a fraction of 0.1 mm was used for sand-saponite mixtures, the ratio of sand substrate to saponite is 70% to 30%. According to the results of the study of the qualitative composition of the inorganic component, it was determined, that saponite has a positive effect on the composition of the sand-saponite mixture in terms of providing plants with nutrients, such as macro- and micro- elements (Mg, K, Na, Cu, Zn, Ca). This confirms the positive effect of saponite on plant growth, which was obtained by us in previous biotesting experiments, and is explained by the fact that the elements of the sand-saponite substrate are available to plants as a result of their transition into the substrate solution. Adding saponite to the substrate of sand pits also increases the content of organic substances, which accelerates the processes of humification and the formation of soil aggregates: humic acid contributes to the bonding of soil particles; carbohydrates sucrose, fructose, glucose and lactose create a nutrient environment for plants; stearates and stearic acid are the main soap components, lauric acid is a foaming catalyst, their presence in sand-saponite mixtures indicates their transition from saponite. When comparing the samples of sand-saponite mixtures of the Andriykovetskyi quarry-dump complex and the Barsukivskyi sand pit, it was concluded that the processes of soil formation began in the substrate of the Andriykovetskyi quarry-dump complex, since the composition of organic matter is greater here.

Energy and economic efficiency of forage crop rotations under different fertilisation systems in conditions of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe

Energy and economic efficiency of forage crop rotations under different fertilisation systems in conditions of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe

Динамика численности клопов-щитников родов Aelia и Neottiglossa (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae) на зарастающих гарях Усманского бора (Воронежская область)

Based on quantitative counts of the abundance of four species of the genera Aelia and Neottiglossa (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae), the process of formation of their populations in the overgrown burnt areas of the Usman Forest (Voronezh region) after a fire in 2010 was modeled. It has been established that mesoxerophilic species Ae. acuminata and N. leporina appeared in the formerly burnt areas 5–6 years after the fire. The mesophilic species N. pusilla is a permanent inhabitant of ecotone biotopes and has not shown a tendency to colonize the formerly burnt areas. Xerophilic Ae. rostrata colonized the overgrown burnt area ten years after the fire, reflecting the process of xerophylization of the post-pyrogenic ecosystem in forest-steppe conditions.

Adaptive potential of winter common wheat varieties in the Penza region

The current paper has presented the results of long-term study (2014–2023) of productivity, adaptability parameters and correlation between a genotype and environment of winter common wheat varieties in the forest-steppe conditions of the Penza region. The purpose of the study was to determine the response of winter common wheat varieties in changing agroclimatic conditions according to productivity. The vegetation conditions during the years of study varied in temperature and amount of precipitation, which served as a good background for conducting research on the issue in question. The objects for the study were 9 zoned varieties approved for cultivation in the Middle Volga region and 5 winter common wheat varieties developed by the FSBRI CBFC. The zoned winter common wheat variety ‘Fotiniya’ was used as a standard. The years of the varieties’ study were divided into favorable, typical (mean) and unfavorable (dry, excessively wet). Winter common wheat productivity in favorable years averaged 5.68 t/ha, in typical years it was 4.32 t/ha and 2.19 t/ in unfavorable years. As a result of determining the response of winter common wheat varieties in changing agroclimatic conditions according to productivity, there was proven a strong effect of environmental conditions and genotype. There have been proposed for breeding use such valuable and stable genotypes of winter common wheat as ‘Biryuza’, ‘Skipetr’, ‘Don-eko’, ‘Alyonushka’, ‘Pamyati Krivobocheka’, ‘Surskaya Nika’, ‘Dargo’, which should be placed on a high and medium agricultural background. The varieties ‘Fotiniya’ and ‘Klavdiya 2’ are highly adaptable to unfavorable cultivation conditions and will have an advantage over other varieties in medium and low agricultural backgrounds.

Засоренность посевов яровой пшеницы при применении ресурсосберегающих технологий обработки почвы

The purpose of research is to study the influence of primary tillage systems on the weed infestation of spring wheat crops placed on green manure fallow in a five-field grain-fallow crop rotation. Objectives: to study the weed infestation of spring wheat crops; to establish the effectiveness of herbicide use; to determine the grain yield of spring wheat. The study was carried out in 2017–2022 in the conditions of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe on leached chernozem, which is characterized by an increased humus content (6.1–8.0 %) and a neutral reaction of the soil solution (pH – 6.1–7.0). The object of the study is spring wheat of the Novosibirskaya 15 variety. The research results showed that the bulk of weeds in the studied variants are represented by a group of young plants. Different tillage systems influenced the quantitative and species composition of weeds. When soil tillage is minimized, the number of weeds increases and their species composition changes. In spring wheat crops under the studied tillage options, the most numerous group of weeds were young ones. The most common species found in spring wheat crops were bedstraw (Galium aparine L.) and millet (Echinochloa crusgalli (L.). Their share in the total number of weeds in the variant with plowing was 71.4 %, without tillage – 81.4 %. There was a significant change in the share of biological groups of young and perennial weeds in the option without tillage during the study period. The share of young weeds in 2022 decreased compared to 2017 from 93.1 to 58.8 %, while the number of perennial weeds increased from 6.9 to 41.2 %.Over the years of the study (2017–2022), a change in the species composition of weeds was established. In the option without tillage, such species as yellow sow thistle, medicinal dandelion, hemlock, and small petal, which were absent in 2017, appear in spring wheat crops.

Наследование массы 1000 зерен гибридами ярового ячменя

The purpose of research is to study the nature of inheritance of the trait “weight of 1000 grains” by hybrids of spring barley in the conditions of the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe. The experiments were carried out in the forest-steppe zone of the Krasnoyarsk Region in 2019–2021 on ordinary thin chernozem: humus content (according to Tyurin) – 4.67 %, N-NO3 (ionometric express method) – 10.5 mg/kg soil, P2O5 and K2O (according to Chirikov) – 21.2 and 16.4 mg/100 g of soil, respectively, the reaction of the soil solution in the water extract is neutral (pH 6.6). The predecessor is pure fallow. The weather conditions of the growing seasons during the years of study were characterized by uneven precipitation between months and were similar: 2020 – excess moisture (HTC = 1.62) and 2021. – sufficient moisture (HTC = 1.38). Four parental forms took part in the genetic analysis – Olenek, E-76-5695, Bagrets and Kalita; crosses were carried out according to a complete 4×4 diallelic scheme. The weight of 1000 grains in most hybrid combinations is inherited according to the type of intermediate inheritance (Hp = –0.5…+0.5). For this trait, the variety Kalita (46.4; 53.0 g) and the hybrids obtained with its participation were identified: Olenek × Kalita (52.3 g), Kalita × Olenek (54.3 g), E-76-5695 × Kalita (50.0), Kalita × Bagrets (51.3). In the first generation (F1), types of inheritance of the number of grains in an ear were noted – from depression (D–) to positive overdominance (SD+), 25.0 % of combinations showed true heterosis (Hp from +1.42 to +11.83). The stu¬died trait is controlled predominantly by a dominant genetic system with a predominance of recessive gene effects (F = –5.24 and –4.20 < 0) in both generations. The variety Kalita ((Veresk × Roland) × Gonar) of Chelyabinsk selection is recommended as a donor for increasing the weight of 1000 grains of barley (gi – 2.3354 and 1.1188).

Изменение крупности зерна перспективных линий и сортов яровой мягкой пшеницы

The purpose of research is to study the varietal variability of the grain size trait of spring soft wheat and to identify new promising lines of wheat with stable 1000 grain weight indicators. The studies were carried out in 2018–2022 on the basis of the Volga NIISS – a branch of the SamSRC RAS. The location of the field research is the forest-steppe conditions of the Samara Region. The object of research is 4 zoned varieties and 13 new promising lines of spring soft wheat of the competitive variety testing (CVT) of the Volga NIISS. The growing seasons of plants for the 2018–2022 studies took place in arid and at times severely arid conditions. The weight of 1000 grains of spring soft wheat varied on average over the years from 31.4 to 38.5 g. In 2019 and 2022 larger grains were formed compared to other years studied. Weather conditions 2019 and 2022 had a positive effect on grain filling and, accordingly, on the weight of 1000 grains. The largest grains were distinguished by: variety Kinelskaya 59 – 38.5 g; line Erythrospermum 4144 – 36.2; Erythrospermum 6517/24-1 – 36.0 g. The highest homeostaticity and the lowest intravarietal variability were observed in the Erythrospermum 6635/3 line (104.1 and 2.89 %, respectively); this line was less sensitive to changes in soil and climatic conditions. Also, high homeostaticity and low intravarietal variabi¬lity in terms of “weight of 1000 seeds” were observed in the following varieties: Kinelskaya Niva, Kinelskaya 2010, Kinelskaya Yubileinyaya and line Erythrospermum 4144. Selected samples based on the trait “weight of 1000 grains” are recommended for inclusion in breeding crossbreeding programs.

Phenological observations on the growth and development of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

There is a need to summarise information using phenological models to develop a sustainable saffron production technology with further regulation of flowering at a certain phenological stage and determination of the appropriate flowering period to improve yield and quality under different environmental conditions. The purpose of the study is to establish the course of phenological phases of saffron growth and development in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Phenological observations and biometric measurements were performed in the study. According to field observations, there are a total of 6 phenological stages of saffron development. The rest period lasts from the third ten days of May to October and is divided into primary and secondary dormancy. During the primary dormant period, corms do not show external morphological changes and growth, but internal physiological and morphogenetic changes occur. In the secondary dormant period, the initial emergence of leaves and flowers and their differentiation take place. During the dormant period, saffron plants were left without aboveground organs. The flowering period falls in October. The passage of this phenological stage may be affected by changes in environmental conditions or agricultural technology. The growth of the root system began with the appearance of flowers and leaves. During the growing season, the growth of the leaf apparatus and the development of the root system continue. During this period, daughter corms are also formed from the buds of the mother corm. During the winter, the replacement corms continue to grow using the nutrient reserves of the mother corm. In early March, the development of the root system slows down and the daughter corms reach almost the final size. At the end of the growing season, the root system of the mother corm stops growing. The leaves begin to age from the top to the base. By the end of May, the daughter corms are fully developed and are preparing for the transition to a dormant state. The number of corms produced per unit area depends on the age of the plot, nutrient supply, and the level of agricultural technology. Older fields produce more corms. Due to the higher density, a larger yield of stamens is formed. Therefore, understanding the phenological reactions and influence of climatic factors on the stages of saffron growth and development in certain soil and climatic conditions is useful for future forecasting of harvest time

The effectiveness of use of liquid organic-mineral fertilizers of the chelated type Batr in sugar beet crops in the conditions of forest steppe of the Central Black-Earth Region

The effectiveness of use of liquid organic-mineral fertilizers of the chelated type Batr in sugar beet crops in the conditions of forest steppe of the Central Black-Earth Region