Conditions Of Emergency Research Articles

Teenager Response to the Conditions of Basic Level Emergency: A Phenomenology Study

Teenager Response to the Conditions of Basic Level Emergency: A Phenomenology Study

Проблема определения динамических параметров для прогноза ресурса зданий и сооружений в условиях природных и техногенных ЧС

Проблема определения динамических параметров для прогноза ресурса зданий и сооружений в условиях природных и техногенных ЧС

Роль державного управління у системі забезпечення цивільного захисту в Україні

Emergencies carry out considerable influence on social, economic, political and other processes in society. Therefore state administration in the conditions of emergencies of different character is one of more important functions of the state in relation to providing of steady development and national safety of country. An increase of efficiency of state administration in the field of it is a pressing question that appears before the organs of state administration in modern terms. But his reformation needs the self-weighted and rational decisions taking into account positive home experience that was formed under act of certain historical terms. One of major features of professional activity of civil servants there is her orientation on preparation, acceptance and realization of administrative decisions that are especially actual in the conditions of origin of emergencies, as miscalculations are at their liquidation, as a rule, descendant absence of sufficient experience and necessary knowledge for the leaders of all corresponding links of management. The primary purpose of functioning of the single state system of civil defence is realization of public policy in the field of civil defence. Thus, efficiency of functioning of the single state system of civil defence is in direct dependence on the quality planning, namely: developments of plans of basic events of civil defence, actions of organs of management, forces and reacting. In turn, quality of designing documents depends on ability of leaders of all levels to forecast risks, take into account multi-variant approach of consequences and feature of emergencies, clearly to plan events in relation to prevention of emergencies and liquidation of their consequences. An important role in the field of it is taken to the strategic planning of preventive events the task of that consists in reduction of risks of threat of origin of emergencies, and in case of their origin of − in softening of consequences. Unfortunately, in practice of organization of planning of events the cases of ignoring of results of prognosis, underestimation of level of threats of origin of emergencies and, as a result, ill-timed reacting, prevention and liquidation of consequences of emergencies take place in the sphere of civil situations.

BODIES OF THE EXECUTIVE AUTHORITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE EMERGENCE OF THE EXTERNAL SITUATION

In the scientific article the problems of activity of local bodies of executive power and local self-government bodies in the conditions of emergence of an emergency are investigated.
 Based on the analysis of the actions of the leadership of local authorities, local self-government bodies in the conditions of an emergency situation and conducted command-and-staff exercises, it has been established that their decisions are not always accepted optimally correct, and the organization of work on the elimination of the consequences of an emergency, evacuation of the population requires improvement .
 The lack of knowledge of the leadership of local executive bodies about their functional responsibilities in matters of organization of evacuation and life support of the population is revealed.
 It has been established that the management body does not have the skills to manage forces and means in the conditions of emergencies, has insufficient level of preparation for the organization of interaction between the authorities and forces. There are problems with the preparation of operational and reporting documentation.
 The content of the tasks of the head of the work and the emergency response staff, the list of operational and reporting documentation is considered.
 The scientific article provides suggestions for raising the level of training of the management staff and specialists, whose activities are related to the organization and implementation of measures on civil protection of local executive bodies, local government bodies in the field of Central Asia.

Social Representations in Studying Information, Knowledge, and Mediations: A Critical Review

This text addresses the concept of social representations, as well as its uses and epistemological limits in the processes of production, distribution, and appropriation of information and knowledge. From a critical and systematic documentary–bibliographical analysis, this paper aims at shedding light on the conditions of emergency and functioning of social representations and their role in building up shared meanings. The article connects objectification and anchoring mechanisms from the formation processes of social representations with strategies of meaning construction, and therefore, of knowledge acquisition, in relation to information exchange in different psychosocial stages. Finally, we aim at trying to reflect on the socio-cultural aspects that shape information and communication phenomena, and the significance of the mediations paradigm in this regard.

State of Exception in the Anglo-American Liberal Tradition

This essay identifies conceptual and institutional approaches within the Anglo-American liberal tradition for meeting security challenges without compromising constitutional and ethical principles. From its seventeenth century beginnings, political liberalism has confronted the problematic of the ‘state of exception,’ and has elaborated a repertoire of ideas and institutions for governing exigencies that remain instructive. In the first half of the twentieth century, responding to Carl Schmitt’s critique of liberal insufficiency, liberal thinkers, especially in the United States, sought to show how liberal polities can govern emergency situations within the scope of law. Following historical and political developments since the mid-twentieth century, the solutions proposed by such figures as Carl Joachim Friedrich and Clinton Rossiter no longer seem adequate to present conditions of prolonged emergency. Fresh institutional imagination is needed. The article concludes by offering four broad guidelines for allaying today’s tensions between security and liberty.

Работа в структурах медицинских служб гражданской обороны и чрезвычайных ситуаций как составная часть квалификационной категории врача-психиатра

Introduction : the predicted increase in anthropogenic, technogenic, social, military, possible space disasters and emergencies attracts the attention of health organizers, doctors of specialists and especially psychologists and psychiatrists in connection with the need to provide assistance to the victims, as well as to develop principles, strategies and tactics, methods and means of providing timely psycho-psychiatric care. The aim of the work: was to justify the need for the psychiatrist to prepare for work in emergency situations of catastrophes, natural disasters and terrorist acts. Materials and methods : five qualifying works of a psychiatrist of the highest category are analyzed: 1997 (analysis of work for 1994–1996); 2002 (1999–2001); 2008 (2005–2007); 2013 (2010–2012) and 2018 (2015–2017) for the work of the Medical Service of Civil Defense (MSCD) and emergency situations as an integral part of the mandatory requirements for the execution of documents when they are submitted to the Attestation Commission for the assignment of qualification medical category in psychiatry. The depth of the study was 24 years. Methodical approaches were used: system, complex, dynamic, normative, quantitative and situational. Methods of analysis included: historical, analytical and comparison. Methods were used: groupings, continuous and selective observations. Results : the work of a psychiatrist in the structure of MSCD and ES is analyzed from the standpoint of: 1. Personal participation in the development of educational and methodological and lecture materials for the preparation of the population for action in the context of civil defense and emergencies; 2. The actions of the doctor in the workplace in a medical institution with possible «everyday» emergencies; 3. Work in the medical-nursing brigade of the civil defense system; 4. Participation in the structure of psycho-psychiatric care for the population in emergencies. Conclusions 1. In accordance with normative legal documents and official duties, a psychiatrist must provide psychiatric assistance to the population in emergency situations and know the organization and activities of the medical service of civil defense. 2. A psychiatrist for successful work should undergo special training in the basic modules of the Psychological and Psychiatric Service of the Emergency Situations: 1) The Department of Anonymous Psychological and Psychiatric Assistance by telephone; 2) an advisory visiting team of psycho-psychiatric care; 3) Department of psychological and psychiatric care; 4) Cabinet of psychological and psychiatric care. 3. Medical workers who survived emergencies should be treated as victims, who need comprehensive psycho-psychiatric care and careful corporate support, with a gradual return to normal occupational loads. 4. The contingent of professional rescuers under conditions of emergencies is exposed to the extreme factors of the current situation and is a risk group for the development of affective spectrum disorders. They may experience psycho-pathological disorders of exogenous organic origin with a tendency to gradually formulate variants of psycho-organic syndrome and polysystemic psychosomatic disorders. 5. The multifaceted work of a psychiatrist in the MSCD system and the emergency situation should be a weighty additional argument in favor of a positive decision on awarding the qualification category declared by him.

УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ СИСТЕМИ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-АНАЛІТИЧНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ПІДГОТОВКИ НАСЕЛЕННЯ ДО ДІЙ У НАДЗВИЧАЙНИХ СИТУАЦІЯХ

The purpose of the article is to determine the ways of improving the system of information and analysis support for the population to conduct themselves properly under conditions of emergency. The main course of action to improve the information and analysis support on preparing the population to act in emergency is proposed. It is proved that the increase in the number of victims in emergencies in Ukraine is the low level of population awareness of their behavior during disasters, and the system of information and analysis support which helps to train the population how to act at the time of crises and emergency needs to be improved. The rationality of methodical assistance during on-site training on the issues of civil protection at the local level is reasoned. The main course of action to improve the information and analysis support on preparing the population to act in emergency is proposed.

Моделювання процесу координаційної взаємодії в системі оперативного управління в умовах виникнення надзвичайних ситуацій з використанням мультиагентної парадигми

Моделювання процесу координаційної взаємодії в системі оперативного управління в умовах виникнення надзвичайних ситуацій з використанням мультиагентної парадигми

Моделювання й розроблення програмного комплексу для розв’язання завдань координаційного керування в умовах виникнення просторово-розподілених надзвичайних ситуацій

Моделювання й розроблення програмного комплексу для розв’язання завдань координаційного керування в умовах виникнення просторово-розподілених надзвичайних ситуацій

Organization of Preventive Vaccination against Dysentery under Conditions of Critical Emergencies Caused by Flood (Using the Example of Khabarovsk Territory)

Aim: epidemiological zoning of the territory of Khabarovsk region that was conducted in accordance with levels of potential epidemic risk regarding dysentery in order to specify the priority of vaccination measures and non-specific prophylaxis of the reported infection under conditions of liquidation of flood aftermath. Materials and methods. Epidemiological zoning of the territory of Khabarovsk region was conducted by ranging based on the sigmal deviation method of long-term annual average dysentery incidence rates. Efficiency evaluation of specific and non-specific prophylactic measures were conducted by comparison of dysentery incidence rates in 2013 with long-term annual average rates. Results and discussion. In the study, calculated sigmal intervals were used as criteria to classify administrative entities of Khabarovsk region as one of the groups ranged by the levels of tension of epidemiological situation in the territory: satisfactory, relatively tense, significantly tense, and critical. Two last groups of Khabarovsk region territories most of which are geographically associated with basin of the Amur River were classified as territories that are under risk of complication of the epidemiological situation on dysentery during the period of large-scale flood. Conducted analysis was used as the basis to provide emergency measures on preventive vaccination against dysentery and coverage with phage therapy of the population aggravated by flood of 2013. Conclusion. Through the example of Khabarovsk region, it was shown significance of detection of risk territories in order to substantiate specific prophylaxis of dysentery that is performed under epidemic indications. Significant decrease of dysentery incidence rates due to introduction of vaccination among inhabitants of most territories of Khabarovsk region covered by flood, it proves to be epidemiologically effective in the period of emergency situations.

Some Features of the Public Protection of Personal Intangible Benefits

The article analyses legal protection of personal intangible benefits provided by the constitutional, criminal,criminal procedure and administrative law. Public protection, according to the author, possessessome special features such as purpose, forms, methods, order and guarantees of protection of the personalintangible rights. It is noted that the protection mechanism of personal intangible rights consists ofjurisdictional and non-jurisdictional forms of protection, and of personal (self-defense), collective (social),administrative and judicial protection forms. In the article, the author specifies that justifiable defense andinfliction of harm in the conditions of emergency can be considered as public methods of self-defense.Some substantial defects of these institutes interfere their effective application. According to the author,mass-meetings, processions, demonstrations, picketing can be referred to collective (social) methods ofthe public protection of personal intangible benefits. A special attention in the article is paid to studying theguarantees of the public protection provided to some personal intangible benefits in case of application ofa jurisdictional form of protection. As a result of research, the author comes, in particular, to the followingconclusions. First, the legal protection of the personal intangible benefits provided by norms of the publiclaw has multidimensional character. Secondly, recognition of the intangible benefits as objects of legalprotection in public law gives them nature of public values encroachment on which violates the rights andinterests not only individuals, but the states and societies in general. Thirdly, the compensation orientationof legal protection of the personal intangible benefits isn’t traced accurately in the public law and is connectedwith the moral satisfaction. The satisfaction of the victims, his relatives and other uncertain circleof people who knew about the socially dangerous act is a result of involvement of the guilty person to thecriminal or administrative responsibility. Fourthly, the analysis of the norms of the public law allows statingthat the state recognizes the special value of honor, dignity and business reputation of the officials.

ANALYSIS OF NATURAL AND MAN-MADE THREATS FOR REGIONAL SECURITY IN UKRAINE

During the study the regions of the state have been considered as a multi-dynamic system with complex large-scale communications both within individual levels and between all levels. The main elements of region protection including population, industrial objects and environment were used for the analysis of functions of regional security. As such it was suggested that risk analysis at the regional level is closely linked with an analysis of threats which determine the level of region’s security. The theoretical basis of evaluation of the security regions can be associated with the reliability theory in terms of emergencies which should be considered as a failure of the substantial elements that lead to the violation of their sustainability. The methodology for assessing levels of region’s security of the state with the use of reliability theory to analyze the impact of natural and man-made threats to the protection of the main objects of the region including the components of the environment, objects and people is anticipated. This provides the opportunity to carry out a comparative analysis of regional ecological security, scientific substantiate an acceptable level of risk for each of them, as well as effectively allocate available funds to prevent negative consequences of threats between regions. On the basis of described methodology the assessment of natural and man-made threats of regional security of the Ivano-Frankivsk region of Ukraine is carried out. The hypothesis that the consequences of various emergencies at regional level are distributed on Poisson law is tested with the use of Pearson criteria. The dynamics of change of volumes of deficiency of gross regional product as a result of losses from the emergencies of different origin is analyzed. The proposed methodology for assessment of region’s security levels will allow more reasonably determine the acceptable level of risk of emergency for each of them, effectively allocate the available material and financial resources between regions to prevent the negative consequences of emergency. In general it will provide tangible improvement for the security of population, industrial objects and the environment in the conditions of various emergencies of different origin possible in the state.

Le collectif de travail à l’épreuve du risque d’erreur médicale

The health workers are daily faced with multiple decisions that depend both on individual skills and professional practices as well as on the collective action taken. When decisions are made under conditions of uncertainty and emergency, as it is often the case in intensive care unit, they become elicitors of stress. The aim of this study was to examine the links that the health workers usually make between their teamwork functioning and the chance for medical errors when vital prognosis is concerned. More especially, we addressed the main topic of medical error focalizing on the health workers’ professional relationships, the way the role played by the team was seen, and the work atmosphere. To this aim, we conducted interviews in two intensive care units with 10 nurses, 10 young and 10 senior doctors who reported having encounter medical error at least on time throughout their career. After transcription, the interview contents were analyzed according to the approach of the interpretative phenomenological method. This qualitative methodology was carried-out in order to identify the discourse's units as well as the core themes. Our findings provided evidence for a team's collective sense of confidence based on the shared view that their procedures stand on scientific and technical rationality, the critical role given to transferable skills for the group cohesion, the core aspect of good atmosphere among workers and the ambivalent influence of heterogeneous functions. Data showed different but complementary interindividual and institutional supports. They also emphasized the risk that health workers fall back on their professional role when they are faced with medical errors. However, results also indicated that the collective dimension of labor relations might promote the knowledge of the reality of the colleagues’ work. As a consequence, teamwork can be a relevant alternative to expert's attitude. Strengthening the links among health workers remains the main way to prevent medical errors and to manage individual and collective distress.

From Schmitt to Foucault: Inquiring the Relationship between Exception and Democracy

This article examines the debated relationship between liberal- democratic politics and states of exception in conditions of emergency. After Walter Benjamin and Giorgio Agamben, it is often maintained that today we live in a situation of perennial exceptionalism, where emergency measures have become a regular practice even by governments we name ‘democratic’. In these circumstances, exception is deemed to threaten democracy and hinder individual and collective political agency. Yet, such interpretation remains rigidly focused on the expanded governmental powers ushered by the exception. The article first unpacks how the relationship between exception and democracy has been differently addressed by juridical and biopolitical approaches. Then, it attempts an alternative heuristic: it discusses possibilities of democratic associative practices in emergency by looking at the notion of resistance that Michel Foucault links with power. This route remains unexplored in the literature on the concept of the exception.

Opportunities of endovideosurgical interventions in thoracic and abdominal trauma

To analyze the results of laparo- and thoracoscopy in patients with thoracic and abdominal trauma in conditions of emergency hospital. For the period 2006-2013 we performed 56 laparoscopic and 15 thoracoscopic interventions in 67 patients with trauma. There were 80.6% of men and 19.4% of women aged 35±1.7 years. Abdominal, thoracic and thoraco-abdominal injuries were observed in 51 (76.1%), 14 (20.9%) and 2 (3%) patients. Abdominal or thoracic trauma alone was diagnosed in 41 (61.2%) cases and combined injury - in 26 (38.8%) patients. 37 (66%) interventions were performed laparoscopically. Conversion to laparotomy was observed in 19 (34%) cases. Mean volume of hemoperitoneum was 458 ml (range 100-1100 ml). In 11 (73.3%) patients thoracoscopic surgery was performed and conversion of access was applied in 4 (26.7%) cases. No injuries of internal organs were observed in 19.6% and 13.3% of patients using laparo- and thoracoscopy respectively. So inadvisable open surgery was prevented although formal indications for laparo- and thoracotomy were present. In 25% and 20% of abdominal and thoracic damages respectively we avoided relatively unjustified laparo- or thoracotomy because of injuries were cured endoscopically. No one missed injury was observed. Postoperative complications were diagnosed in 5.6% of cases. Mortality rate was 15.6% in case of severe combined trauma. Mean hospital stay was 23.2 days (range 3-105). Endoscopic techniques are perspective in treatment of thoracic and abdominal trauma. It allows to avoid inadvisable laparo- and thoracotomy in some cases and to improve results of treatment.

Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Dissolving Oral Films of Diazepam

Oral films dissolve rapidly along with drug in mouth and majority of the drug is absorbed through buccal/oral mucosa in to systemic circulation avoiding first pass metabolism. The aim of present investigation was to formulate the Fast dissolving oral films (FDOF) of Diazepam an anti epileptic drug which is normally administered by intramuscular route or as rectal suppository in acute conditions of seizure emergencies. Oral films were prepared by solvent casting method using HPMC E3, E5, and E15 as a film formers and propylene glycol, PEG 400 as plasticizers and evaluated for mechanical properties, disintegration and in vitro dissolution. All formulations showed good mechanical properties and in vitro drug release. The optimized (F4A) Formulation (HPMC E5 and PEG 400) Exhibited drug release of 99.89% in 15 minutes which was significantly high when compared to marketed tablet valium (68.81%).

Modern principles of public administration of pharmaceutical supply for the population in emergency situations

In conditions of the emergency situations’ amount increasing the readiness of the state to provide affected people and all other segments of the population with full pharmaceutical provision is important.The aim of research is an analysis of the state of the legislative and regulatory framework of governmental administration by pharmaceutical provision of the population in the conditions of emergency situations.Materials and methods. We used methods of observation and synthesis, generalization and formalization, analysis of content. The object of the study were regulations, government pharmaceutical providing of population in emergency situations.Results. Studies show the need to develop methods and principles of public administration process to ensure people with pharmaceutical and specific methodological approaches in emergency situations.Conclusions. It has been established, that it is necessary to develop scientifically based methods of governance by the process of pharmaceutical providing the affected population.

Constitutional Authority in Crisis: Examining a State Governor’s Emergency Powers

AbstractThe powers of our nation’s 50 state governors are enshrined in our Constitution in Article X, wherein those governors may exercise broad authority for their populations, especially in conditions of extreme emergency. However, the full extent of a governor’s emergency powers are not well understood, nor have they been explored in depth to assess the governor’s discretionary authority in a national emergency. Despite the catastrophic events of 9/11 and subsequent 21st century threats, the scope of augmented emergency powers granted to governors remains ambiguous. Specifically, governors lack the robust authority to offer sustained emergency response and recovery operations beyond the normal 72 hours most cities and communities routinely prepare for and expect. However, if Washington, DC, is preoccupied, disabled, or distracted by its own post-attack strategic vulnerability and beset by continuity of operations planning requirements and national security imperatives, the federal government may not be able to set in to provide help after those first 72 hours. Therefore, our governors must plan for sustained operations for an additional 2 weeks after a national catastrophe and equip themselves for that scenario, which puts an enormous strategic burden on them.

Reincorporative trajectories: The threshold as emblem in Amos Oz’s A Tale of Love and Darkness and Orhan Pamuk’s Istanbul: Memories of a City

This article approaches the problematic of liminality and liminal states in postcolonialist critique through Alain Badiou’s recent excursus on the “emblem” and its attendant logic of emblemization. The article creates an analogy between the postcolonialist conceptualization of the liminal and Badiou’s argument that the “democratic namesake” is becoming emblemized today within the global circuit of an affluent few as a figurative proxy, co-opted and artificially instituted as the condition of “everyone” – what Badiou terms the tout le monde. The article goes on to suggest that the conceptualization as well as the terminology of the liminal have experienced similar processes of emblemization when deployed in postcolonialist debates, often coming to function as rhetorical proxies for the representation of those conditions of emergency, contingency and subalternity that, when debated or “democratized” under the sign of the liminal, come to be channelled through a recognizable and palatable rhetoric that renders them sensible for the consumption of liberal metropolitan readerships. As it interrogates this dynamic, the article reads the life-narratives of Orhan Pamuk and Amos Oz to suggest that the discursive thresholds of postcoloniality continue to evince today the dwellings of a “memorial-historical dialectic” – a consciousness that cannot cease to process the “unrequitability” of overwhelming historical events, one that is itself the product, the cultural figuration and the lasting consequence of devastating acts of domination.