Conditions Of Anthropogenic Impact Research Articles

THE EFFICACY OF AMELIORANTS FOR REMEDIATION OF SOILS CONTAMINATED WITH HEAVY METALS, IN A LAB EXPERIMENT

The effectiveness of remediators in detoxification of soils contaminated with heavy metals was studied in a lab experiment. The objects of the study were the soils of the southern tundra, functioning under conditions of anthropogenic impact: Haplic Gleysols (Gelic) and Histic Fluvisols (Oxyaquic). The chemical ability of remediants to bind metals (Ni and Cu), transferring them to a sedentary state in comparison with the reference variants (without any addition of remediants), was evaluated. In experiments, remediants were used in three doses (D1, D2, D3): shungite; diatomite, glauconite and bentonite. To assess the immobilization of Ni and Cu in soils, acid-soluble (CR) forms (extraction of 1 n. HNO3), mobile forms (ammonium acetate buffer solution with pH 4.8), water-soluble forms of Ni and Cu (1:20 aqueous extract) were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The effectiveness of soil detoxification during the application of remediants was evaluated by the phytotoxic effect in an express phytoassay with standardized tests (Brassica rapa CrGC and Avena sativa) represented by higher plants. A decrease in the proportion of mobile forms of Ni and Cu by 50% or more in Haplic Gleysols (Gelic) was revealed with the addition of any dose of ameliorants. The greatest effect of reducing mobility was exerted by shungite and diatomite at a dose of D1 - up to 15% Ni and Cu for Histic Fluvisols (Oxyaquic) soil. The use of the selected remediants in the indicated amounts did not reveal a phytotoxic effect on the tests in the experiment.

Transformation of soil and plant pastures cover of light chestnut soils in to sandy soils of kochubey biosphere station

The transformation of the vegetation cover of pasture landscapes is the result of the interaction of climatic, ecological, physiological and anthropogenic environmental factors. The result of the dependence of the conservation of species in the vegetation cover, especially forage plants, on the influence of these factors and the determination of their variability and stability in pasture ecosystem communities is relevant for production and science. As a result of a long-term study (more than 10 years) of the soil and vegetation cover of pasture landscapes on different soils and sands of the Kochubey Biosphere Station (KBS), especially under the conditions of anthropogenic impact, it was revealed that weeds adapt well to new conditions, stable populations of non-forage plants are created, causing deflation and degradation. The floristic composition and ecological and coenotic characteristics of the dominant plant species were studied on light chestnut sandy loamy soils and sands. The rapid change of indigenous species of plant communities formed in the conditions of a continental climate indicates a high mobility of vegetation. The species diversity and occurrence of plant species characterize the qualitative difference between the compared soils (light chestnut, sandy loam and sand). The described syntaxa reflect the directions of natural and anthropogenic transformation of the vegetation of light chestnut soils and sandy massifs of the KBS, which are characterized by a change in the composition of the prevailing life forms, a decrease in the role of valuable forage plant species and an increase in the diversity of annual non-forage species, without changing their species diversity. The landscape dynamics of the KBS territory is expressed in the transformation of the relief and vegetation cover under the influence of eolian processes with an increase in the projective cover and overgrowth of mobile landforms of sand massifs.

Ecological and microbiological monitoring of soils in places of mass recreation

Introduction. There are presented results of a comprehensive ecological and microbiological assessment of soils located in the central part of the recreational zone of the city of Petrozavodsk, located in the middle taiga area. The study of chemical and microbiological properties of the soils of the park zone in the spatio-temporal aspect is of great importance for assessing the current state of soils and the trend of their development in conditions of anthropogenic impact, and can be the basis for urban ecological monitoring also. 
 The aim of the study is ecological and microbiological monitoring of soils in places of mass recreation of the urban population (Petrozavodsk).
 Materials and methods. The object of the study was the soils of the plots located in the central part of the city. The soils located on the territory of the Kivach Nature Reserve were selected as a control. The acid-base properties of soils, the content of heavy metals, as well as the state of the microbiotic component of soils were evaluated. Based on the data on the content of heavy metals, the degree of soil contamination with heavy metals was determined. 
 Results. Based on the data of a comprehensive study, the current state of the soils of the recreational zone of Petrozavodsk has been established. The comparative analysis of changes in chemical and microbiological properties, as well as data on the soil pollution coefficient in the space-time interval revealed a decrease in anthropogenic impact on soils. Changing the category of soil pollution is an important tool of environmental protection measures carried out on the territory of the city.
 Limitations. Work in the field of urban-ecological research is complicated by the lack of local regulatory documents that substantiate the hygienic standards for chemicals polluting the soil; limited monitoring points and work with mixed soil samples, which creates a problem of representativeness of the obtained data. 
 Conclusion. The favourable conditions for the formation of soils in the park zone affect on their soil properties, which generally meet the hygienic requirements imposed on them. The established higher indicators of the soil pollution coefficient in certain areas indicate a high anthropogenic pressure in the past, are the basis for continuing research, the need for periodic work, as well as expanding the range of soil indicators used for early diagnosis of their degradation.

Hydrological regime of the transboundary Uldza River and terminal Torey Lakes under conditions of anthropogenic impact

Aim. Assess the change in the hydrological regime of the Torey Lakes based on a probabilistic forecast of the parameters of the water balance of these reservoirs, taking into account anthropogenic influence.Material and Methods. The study used materials from the state observation network of Roshydromet, Earth remote sensing data, research materials from scientific organisations and other sources of information that are in the public domain. Methods of statistical data analysis, mathematical modeling, hydrological calculations, including the water balance method and methods of processing and decoding satellite information were used.Results. With the implementation of the planned water management project, accompanied by additional non‐returnable water consumption in Mongolia, the consequences for the water regime of the Torey Lakes can be significant, especially in the low‐water phase of the water cycle, when the level decrease in the Barun‐Torey Lake will average 70 cm and in Zun‐ Torey – 80 cm. Through this project, the faster drying of the lakes, on average 2–3 years earlier, will be avoided.Conclusions. The ecological systems of the Dauria region are characterized by a process of cyclic succession and are mainly adapted to the contemporary climatic moisture cycle. For these ecosystems, any changes in external factors are fundamentally important, since they can lead to the irreversibility of natural processes. Based on the results obtained in this study, it is possible to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the anthropogenic impact on the state of the Torey Lakes and nearby ecosystems.

Riverbed processes in the lower reaches of the Amu Darya river in conditions of anthropogenic impact on the river flow

The interaction of the river flow with bottom riverine forms is considered under the significant influence of anthropogenic factors leading to changes in the water regime, the riverbed process and the ecology of watercourses. The section under consideration in the lower reaches of the Amu Darya River, taking into account the nature of the influence of both hydroelectric units, is divided into three parts: the upper section – from the Tuyamuyun hydroelectric unit to the Kipchak gorge; the middle section – from the Kipchak gorge to the Takhiatash hydroelectric unit; the lower section – from the Nietbaytas hydropost to the Kyzyljar hydropost (the delta part of the Amu Darya River). The regularities of the negative impact of anthropogenic factors on the hydraulic regime and the course of riverbed processes have been studied at these sites. The scale of the impact of anthropogenic factors significantly altering the course of the riverbed process has been determined and a generalized indicator characterizing the complex of various anthropogenic loads has been developed. It shows the change in water and riverbed regimes under the influence of hydraulic engineering measures in recent years in the lower reaches of the Amu Darya River, which are still observed in the case of wandering of the stream and the occurrence of peculiar currents, as well as deigish, where the banks are not protected by structures. In places where damless water intakes are located in channels, due to the large width of the river, planned instability occurs, which complicates water supply. According to the results of the analysis of the mechanism of these phenomena, appropriate measures have been developed to improve water intakes.

Stability of ecological systems of the Arctic zone under the conditions of anthropogenic impact

In the study of the dynamics of indicators affecting the ecological systems of the Arctic zones of the Russian Federation. A comparative characteristic of the level of damage is shown for high-ranking cities located on the territory of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation. The change in the frequency of occurrence, leading to various violations, is analyzed with the allocation of the main elements of environmental damage. The state of pollution of air, water (including pathogens), land resources is excluded.

Changing parameters of waters chemical composition in the Lake Arakhley water column (Eastern Transbaikalia)

The need to preserve the quality of water resources under conditions of anthropogenic impact is one of the most urgent problems of our time. The purpose of this work was to study the features of the distribution of the parameters of the chemical composition of the waters of Lake Arakhley in a vertical section. The investigated waters are characterised by a constancy of mineralisation and chemical composition, both within the water area and in the vertical section. The waters are ultra-fresh (salinity less than 200 mg / L), neutral and slightly alkaline (average pH 7.9), HCO3 Mg-Ca chemical composition. The carbon dioxide content in the water column has a significant impact on the concentration of hydrogen ions, as evidenced by the inverse relationship between pH and CO2 content. The observed increase in the nitrogen form and CO2 contents in the bottom part of the lake is most likely related to the life processes of organisms and vegetation. The recorded excess concentrations of Mn, Cu, Ni, and Al over maximum permissible concentrations indicate the need for additional studies to identify their sources.

ASSESSMENT OF THE SPECIES STRUCTURE OF JUVENILE FISH COMMUNITIES IN THE DNIESTER RESERVOIR

The study of the qualitative and quantitative components of the structure of juvenile fish communities, as well as their distribution in the reservoir is an important component of comprehensive ichthyological studies of fish biology and ecology in specific hydroecosystems, especially under conditions of anthropogenic impact. Such studies are important for the development of measures to preserve the biodiversity of aquatic ecosystems, allow to assess the current species composition of fish and the effectiveness of spawning of individual species in the current year, to develop biological substantiation of biological reclamation measures and to predict future catches. The article analyzes the results of ichthyological studies conducted in different parts of the Dniester reservoir during 2016-2020. It was shown that the conditions of natural reproduction of native fish fauna in the Dniester reservoir are unstable. During the study period, juveniles of 24 fish species were recorded in the Dniester reservoir, with 3 species present in the catches every year. In unfavourable hydrological years, the dominance of juvenile fish communities of low-value species (silver carp) was noted in the reservoir, while the number of juveniles of valuable rare and commercial species remains at a very low level. The problem of increasing the fish productivity of the Dniester reservoir cannot be solved without the purposeful formation of the fish fauna composition by introducing into the reservoir the fish-planting material of native fish obtained as a result of artificial reproduction

The current state of hydrochemical indicators of Lake Kenon– the cooling reservoir of the TPP

A characteristic is given of the current hydrochemical state of the water of Lake Kenon, which is used as a reservoir - a cooler for the Chita TPP. For over 50-years of operation of the station located on its shore, under the conditions of anthropogenic impact, there has been a sharp change in the chemical type of the lakeʼs water. Currently, the predominant anion is the sulfate ion. Above the MPC standard for water of water bodies of fishery significance are the content of magnesium and sulfates and the trace elements: fluorine, vanadium, strontium, molybdenum, copper, tungsten. The concentrations of boron, lithium, bromine are relatively increased, in some samples - iron, manganese, aluminum and barium.

Enchancement of resource-saving technology of corn growing on the basis of energy resources assessment

The article deals with the issues of rational use of the farming system under the conditions of anthropogenic impact. In this regard, a new scientific direction is considered to improve the modern technology of growing crops that contribute to the rational use of the indicator of energy resources by 2-3 times. This approach necessitates a revision of the structure of crop placement depending on the solar radiation coefficient (KR). In the long term, due to the irrational use of energy resources, the degradation of soil potential has intensified, which has dramatically affected the gross yield and the sustainability of agricultural production. Therefore, there is a need to move to a new level of assessment of the basic principles and methods of the farming system. Suggested comparative analysis of two technologies for the cultivation of corn for grain in the Zhambyl region is proposed: the existing and resource-saving. The article was carried out as part of the implementation of applied scientific research in the field of the agro-industrial complex under the scientific and technical program (IRNBR10764920) "Technologies and technical means of irrigation when introducing new irrigated lands, reconstructing and modernizing existing irrigation systems" for 2021-2023.

Ensuring the sustainable development of the city park-estate “Ostankino” in Moscow

Introduction. Providing the natural frame of the city as a sustainable system of landscaping and water areas in the urban environment is one of the tasks aimed at preserving the natural frame of the urban environment. The article focuses on the influence of the recreational load on the natural-anthropogenic territorial complex (PATC) located in the North-Eastern administrative region of Moscow. To ensure sustainable development of natural areas, the ability of the components of the natural environment to self-heal under conditions of anthropogenic impact is of particular importance. Taking into account the increase in residential and industrial areas located in close proximity to natural zones, the anthropogenic impact on natural complexes is increasing. First of all, this affects the recreational areas of park zones, where the potential recreational load begins to exceed the stan­dardized and causes degradation of green spaces and disruption of the urban ecosystem. Recreational load affects the state of the natural complex of the city, and its value is determined by the planning structure of urban development. While ensuring the safety of city parks, it becomes necessary to work with complete and reliable information, which can only be obtained through research. The practical aspect of scientific research, considered in the article, includes the results of the analysis of the impact of anthropogenic load on the natural-anthropogenic territorial complex of the park - the estate “Ostankino”.
 Materials and methods. The paper uses various attributive information collected from open sources and based on the results of field work by the authors, legal documents, and various cartographic materials. The calculation of potential visitors was carried out by a simple calculation method, followed by the use of the Microsoft Office Excel software product to compile the time dependencies of the visit.
 Results. On the basis of the conducted research, the excess of the normative value of the recreational load of the territory of the Ostankino estate park in Moscow was revealed and graphs of the dependence of the visit on the time intervals were constructed.
 Conclusions. The increased rate of population inflow and environmental pollution leads to the transformation of the ecological framework of the city.

Longitudinal patterns of different pollutant concentrations in the Setun River

As one of the most well-studied rivers of the Moscow megalopolis with diverse landscape and anthropogenic impact conditions on its watershed, the Setun River is a unique system suitable for complex urban geochemical research. Data of our ecological monitoring of 2019-2020 show elevated content of multiple elements, including nutrients and heavy metals, in its water throughout the year with several distinctive types of concentration distribution along the course of the river. These patterns correspond to various major impacts in the watershed: concentrations of P, N, Mn and sometimes As are the highest in the upper reaches due to proximity of a landfill and decrease downstream; Cu has a drastic concentration increase below an industrial park, and concentrations of various metals consistently increase downstream from highways and railroads despite the fact that the lower reaches are protected as a part of a wildlife sanctuary. Our findings may serve as a basis for optimizing the water quality monitoring within the framework of comprehensive research of pollution transport in water, soil and air of an urban watershed.

Diversity and dynamics of hydrophilic flora of Lowland Polissya (on the example of the Sluch River basin)

Study and analysis of hydrophilic flora diversity are important parts of environmental research due to various functions of vascular macrophytes in freshwater ecosystems, which deteriorate under the influence of anthropogenic activity and climate change. The aim of this study is to analyze the hydrophilic flora diversity (taxa, biology, ecology, and conservation status of species) and current population trends in the Sluch River basin, the largest tributary of the Horyn River (the Pripyat River basin), within the Polissya Lowland in the northern-west region of Ukraine. The list of hydrophilic flora is based on materials of the authors’ field researches in 2014–2020 within the upper and middle parts of the river basin, herbarium materials, and archive data. The study shows that the natural flora consists at least of 105 species of vascular plants belonging to 66 genera, 36 families, and 22 orders. Structural analysis shows the predominance of a few families in the systematic structure of the flora (Cyperaceae, Potamogetonaceae, Poaceae, Ranunculaceae, Plantaginaceae, and Typhaceae) and genera (Potamogeton, Carex); the dominant categories are hemicryptophytes and geophytes, entomophiles and anemophiles, heliophytes and hygrohelophytes. C- and S-strategists are dominant. This is the generally typical taxonomic and ecological structure of the hydrophilic flora of water bodies in the Pripyat River basin. The list of rare species includes 20 species from 15 genera and 12 families, for instance, species listed as vulnerable in The Red Book of Ukraine (Juncus bulbosus, Utricularia intermedia, Nymphoides peltata). Even rare and vulnerable species can form numerous populations in some localities, for example, Nymphoides peltata and Calla palustris. Five alien species were identified (Acorus calamus, Elodea canadensis, Zizania latifolia, Bidens frondosa, and Echinocystis lobata), some of which tend to expand and displace aboriginal species. In the future, it will be important to further study the structure and changes in the hydrophilic flora of the region under conditions of anthropogenic impact, to monitor the dynamics of populations of alien species, and to develop conservation measures for rare species and communities.

Water Quality of the Hodza River in the Area of Activity of PJSC “Machine-Building Plant” Electrostal

a spatio-temporal analysis of the main indicators of the water quality of the Hodza River, the change in time of water quality along the river under the conditions of anthropogenic impact is carried out. In general, the waters of the river are characterized as “extremely dirty”. Among the pollutants, iron and ammonium nitrogen compounds absolutely prevail. There is a tendency to some improvement in the quality of river waters downstream. In the upper reaches, the COD is 1.7 and 2.5 times higher than in the middle and upper reaches; BOD – 1.6 and 2.3 times, respectively.

Оценка уровня экологического риска в речных экосистемах арктической зоны России

The methodological approaches and the results of assessing the environmental risk level in river ecosystems of the Arctic region of Russia was presented. Assessing of the environmental risk level in ecosystem includes identifying possible negative consequences of anthropogenic impact, which are appeared in a violation of the structural organization of biocenoses. An intensification of the ecological devolution of individual communities of aquatic organisms is observed in modern conditions of anthropogenic impact and climatic variations in the Arctic ecosystems of rivers. The tendency to increase the ecological devolution level as the anthropogenic impact intensifies during the transition from less polluted Arctic rivers to more polluted ones (dirty) has been revealed. The ecological devolution level varies from absence (anthropogenic stress) to its appearance in the form of elements of ecological devolution. The results of the final assessment of the environmental risk level in the ecosystems of the Arctic region of Russia according to the ecological devolution level showed that the studied sections of the rivers are characterized by a low and medium level of risk. Further enhancement of anthropogenic impact on the catchments of Arctic rivers can lead to disruption of the ecological state of aquatic ecosystems and intensification of ecological devolutions processes which may increase the level of environmental risk.

Modern exodynamic processes of relief formation under conditions of anthropogenic impact on the territory of the Klyazma river basin

The basin approach is the basis of this study of the factors of modern relief formation. Modern exogenous morphogenesis of landscapes of the river basin and its parts is not well researched. In this regard, the study of the dynamics of exogenous processes characteristic of the landscapes of the Klyazma river basin in areas with different types and degree of anthropogenic impact is relevant. Based on the results of field geomorphological studies, locations of modern relief-forming processes (hydromorphism, karst, ravine erosion, landslide formation, lateral erosion of rivers) that are most characteristic of the study areas have been identified and mapped.

Radial growth of artificial forest stands under the aerotechnogenic impact of the Orenburg gas chemical complex

With extremely low forest cover in the Orenburg region (4.6 %), where the environmental stress factor is particularly acute, forests have exceptional climate control, soil protection, and sanitary and hygiene. The priority area of practice and science is the preservation and growth of the forests of the region, which serves as a kind of framework in stabilizing the environmental situation in the region. The presented work shows the state of forest stands under conditions of anthropogenic impact. The culmination of the current radial growth has been established and the so-called “surge” of the current growth of tree stands has been detected with the accumulation of threshold levels of toxicants in a polluted environment, which subsequently leads to loss of stability and destruction of plantations.

A comparative environmental assessment using bioindicator plants in conditions of anthropogenic impact of Saransk and Insar

The paper studies the reaction of pendent white birch ( Betula verrucosa ) as the main urban culture used in urban greening at different levels of anthropogenic impact. Annual studies indicate that there is no sustainable trend to reduce man-made emissions in the region. Greening of large industrial centers is of great environmental importance. According to morphometric and some reproductive parameters, the birch has an adaptive response to environmental conditions. The studies have shown that habitat conditions directly affect the morphometric and reproductive characteristics of plants. To a greater extent, in conditions of anthropogenic impact increase, the reaction of biomorphological parameters of the pendent white birch is manifested. When using the method of fluctuating asymmetry, its integral indicators showed the reaction of plants to the increase in anthropogenic impact in the city. The germination and germination energy of birch seeds collected from different study sites are indicative in this respect. The variable coefficient on the size of fruits and seedlings revealed, as a rule, a very high variability (20-40%), which explains the high plasticity of plants to living conditions even at the early stages of their development.

Предпосылки техногенной метаморфизации ионного состава воды р. Надым в условиях глобальных климатических изменений

The hydrochemical regime changes of Nadym River near city of Nadym from the start of regular observations in 1955 till 2016 in conditions of anthropogenic impact and global climate change was reviewed. Shown, that the relations between the major ion concentrations (ions of sodium and potassium, calcium, magnesium, chlorides, sulfates and bicarbonates) and water discharge from 1980 are getting weaker down to insignificant. Likewise, disturbances the natural ratio between the major ions, which most pronounced in a strong positive trend of the sulfate ions content in river water, are arise. The data on the long-term dynamics of the main ions in the main phases of the hydrological regime (spring high water, summer-autumn and winter low water) are presented. The probable causes of the observed preconditions to technogenic metamorphization of Nadym River ionic composition are considered: impact of untreated sewage discharge, atmospheric transport of anthropogenic and natural sulfur compounds, and pollution by mineralized formation waters. It has been suggested that the sulfates increased during all phases of the hydrological regime, including the winter low water, is associated with contamination of ground waters as a result of filtration and leakage of drilling waste from slurry barns. Probably, it occurs due to the degradation of their natural waterproofing layer of permafrost rocks under the influence of global climate change.

ESTIMATION OF RECREATIONAL LOAD OF ORYOL CITY URBAN PARK «KUL'TURY I OTDYKHA»

The article considers the impact of recreational load on the natural-anthropogenic region — Central park «Kul'tury I Otdykha» in the city of Oryol. To ensure the sustainable development of natural areas, the ability of components of the environment to heal itself in the conditions of anthropogenic impact is of particu-lar importance. Most of the anthropogenic load in a large city is the recreational load, which significantly affects the natural frame of urban areas. Recreational load causes a significant degradation of the natural complex of the city, and its value is determined by the planning structure of urban development, which deter-mines the distribution of population density and transport accessibility of recreation facilities. Calculated data revealed the recreational load from the planning structure of the residential area located within walking distance from the coastal recreational zone. Ensuring the safety of urban parks, it is necessary to work with complete and reliable information that can only be obtained through regular monitoring studies. The spatial organization of coastal recreational zones should meet the objectives of maintaining and improving the eco-logical balance of recreational areas, as well as the formation of a comfortable architectural and planning structure of recreational zones and the selection of the most significant recreational formations based on the ecological and recreational capabilities of natural areas and the needs of the population. In this regard, it is necessary to develop functional zoning of natural-anthropogenic regions to regulate the level of recreational impact, and ensure the sustainability of ecological systems of the city. To monitor the level of anthropogenic impacts, the definition is used — the ecological capacity, which is determined by the limiting values of an-thropogenic loads determined on the basis of field observations.