Transformation of soil and plant pastures cover of light chestnut soils in to sandy soils of kochubey biosphere station

Abstract

The transformation of the vegetation cover of pasture landscapes is the result of the interaction of climatic, ecological, physiological and anthropogenic environmental factors. The result of the dependence of the conservation of species in the vegetation cover, especially forage plants, on the influence of these factors and the determination of their variability and stability in pasture ecosystem communities is relevant for production and science. As a result of a long-term study (more than 10 years) of the soil and vegetation cover of pasture landscapes on different soils and sands of the Kochubey Biosphere Station (KBS), especially under the conditions of anthropogenic impact, it was revealed that weeds adapt well to new conditions, stable populations of non-forage plants are created, causing deflation and degradation. The floristic composition and ecological and coenotic characteristics of the dominant plant species were studied on light chestnut sandy loamy soils and sands. The rapid change of indigenous species of plant communities formed in the conditions of a continental climate indicates a high mobility of vegetation. The species diversity and occurrence of plant species characterize the qualitative difference between the compared soils (light chestnut, sandy loam and sand). The described syntaxa reflect the directions of natural and anthropogenic transformation of the vegetation of light chestnut soils and sandy massifs of the KBS, which are characterized by a change in the composition of the prevailing life forms, a decrease in the role of valuable forage plant species and an increase in the diversity of annual non-forage species, without changing their species diversity. The landscape dynamics of the KBS territory is expressed in the transformation of the relief and vegetation cover under the influence of eolian processes with an increase in the projective cover and overgrowth of mobile landforms of sand massifs.