Condition Of Oral Cavity Research Articles

Predprotetičko liječenje kompleksnog 35-godišnjeg bolesnika lošeg oralnog zdravlja

This is a case of a 35-year-old patient who was selected to participate in the humanitarian project of a complete oral rehabilitation and quality of life improvement. The project was carried out by the dean, professors, teaching assistants and students at the Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health in Osijek. Patient’s oral cavity status was incongruent with his age due to the extensive inflammatory disease and active caries on multiple teeth. Further progression of dental disease in this patient would have led to a complete loss of function, alveolar ridge resorption and edentulousness of the both jaws. Clinical examination revealed the following: decay of the teeth 18, 13, 12, 23, 33, 43 (FDI system), dental attrition of teeth 32, 31, 41, 42, root remnants 15, 14, 11, 24, 26, 27, 38, 37, 36, 35 and 34, periodontitis and periapical periodontitis. Extensive dental reparative work has been done in this patient and he was prepared for the upcoming prosthetic work.

Periodontal Comparison on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients and Healthy Subjects: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: To analyze periodontal comparison between Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) subject and healthy control. Material and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 122 subjects, 61 SLE patients and 61 healthy subjects who visited the Rheumatology Department, Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, during 2017-2018. Clinical examination of SLE was using Mexican SLE Disease Activity Index and oral cavity conditions were assessed using the periodontal index, gingival index, calculus index, bleeding on probing, clinical attachment loss and mobility teeth. Results: The age of SLE patients ranged from 18-55 years old with the mean age of 29.50 ± 9.57 years old. Periodontitis was higher in SLE patients (88.5%) than healthy subjects (22.95%). In addition, periodontitis occurrence in SLE (2.66 ± 1.02) was significantly different (p<0.001) compared to healthy subjects (0.51 ± 0.81). Conclusion: This study found higher rates of periodontitis, gingivitis, bleeding on probing, clinical attachment loss, and mobility tooth among SLE patients compared to healthy subjects. Periodontitis was also found to be higher along with more severe SLE group.

Clinical evaluation of different treatment methods for OSMF: A five-year experience with 144 cases

Introduction: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is chronic, insidious, debilitating condition of oral cavity and sometimes pharynx, characterized by progressive hyalinization of juxtaepithelial tissue and progressive fibrosis of the oral cavity. It is a premalignant disease. The repeated ulceration in mouth and the progressive reduction of mouth opening is very debilitating to the patient. The disease once occurs does not reverse. None of the modalities provide the complete remission of the disease and are aimed at improving the functions of the mouth like chewing and opening of mouth. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study is to establish a treatment protocol for OSMF depending on the stage of the disease. As the disease has multiple stages, a single treatment modality is not adequate for the treatment. The treatment has to be devised according to the symptoms of the patient and the stage of the disease. Materials and Methods: It is a retrospective study done on 144 patients who are followed up for six months. The treatment was done depending on the stage of disease and the outcomes were evaluated. Results: The cessation of the arecanut chewing habits and regular physiotherapy is a single most important factor for the success of treatment. Noninvasive treatment methods give good results with patient in stage I and Stage II disease. In our institute, single stage pedicled nasolabial flap worked well for the patients in stage III and Stage IV disease. The good mouth opening was achieved even in patients with mouth opening less than 5mm. Conclusion: The proposed protocol is very effective in treating patients with OSMF. The medicinal treatment is effective in patients with mouth opening more than 20 mm. It helps in the resolution of symptoms and improvement of mouth opening. However, in severe cases with mouth opening less then 20mm, surgical treatment is required. Among the surgical treatments used by us single stage pedicled nasolabial flap gave the best result

CONCEPT OF HEALTH PROMOTION W.S.R. TO ORAL HYGIENE

As oral cavity is considered as the gateway to the body. The shape, coating, color and texture of oral cavity can give clues to overall health especially related to digestive system. So, oral hygiene is of prime im-portance which has significant impact on quality of life. The Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 esti-mated that oral diseases affected at least 3.58 billion people worldwide, with caries of the permanent teeth being the most prevalent of all conditions assessed. Ayurveda, the life science, mentions Dinacharya, a very unique and important aspect of lifestyle. In dinacharya, acharyas recommended dantadhavana, jiwha nirlekhana and kavala-gandusha vidhis pertaining to oral cavity. Nowadays, in this modern busy life with many unhealthy habits, incorporation of these procedures proves helpful in maintaining the heathy status of oral cavity and preventing its diseases. This paper focuses on the role of dantadhavana, jiwha nirlekhana and kavala-gandusha in promoting the health by maintaining the hygiene of the oral cavity.

КЛИНИЧЕСКИЙ СЛУЧАЙ ОРТОПЕДИЧЕСКОЙ СТОМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ РЕАБИЛИТАЦИИ ПАЦИЕНТА С СИНДРОМОМ КЛОУСТОНА И ВРОЖДЕННОЙ АДЕНТИЕЙ

Subject. Clouston syndrome is within the list of rare (orphan) congenital diseases. The issue of peculiarities in dental rehabilitation of patients with Clouston syndrome and congenital edentulism remains discussable. There are no approved clinical guidelines regarding this problem for dental practitioners.&#x0D; Aim ― improvement of diagnostic and treatment procedures efficacy for children with Clouston syndrome and congenital edentulism in the orthopedic dentistry and orthodontics clinic.&#x0D; Methodology. In order to demonstrate capabilities of efficacious orthopedic dental rehabilitation, a clinical case of a 14-years old patient with Clouston syndrome and congenital edentulism in an ambiguous oral cavity condition is presented, demonstrating the most justified and predictable approach to clinical management of patients.&#x0D; Results. The paper describes results of analysis of domestic and foreign literature devoted to the issue of determining distinctive diagnostic features of patients with Clouston syndrome used in the diagnostic process in the presented clinical case. Technological peculiarities and advantages of the chosen minimally invasive treatment approach – application of removable dentures – are described. The article demonstrates photographs depicting orthopaedic dental treatment results providing evidence of aesthetic, functional and social rehabilitation of the patient.&#x0D; Findings. The presented literature review of main distinctive clinical features of Clouston syndrome is an efficacious diagnostic algorithm in clinical orthopedic dentistry and orthodontics that forms a clear route for allied specialists in terms of diagnosis of this pathology in patients. The presented clinical case of minimally invasive orrthopedica dental treatment methods for rehabilitation of patients with Clouston syndrome and congenital edentulism is an option that provides for predictable satisfactory aesthetic and functional results of treatment, social adaptation of patients and a wide spectrum of further clinical decisions in short- and long-term follow-up management of patients.

Oral Lipomas- Rare Conditions in Oral Cavity, A Review

Oral Lipomas- Rare Conditions in Oral Cavity, A Review

Melanin pigment: A review

Melanins are group of pigments found in almost all organisms. In humans and animals, it is chiefly responsible for the color of skin, hair, and eyes. It is synthesized by specific cell called as melanocyte, which are heterogeneous in distribution. Apart from imparting color, it also executes various functions. This review explains the basics of melanin pigment, its biosynthesis, functions, and related pathological conditions in oral cavity. This article also explains the histopathological identification of melanin in tissues including the immunohistochemical markers.

Impactos da utilização de compostos antioxidantes como parte da terapia nutricional do paciente oncológico em tratamento

O termo câncer se refere à uma variedade de doenças tendo em comum o crescimento desordenado de células, com efeitos agressivos e hostis ao hospedeiro. Os estágios da carcinogênese têm sido constantemente correlacionados ao estresse oxidativo. Substâncias de capacidade antioxidante, à nível molecular e celular, aparentam serem eficazes no combate aos radicais livres exacerbadamente produzidos no decorrer da doença e tratamento de diferentes tipos de câncer. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar os possíveis impactos da utilização de compostos bioativos antioxidantes como parte da terapia nutricional aplicada ao paciente oncológico em tratamento quimioterápico e/ou radioterápico. Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica narrativa. Como critérios de seleção, foram inclusos artigos que abordassem experimentos com pacientes oncológicos com idade entre 20-65 anos, de ambos sexos, com relatos de consumo de alimentos fonte e/ou suplementos alimentares administrados oralmente, compostos por substâncias antioxidantes, sendo utilizados e/ou consumidos durante o tratamento quimio e/ou radioterápico do indivíduo. Como substâncias antioxidantes foram consideradas as vitaminas A, C e E, e os minerais zinco e selênio. Os achados sugerem que a suplementação oral de vitaminas e minerais antioxidantes no paciente oncológico, em sua maioria, apresentam resultados positivos na amenização de efeitos adversos gerados pela quimio e radioterapia utilizadas como tratamento antineoplásico. Especificamente, os resultados referentes à suplementação oral de zinco em pacientes sendo tratados de câncer de cabeça e pescoço, apresentando resultados positivos referentes a condições relacionadas à cavidade oral foram mais frequentes. Apesar de promissores os resultados provenientes da terapia nutricional com antioxidantes aplicada ao paciente em tratamento antineoplásico, associações entre todos os micronutrientes estudados e possíveis efeitos benéficos devem ser aprofundados através de estudos experimentais de metodologia rigorosamente controlada, dentro de condições viáveis. As limitações apresentadas e a grande possibilidade de combinações entre estes nutrientes e terapias antineoplásicas devem ser levadas em consideração.

Stannous Fluoride Preventive Effect on Enamel Erosion: An In Vitro Study.

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of a single dose application of two daily toothpastes on enamel exposed to acid attack. The research was conducted on human molars enamel fragments (n = 72). The two different toothpastes active ingredients were sodium fluoride (NaF) and stannous fluoride (SnF2). They were compared in protecting the surface of the enamel exposed to three acids: citric acid, lactic acid and hydrochloric acid. A spectrophotometer was used to measure the calcium ions and phosphate released in the solutions by the enamel specimens. Afterward, ionic concentrations were analyzed through the t-Student test, in order to estimate the significance level (p < 0.05) of the solubility differences obtained between the treatment and control groups. Finally, sample surfaces were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). The two analyzed toothpastes did not reveal any statistically significant variation in the release of calcium and phosphate (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, acid-resistant deposits were detected in samples treated with stannous fluoride and exposed to lactic acid, though the presence of tin ion deposits on samples treated with stannous fluoride was not shown. A single dose of a fluoride-based toothpaste before different acids attack, in simulated oral cavity conditions, did not show a significant preventive effect.

The medical social characteristic of patients of private stomatological clinics

The article deals with results of anonymous questionnaire survey of patient in private dental clinics "LiderDent" (241 respondents of able-bodied age) and "GelioDent" (419 respondents of able-bodied age). The purpose of the study was to investigate peculiarities of medical and social characteristics. The questionnaire included questions concerning social status of respondents, their financial condition, self-assessment of dental health and its maintenance at the proper level for a number of parameters, as well as evaluation of work of private dental organizations. The assessment of dental health of elderly patients established that 58.1% of respondents rated their dental health as good, 27.8% as satisfactory; and 4.1% of respondents estimated their dental health as bad. The analysis included also evaluation of negative health habits of respondents resulting in dental diseases and afflict damage to teeth and oral cavity. It was found that more than half of respondents had higher education. They consider themselves as financially secure, they did not smoke and had good condition of oral cavity. They choose dentists according recommendation of friends and seek dental care only in case of obvious signs of disease. The analysis of possible reasons for seeking dental professional revealed that 75.5% of respondents seek dental care when there are "obvious signs of disease and deterioration of health", 21.2% "when first signs of disease occurred" and 3.3% "only in critical situation". It is concluded that dental professional of private medical centers should be more widely carried out sanitary and educational work with population in order to increase the medical activity of patient, as well as to increase their awareness of ways and means of maintaining the dental health.

THE USE OF MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS OF BONE METABOLISM FOR SCREENING OF DENTAL HEALTH OF THE POPULATION

At present, the research interests of both dentists and clinical laboratory diagnosticians lie in the field of using oral fluid as an object of diagnostic estimation of molecular and biochemical markers in oral cavity diseases. It is commonly known that oral fluid has both organic and non-organic components. Non-organic components of saliva are represented by macro- and microelements that can be parts of various compounds or stay in the ionized form. Organic components are represented by proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, essential nitrogenous compounds (urea and uric acid), vitamins, hormones, organic and nucleic acids.&#x0D; Compared with the traditional method of blood testing, the identification of markers in the oral fluid has several advantages. They are non-invasiveness, atraumatic character for the patient, the absence of stress typical of venipuncture; simpler conditions of storage and transportation due to the liquid state (unlike whole blood, which tends to coagulate); being able to take biological material an unlimited number of times; no need for qualified personnel and special equipment when taking oral fluid.&#x0D; The introduction of biological markers into the complex of dental checkups is one of the topical tasks of modern dentistry and clinical laboratory diagnostics. This is particularly important for those dental patients whose living or working conditions are accompanied by harmful chemical factors.&#x0D; The authors have performed complex research of lactoferrin, cathelicidin, and MMP8 present in the oral fluid of 50 patients who worked under harmful conditions (group 1), and of other 50 patients whose work is not associated with the harmful influence of chemical factors (group 2). The oral fluid was collected on an empty stomach in the morning by spitting into a sterile glass tube. The biomass was centrifuged and stored at 300C, and the amount of lactoferrin (Hycto Biotech, the Netherlands), cathelicidin (Hycult Biotech, the Netherlands), and MMP8 (Matrix Metalloproteinase-8) was determined in the test samples. The analysis was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the use of a "sandwich" variant of solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The procedure was performed on the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ImmunoChem-2100 (USA). The analysis was performed in 96-well microplates, the bottom of the wells was covered with monoclonal antibodies to the corresponding molecular marker.&#x0D; The analysis of the oral cavity condition in patients of both groups demonstrated the presence of caries (100 % of group 1 patients, 80% of group 2 patients) and partial adentia (75% of group 1 patients, 60% of group 2 patients). Secondary to the above-mentioned abnormalities, group 1 and 2 patients had periodontal diseases. Such abnormalities were registered in 87% of group 1 patients; in group 2 patients, such changes were less explicit and were present in 67% of the patients. On the contrary, it was established that the patients of both groups presented with a statistically significant increase of lactoferrin in the oral fluid (on average, 81% and 40% higher, respectively, in groups 1 and 2) and MMP8 (64% and 24% higher), as well as a decrease in cathelicidin concentration (87% and 42% lower) in comparison with the patients of group 3.&#x0D; The established pathological biochemical changes indicate pathological processes in the oral cavities of the research groups of patients.&#x0D; In modern practice, Lf is used as an organ-specific marker of the activation of a pathological process to diagnose and predict the course of mucosal and periodontal diseases. At the same time, the decrease in oral cathelicidin LL37 reflects the suppression of local immunity in the oral cavity and is regarded as a pathogenic chain in the progression of diseases of the mucosa, periodontium, including dental caries in patients. Similar dynamics of cathelicidin in group 1 patients, in our opinion, explains the intensity of oral disease development in this category of patients. Thus, neutrophils and macrophages die under the action of aggressive chemical factors, as a result of which the pool of antimicrobial peptides, including cathelicidin, decreases.&#x0D; The present markers determine the topicality and great potential of further research of the given molecular markers for both fundamental investigations and understanding the pathogenesis of oral cavity diseases in this category of patients. Besides, these indices can be used as independent markers for diagnosis, screening, and effective treatment of oral cavity diseases.

Granulicatella Adiacens Bacteria Isolation from Perodontitical Patients with Polymerase Chain Reaction Techniques

Background: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of dental support tissue caused by certain groups of microorganisms, resulting in progressive destruction of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone, with pocket formation, recession, or both1. Destruction of periodontal caused by the host defence. Objective: Granulicatella adiacens is a small Gram-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic coccus. As a member of Nutritionally Variant Streptococci, genus Granulicatella, it is a part of the normal microbiota in the oral cavity, urogenital, and intestinal tract. It may also participate in periodontitis, caries, and endodontic infections. Our aim in this study was to investigate the presence of Granulicatella adiacens in periodontal disease Methods: A total 18 samples from patients with chronic periodontitis was collected, by using the conventional PCR technique for checking the presence of bacterial bands, followed by using DNA sequence methods, to complete the examination of bacteria with Conventional PCR which results are used as a basis for nucleotide examination on the NCBI Gene Bank using BLAST analysis. Result: In this study, Granulicatella adiancense was found in 13 samples from 18 solated samples from patients with chronic periodontitis and in periodontal pocket depth more than 7 mm. Conclusion: Granulicatella adiancense is a normal flora bacteria in the oral cavity and chronic periodontitis conditions, the presence of this bacteria is detected in the deeper periodontal pocket depth.

Effects of Khat on Surface Roughness and Color of Feldspathic and Zirconia Porcelain Materials under Simulated Oral Cavity Conditions.

Background and Objectives: Khat chewing is considered as a daily habit that is practiced by more than five million people globally. The effect of khat chewing on the surface roughness and the color stability of natural teeth and the material used in the fabrication of dental prosthesis remains unknown. This study was conducted to explore and compare the effect of khat homogenate (KH) on the surface roughness (Ra) and the average color changes (ΔE*) amongst natural teeth and selected shades from different porcelain types, namely, feldspathic metal ceramic (MC) VM13, computer-aided design/computer assisted manufacture (CAD/CAM) feldspathic (Vitablocs Mark II), and multilayer zirconia (Ceramill Zolid PS) porcelains. Materials and Methods: Seventy samples were prepared from natural teeth, feldspathic MC, CAD/CAM Vitablocs Mark II, and zirconia porcelain. The Ra values were measured using a profilometer and expressed in micrometers, whereas the ΔE* values were measured using VITA Easyshade® V spectrophotometer for all samples before and after frequent immersion and thermocycling in KH for 30 days. The surface topography was used to assess the materials surfaces (glazed or polished) after KH immersion by using a white light interferometry machine. Results: Results revealed that the Ra and the ΔE* values of the different types of tested porcelain were influenced by KH. The order of surface roughness values was glazed or polished MC > polished Zircon > polished Vitablocs Mark II > natural teeth. The lowest ΔE* values were recorded for glazed Vitablocs Mark II and MC, and the values could be arranged as polished zircon > natural teeth > glazed zircon > polished MC > polished Vitablocs Mark II. P values were significantly varied (<0.001) among all the tested groups, except the zircon group (>0.05) for both Ra and ΔE*. Conclusions: KH significantly affected both surface parameter and color of glazed or polished porcelain materials and natural teeth.

Oral cavity status of long-term hemodialized patients vs. their socio-economic status.

The chronic kidney disease, blood hypertension and diabetes are recognized as civilization diseases that affect more and more people. The probability of encountering a patient suffering from these diseases is increasing. As such, it appears crucial to better understand the specific dental needs of such groups of patients. The aim of the work was to assess the oral hygiene status and the needs of patients suffering from the end-stage chronic kidney disease, arterial hypertension or/and diabetes. Two hundred and twenty eight patients were included in the research. One hundred and eighty patients were hemodialized in Diaverum dialysis stations and 48 patients were from the Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics Clinic of the Academic Centre of Dentistry in Bytom, Silesian Medical University in Katowice, and from the Dentistry Division of the Arnika Clinic in Zabrze, and were not not diagnosed with any of the diseases mentioned. The research scheme was divided into 3 parts, consisting of an analysis of the general health socio-economic status, a survey and an assessment of oral health. The patients who were not suffering from any of the discussed diseases were more aware of how to properly perform hygienic procedures. Most of the patients from both the control and examined groups were not using any rinsing solutions. A higher percentage of patients in the control group was using dental floss, changing their toothbrush every 3 months and brushing their teeth for ≥2 min. The Aproximal Plaque Index and the Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified values in the control group were significantly lower in comparison to the examined group. The socio-economic status of hemodialized patients was low, which in most cases was a result of the difficulties in starting a job. Due to the lower standards of life, the neglect of oral hygiene maintenance and its consequences could be observed. Med Pr. 2020;71(3):279-88.

Correlation between breath ammonia and blood urea nitrogen levels in chronic kidney disease and dialysis patients

Previous studies have shown that breath ammonia (breath-NH3) concentration is associated with blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. However, interindividual variations in breath-NH3 concentrations were observed. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the effect of oral cavity conditions on breath-NH3 concentration and to validate whether the measurement of breath-NH3 concentration is feasible in clinical settings. A total of 125 individuals, including patients with stage 3 to 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD3–5), those on dialysis, and healthy participants, were recruited. A nanostructured sensor was used to detect breath-NH3 concentrations. Pre- and post-gargling as well as pre- and post-hemodialysis (HD) breath-NH3, salivary pH, and salivary urea levels were measured. Breath-NH3, salivary urea, salivary pH, and BUN levels were positively correlated to each other. Breath-NH3 concentrations were associated with BUN levels (r = 0.43, p < 0.001) and were significantly higher in CKD3–5 (p < 0.005) and dialysis patients (p < 0.001) than in healthy participants. Higher correlation coefficients were noted between breath-NH3 concentrations and BUN levels during follow-up (r = 0.59–0.94, p < 0.05). When the cutoff value of breath-NH3 was set at 523.65 ppb, its sensitivity and specificity in predicting CKD (BUN level >24 mg dl−1) were 87.6% and 80.9%, respectively. Breath-NH3 concentrations decreased after HD (p < 0.001) and immediately after gargling (p < 0.01). Breath-NH3 concentration, which was affected by gargling, was correlated to BUN level. The measurement of breath-NH3 concentration using the nanostructured device may be used as a tool for CKD detection and personalized point-of-care for CKD and dialysis patients. The current study had a small sample size. Thus, further studies with a larger cohort must be conducted to validate the effect of oral factors on breath-NH3 concentration and to validate the benefit of breath-NH3 measurement.

Naringin-loaded polymeric micelles as buccal tablets: formulation, characterization, in vitro release, cytotoxicity and histopathology studies

Naringin (NG) has been proved to have numerous notable biological effects, including anti-inflammatory effect, anti-cancer effect, and anti-ulcer effect, yet there are no clinical preparations of naringin due to its poor solubility and low dissolution rate after oral administration. In this study, in order to overcome these problems, NG was encapsulated into MPEG-PCL micelles (NGMs) by using a thin-film hydration method. NMGs were in a typical core-shell structure, with a mall particle size (23.95 ± 0.51 nm), high drug loading, and encapsulation efficiency. In vitro release of NGMs indicated that the dissolution of NG was increased after being encapsulated in the micelles. NGMs were nontoxic in the cytotoxicity and histopathology studies. Furthermore, when the freeze-dried NGMs were compressed into buccal tablets (NGBTs) by direct compression, the release speed of NG under simulated oral cavity condition from NGBTs was higher than the control tablets, with the accumulated dissolution at 93.13% in 8 hours. In conclusion, NGMs and NGBTs represent a promising drug delivery system for NG, which has the potential to improve the current treatment of oral diseases.

Oral papillary squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC): a rare presentation in the palate

Introduction: Oral papillary squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma with an unusual presentation in the palate. Observation: This case report presents a 68 year old male who reported with pain in the roof of the jaw for the past one month. The patient gave a history of a small ulcer over the right palatal region since a year which gradually increased in size. History also revealed that he was a tobacco chewer for around five years and had quit the habit one year back. Clinically, a proliferative growth in the right palatal region was apparent. The growth was firm in consistency and had well-defined borders that crossed the midline of palate. Based on the noticeable clinical signs, the case was provisionally diagnosed as verrucous carcinoma. Histopathology report of the incisional biopsy confirmed the case to be non-invasive oral papillary squamous cell carcinoma. Commentary: OPSCC displays either a papillary variant or exophytic pattern. It has a better prognosis than squamous cell carcinoma of similar clinical stage but is worse than verrucous carcinoma. Conclusion: Since OPSCC may mimic other benign conditions of oral cavity, evaluation of clinical parameters that are associated with the risk of carcinoma is mandatory. This article highlights the significance of histopathological examination that aids the clinician to arrive at a diagnosis for any suspicious papillary lesions.

Evaluation of gap formation at the composite resin-tooth interface after using universal adhesives: In vitro SEM study using the replica technique.

The aim of this study was to evaluate gap formation after using two universal adhesives, Peak Universal Bond (P), which contains chlorhexidine and Adhese Universal (A), which contains 10-MDP monomer, and to compare them with two gold standard adhesives. The adhesives were tested in different etching modes, etch-and-rinse (ER) or self-etch (SE), and under thermomechanical loading (TML). Two identical Class V cavities were prepared in each of 30 human third molar teeth, and resin-composite restorations were made. Before and after TML, replicas of the restorations were prepared. Gap formation and their frequency according to the modified classification of Blunck and Zaslansky and the width of the maximum marginal gap (MG) were separately evaluated in enamel and dentin. Gap frequency did not differ significantly only in the enamel before TML, despite the use of different adhesives or etching modes. At both timepoints, the highest MG values were obtained with the Peak Universal Bond self-etch (PSE) group in enamel (6.2 μm before TML, 12.2 μm after TML) and the Peak Universal Bond etch-and-rinse (PER) group in dentine (21.3 μm before TML, 35.5 μm after TML). After TML, there was a significant increase of gap frequency for Adhese universal self-etch (ASE) group and MG values for PER, PSE, ASE groups at the resin-enamel interface, and gap frequency and MG values for all groups at the resin-dentin interface. Universal adhesive with 10-MDP monomer have beneficial effect on the resin-dentin interface, while chlorhexidine may reduce the resistance of the universal adhesive system to oral cavity conditions.

ОПЫТ ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ ГИГИЕНЫ ПОЛОСТИ РТА У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ХРОНИЧЕСКИМ ПАРОДОНТИТОМ В СОЧЕТАНИИ С МЕДИКАМЕНТОЗНО АССОЦИИРОВАННЫМ ОСТЕОНЕКРОЗОМ ЧЕЛЮСТИ

Thing. The experience of conducting professional oral hygiene in patients with chronic periodontitis in combination with drug-associated jaw osteonecrosis is presented. The goal is to identify the features of the oral cavity status of patients with chronic periodontitis and bisphosphonate osteonecrosis of the jaw (BONCH) on the background of postoperative chemotherapy after using two domestic mouthwashes (OML). Methodology. A clinical examination of the oral cavity of 15 patients aged 50 to 66 years was carried out, which were divided into two groups: the main group (after resection of the jaw segments) and the comparison group (5 and 10 people, respectively). Dental examination included examination of the oral cavity: the condition of periodontal tissues and mucous membrane, determination of the intensity of dental caries and hygiene and bleeding indices. Studies of mixed saliva (SS) were carried out before and after a single and daily course use of two domestic rinses based on chlorhexidine bigluconate and benzidamine and extracts of medicinal plants. Results. The pH value after the course application of OMLPR-1 in patients with BONCH has shifted from weakly acid (6.45 ± 0.4 units) to slightly alkaline (7.15 ± 0.15 units) medium. The structure of the SS before the application of OPLPR-1 was represented by small conglomerates of irregular shape and individual tree crystals of small sizes, and after the double use of OPLPR-1, the properties of the SS improved and medium-sized tree crystals appeared. After the course application of OPLR-2 in these patients, crystal-prismatic structures of a tree form were identified, a tendency to restore the structural properties of SS was determined. Findings. After the course application of LPRS, a tendency to restore the structural properties of SS was revealed. The course use of CPLR stimulates the excretion of SS, cleansing and a feeling of freshness in the mouth. The consecutive use of OPLR-1 and OPLR-2 helps to alleviate the condition of patients, especially against the background of BONCH and chemotherapy.

A sub-continent of caries

The most recognizable pathological condition of the human oral cavity is, arguably, dental caries. Beyond a direct impact on oral health, caries presence (or absence) provides important data for bioarchaeologists—to help reconstruct the diet of past populations and individuals. This study explores such data in 44 samples (n=1,963 individuals, 62,816 teeth) dating between 10,000 BP and recent times across the African sub-continent. It is, to date, the most extensive investigation of its kind in this part of the world, entailing descriptions and quantitative comparisons of caries by period, environment, subsistence strategy and sex.&#x0D; Mann-Whitney U tests and factoral ANOVA results provide expected and some unexpected findings, including: 1) a diachronic increase in caries prevalence across the sub-continent, likely related to diet change from widespread population movement; 2) savanna peoples exhibit more caries than those from other environmental regions; 3) subsistence strategy plays a major role in caries occurrence; and 4) males and females do not evidence significant differences in caries frequencies, but variation does exist in several regional groups. These findings reveal that global trends described by previous researchers often apply, though not always—so it is prudent to consider regions independently.