Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of a single dose application of two daily toothpastes on enamel exposed to acid attack. The research was conducted on human molars enamel fragments (n = 72). The two different toothpastes active ingredients were sodium fluoride (NaF) and stannous fluoride (SnF2). They were compared in protecting the surface of the enamel exposed to three acids: citric acid, lactic acid and hydrochloric acid. A spectrophotometer was used to measure the calcium ions and phosphate released in the solutions by the enamel specimens. Afterward, ionic concentrations were analyzed through the t-Student test, in order to estimate the significance level (p < 0.05) of the solubility differences obtained between the treatment and control groups. Finally, sample surfaces were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). The two analyzed toothpastes did not reveal any statistically significant variation in the release of calcium and phosphate (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, acid-resistant deposits were detected in samples treated with stannous fluoride and exposed to lactic acid, though the presence of tin ion deposits on samples treated with stannous fluoride was not shown. A single dose of a fluoride-based toothpaste before different acids attack, in simulated oral cavity conditions, did not show a significant preventive effect.
Highlights
Dental erosion is defined as the result of a chronic, localized and irreversible pathological loss of hard tooth tissues and is caused by chemical-like processes, without the involvement of microorganisms [1]
Soft drinks widely consumed among children and adolescents in Western and developing countries are able to cause demineralization of large enamel areas, as demonstrated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) [4,5,6,7]
This study aims to quantitatively evaluate the effect of a stannous fluoride toothpaste in comparison with a traditional sodium fluoride-based toothpaste on the enamel exposed to acid attack
Summary
Dental erosion is defined as the result of a chronic, localized and irreversible pathological loss of hard tooth tissues and is caused by chemical-like processes, without the involvement of microorganisms [1]. The buffering effect of saliva cannot neutralize acidic compounds, and preventive strategies for dental erosion is necessary. This will have a great effect on orthodontics with a fixed appliance, improving the shear bond strength between the tooth and the brackets [13,14,15,16]. Low pH in the oral cavity involved enamel loss of calcium and phoshate ions [22]; spectrophotometric analysis of the release of calcium and phosphate in solution has been used in the literature to evaluate the outcomes of acid attack of the hard tissues of the tooth, and represents a reliable and reproducible analysis method [23]. The null hypothesis is that a single application of sodium fluoride and stannous fluoride does not modify the release of calcium and phosphate in solution from enamel exposed to acid attack with citric, hydrochloric and lactic acid
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