Equal Conditions Research Articles

КОНЦЕНТРАЦІЯ МЕРЕЖ ТА СУСПІЛЬНІ ЕФЕКТИ

The article analyzes the peculiarities of the emergence and functioning of networks. The influence of networks on society increases due to their concentration, and the virtual nature makes it difficult to observe the principles of transparency and fairness of their operation. It has been established that the main means of violating fairness and transparency is information, as the main resource used by networks. Due to the manipulation of information in the conditions of digitalization, negative consequences arise both for consumers and for small and medium-sized businesses. When granting permission for the development of networks due to concentration, the purpose of their activity becomes important: ensuring survival, increasing profits, development, market expansion. However, permission will not be granted in all cases, the interests of business and the state, the degree of combination of digitalization, capitalization of networks with the socialization of the economy are subject to analysis. It was determined that at the legislative level protection measures are established both against the negative impact of digitalization and the impact of emerging concentrated networks. Consumer protection measures include the following: combating illegal content, goods and services, protection of minors, possibility of feedback and complaints. Means of business protection include easing the administrative and regular burden on small and medium-sized businesses, legal certainty, and ensuring equal conditions for business. It was found that gatekeepers play one of the main roles in the development of networks and their concentrations. Therefore, the state sets certain restrictions on their activities in order to ensure the fair and competitive development of digital markets, on which networks are developed. The development of a unified policy on the regulation of digital markets, on the example of the EU, in the conditions of globalization plays an important role in the formation and functioning of networks, their concentration, since networks cover an indefinite circle of individuals.

ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ МЕХАНИЗМ СТРАТЕГИРОВАНИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ ФИНАНСОВОЙ ГРАМОТНОСТИ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ

The article proposes an institutional and economic mechanism for strategizing the development of financial literacy of the population, the elements of which are combined into three logically interrelated blocks (theoretical, methodological, practical), suggest two directions of implementation. The first is institutional, related to the development of normative legal acts, recommendations, standards, methods for the development of financial literacy of the population; the creation of institutions and the formation of institutions for the development of financial literacy of the population; the development of financial market infrastructure. The second is economic, it contributes to the formation of a sound system of incentives and motives for the development of financial literacy of the population; providing appropriate resources for the implementation of normative legal acts, recommendations, standards, methods for the development of financial literacy of the population; creating equal conditions for access to the financial market and products sold on it. The process of implementing the proposed mechanism is supported by the proposed structure of the Draft Strategy for the development of financial literacy of the population, the provisions of which consistently reveal the features of its implementation.

ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ КИБЕРСПОРТА В УСЛОВИЯХ ЦИФРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ

The article examines the key aspects and factors influencing the development of esports in the country. The purpose of this study is to analyze the current state of esports in Russia, identify the main obstacles and opportunities for its growth and popularization. The objectives of the research are to identify the factors influencing the development of esports, to study the level of popularity of esports disciplines in Russia, as well as to analyze the problems of esports in Russia. The study analyzed the development of esports in the city of Kazan. The results showed that the development of esports in Russia is concentrated in large cities, which creates regional imbalances and negatively affects the overall level of development. The main factors contributing to the growth of esports are improving infrastructure, increasing government support and attracting sponsorship funds. The findings of the study indicate the need to develop a federal model of “sport without borders” aimed at creating equal conditions for all regions of the country.

ІНСАЙДЕРСЬКА ІНФОРМАЦІЯ ТА ЇЇ РОЛЬ У ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННІ ЕФЕКТИВНОГО ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ РИНКУ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНИХ ФІНАНСОВИХ ПОСЛУГ

The evolution of the main regulatory acts of the EU, which regulate insider transactions and countering market abuse, is considered in the article. The reasons for the modernization of normative acts and their main features are highlighted. Based on the analysis of current regulations (MAR Regulation, MAD II Directive), the essence of insider information and its features are revealed. Such features are accuracy, non-publicity, relationships with issuers or financial instruments, the likelihood of a significant impact on prices after publication. The priority of economic goals over legal ones in the process of legislative regulation of combating abuse of insider information is substantiated. The economic goals of regulating abuses in the investment financial services market include creating equal conditions for all market participants, protecting investors, and ensuring effective pricing. The need to ensure equal access to information, eliminate information asymmetry between market participants, as conditions for reducing the riskiness of investors' investments and countering abuses in the market of investment financial services was emphasized. The importance of legislative protection against the abuse of insider information, which consists in establishing administrative and criminal liability, is substantiated. Significant differences in administrative and criminal liability for insider abuse in the legislation of Ukraine and the EU were revealed. The current and prospective legislative regulation of the disclosure of insider information and countering abuse in the market of investment financial services in Ukraine is considered. The limitations of the law "On Capital Markets and Organized Commodity Markets" in force since July 1, 2021 were revealed, in which Chapter XII "Combating Abuses in Capital Markets and Organized Commodity Markets" regarding the content and prohibition of the use of insider information takes into account the requirements of the MAD Directive of 2003, and not MAR Regulation. The need for a different approach to the norms and criteria for the qualification of abuses during the implementation of the MAR Regulation and the MAD II Directive into Ukrainian legislation is substantiated.

노인 돌봄 분야 외국인력 도입에 대한 관점: 대만과 일본 사례연구

In Korea, the demand of care services for the older adults is increasing significantly due to the rapid aging of the population. However, the number of caregivers who can provide the services is also rapidly decreasing, resulting in failing to keep up with the demand. Recently, the Korean government began to consider importing foreign workers into the older adults’ care sector to respond to this situation. Accordingly, this study analyzed cases from neighboring countries to seek ways to import the foreign workers into the sector in Korea. Specifically, following the analyses of the cases of Taiwan and Japan, the reason why the foreign workers were imported into the sector was the lack of domestic workers’ willing to work in that sector. In Taiwan, foreign workers in the sector who are privately employed at home are responsible for housework and nursing services at lower wages than domestic workers. In Japan, within the framework of the public nursing care (Gaeho) insurance system, foreign workers with both Japanese language and care skills are imported and dispatched to nursing facilities, and they are guaranteed equal working conditions and wages to domestic workers. After carefully examining these cases, it was suggested that Korea should actively review the current status of polices on importing foreign workers in both countries when Korea regards the foreign workers as the solution to the lack of manpower in the older adults care sector at the end of this paper.

Changes in Irish legislation: more equal and inclusive employment conditions

Changes in Irish legislation: more equal and inclusive employment conditions

ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ПОМОЩЬ МЕДИЦИНСКИМ РАБОТНИКАМ В ПЕРИОД ПАНДЕМИИ COVID-19 НА ПРИМЕРЕ ВОЛГОГРАДСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

The scientific studies show that, carrying out professional activities in approximately equal conditions, some medical workers demonstrate pronounced signs of burnout and/or neurotic conditions, while others do not, which is associated not only with predictors, but also with individual factors of medical workers. At the same time, a number of authors emphasize the interdependence of emotional burnout and neurotic states, which indicates the need for their joint research and correction. The purpose of the study is to determine possible ways of psychological correction of emotional burnout and neurotic states of medical workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The methodological tools used were the method of emotional burnout by V. V. Boyko and the questionnaire of neurotic states by K. K. Yakhina, D. M. Mendelevich. It was found out that the symptoms of emotional burnout and neurotic states of medical workers during the COVID-19 period are heterogeneous and can be grouped into specific symptom complexes. The techniques and methods selected by the authors, implemented during a group psychocorrection program and aimed at each of the identified symptom complexes, made it possible to improve the general mental state of medical workers, relieve emotional stress, and develop the necessary skills for further professional activities.

Direction-agnostic gesture recognition system using commercial WiFi devices

In recent years, channel state information (CSI) has been used to recognize hand gestures for contactless human–computer interaction. However, most existing solutions require precision hardware or prior learning at the same angle both during training and for inference/training in order to achieve high recognition accuracy. This requirement is unrealistic for practical instrumentation, where the orientation of a subject relative to the RF receiver may be arbitrary. We present direction-agnostic hand gesture recognition utilizing commercial WiFi devices to overcome low accuracy in non-trained observation angles. To achieve equal conditions in all recognition angles, first of all, through the circular antenna arrangement to mitigate the impact of user direction changes. Then, the orientation of users is estimated by the Fresnel zone model. Finally, the feature mapping model of users in different orientations is established, and the gesture features in the estimated direction are mapped to the benchmark direction to eliminate the influence caused by the change of user orientation. Experimental results in a typical indoor environment show that WiNDR has superior performance, and the average recognition accuracy of five common gestures is 92.38%.

Administrative Procedures in the Field of Economic Activity

The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that the idea of establishing a free trade area and the single market of the European Union (hereinafter - the EU) between Ukraine and the EU countries in accordance with the Association Agreement with the EU and its Member States, as well as the strict fulfilment of obligations to ensure a zone of economic competition, aims at creating a competitive environment in which business entities enjoy equal competitive conditions and operate in accordance with the same generally accepted rules. The purpose of the study is to analyse various scientific approaches to understanding the administrative procedure, to define its features, and to determine the criteria for classifying the formation and development of administrative procedures in the field of economic activity. The methodological basis of the article is a set of methods and techniques of scientific cognition, both general scientific (logical, historical and legal, systemic analysis, etc.) and special (documentary analysis, comparative legal methods, etc.), which contributes to the achievement of the set goals, ensures a complete and comprehensive understanding of the research topic, scientific reliability and convincing results. The author identifies the characteristic features of administrative procedures: openness, focus on the realisation of public interests, consistent orderliness, normativity, discretion, etc. The criteria for classification of administrative procedures have also been the subject of debate, which eventually led to the development of a significant number of them. The author determines that the content of administrative procedures is the procedure for consideration and resolution of individual administrative cases by administrative authorities and local self-government bodies with a view to protecting the rights and legitimate interests, and also to fulfilling the statutory obligations of all subjects of legal relations. Based on the study, the author formulates conclusions and provides recommendations on the need to amend the Law of Ukraine "On Administrative Procedure" to regulate the mechanism of implementation of the principle of "tacit consent" in legal relations between public authorities and business entities. The introduction of the principle of tacit consent in practice should solve a number of problems in the area of issuing permits. The main ones are: reducing the real time spent by business entities on obtaining permits; limiting the opportunities for abuse by representatives of public authorities related to the delay in the timeframe for issuing pre-trial documents established by the current legislation; business entities avoid unjustified termination or suspension of business activities.

Devising an approach to the use of distance education technologies in performing control measures for technical students

The object of this study is the process of implementation of control measures with the help of distance learning technologies for students of technical specialties. The problem of the application of information and communication technologies for the effective implementation of final control during distance learning has been studied. An authentic algorithm for creating a test on the Moodle platform has been developed. The proposed algorithm is based on the use of the classical structure of the ticket, which allows implementing an approach to final control that is closest to the traditional one. This is important for assessing the acquired practical students competences of engineering specialties since for them the control measure may include a combination of textual, graphic, and computational tasks. The application of the algorithm in practice allows one to improve the quality of the final assessment by ensuring equal conditions for students, attracting the optimal set of tools for this, as well as identifying the student and thus ensuring the transparency of the control measure. Verification of the developed algorithm during the quarantine period sessions at the Faculty of Transport Construction of the National Transport University demonstrated a better adaptability of students to conduct control measures in remote form. This is confirmed by an increase in quality (from 1.16 % to 6.8 %) and success (to 7.4 %) rates among students, as well as a high level of student satisfaction in 2022 with the effectiveness of online learning, which was determined through an anonymous questionnaire. Promising steps regarding the use of the algorithm in the final evaluation are the development of measures for the implementation of automated recognition of the emotional status of students

Optimal Schemes of Tall Pinned Masts

A procedure for simultaneous topology, shape, and sizing optimization of tall pinned guyed masts is presented in the paper, seeking the minimal total mass of the mast structure including guys. The typical schemes of tall telecommunication masts of four different heights with different antenna areas distributed in the top 15% of the mast height that is triangular in plan and supported by two to four guys' clusters are examined. The mast structure is optimized for self-weight and wind loading evaluated according to Eurocodes. Since the non-gradient stochastic optimization algorithm requiring thousands of problem solutions is used, the non-linear behaviour of the guyed mast is mimicked by a suggested approximate linear analysis procedure. The optimization constraints involve all strength, local, and global stability requirements. Analysis of the optimization results leads to the following most important findings: at equal conditions of the mast scheme, a higher number of guys' clusters always reduces the mast mass; in case of four guys' clusters levels the anchoring points of the top and the next-to-last level guys should be superposed. Also, the optimal ranges of pre-stresses in guys of different levels, their inclination angles, and the ratios of spans between guys' levels are provided.

Behavioral impulse and time pressure jointly influence intentional inhibition: evidence from the Free Two-Choice Oddball task.

Intentional inhibition is a crucial component of self-regulation, yet it is under-researched, because it is difficult to study without external stimuli or overt behaviors. Although Free-Choice tasks have been developed, it remains unclear how two key design features (i.e., behavioral impulse and time pressure) affect their sensitivity to intentional inhibition. To investigate this, the present study developed a Free Two-Choice Oddball task, which generated both an inhibition rate index and a response time (RT) index. Two experiments were conducted to systematically manipulate the ratio of the reactive standard to oddball trials and reaction time limit, inducing diverse behavioral impulses and different time pressures. The following findings were obtained from the critical Free-Choice trials. In the equal ratio condition, participants demonstrated comparable RTs for both the standard and oddball responses. In the moderate-ratio condition, participants exhibited longer RTs for the oddball than standard responses under low- but not high-time pressure. In the high-ratio condition, while RTs for the oddball responses were longer than those for the standard responses under both the high- and low-time pressures, participants displayed a decreased inhibition rate under the high-time pressure compared to the low-time pressure. Finally, participants exhibited a reduced inhibition rate in the high-ratio condition compared to the moderate-ratio condition. Together, these findings suggest that Free-Choice tasks can reflect intentional inhibition under specific conditions, and intentional inhibition is susceptible to both behavioral impulse and time pressure, while also establishing the theoretical and methodological foundations for subsequent research.

FORMATION OF A SYSTEM APPROACH TO ORGANIZING CARGO DELIVERY BY RAILWAY COMPANIES-CARRIER REGIONAL TYPE

Purpose. The introduction of private freight railway carrier companies in Ukraine corresponds to the European trend of demonopolization of railway transport and has a number of consequences, including the creation of a market pricing mechanism and the formation of prerequisites for improving the quality of services in railway transport. In order to ensure the economic development of the railway industry, an integrated approach is required, which includes reviewing and improving the tariff policy regarding the access of private regional railway carrier companies to the railway infrastructure of joint-stock company (JSC) «Ukrzaliznytsia» and providing non-discriminatory access to the railway infrastructure for other transportation participants. This will ensure equal conditions for competition and will contribute to the development of railway transport in Ukraine. Based on this, the purpose of this study is to achieve the effective functioning of a cargo delivery system for regional railway carrier companies when it is implemented on the Ukrainian railway network. To achieve this goal, a functional description of the specified system is used and its parameters are optimized. Methods. To formalize the system of cargo delivery by a regional railway carrier company, used methods of systems theory. The results. The research carried out made it possible to formalize the system of cargo delivery through a regional railway carrier company. In the process of formulating the functional description of the system, various factors affecting the carrier company's costs were taken into account. When analyzing these factors, it was found that the key parameters of the system that have a significant impact on the costs and cost of transporting goods are the serial number of the cargo delivery route, the number of stops on the route, the duration of train downtime at the railway stations of the carrier company's branches while waiting for shunting operations to be performed (attaching groups of wagons). The goal of optimizing these parameters is to increase the efficiency of the system and reduce the cost of transporting goods for individual clients. Practical significance. Subject to the adoption in Ukraine of an appropriate legislative framework that will regulate access to the railway infrastructure of JSC «Ukrzaliznytsia» for private carriers, the implementation of the proposed system will have such positive consequences as increasing the level of competition in the transport market in Ukraine, improving the quality and reliability of transportation and growth Country's GDP. Setting the optimal balance between route numbers, the number of stops and the duration of train downtime will ensure optimal use of the carrier company's resources and reduce the cost of transporting goods. This will help improve the quality of service and meet customer needs.

Varieties of chord diagrams, braid group cohomology and degeneration of equality conditions

Varieties of chord diagrams, braid group cohomology and degeneration of equality conditions

Strengthening Fishermen’s Leadership of Puspita Bahari Community for Supporting Blue Economy in Demak Regency

<p><span>The situation of fishermen in Morodemak Village. Demak Regency is the same as that of fishermen in general. The situation of women can be said to be “powerless” socially, economically, and culturally. The patriarchal system limits women’s rights, resulting in restrictions on women’s rights outside of family affairs. Gender issues are a major issue in the realm of development, especially human resource and economic development. Blue economy is a concept that describes economic activities that not only reduce waste, but also improve the community’s economy. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods, and purposive sampling technique to determine informants. Data analysis used the three-stage Miles and Huberman model, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Coastal communities are part of a pluralistic society, but still have a strong sense of solidarity. Puspita Bahari Communit’s struggle is not only about creating equal conditions, but also about strengthening the role of women in the group, respecting tradisional knowledge and skills, and actively participating in resource management and sustainable development in the region. The future opportunity is that Puspita Bahari Community could become a kind of replication , if it is institutionally good, shows clear outputs, and has a sustainable program. Then the blue economy becomes an alternative solution to strengthen and empower fisherwomen independently.</span></p>

Deadlines make you productive, but what do they do to your motivation? Trajectories in quantity and quality of motivation and study activities among university students as exams approach.

Recent research has emphasized that achievement motivation is context-sensitive and varies within individual students. Ubiquitous temporal landmarks such as exams or deadlines are evident contextual factors that could systematically explain variation in motivation. Indeed, research has consistently found that university students increase their study efforts as exams come closer in time, indicating increasing study motivation. However, changes in study motivation for a specific exam as it comes closer have rarely been investigated. Instead, research on developmental changes in expectancy and value beliefs has consistently founds that achievement motivation declines over a semester. Surprisingly, declining motivation thus apparently coincides with increasing study efforts for end-of-semester exams. The present research investigates this apparent contradiction by assessing how exam-specific motivation and study behavior change under equal methodological conditions as an exam draws closer. Using parallel growth curve models, we examine changes in expectancy-value beliefs, performance approach and avoidance motivation and study behavior as well as motivational want- and should-conflicts among 96 students over eight weekly measurement points. Results show that students study more for their exam as it comes closer and increase their use of surface learning strategies more rapidly than their use of deep learning strategies. However, even exam-specific expectancy and attainment value beliefs decline while performance-avoidance motivation increases over time, indicating that students increasingly study out of fear to fail as exams come closer. Consistent with these findings, students' experience of should conflicts decreases while their want conflicts increase over time. We discuss several possible mechanisms underlying our findings in addition to potential theoretical consequences and suggest future research opportunities to better understand students' changes in situative motivation and study behavior in the context of temporal landmarks.

ІНФРАСТРУКТУРНА ПІДТРИМКА УКРАЇНСЬКОГО РИНКУ ПРАЦІ

The article is devoted to the study of the elements of the Ukrainian labor market infrastructure and their role in the context of modern challenges. The relevance of the study is stipulated by the need to understand and support the effective functioning of the labor market in the face of change and instability. The purpose of the article is to develop recommendations aimed at infrastructural support of the labor market as an important condition for adapting to modern challenges, ensuring effective interaction between employers and employees, and developing the Ukrainian labor market in a complex socio-economic context. To achieve this goal, the study solved a number of tasks: defined the concept of "labor market infrastructure", elements of labor market infrastructure and their role in the functioning of the labor market; analyzed the current state of the Ukrainian labor market and negative trends in it; developed recommendations for infrastructure support of the labor market aimed at overcoming them. The study used general scientific methods of cognition: induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, association and analogy. The study found that a number of negative trends have emerged in the modern labor market, including a shortage of qualified personnel, a mismatch between the geographical location of jobs and labor, the spread of informal employment, and the inappropriate replacement of men by women in certain industries. Overcoming these challenges requires comprehensive infrastructure support for the labor market. This support should include improving vocational education, continuing the reform of employment services, cooperation between employers, government agencies and educational institutions, adapting legislation to labor market dynamics, and integrating innovations into various sectors of the economy to create new employment opportunities. Encouraging flexible forms of employment, such as remote work and freelancing, is crucial. In addition, creating equal conditions for all workers, regardless of gender, age or social status, is imperative to promote the development of a modern labor market. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using its results to develop and implement effective labor market management strategies.

Gender and work in Europe: towards the end of inequality?

ABSTRACT Gender inequality affects the labour market of any territory. Despite government measures to eradicate it, it continues to cause discrimination. In this article, the gender inequality in the European labour market between 2002 and 2021 is analysed to advance the knowledge of this complex phenomenon. After reviewing the main theoretical contributions, the most suitable indicators are defined. The results reveal that the gender pay gap has increased in the European labour market, despite indicators such as the Gender Equality Index, employment rates, or levels of occupational segregation showing favourable progress. Therefore, governments must design efficient policies, mainly on pay equity, to achieve equal conditions in the European labour market.

Presentation of a new decision-making plan for prioritizing the rehabilitation of sustainable groundwater resources (case study: 9 aflaj of Oman)

Abstract This research for the first time, presents a plan for the rehabilitation of aflaj systems in Oman from a technical point of view. Using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) in Expert Choice software. Nine famous aflaj systems in Oman were prioritized based on indicators including length, population, precipitation, discharge, quality, distance from the river network, cultivated area, and soil permeability. A snowball method for selecting participants was used, and a 28-item questionnaire was engaged to assess the relative importance of nine criteria when choosing the prior falaj. A scientific method is applied in a new case in this study to prioritize the aflaj for rehabilitation, and the method applied in this research enables to prioritize them to achieve the desired goal. The AHP method prioritizes the falaj Daris as the first ranking, based on the technical perspectives, with a relative value of 0.222. Findings show that in an equal condition, among these nine aflaj, it would be better that water decision-makers assign the budget to falaj Daris for rehabilitation aims.

Construction and selection of deformation monitoring model for high arch dam using separate modeling technique and composite decision criterion

Deformation prediction is important to ensure the safe and stable operation of arch dams. Statistical models are extensively applied in arch dam deformation monitoring models, which generally include hydrostatic pressure component, temperature component, and aging (irrecoverable) component. In traditional statistical models, aging component is misset, which will cause unreasonable mutual compensation of each component, resulting in overfitting of the overall model. In this paper, the deformation model based on separate modeling technology is, therefore, proposed mitigating the overfitting problem caused by misspecification of the expression of the aging component in traditional statistical models. Dam deformation components related to different effects are extracted from the deformation monitoring sequence with improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise algorithm and equal water level condition. The correct components of the monitoring model are constructed separately. On the one hand, the fitting accuracy of the model is reflected by the coefficient of determination (R2); on the other hand, the overfitting degree of the model is quantitatively evaluated by the overfitting coefficient (OC), so that the model with high fitting accuracy and prediction accuracy is determined, that is, the optimal model is selected by using the R2-OC criterion. In this paper, displacement monitoring data from measurement points are used for analysis. The results show that the deformation monitoring model based on the separated modeling technique exhibits higher prediction accuracy and lower false alarm rate. The R2-OC criterion better reflects the degree of overfitting of the monitoring model and the real situation of arch dam monitoring and warning, which improves the accuracy of model selection.