Accessibility Conditions Research Articles

Space-time Models and Personal Accessibility to Educational Facilities. Case Study of Space-time Accessibility to Schools in the City of Valencia

Society nowadays makes intensive use of time and extensive use of space. This has implications for spatial planning of facilities and services since it is now essential to look at personal accessibility (in terms of time and choice) and not just physical distance. Over and above spatial accessibility (distance or cost of travel to the facility or service), location models based on space-time accessibility also consider personal accessibility with respect to the time available to access a facility or service. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the practical usefulness of the theoretical approach grounded in the Geography of Time in enhancing personal accessibility to facilities and services which are provided in a specific space and at a specific time and have fixed start and end times, as is the case with schools. To this end, an ad hoc tool was developed to generate a number of scenarios simulating actual and hypothetical conditions for space-time accessibility to schools in the city of Valencia. The results showed how studying space-time accessibility may be extremely useful in drawing up proposals designed to increase personal accessibility to core services such as education and thereby helping to improve work-life balance.

De‐municipalisation? Legacies of austerity for England's urban parks

AbstractParks are important urban infrastructures that contribute a broad range of health, environmental, social, and economic benefits. Despite this, UK parks' status as non‐statutory services makes them particularly vulnerable to local authority budget cuts. This paper focuses on parks in English cities as these were particularly affected by severe cuts to local government budgets 2010–2019. This period of austerity affected parks provision in various ways, including service reductions, increased reliance on volunteer labour, and pressure to generate commercial revenue. Combined with a series of other factors, including ongoing neoliberalisation, austerity‐driven changes left a range of physical, social, and institutional legacies. This paper explores these using the notion of de‐municipalisation to frame the discussion. The paper is based on an innovative synthesis of research conducted by the authors 2016–2022 and presented at the RGS‐IBG Annual Conference in 2021. The paper identifies that austerity‐driven changes included an experimental ‘shaking up’ of park governance, away from local authorities and with greater involvement from national‐level NGOs. Changes also involved a ‘breaking down’ of municipal management, with responsibility delegated to dedicated parks trusts but also to community groups and volunteers. Ultimately, austerity 2010–2019 altered parks governance, transforming the stewardship and condition of parks, reducing accountability and accessibility, and exacerbating inequities in parks provision. Rather than representing new directions, these changes perpetuate those instigated in previous austerity eras. The noted trend towards de‐municipalisation also reduces parks' capacity to serve as integrated infrastructures – something that may hinder efforts to make cities more sustainable and resilient.

PROTECTION OF CIVILIAN POPULATION IN PUBLIC TERRITORY

In the conditions of modern war, the protection of the civilian population has become the biggest problem. Contrary to all the rules of warfare, the enemy's main goal is not victory on the battlefield, but the destruction of the entire population of Ukraine. To do this, rocket strikes are carried out at night against residential buildings and during the day at places of population concentration in the territory of cities. Shelters on the territory of cities are not provided for in the legislative and regulatory documentation. In these conditions, the city authorities of many cities in Ukraine took responsibility for people's lives. Within the limits of their authority, representatives of the city government and public organizations made significant efforts to ensure the protection of citizens in parks and squares, at public transport stops, and in children's playgrounds. The existing condition of the shelters installed at public transport stops in the cities of Ukraine, their structural and operational properties were analysed. The analysis of the existing shelters showed that to provide protection against small arms, missile fragments and air waves, the original shelters are quite suitable, but none of the structures that should become protection for citizens, first for the less mobile part of society, does not meet the requirements of accessibility Unprofessionalism of designers, lack of regulatory documentation, failure to take into account operating conditions eventually led to the gradual transformation of these shelters into public toilets and places for homeless people to sleep. The planning properties of a typical shelter project were analysed, non-compliance with accessibility conditions was pointed out, and the correction of design decisions was suggested. Changes are proposed to ensure the availability of shelters and their intended use; namely, the blocking of the specified buildings with trade and public catering establishments and public toilets.

Learning-Based Approaches to Current Identification from Magnetic Sensors.

Direct measurement of electric currents can be prevented by poor accessibility or prohibitive technical conditions. In such cases, magnetic sensors can be used to measure the field in regions adjacent to the sources, and the measured data then can be used to estimate source currents. Unfortunately, this is classified as an Electromagnetic Inverse Problem (EIP), and data from sensors must be cautiously treated to obtain meaningful current measurements. The usual approach requires using suited regularization schemes. On the other hand, behavioral approaches are recently spreading for this class of problems. The reconstructed model is not obliged to follow the physics equations, and this implies approximations which must be accurately controlled, especially if aiming to reconstruct an inverse model from examples. In this paper, a systematic study of the role of different learning parameters (or rules) on the (re-)construction of an EIP model is proposed, in comparison with more assessed regularization techniques. Attention is particularly devoted to linear EIPs, and in this class, a benchmark problem is used to illustrate in practice the results. It is shown that, by applying classical regularization methods and analogous correcting actions in behavioral models, similar results can be obtained. Both classical methodologies and neural approaches are described and compared in the paper.

A framework to improve urban accessibility and environmental conditions in age-friendly cities using graph modeling and multi-objective optimization

The rapid growth of cities in recent decades has unleashed several challenges for urban planning, which have been exacerbated by their aging population. Among the most pressing problems in cities are those related to mobility and environmental quality, by which a global concern has flourished around enhancing pedestrian accessibility for both environmental and health-related reasons. To tackle this issue, this paper presents a new framework that combines multi-objective optimization with a graph model that aims to support urban planning and management to enhance age-friendly cities. The framework allows designing urban projects that improve accessibility and reduce noise and/or air pollution through the installation of urban elements (ramps and escalators, elevators, acoustic and vegetation panels), while considering the overall economic cost of the installation. To explore the trade-off between these objectives, we resort to multi-objective evolutionary algorithms, which permit to compute near Pareto-optimal interventions over the graph model of the urban area under study. We showcase the applicability of the proposed framework over two use cases in the city of Barcelona (Spain), both quantitatively and qualitatively. Results evince that the framework can help urban planners make informed decisions towards enhancing urban accessibility and the environmental quality of age-friendly cities.

Tax incentives and imposition: problems and methods of improvement

The fiscal system is a complex system in which the normative legislative basis of fiscal order and fiscal administration interact. The fiscal administration system includes all fiscal methods, techniques and instruments used in the management process carried out by fiscal bodies. In the conditions of Moldova's accession to the European Union, it is necessary to completely review the structure of the economy and carry out reforms in various branches, and also in the field of taxes. The tax reform is necessary both from the point of view of harmonizing the tax systems of the acceding countries with the tax systems of the EU member countries, as well as for the further improvement of Moldova's tax mechanism. In order to reduce the level of the fiscal impact of taxes on the economic situation, it is necessary to implement methods of fiscal stimulation of various economic processes, to create conditions for attracting foreign investments in order to support local producers. Creating such conditions can be done by implementing some fiscal adjustment levers (tax exemptions, use of tax credits for investments, etc.)

Kontribusi Objek Wisata Pantai Sujono Terhadap Pendapatan Masyarakat Dan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD), Di Desa Lalang, Kecamatan Medang Deras, Kabupaten Batu Bara

This study aims to determine: Physical conditions, visitor perceptions, the contribution of the Sujono Beach tourist attraction to community income and local revenue (PAD). This research was conducted in Lalang Village with a population as well as samples from a number of 35 families (Heads of Families), 1 government agency namely the Department of Youth, Sports and Tourism of Batu Bara Regency (Dispora), and 10 visitors (tourists). In this way, the total sample obtained is 46 samples by means of Total Sampling. Data collection techniques used in this study were observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation with qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of the research show that: (1) The physical condition consists of several types of pine trees; ketapang tree; Palm tree; Mango tree. (2) Tourist perceptions of tourist objects from all the facilities provided are classified as unfavorable/unsatisfied, in terms of accessibility conditions, physical conditions, cleanliness conditions and conditions in use at the Sujono Beach tourist attraction. (3) The contribution of the Sujono Beach tourist attraction to community income is 78.65%. This can be related to the 2019 Batu Bara Regency UMK (Rp. 3,191,570), so (78.65%) the community's needs have not met their daily needs and are below the UMK. (4) The contribution generated by Regional Original Revenue (PAD) can be seen from 2015 contributing 6.06% and is increasingly decreasing.

Quality of public space and sustainable development goals: analysis of nine urban projects in Spanish cities

The starting point of this research is the urban model promoted by the United Nations through the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The importance of public spaces is especially highlighted in Goal 11.7: “provide universal access to safe, inclusive, and accessible, green, and public spaces …” The quality of public spaces can be properly assessed by reconsidering the quality indicators and investigating their development potential, which is the main focus of our research. This study is based on a theoretical and methodological reflection on the quality of public space, considering the contributions of some contemporary urban traditions and a few recent experiences. From this perspective, a variety of public space projects developed in the European sphere have been selected and analyzed. The quality parameters identified in this initial analysis were then applied to the analysis of nine representative case studies in three Spanish cities (Madrid, Barcelona, and Zaragoza). The main goal is to propose a methodology that helps to evaluate the quality of those public spaces and determine its relationship with the safety, accessibility, and inclusiveness conditions they offer.

System Dynamics Analysis of the Relationship between Urban Transportation and Overall Citizen Satisfaction: A Case Study of Patras City, Greece

The main objective of this research is to evaluate how the transport sector affects the satisfaction of citizens. The model developed aims both at assessing the satisfaction of citizens and using it as a tool to measure the change in citizens’ satisfaction resulting from new mobility practices or policies. The developed scenarios are based on the principles of sustainability and the action plans concern: better accessibility conditions for alternative means of transport; improving travel safety; reducing air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption; increasing efficiency and effectiveness in the movement of people and goods; and enhancing the attractiveness and quality of the urban environment. The results reveal that it is necessary for local decision makers to take further measures to increase the overall satisfaction of citizens with the aim of prosperity and happiness of citizens within their city, and the proposed model can support the decision-making process. Utilizing the developed system dynamics model, it is possible to make simulations with new data and at the same time to evaluate the change they bring to the individual sectors and to the overall satisfaction of the citizens.

UNIVERSAL DESIGN AS THE BASIS OF FORMING AN ACCESSIBLE ARCHITECTURAL ENVIRONMENT OF MODERN CITIES

The article examines the problems of creating an accessible architectural environment in Ukrainian cities. The relevance of the study is determined by: a large percentage of people with disabilities in the structure of the population of Ukraine, including people with disabilities, an increase in their number as a result of hostilities; lack of accessibility conditions for low-mobility population groups in most settlements; lack of understanding by society of the complex problem of accessibility; absence at local levels (in local administrations) of a clear algorithm of actions to ensure the accessibility of the architectural and urban planning environment. The purpose of the article is to reveal the role of universal design as a basis for the formation of an accessible architectural environment of modern cities.
 Universal design is a cost-effective approach, because it meets the needs of all users already at the initial stage of development and design and eliminates future irrational costs. The concept of universal design provides not only architectural accessibility to the building, but also the ergonomics of all elements of the object-spatial environment, the physical and psychological comfort of being in the architectural environment, and promotes the social integration of people with disabilities.
 Universal design in the field of architecture and urban planning and the formation of an accessible architectural environment is a process that begins with the designer's awareness of his own social responsibility for the formation of the level of comfort of the living environment that people experience throughout their lives, with its orientation to the variety of needs, opportunities and experiences of users.
 The application of the principles of Universal design and the corresponding architectural and design methods of their implementation are currently the optimal means of adapting the architectural and urban planning environment to the needs and capabilities of all categories of users, including those with limited mobility. The publication analyzes in detail the importance of many specific techniques for the formation of an accessible architectural environment: the absence of stairs, a wide entrance with sliding doors, adaptability of workplace equipment, convenient control panels, presentation of information in an easy-to-understand format (in the form of symbols, icons, infographics), tactile contrasting color coating.
 The main obstacles on the way to the application of the principles of Universal Design and the formation of an accessible architectural environment of Ukrainian cities are the low level of social awareness of citizens, as well as the insufficient level of funding.

Decrypting the stream periphyton physical habitat of recently deglaciated floodplains

The rapid recession of glaciers is exposing large zones to the development of embryonic phototrophic ecosystems and eventual ecological succession. Traditionally, succession patterns in glacial forefields have been seen as a response to time since deglaciation, but nowadays forefield exposure is so rapid that this theory may be less applicable. In this succession process, periphyton are potential pioneer organisms because of their role in modifying the local environment (e.g. access to water) to create conditions conducive to plant colonization. In this paper, we aim to decrypt the physical properties of the habitats that define the spatial and temporal assemblage of periphyton during the melt-season of an Alpine temperate glacier in the context of rapid climate change. We show that periphyton develop in glacial floodplains throughout the melt-season and could extend to cover significant surfaces. However, development is only possible when the combined conditions of stability and water accessibility are met. In glacial floodplains, stable zones exist and are typically located on terraces; but they can also be locally found for much shorter periods in the more active, glacial-stream reworked zone. On terraces, water accessibility can be a limit due to well-drained sediments, but when present, often aided by the role that biofilms play in creating an impermeable layer, it provides a stable and clear water source that biofilms could exploit. In the active part of the braid plain, whilst water availability is very high, the water is harsh (low temperature, high turbidity) and erosive. Therein, periphyton can rapidly exploit short windows of opportunity but the habitat conditions rarely remain stable for long enough for continuous periphyton cover to develop. Thus, the role of periphyton in ecosystem succession is strongly conditioned by the spatial extent of the active zone, itself a function of high rates of glacier melt and sediment supply associated with rapid glacier retreat.

Туристическая деятельность в вузе: мотивация молодёжи

The article examines the prospects for tourism development in higher education insti-tution and the factors of young people motivation to participate in tourist activities. Students’ involvement in tourist activities should be based on creation of suitable and accessible con-ditions that will motivate students to be engaged in tourism. Examples of tourist events in which students of Udmurt State Agrarian University participate are given.

Synergistic current drive of helicon wave and lower hybrid wave in HL-2M

Non-inductive current drive plays a crucial role in tokamak, especially for its steady state operations. Recently, the helicon wave (HW) has been regarded as a promising tool for driving off-axis plasma current in reactor-grade machine. The lower-hybrid wave (LHW) is the most effective radio-frequency current drive method, however, it has the drawback, which is limited by the conditions of wave accessibility in the high parameter tokamak, making the wave power usually damped at the plasma edge. HW can spiral towards the plasma centre directly under a high electron density. To obtain a long pulse steady state operation of reactor tokamak, the complementarity of HW and LHW in the aspect of driven current distribution in the high parameter tokamak is considered. The synergy current drive of the HW and the LHW is studied numerically in the steady-state scenario of HL-2M. According to the fast wave dispersion relation of plasma, the HW parameters, including its wave frequency and launched parallel refractive index, are obtained firstly. Results of GENRAY code simulation show that a single pass wave power absorption of the HW can be obtained generally through the electron Landau damping and transit time magnetic pumping effects. On the other hand, the LHW parameters are adopted from the equipped system on the machine. Results of single pass wave absorption are also obtained in the case of LHW. And then, the synergy effects of HW and LHW are studied numerically based on the GENRAY/CQL3D models. The cooperation of these two waves results in a broad plasma current distribution along the radial direction (<inline-formula><tex-math id="M2">\begin{document}$\rho = $\end{document}</tex-math><alternatives><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="24-20231077_M2.jpg"/><graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="24-20231077_M2.png"/></alternatives></inline-formula>0.2－0.9) in the machine. Taking the electron distribution functions of these waves into account, it is clear that the electrons are accelerated by the HW in the parallel magnetic field direction, resulting in more electrons entering the region of LHW resonance area. As the consequence, a net plasma current appears. Furthermore, a fine-grained parametric scan is performed by changing the launched parallel refractive index of HW, and the results indicate that positive synergy effects can be generally observed once the related wave current drive profiles are overlapped. Finally, the synergy factor is shown to be proportional to this overlap and reaches its maximum value of 1.18 in HL-2M.

Debt crisis in the electricity market: causes and threats to the economic security of electricity companies

The article states that one of the main sector conditions for Ukraine's accession to the European Union is the launch of a full-fledged energy market, for which purpose a number of institutional, economic and regulatory reforms have been implemented since 2015. It is proved that despite the government’s conscientious efforts to make a transition to the European model of energy markets, Ukraine has failed to do so due to a large number of regulatory restrictions on wholesale prices (price caps), an unbalanced policy of supporting renewable energy industry, the absence of market prices for households and the existing mechanisms for imposing special obligations, which together have led to the formation of a chain of debts “all to all” in the electricity market. It is substantiated that the debt crisis currently observed in the energy sector of Ukraine requires urgent measures. Further ignoring it is unacceptable, as it poses significant threats to both the country’s energy security and the financial viability of electricity companies. The article considers the chain of debts of electric power enterprises formed through the Public Service Obligations (PSO) model. The causes of the debt crisis in the Ukrainian electricity market are identified, including: incorrect operation of the PSO mechanism; significant underfunding of tariffs for households, as well as tariffs for electricity transmission services via the high-voltage trunk network and power system management (dispatching); granting debtors a preference - depriving them of "punishment" for late payment of the cost of consumed services. The author analyses the proposed measures to mitigate the crisis by: compensation of debts at the expense of the State budget; attraction of loans from State and international banks; cancellation of price restrictions established by the National Commission for State Regulation of Energy and Public Utilities (NCSREPU), the so-called price caps; allocation of part of the excise tax revenues to repay the debts incurred in the electricity market; increasing the volume of clean electricity exports to the EU; introduction of a market for guarantees of origin, under which each renewable energy producer will receive guarantees, i.e. an asset that can be sold. The advantages and disadvantages of each of the proposed measures are indicated.

Кринж как этический китч и практика дистанцирования

The author addresses the problem of defining and analyzing the features of the cringe as a specific modern phenomenon. The first thesis of the article is that the word cringe being clearly similar to other slang words in terms of meaning and practice of use, is not their synonym and expresses its own new concept, important for the current cultural situation. The author demonstrates the features of this situation discussing the specificity of cringe. In the article, cringe is considered as a special judgment about the action and experience of the Other, built on the existentialist grounds. The author shows that the same grounds are also found in the analysis of kitsch as a judgment, which makes these two complex and relevant concepts related. Based on the concepts of kitsch by Umberto Eco and Tomáš Kulka, the author makes an attempt to formulate his own definition. Kitsch and cringe are judgments not only about the object, but also about the response it aims at and the means by which that response is elicited. At the same time, kitsch is precisely an aesthetic concept and refers to aesthetic reactions and means, while cringe goes beyond the aesthetic and works with both ethical and sociocultural meanings. In conclusion, the author especially emphasizes that the cringe is associated with the practice of distancing, which is extremely important for building an identity in the current situation. In conditions of total accessibility and closeness of the experience of the Other, distancing becomes an important tool for delineating the circle of the Own.

FEATURES OF DEVELOPMENT OF INCLUSIVE TOURISM IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES: EVIDENCE FOR UKRAINE

Purpose. The aim of the article is the systematization of the features of the development of inclusive tourism in European countries and determination of the possibility of their implementation in Ukraine. Methodology of research. A systematic approach was used in the work in aim to establish the main directions of inclusive tourism in Europe, which is connected with a comprehensive study of scientific and analytical materials and the determination of provisions regarding the investigated issues. With the help of the adaptation method, the assumptions regarding the implementation of the indicated directions of inclusive tourism in Ukraine were evaluated. Findings. A systematization and characterization of the features of the development of inclusive tourism in European countries has been carried out, among which the following are highlighted: the direction of access to tourist information and the consistency of offers with such information for people with disabilities; the direction of technological accessibility to information about tourist destinations, offers of the country's tourism sector, its infrastructure entities; a comprehensive direction of ensuring the conditions for the development of inclusive tourism, related to both the physical conditions of accessibility and the level of service for persons with special needs. It was determined that the considered components of the development of inclusive tourism in European countries have certain implementation in Ukraine. It has been proven that although at the current stage of recovery and ensuring the growth of the country's tourism industry, a comprehensive review of the concept of inclusive tourism development in the country is needed, which will contribute to the increase of internal and external tourist flows, the emergence of new and reorganization of existing tourist destinations. It is noted that in view of the above, the researched experience of European countries regarding legislative provision, regulation and implementation of inclusive tourism can be applied in Ukraine. It was established that for the implementation of the effective development of the specified type of tourism, joint interaction at the state level (at the national, regional, local levels), infrastructural support entities, etc. is necessary (implementation of public-private partnership measures is possible). Originality. Modern features of the development of inclusiveness in the conditions of the formation of the European tourism sector are highlighted. Practical value. The presented directions for the development of inclusiveness can be used in the system of improving the management of tourist destinations. Key words: features of the development of inclusive tourism, European countries, Ukraine, subjects of infrastructure support, accessibility, tourists with special needs, tourism sector, tourist destinations.

Rule of Law as the Hard Condition for Accession

The enlargement policy stands as one of the EU’s most significant policies. In a changing world order and amid shifting geopolitical circumstances, it is in the vital interest of the European Union and its Member States to demonstrate progress in this policy area and to expand the Union with new members. Despite not expanding in the last ten years, the European Union’s enlargement policy has undergone significant changes, resulting in increasingly stringent and evolving requirements for candidate countries. This article utilises the conceptual framework of Europeanisation to assess the current preparedness of candidate countries, with a specific focus on the ‘fundamentals’, including Chapters 23 and 24.

Fluorescence detection of 4-nitrophenol and α-glucosidase activity based on 4-nitrophenol-regulated fluorescence of silicon nanoparticles.

A fluorescence assay for the detection of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), α-glucosidase (α-Glu) activity and α-Glu inhibitors (AGIs) is developed based on the inner filter effect (IFE), a flexible and simple signal transfer strategy. In this assay, silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs) synthesized under mild and easily accessible conditions are employed as fluorescent indicators. 4-NP efficaciously quenches the fluorescence of Si NPs through the IFE at a very rapid rate, thus achieving 4-NP detection in a mix-to-read manner, which is suitable for on-site detection. The quenching mechanism has been comprehensively studied and confirmed. More significantly, based on the fact that 4-NP can be generated through α-Glu-catalyzed hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (NPG), the fluorescence detection of α-Glu activity is legitimately achieved by employing NPG as the substrate. The linear ranges for 4-NP and α-Glu activity detection are 0.5-60 μM and 0.5-60 mU mL-1 with low detection limits of 0.074 μM and 0.094 mU mL-1, respectively. This method not only can preciously assay targets in real samples, but is also capable of screening AGIs as drugs as well as assessing their inhibition efficiency.

Evaluating the accessibility of old cities: Case of Central Kolkata, India

AbstractOld Indian cities are often less accessible due to temporal restrictions and ever‐rising pedestrian volume. In this research, the accessibility of the footpath‐level walkability condition of old core cities has been assessed through Architectural Planning Research, considering 32 footpath stretches in Central Kolkata, India, as a case. The research has considered 3 data sets, (a) 257 experts' opinions about universal mobility, (b) 18 variables for assessing accessibility conditions, and (c) peak hour pedestrian volume. IBM® SPSS® Statistics 26.0 version has been used to validate the findings of the research. It was found that mixed‐use buildings demarcate the edge of the footpaths in old cities. 50.6% of Indian experts have prioritized the “dimension of the footpath” while assessing universal mobility for pedestrians in the old cities of India. The average accessibility percentage for the entire surveyed stretch is negative which highlights the poor accessibility of the stretch. Pearson's correlation between footpath width and infrastructure score of 0.535 signifies the width of a footpath plays a significant role in determining the level of footpath infrastructure. Thus, the findings of this research can be used while preparing accessibility development plans for the study area and other areas of a similar genre. In this research, the accessibility of the footpath‐level walkability condition of old core cities has been assessed through Architectural Planning Research, considering Central Kolkata, India, as a case. The findings of this research prove the relationship between footpath width and the footpath infrastructure.

Assessment and Influencing Factors of Water Supply Capacity and Water Resource Utilization Efficiency in Southwest China

China has been facing serious water scarcity, and improving the supply and utilization of water resources from the perspective of resource endowment, economic development and water infrastructure is of great significance toward sustainable water development. In this work, two index systems for evaluating the water supply capacity (WSC) and the water infrastructure construction level (WICL) were constructed; the water resource utilization efficiency (WRUE) was measured by applying a super slack-based measure model; the ordinary least squares and geographically weighted regression models were used to explore the heterogeneity of spatial relationships. The results showed that both WSC (0.15~0.67) and WRUE (0.25~1.18) had spatial heterogeneity. WSC was positively correlated with water resource accessibility and GDP per capita (R2 = 0.406, p < 0.01), which represented water resource endowment and economic development, respectively. WRUE was positively correlated with GDP per capita but was negatively correlated with accessibility (R2 = 0.654, p < 0.01). The relationship of WICL with accessibility and GDP per capita varied over the study’s area. We found that the WSC in the southeast, WRUE in the north and WICL in the south were mainly associated with water resource endowments. The WSC in the north, WRUE in the southwest and WICL in the north were mainly associated with the economic development level. Noteworthily, strengthening the construction of water conservancy is one of the effective ways to improve water supply. Suggestions on improving WSC and WRUE were provided based on different accessibility and economic conditions, to promote the sustainable development of water resources.