Concurrent Design Approach Research Articles

PELAKSANAAN KEBIJAKAN DAN PENILAIAN PENGGUNAAN APD (ALAT PELINDUNG DIRI) OLEH DOKTER DAN BIDAN DI RUANG BERSALIN DAN NIFAS RSU PKU MUHAMMADIYAH YOGYAKARTA UNIT I TAHUN 2014/2015

Background: Hospital is a place for taking care of the patients where there are many kinds of disease there. Disease caused by infection is one of disease that can be found in hospital. It can be the mild one or the severe one. Therefore, it can spread from one patient to the other patients. Besides that, the workers also can be infected since their job required them to having a contact with the infection agent. The General hospital of PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Unit 1 has formed the Komite Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Infeksi (KPPI) or Committee of Prevention and Restraint of Infection since 2012, this committee has made a policy related to universal precautions which giving protection to medical staff, patients, and patients’ families.
 Methods: In collecting the data, this research used mixed method with concurrent triangulation strategy design and cross-sectional approach. The population of this research is doctors in delivery and postpartum room and the members of KPPI. The total of the population is 30 people. In analyzing the data, the writer used logistic regression. The resources were taken from some related books, journals, articles, and research from several media.
 Results and Discussion: The result of this research showed that the degree of compliance of doctors and midwives in using PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) in postpartum room (92.9%) was higher than the using of PPE in the delivery room (76.9%). This implementation/compliance is influenced by disposition factors/attitude (ρ = 0.000 <0.05) and the structure of bureaucracy (ρ 0,000 <0.05), while the variable of communication (ρ=0,164 > 0,05) and resource (ρ=0,431 > 0,05) do not influence on the implementation of the use of PPE.
 Conclusions and Recommendations: The implementation of the use of PPE in the delivery and postpartum room is still not performing well and the evaluation process was still not optimal. The hospital is expected to improve the supervision of the head room. Moreover, the implementation of SOP (Standard Operational Procedure) on the universal Guidelines for Vigilance Implementation should be conducted especially the use of PPE in delivery and postpartum room.

A model-based design synthesis method for autonomous articulated vehicles

In conventional autonomous vehicle designs, the mechanical system is first devised, and the automated driving systems are subsequently added. The conventional method can be categorized as a sequential design approach. An autonomous vehicle consists of the subsystems of mechanical assembles, automated driving, etc. There exist dynamic couplings among these subsystems, and the sequential design method may not be the most effective. This observation initiates the motivation of this research, and the objective of this paper is thus to explore a more effective design method for autonomous vehicles and, in particular, autonomous articulated vehicles. To this end, this paper proposes a model-based design synthesis method, i.e., a concurrent design method, for autonomous articulated vehicles. The autonomous articulated vehicle assumes to be composed of the subsystems of a mechanical unit, a trajectory tracking-controller based on a model predictive control technique, and a motion-planner. The design synthesis of the autonomous articulated vehicle is constructed as a bi-level optimization problem. With the proposed concurrent design approach, the subsystems are optimally devised simultaneously. To examine the proposed approach, it is applied to the design of a car-trailer combination with automated steering. The insightful findings attained from the study may be used as guidelines for developing autonomous articulated vehicles.

Metamodels to enable renewable energy system consideration within thermal and electrical systems optimization

Emerging infrastructure systems requiring both thermal and electrical energy will be powered by both renewable and conventional energy sources. To consider competitive energy subsystem designs concurrently within the design of a complete infrastructure system, high speed energy subsystem analysis tools and optimization approaches are required. This work demonstrates the use of metamodels for enabling this concurrent design approach. A renewable energy system model is presented for estimating the performance, cost, greenhouse gas emissions, and water consumption of photovoltaic, wind, concentrated solar power, battery, grid, and steam systems for a given location. High-speed metamodel representations of this model are successfully constructed. A few case studies are presented wherein the optimization time and outcomes are compared between the complete model and the metamodels. Both systems identify cheaper, less emitting, and more water efficient systems by deploying renewable energy sources. The metamodels identify competitive systems exceptionally faster than the complete model, four seconds compared to an hour on average, at no detriment to the cost of the identified system. Therefore, metamodels may be used to enable the preliminary concurrent design of emerging infrastructure systems in a computationally manageable way.

Program to Institutionalize Meritocracy and Excellence in Human Resource Management (PRIME-HRM) in the Division of Northern Samar: Achieving Maturity Level II

Effective human resource management is critical to the success of educational institutions, but it can be challenging to manage human resources in the education sector. Recruitment, selection, and retention of highly qualified personnel, providing professional development opportunities, and ensuring employee satisfaction and motivation are some of the challenges that institutions face. This study examines the human resource management practices of the Schools Division Office (SDO) Northern Samar in the Philippines, using a mixed methods concurrent design approach. It collected data through reports, documents, and interviews with SDO officials and school administrators. The qualitative and quantitative findings were merged through simultaneous data analysis. The findings revealed that SDO Northern Samar has met the PRIME-HRM Level 2 – Maturity Level Indicators in the Systems, Practices, and Competencies of the four core Human Resource Management areas. The overall performance rating of 4.950 reflects the excellent service delivery of SDO Northern Samar. Further, most of the recipients of appointments and HR programs were teachers, followed by school administrators and non-teaching personnel. The high number of teachers who received training, seminars, and workshops indicates a strong emphasis on professional development for educators in the school system. The significant participation of school administrators in these events suggests a supportive organizational culture for professional growth. Moreover, most of the scholars receive courses from SEAMEO InnoTech, and most of the rewards and recognition being received are from the division level. These findings highlight the importance of providing opportunities for all staff members to enhance their skills and knowledge and the high level of excellence and dedication of the teaching, non-teaching, and teaching-related personnel within the division. These accomplishments were achieved through best practices in human resource management such as developing a comprehensive recruitment strategy that targets a diverse pool of candidates, providing support for new hires, regularly evaluating staff performance and providing feedback, and creating a culture of appreciation and recognition. Additionally, providing ongoing professional development opportunities, implementing a mentoring program, and developing a comprehensive compensation and benefits package are important for staff advancement and retention. These findings can help educational institutions improve their human resource management practices and enhance the quality of education they provide. Keywords: Human resource management, education sector, Philippines, PRIME-HRM, best practices, mixed methods DOI: 10.7176/JEP/14-11-03 Publication date: April 30 th 2023

Project Validation: A Set-Based and Concurrent Design Approach to Inform Owner’s Authorization Decision on Complex Projects

AbstractStrictly speaking, there is no way to have certainty of the outcomes or the value of decisions made early in a project. However, early decisions set the path to cost and schedule performanc...

E-learning in a pandemic era

The COVID-19 pandemic contributed to a digital economy transition by emphasizing the importance of digital infrastructure while exposing the digital gaps between countries and communities. Inequalities in digital access has impeded educational gains made towards achieving the sustainable development goals. While major studies have been carried out on digital learning there is currently a dearth of knowledge on the digital gaps and needs of students in remote communities in Nigeria. To this end, this study explored the digital gaps and needs of rural secondary schools in remote communities and its implications on e-learning across 6 Nigerian states during the COVID-19 era. The study adopted a concurrent embedded mixed method design approach to collect data from rural secondary schools from 6 Nigerian states. Findings from the study identified lack of ICT strategies and policies in Nigeria, socio-economic status, poor internet connectivity, electricity, and a high poverty level as the major drivers of digital gaps in remote communities.

Inclusive Education Status through the Lenses of Teachers in Zambia

This study was conducted to examine the status of inclusive education in Zambia, learning from teachers’ perspectives about how inclusive education is being implemented and the whether teachers receive adequate support to implement inclusive education to learners with disabilities. The study employed a concurrent mixed design approach in which both quantitative and qualitative data were generated and applied. Open and closed ended questionnaires were used to collect data from teachers that were upgrading their qualifications via distance education at Kwame Nkrumah University, University of Zambia and Chalimbana University. Findings indicated that Zambia practices partial inclusion in which only the mild and moderate learners with disabilities are included in classrooms. Inclusive education is understood by teachers in the context of disability and teachers reported that they did not receive adequate support to implement inclusive education effectively. It is recommended that the Government of the Republic of Zambia through the Ministry of General Education should focus on training teachers in inclusive education and its methodologies to meet the learning needs of learners from different circumstances

Left behind? The effects of digital gaps on e-learning in rural secondary schools and remote communities across Nigeria during the COVID19 pandemic

The COVID19 pandemic has contributed to a digital economy by emphasising the importance of digital infrastructure while exposing the digital gaps between countries and communities. For example, during the period of COVID19, schools were closed with no option of online learning due to a deficit of infrastructure around educational technologies. Inequalities in digital access have impeded educational gains made towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Though significant studies have been carried out on digital learning, there is currently a dearth of knowledge on students' digital gaps and needs in remote communities in Nigeria. To this end, this research study explored the digital gaps and needs of rural secondary schools in remote communities and its implications on e-learning across 6 Nigerian states, namely Kwara, Ekiti, Ebonyi, Bayelsa, Adamawa, and Kano during the COVID19 era. The study adopted a concurrent embedded mixed method design approach to collect data from rural secondary schools from 6 Nigerian states. Findings from the study identified a lack of ICT strategies and policies in Nigeria, socioeconomic status, poor internet connectivity, electricity, and a high poverty level as the primary drivers of digital gaps in remote communities. Therefore, addressing the digital gaps among students in remote parts of Nigeria will be crucial to achieving the targets of SDGs, particularly SDG 4: Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all by 2030.

Simple solar panels/battery modeling for spacecraft power distribution systems

To progress towards as quick as possible feasible pre-design of space missions, spacecraft early design today is organized gathering together experts from different spacecraft subsystems that share information (and results). This Concurrent Design (CD) approach needs accurate but quick solutions from all subsystems involved in each phase of that mission early design. At IDR/UPM Institute researchers have been working in simplified models for the spacecraft power distribution subsystem. In the present paper three models, for solar panels, the battery and DC-DC converters are described and tested with experimental data. The models were designed to be coupled within the simulation of a spacecraft mission. The model regarding the solar panels is focused on accurately estimate the power production from the panels, whereas the model of the batteries is based on the discharged energy rate as the main/control parameter instead of the discharged/charged ampere·hour rate. Finally, the solar-panels/battery coupled design is described in this paper, the UPMSat-2 mission being used as case study.

Exploring factors affecting quality implementation of lymphatic filariasis mass drug administration in Bole and Central Gonja Districts in Northern Ghana.

Ghana has been implementing Mass Drug Administration (MDA) since the year 2001, and Lymphatic Filariasis transmission has been interrupted in 76 out of the 98 targeted districts. The remaining districts have a microfilaria prevalence above the 1% threshold needed for the interruption of transmission. This study assesses the level of lymphatic filariasis MDA coverage and explored factors affecting the quality of implementation of the MDA in the Bole and Central Gonja Districts of Northern Ghana. A concurrent mixed methods study design approach was used to provide both a quantitative and qualitative insight. A descriptive analysis was carried out, and the results are presented in tables and charts. The transcripts of the qualitative interviews were imported into Nvivo and framework methods of analysis were used. The results were summarized based on the themes and buttressed with narratives with key quotes presented within the texts. The overall MDA coverage in Central Gonja is 89.3% while that of Bole district is 82.9%. Refusal to ingest the drug and adverse drug reactions were higher in Bole district than the Central Gonja District. The persistent transmission of lymphatic filariasis in Bole District was characterized by poor community mobilization and sensitization, nonadherence to the directly observed treatment strategy, refusal to ingest the drug due to the fear of adverse drug reactions, inadequate knowledge and misconceptions about the disease. Reported mass drug administration coverage will not necessarily result into interruption of transmission of the disease without strict compliance to the directly observed treatment strategy, strong stakeholder engagement coupled with evidence-based context-specific multi-channel community education strategies with key educational messages on the cause of the disease and adverse drug reactions. While the clock for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis by the year 2020 and meeting of the Sustainable Development Goal 3 target 3.3 by 2030 is ticking, there is an urgent need for a concerted effort to improve the fidelity of the ongoing lymphatic filariasis MDA campaigns in the Bole District of Northern Ghana.

Barriers, Facilitators, and Suggested Interventions for Lung Cancer Screening Among a Rural Screening-Eligible Population.

Introduction: Rural areas are disproportionally affected by lung cancer late-stage incidence and mortality. Lung cancer screening (LCS) is recommended to find lung cancer early and reduce mortality, yet uptake is low. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the barriers to, facilitators of, and suggested interventions for increasing LCS among a rural screening-eligible population using a mixed methods concurrent embedded design study. Methods: Qualitative and quantitative data were collected from rural-residing adults who met the eligibility criteria for LCS but who were not up-to-date with LCS recommendations. Study participants (n = 23) took part in 1 of 5 focus groups and completed a survey. Focus group discussions were recorded, transcribed, and coded through a mixed deductive and inductive approach. Survey data were used to enhance and clarify focus group results; these data were integrated in the design and during analysis, in accordance with the mixed methods concurrent embedded design approach. Results: Several key barriers to LCS were identified, including an overall lack of knowledge about LCS, not receiving information or recommendation from a health care provider, and lack of transportation. Key facilitators were receiving a provider recommendation and high motivation to know the screening results. Participants suggested that LCS uptake could be increased by addressing provider understanding and recommendation of LCS and conducting community outreach to promote LCS awareness and access. Conclusion: The results suggest that the rural screening-eligible population is generally receptive to LCS. Patient-level factors important to getting this population screened include knowledge, transportation, motivation to know their screening results, and receiving information or recommendation from a provider. Addressing these factors may be important to increase rural LCS uptake.

An optimal concurrent product design and service planning approach through simulation-based evaluation considering the whole product life-cycle span

A new approach is introduced in this research to identify the optimal product design and its service plan concurrently through simulation-based evaluation considering the whole product life-cycle span. In this approach, the generic product design is modeled by an AND-OR tree with parameter variables, and the specific design candidates and their design parameter values are created from the AND-OR tree. In the same way, the generic service plan is modeled by an AND-OR tree with parameter variables, and the specific service plan candidates and their service parameter values are created from the AND-OR tree. In the whole product life-cycle span, the product components, parameter values and functional performances are changed due to service activities such as maintenances and repairs. Simulation approach is employed to evaluate serviceability of the product in its whole life-cycle span considering different product designs, design parameters, service plans, and service parameters. A multi-level and multi-objective optimization method is developed to identify the optimal product design, design parameter values, service plan and service parameter values. A case study is implemented to show the newly introduced optimal concurrent product design and service planning approach.

Kebijakan peningkatan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan masyarakat miskin di Kabupaten Probolinggo

This research uses the concurrent embedded design approach. The objective of this research is to identify the regional regulation of Probolinggo Regency in the health sector in an effort to improve the quality of lower-class health services and the factors or obstacles in the implementation of health policies as well as to know the quality of the health services delivered to that poor community. The results show that the provision of lower-class health services is in the form of JKN membership (Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional or National Health Insurance) held by BPJS (Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial or Social Security Agency) in the health sector through PBI (Penerima Bantuan Iuranor Beneficiaries); Jamkesda (Jaminan Kesehatan Daerah or Regional Health Insurance) funds sharingparticipants; through a statement of incapacity (SKTM or Surat Keterangan Tidak Mampu). In this matter, the policy is in the form of Regent Decree number 12 of 2015 concerning the lower-class health services which are not included in JKN and Jamkesda at RSUD Waluyo Jati Kraksaan Probolinggo (Waluyo Jati Kraksaan Probolinggo Regional Public Hospital). The factor which becomes the obstacle in the policy implementation is the lack of specialist doctors such as a dermatologist and surgeon. The regional budget also becomes a barrier to meet various health facilities and infrastructure. Besides that, the problem from the lower class itself is the reluctance of the family to be referred to a government hospital (East Java Province) due to their incapability to meet the living and transportation expenses while they wait for the patient. Therefore, quantitatively, the policy implementation to improve the lower-class health services is able to make a positive contribution to the quality of health services in a public hospital. It is also known that various variable indicators are in a good category. Nevertheless, certain indicators still not good and need deep improvements in the service. DOI : https://doi.org/10.26905/pjiap.v4i1.2343

Frontal-Sagittal Dynamic Coupling in the Optimal Design of a Passive Bipedal Walker

The parametric design of passive bipedal walkers (PBWs) has been addressed by considering its dynamics in sagittal plane only. Nevertheless, with the aim of obtaining a complete parametric description, frontal plane dynamics must also be involved. Hence, in order to obtain a synergetic design of a PBW that simultaneously couples operating requirements of both planes, a concurrent design problem is proposed. The concurrent design approach is established as a nonlinear discontinuous dynamic optimization problem with mixed design variables and is solved by using four variants of differential evolution (DE) algorithm. The reduction in differences among Poincare mapping values related to consecutive gait cycles is proposed as the performance function, where its minimization must induce the convergence toward a limit cycle in PBW frontal and sagittal planes. A comparative analysis between the proposed concurrent design and a sequential design process is carried out for a particular case study: the PBW with single joint and curved feet. The simulation results show the advantages of the obtained concurrent design solutions to provide stable gait cycles in both PBW planes. In addition, the statistical analysis of the applied DE variants indicates that DE/best/1/bin promotes an efficient tradeoff between exploration and exploitation of solutions in the objective space. For the particular problem, this results in a high design reconfigurability, mainly associated with the material assignment diversity provided by the optimizer.

The deployable telescope: a cutting-edge solution for high spatial and temporal resolved Earth observation

Abstract The increase of spatial and temporal resolution for Earth observation (EO) is the ultimate driver for science and societal applications. However, the state-of-the-art EO missions like DigitalGlobe’s Worldview-3, are very costly. Moreover, this system has a high mass of 2800 kg and limited swath width of about 15 km which limits the temporal resolution. In this article, we present the status of the deployable space telescope (DST) project, which has been running for 6 years now at the Delft University of Technology, as a cutting-edge solution to solve this issue. Deployable optics have the potential of revolutionising the field of high resolution EO. By splitting up the primary mirror (M1) of a telescope into deployable segments and placing the secondary mirror (M2) on a deployable boom, the launch volume of a telescope can be reduced by a factor of 4 or more, allowing for much lower launch costs. This allows for larger EO constellations, providing image data with a much better revisit time than existing solutions. The DST specification baseline, based on Wordview-3, aims to provide images with a ground resolution of 25 cm (panchromatic 450–650 nm) from an orbital altitude of 500 km. In this paper, the current status of the optical, thermo-mechanical, and active optics systems design are described. The concurrent design approach combined with a strict bottom-up and top-down compliant systems engineering approach show that the DST is a healthy system concept.

A Preliminary Design of a Mission to Triton: A Concurrent Engineering Approach

The early stages of a space mission design are crucial for the development of the whole project because they strongly influence the ensuing design phases. Moreover, feasibility assessment at early stages brings to time and cost reductions and strongly determines the overall performances of proposed solutions. Concurrent Engineering (CE) is a systemic and systematic design strategy that employs real-time interdisciplinary activities for products development. The advantage of the CE approach is particularly noticeable in the study of systems of high complexity, as space exploration systems do. The aim of this work is to show how a Concurrent Design approach can be very profitable in the development of a pre-phase A study of an interplanetary space mission, by means of a greater and effective exchange of information, enlarging the solutions tradespace, highlighting system criticalities and solving inter-subsystems conflicts. The case study, TRIton Tomography Orbiter (TRITO), is conceived as a mission to investigate the Neptune planetary system and its main moon Triton, which is of scientific interest due to its geological activity and the possible presence of subsurface oceans. The possibility of a pre-science phase in orbit around Neptune has been considered, giving the opportunity of precise measurements of its gravitational and magnetic field, together with its upper atmosphere composition. Therefore, a complex suite of instruments composed of magnetometers, laser altimeters, cameras and spectrometers, constitutes the payload, supported by a spacecraft able to face challenging environmental conditions during its whole spaceflight, ending with an aerocapture manoeuvre within the Neptune atmosphere. The collaborative approach, through the use of a modern CE design tool, is demonstrated to be very helpful not only in finding solutions meeting the strict constraints imposed by the harsh environmental conditions, but also for the individuation of optimum solutions related to mission analysis and mass budget aspects according to the system criticalities. The CE approach has been demonstrated to be an unavoidable design methodology for the development of systems showing a high level of subsystems interconnections and simultaneous interactions of different engineering domains, permitting to manage the growing design complexity.

A Concurrent Aircraft Design and Fleet Assignment Approach to Mitigate Environmental Impact through Fuel Burn Reduction under Operational Uncertainty

A Concurrent Aircraft Design and Fleet Assignment Approach to Mitigate Environmental Impact through Fuel Burn Reduction under Operational Uncertainty

Concurrent Design of Embedded Control Software

Embedded software design for mechatronic systems is becoming an increasingly time-consuming and error-prone task. In order to cope with the heterogeneity and complexity, a systematic model-driven design approach is needed, where several parts of the system can be designed concurrently. There is however a trade-off between concurrency efficiency and integration efficiency. In this paper, we present a case study on the development of the embedded control software for a real-world mechatronic system in order to evaluate how we can integrate concurrent and largely independent designed embedded system software parts in an efficient way. The case study was executed using our embedded control system design methodology which employs a concurrent systematic model-based design approach that ensures a concurrent design process, while it still allows a fast integration phase by using automatic code synthesis. The result was a predictable concurrently designed embedded software realization with a short integration time.

How to build a continental scale fireball camera network

The expansion of the Australian Desert Fireball Network has been enabled by the development of a new digital fireball observatory based around a consumer digital camera. The observatories are more practical and much more cost effective than previous solutions whilst retaining high imaging performance. This was made possible through a flexible concurrent design approach, a careful focus on design for manufacture and assembly, and by considering installation and maintenance early in the design process. A new timing technique for long exposure fireball observatories was also developed to remove the need for a separate timing subsystem and data integration from multiple instruments. A liquid crystal shutter is used to modulate light transmittance during the long exposure which embeds a timecode into the fireball images for determining fireball arrival times and velocities. Using these observatories, the Desert Fireball Network has expanded to cover approximately 2.5 million square kilometres (around one third of Australia). The observatory and network design has been validated via the recovery of the Murrili Meteorite in South Australia through a systematic search at the end of 2015 and the calculation of a pre-atmospheric entry orbit. This article presents an overview of the design, implementation and performance of the new fireball observatories.

A Mechatronics Approach for Design of Multiview Image Acquisition Setup for Scene Reconstruction with Single Camera

Conventional design approach is being actively replaced by concurrent design approach in the context of interdisciplinary systems. The proposed research work intends to develop a single moving camera based stereo vision system for scene reconstruction with the intrinsic advantage of multi-directional fields of view. The conventional stereo vision setup uses two stationary passive cameras to capture images of a scene from different vantage points. The proposed system imparts varying mechanical degrees of freedom motion for both the object and the camera which aids in acquiring sequence of images which covers all the visible regions of the object of interest. This gives better detail of the scene under consideration as compared to the conventional two images based stereopsis. A mechatronics design approach has been presented which carefully integrates various elements of the system such as the mechanisms, actuators, sensors and the electronic controller. The paper clearly pin points the cues for the design of the mechanical system which are obtained from the requirements of the computer vision system. The relative pose between the camera and the scene is governed by three independent degrees of freedom namely rotation angle for the object, tilt and working distance for the camera. The selection of the aforementioned parameters is decided by the specifications such as field of view, size of the object and sensor and spatial resolution. The proposed design predicts the system to enjoy benefits of reduced cost and improved flexibility in general.