Concrete Quality Research Articles

Relationships Between Concrete Tester (CTS02v4) and Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity in Determining Quality of Concrete; a Case Study of Atimbo Bridge in Nigeria

The research examines the relationship between the use of a concrete tester (CTS02v4) and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) based on the strength characteristics of the Atimbo bridge in the cross-river state of Nigeria. The best fit approach for the cts02v4-UPV relationship under various circumstances is developed by carefully analyzing the correlation between these data sets. As a result, the relation between concrete strength and the CTS-UPV formula is developed by this investigation. From the technical investigation, the residual compressive strength of the concrete abutment was found to be between 29.0 N/mm2 and 40.0 N/mm2. This value is still within the range compared to the expected design value of about 40 N/mm2. The cover to the reinforcement of certain capping beams has an outline of reinforcements, which signifies poor concrete cover, and the mean compressive strength is less than 20 N/mm2. The objectives of this paper are to increase the understanding of processes and the applicability of versatile equipment by making comparisons between the experimental results for both the concrete tester (CTS02v4) and the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), which were used to evaluate the structural integrity of the Atimbo Bridge. Comparisons were made between the UPV method and the concrete tester method using statistical analysis.

The service life of reinforced concrete structures in an extremely aggressive coastal city. Influence of concrete quality

The service life of reinforced concrete structures in an extremely aggressive coastal city. Influence of concrete quality

Compressive and Flexural Strength of Concrete with Different Nanomaterials: A Critical Review

With recent technological advances, adding nanomaterials as a reinforcement material in concrete has gained immense attention. This review paper aims to report advances in the form of a one-stop shop catering to methods that focus on improving the quality of traditional concrete. Nanoparticles—the elementary form of nanomaterials—are proven to enhance the strength and longevity of concrete. Nanosilica, nanoalumina, nanometakaolin, carbon nanotubes, and nanotitanium oxide are modern nanomaterials that have demonstrated strong evidence of enhancing concrete quality, which supports infrastructure building and long-term monitoring. Nanoconcrete—an exciting prospect extending the boundaries of traditional civil engineering—exhibited increased compressive and flexural strength using elementary compounds. In particular, the rigorous research survey of many articles reveals an increase in compressive strength from 20% to 63% by replacing the cement with different nanomaterials in different percentages and flexural strength from 16% to 47%.

EVALUASI RANCANGAN MUTU BETON PADA PEMBANGUNAN GEDUNG DI KALIMANTAN BARAT

Concrete is a significant substance that is frequently employed in infrastructure construction. When manufacturing concrete, a concrete mix, or Design Mix Formula (DMF), must be created to specify the proportions of the materials to achieve the desired concrete quality. Concrete quality is classified based on the compressive strength of the concrete, which value has a significant impact on the DMF produced. One of the factors that can affect the quality of concrete is the fact that the dosage used in making concrete in the field is not in accordance with the existing DMF. This means the quality of the concrete in the field is not in accordance with what was planned, namely the quality of K-300 concretes. This study's objectives are to assess the current DMF and examine the variables influencing concrete quality in the field. To conduct the research, the Pontianak State Polytechnic's Civil Engineering Concrete Laboratory tested aggregates, created DMF, created cube specimens, and tested cube concrete compression tests. As a result, it can be said that one DMF can be used for all these structures because the laboratory results demonstrate that the DMF utilized in the field is consistent with the intended concrete quality, namely K-300 concrete quality. At the age of 28 days, concrete with a slump value of 9 cm had an average compressive strength of 339.882 kg/cm2, or 28.21 MPa. According to the findings of these investigations, the field-related factors cause the quality of the concrete to differ from the planned concrete's quality. Keywords: Concrete, DMF, Quality of Concrete, Testing, Compressive Strength.

Analysis of the compressive strength of concrete from brick wall waste as a concrete mixture

<p>Every building renovation or building reconstruction often occurs demolition of the wall. The demolition of this wall becomes construction waste therefore it is necessary to experiment with using wall waste to become a productive material. This research is an experiment in making concrete using wall waste. The wall waste used is in the form of rubble from the ruins of a red brick wall. The compression test method refers to the 1974:2011 SNI regulations on concrete. In this test, the focus is on the maximum compressive strength of concrete that can be produced in the sample. Each sample of the test object is divided into three groups, each group has three test objects. The first group is a sample of pure concrete, fine aggregate 100% concrete sand. The second group is a fine aggregate experimental concrete sample containing 25% wall waste, and the third group contains 50% wall waste. The test object is in the form of a concrete cylinder with a diameter of 150 mm and a height of 300 mm. Concrete testing is carried out at the age of 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days. The results of this study provide information that red brick wall waste can be recycled into concrete material so that it does not become construction waste. It is known that the compressive strength of concrete using additional wall waste as fine aggregate meets the requirements of structural concrete quality and can improve the quality of concrete. Furthermore, it is hoped that the wall waste can be reused as an added material to the concrete mixture in building construction activities or other construction using concrete.</p>

Development of the structure of the Jamie Nurul Iman Sukaraja Mosque building based on the needs of congregation facilities

<div class="WordSection1"><p>Jamie Nurul Iman Mosque has an area of 208.39 m2, the mosque building currently has limited facilities, such as parking facilities for worshipers who still use the shoulder of the road and ablution facilities and special toilets for men and women must be separated, efforts to complete the facilities for the congregation then it is necessary to develop the building, due to the limited land owned, the development is carried out vertically into three floors. The research was conducted by testing the concrete quality (f'c) of existing columns, beams and slabs, the concrete quality values were obtained sequentially of 13.6 MPa, 11 MPa and 11.2 MPa, then modeled the existing structure using the ETABS application and the results showed that column structure, beams experiencing over strength (O/S) cannot withstand the loads acting on the building, so the existing building structure cannot be used for the development of a new three-story mosque building. The results of the structural analysis of the plan based on SNI obtained the dimensions of the new mosque building with a size of 11.25 meters x 18.8 meters, reinforced concrete structures, non-concrete roofs and enamel domes. The material specifications for the new mosque structure are concrete quality (f'c) 30 MPa, reinforcing steel quality (fy) 400 MPa and 280 MPa (BJTP). Column dimensions are 50x50 cm (first floor), column 40x40 cm (second and third floors), main beam dimensions are 30x60 cm, main beam is 30x50 cm, and child beams are 25x40 cm, floor slab thickness is 15 cm, roof slab is not 13 cm thick. The first floor is equipped with male ablution facilities with an area of 12.51 m2, female ablution facilities with an area of 9.7 m2, toilet facilities with an area of 2.84 m2, and vehicle parking facilities with an area of 99.93 m2. The second floor is equipped with men's prayer facilities with an area of 102.87 m2, book storage facilities with an area of 10.5 m2, logistics facilities with an area of 5.67 m2. The third floor is equipped with women's prayer facilities with an area of 72.9 m2. The budget plan for the construction of a three-story new mosque concrete structure is Rp. 717,990,500.00.</p></div>

Performance of High-Strength Concrete Properties for Two Locally Available Aggregates: Partial Gradation Approaches

The aggregates in a concrete play a role in both strength and durability. Without a change of doubt, aggregates have a significant impact on mechanical, fresh and long-term performance properties of concrete. Low quality aggregates will give low behaviours that affect the condition of the concrete. In this investigation, improvement of local’s aggregate - natural mount sand and uncrushed mount gravel taken from Lumajang, Pasuran and Bangkalan, used as the parameter study. This study is conducted to support the low characteristics aggregate in terms of water absorption, sorptivity and compressive strength concrete. Three mixes variables are used based on w/c content, 0.40, 0.35 and 0.30 reflected the concrete quality. On the other hand, concrete mixes with locally grading group are 80 % aggregate from Bangkalan and 20 % aggregate from Lumajang or Pasuruan + Bangkalan (M4 and M5). The results indicated that the M4 and M5 grading group concrete mix had the maximum compressive strength out of the eight different concrete mixes. This particular mixture also improves the water absorption and sorptivity of the concrete. HIGHLIGHTSTen concrete mixes with three concrete types were prepared using mount sand uncrushed mount gravel, with respect to understanding mechanical and physical properties comparing to 28-day compressive strength results. Those three mixes, M1, M2 and M3, provided to give the alternative of using unused coarse aggregate with low characteristic under three different w/c ratio i.e., 0.40, 0.35 and 0.30. Those conditions relate to the concrete quality - minimum compressive strength that normally used in the construction. Low characteristic aggregate, without a doubt impacting on long term performance properties of concrete structure. Locally available materials taken from Lumajang, Pasuruan and Bangkalan were used as the combined grading group of fine and coarse aggregate in each mixture. It was found that the optimum combine grading group was fine aggregate from Bangkalan + coarse aggregate from Lumajang or Pasuruan + Bangkalan (M4 and M5). Using M4 and M5 grading group, results indicated that, the highest compressive strength among the eight concrete mixes. In addition, these concrete mixes also illustrate to have low sportively and water absorption. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

The Combined Impact of Imposed Loads and Elevated Temperature on Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Samples

Reinforced concrete buildings and structures are exposed to fire, and the concrete's qualities can vary in the case of an uncontrolled fire. It is essential to know how concrete's properties may change as a result of exposure to high temperatures and loading for normal concrete with or without fiber reinforcement. Understanding the strength characteristics of concrete structures exposed to high temperatures is important in order to be able to predict how these structures will perform after exposure to this condition. This study investigates the combined impact of loading and high temperature on the properties of concrete samples by testing the compressive, flexural strength, and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) of normal-strength concrete (NSC) with or without steel fiber. The type of steel fiber employed in this investigation is hooked-end steel fiber with a 1% volume fraction of concrete. The concrete samples were subjected to four sustained load cases (0, 20, 40, and 60% of ultimate load) and exposed to elevated temperatures (25, 300, and 500°C) for about 2 hours. In addition, using an unrestrictive test before and after loading and heating, the results indicated the maximum deference of compressive strength decreasing is 4% for the steel fiber (SF1) mixture compared with NSC mixture at 300°C for all load cases. While at 60% sustained load and 500°C, the maximum deference of compressive strength decreasing is 12% for the NSC mixture as compared with the SF1 mixture. The maximum difference in flexural strength is 20% for mixtures with steel fiber (SF1) compared to NSC mixtures at 500°C for all load cases. In addition, the UPV test was used to investigate the microstructure and quality of concrete. This test indicated no difference or approximately equal values for SF1 and NSC mixtures at 25 and 300°C for all load cases, while at 500°C, the UPV test for NSC had a higher value than the UPV value of the SF1 mixture.

AI-Enhanced Defect Identification in Construction Quality Prediction: Hybrid Model of Unsupervised and Supervised Machine Learning

In the initial phase of this study, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to meticulously select noncollinear critical defects associated with construction quality from a comprehensive dataset comprising inspections conducted on 1,015 construction projects. The identified critical components were subsequently categorized into three distinct aspects: Inspection Records and Occupational Safety and Health (Aspect A), Concrete Quality (Aspect B), and Construction Team Quality Management (Aspect C). Subsequently, in the second stage of the study, a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) network was meticulously trained, utilizing the 23 input variables corresponding to critical defects that had been identified through the PCA process. The training regimen persisted until convergence was achieved, resulting in a well-trained model capable of transforming input data into a probability value indicative of a project's quality level. The MLP model exhibited a remarkable performance, achieving an impressive accuracy rate of 91.3%. These robust evaluation metrics affirm the model's exceptional proficiency in predicting construction quality. The hybrid machine learning approach proposed in this study has proven to be highly effective in extracting valuable insights from inspection data and identifying defects intricately linked to construction quality. This model, with its capacity to accurately forecast construction quality, holds substantial potential for practical application in the construction industry.

Compressive Strength Characteristic of Concrete Using Mountain Sand

The used of fine aggregate as concrete mixture in building construction is certainly inseparable from the availability of materials. One area that has abundant reserved of fine aggregate was in Lembang Marinding, Tana Toraja Regency, South Sulawesi Province which can be used as fine aggregate in concrete mixture. This research was conducted to determine the compressive strength of concrete from Lembang Marinding sand which was classified as mountain sand as concrete mixture. This research method was carried out experimentally in the laboratory, which was this study aims to obtain the physical properties of the material and which will be used in concrete mixture with a concrete quality plan of f’c 25 MPa. To obtained the results, a series of tests were carried out on 15 cm × 30 cm concrete cylindrical specimens based on Indonesia requirements, SNI 03-2847-2019 standard, to produce compressive strength of concrete. The results showed that the use of natural sand (mountain sand) from Lembang Marinding can be used as fine aggregate in the concrete mixture. The average compressive strength of the concrete produced at the age of 28 days was 26.83 MPa. The compressive strength results obtained have met the planned concrete quality in this research.

Compressive Strength and Porosity of POFA Blended Concrete Admixed with Micro Silica

Blended Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) concrete as an alternative sustainable material depends on the quality of POFA. Microsilica can improve the quality of blended POFA concrete; however, the optimum quantity must be determined. This study investigates the effect of micro silica content, POFA content, and concrete age of the blended POFA concrete admixed with silica fume. Portland Composite Cement concrete was the control mix with a target strength of 20 MPa. The blended POFA concrete contains 0%, 20%, and 40% POFA as cement replacement material using various microsilica contents (0, 5, 10, and 15%). Three series with twelve mixtures were cast and cured for 28 days in water. Compressive strength and porosity at 3, 7 and 28 days were measured. The results show that compressive strength and porosity of blended POFA concrete admixed with microsilica were influenced by concrete age, micro silica content, and POFA content. The highest strength shown by concrete without POFA that using microsilica of 10%. In contrast, the lowest strength was concrete with 40% POFA and without microsilica. Porosity is also reduced by using 10% micro silica in the mixes. Adding microsilica affects the strength and porosity of the resulting blended POFA concrete.

Compressive and flexural behavior of glass fiber-reinforced concrete

Utilizing fibre-reinforced concrete is still a difficulty for present engineers. Generally, it is acknowledged that the mechanical, cracking and fracture qualities of fibre-reinforced concrete are much better than those of conventional concrete. The addition of fibres to the concrete matrix mitigates its fragility. Typically, short fibres are utilised in concrete to prevent cracks caused by drying and autogenous shrinkage. Currently, there is a substantial increase in the use of short alkali-resistant glass fibres. This experiment was conducted to examine the influence of glass fibre reinforcement on the compressive and flexural behaviour of concrete. This research investigates the characteristics of glass fibres reinforced concrete (GFRC) after 7 and 28 days of curing, such that GFRC may be employed in construction. Concrete containing short alkali-resistant glass fibres of 36 mm in length and 1% volume fraction (VF) was developed for this purpose. The testing findings revealed that the average compressive strength of GFRC after 28 days of curing was 72.06 MPa. The flexural properties of GFRC are determined, and the 7-day and 28-day average bending strengths of GFRC concrete samples are 6.46 MPa and 7.94 MPa, respectively, indicating that GFRC responds well under loading conditions.

Comparing the European Standards and the American Standards for Testing Concrete Mechanical Properties

Europe and the United States have a worldwide significance in the field of concrete control and construction, as well as the cleared and specified standards, according to many countries adopted their standards and regulations in the field of concrete quality control and assurance as proof of the Europe and US strong standards and due to lack of their regulations. This research compares the European standards, the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and American Concrete Institute (ACI) standards for testing the mechanical properties of concrete. The research focuses on compressive strength, flexural tensile strength, shear strength, and modulus of elasticity as key properties for assessing the quality and performance of concrete. The study found variations in the specimen size, preparation, and curing requirements, as well as testing procedures and acceptance criteria among the European, ASTM and ACI standards. The research also compared the specimen preparation and curing standards among the different standards. The research highlights the importance of following the appropriate standards and testing procedures to ensure the test results’ reliability and accuracy. Proper specimen preparation and curing are also critical to obtain accurate and representative test results. The research concludes that by following the relevant standards and procedures, it is possible to obtain consistent and reliable results that can be used to assess the quality and performance of concrete in various construction applications. This research provides a useful guide for engineers, contractors and researchers involved in the construction industry to understand and apply the standards for testing the mechanical properties of concrete.

Analysis and comparison of improved concrete with the addition of different types of materials

The present analysis was developed by creating a detailed analysis of each article selected for the corroboration of the information and the subsequent comparison between them in order to encourage research of alternative methods of concrete production that will allow the reduction of pollution and will improve the quality and efficiency of concrete. The materials used were nanosilica, pozzolana, and recycled crushed brick that were subjected to laboratory studies with the goal of knowing their properties and of developing mix designs with different content percentages to have a broad study population and achieve representative results. These mix designs were used to create specimens that were tested in different periods to analyze their behavior in various situations. After testing, it was possible to determined that the addition of these materials are effective, in creating concrete of greater strength in the case with the addition of nanosilica, in the case of pozzolana, greater strength can be obtained at a reduced cost due to it being a natural material with various deposits where the material can be obtained in this country and throughout the world, and in the case of the addition of crushed brick, concrete with a similar strength to a conventional type can be obtained at a reduced cost of fabrication due to being a recycled

Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of M40-Grade Concrete with PCB Fiber from Recycled Electronic Waste

Printed circuit board (PCB) fiber in concrete is a novel and radical concept in durable concrete because it helps to reduce environmental pollution and resolve waste management issues. Concrete made from e-waste fiber is a substitute for conventional concrete because it improves the properties of traditional concrete and decreases the quantity of electronic waste dumped into nature. This paper investigates the effect of using a PCB after extracting nonmetallic parts. The remaining parts were made into fiber and added to the concrete at 1%, 2%, and 3% of the cement’s weight. The e-waste PCB fiber of aspect ratios 10 and 20 was added to M40-grade concrete with a w/c ratio of 0.45. The fresh and hardened properties of the PCB fiber concrete were investigated and compared with those of conventional concrete after 7, 14, and 28 days of curing. The experimental results revealed that electronic waste fiber concrete showed increased strength compared with control concrete. Ultrasonic pulse velocity and rebound hammer tests were also performed to evaluate the quality of e-waste PCB fiber concrete. The rebound hammer test results were compared with those of the compressive strength of e-waste fiber concrete, and both results were found to be in close agreement. This study also found that recycling hazardous electronic waste generated in the construction industry would help manage waste better and prevent environmental problems caused by electronic waste.

Research on permeable concrete road construction technology and quality inspection

Research on permeable concrete road construction technology and quality inspection

Structural behaviour of triple blended high-performance concrete

After water, concrete was the material for construction that is used on the largest scale on the planet, and as an outcome of technological development, concrete's qualities have evolved over time. A study was carried out to investigate the potential use of mineral admixture as a partial replacement in high performance concrete. Since they can significantly improve concrete strength and durability properties when compared to regular Portland cement supplemental cementations materials (SCM) like Alccofine (AF) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) have all been used as cement replacements on a large scale over the past three decades. As a result, HPC can be produced using lower water to powder ratios by including other cementitious materials as admixtures. In this project phase, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and Alccofine (AF) have been employed in varied weight ratios to substitute cement to produce high strength M40 grade concrete for 7, 14, and 28 days of compressive strength (CS) as well as split tensile strength (STS) the percentages of replacement of AF of 5%, 7.5% & 10% also GGBFS percentages are 10%, 12.5 % and 15% respectively used in this project work.

Discussion on the construction quality control points of bridge concrete

Bridge engineering is China’s infrastructure construction engineering, related to the national economic development, is an important link to maintain contact. Concrete construction is an important construction link in bridge engineering. The quality of concrete construction affects the overall construction level of bridge engineering. In order to ensure the construction quality of bridge engineering, the quality control of concrete construction should be strengthened. This paper analyzes the main problems of bridge concrete construction quality control and discusses the key points of bridge concrete construction.

Investigation on Alccofine’s Impact on The Strength and Durability Characteristics of Concrete

Supplemental cementitious material made from rice husk combustion is Alccofine. The influence on the strength and durability qualities is experimented in this research. Six different concrete mixes with differing concentrations of Alccofine and cement were prepared for the investigation. The concrete’s durability was further evaluated by absorption and quick permeability testing. The influence of Alccofine, a supplemental cementitious material, on the strength and durability qualities of concrete is investigated in this research. A series of laboratory studies were conducted in which varying quantities of Alccofine were added into the concrete mix. According to the results of the study, using Alccofine as substitute may greatly better the strength. The addition of Alccofine enhanced the compressive strength, with the greatest strength reached at a replacement level of 15%. Furthermore, it reduced the porosity, resulting in increased durability features such as resistance to water and chloride ion penetration. The research also discovered that adding Alccofine resulted in denser microstructure, which contributed to its increased mechanical qualities and durability. Finally, the study results indicate that using a supplemental material has the potential to increase its strength and durability.

Data mining and forecasting of pavement strength depending on the composition of asphalt concrete mix

The article substantiates the need for widespread introduction of computer technology and information systems in the mix production process at ACF and their quality control, which is determined by the presence of a significant number of control objects, a large array of monitored indicators, high labor and material costs of testing, low efficiency and quality of processing complex multidimensional data. It is proposed to use Data Mining methods for intelligent data analysis and prediction of pavement durability depending on the composition of asphalt mix which enable to solve the tasks of classification, regression, clustering and forecasting using artificial intelligence methods. The algorithm of intellectual data analysis and prediction of durability of the mix depending on its composition is offered and the actions at each its stage, using additional methods of data analysis, are described. The example of real raw data processing obtained from the quality control laboratory of one of the asphalt plants using Data Mining tools of STATISTICA package according to the developed algorithm is given. The prospects of using modern data processing technologies in the field of asphalt concrete quality control are evaluated. It is shown that to assess the quality of the mix and pavement durability, it is necessary to move to complex quality indicators, taking into account pavement operating conditions.