Conceptual Skills Research Articles

Instructor Leadership in Online Learning: Predictive Relationships Between Servant Leadership and the Community of Inquiry Framework

Instructor leadership is widely recognized as essential for facilitating meaningful online learning in higher education. While previous studies have applied organizational leadership theories to the study of instructor leadership, fewer studies have investigated online instructor leadership. This predictive correlational study detailed the associations between the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework and servant leadership (SL) theory and employed multiple regression analyses to investigate the predictive relationships of seven SL dimensions on the three CoI presences. Survey data were gathered from 148 graduate students enrolled in online courses in education, communication, and engineering master’s degree programs using the CoI Survey (Arbaugh et al., 2008) and the SL-28 (Liden at al., 2008). The findings revealed a positive and highly significant correlation between the instruments. The predictive model as a whole explained 66% of the variance in students’ perceptions of a CoI. Three SL predictor variables demonstrated the most influence: helping subordinates grow and succeed, conceptual skills, and creating value for the community. Additional analyses at the CoI subscale level revealed that the SL variables accounted for 73% of the variance in teaching presence, 55% of the variance in cognitive presence, and 31% of the variance in social presence. Implications and limitations are discussed and recommendations are proposed to implement online instructor SL.

Managerial Influence Of School Principals On Teacher Competency In MAN 1 Kediri City

The aim of this research is to determine the managerial influence of school principals on teacher performance in MAN 1 Kediri City. The approach in this research is quantitative. The type of research used in this research is associative research. The population is the total number of MAN 1 Kediri City teachers, namely 83 teachers who are also the research sample. The data collection techniques are questionnaires and documentation. Data analysis used multiple linear regression. The results of the research are that there is a significant influence of conceptual skills on teacher competency in MAN 1 Kediri City, there is a significant influence of technical skills on teacher competency in MAN 1 Kediri City, there is a significant influence of Social Skills on competency teachers at MAN 1 Kediri City, there is a significant influence jointly between conceptual skills, technical skills and social skills on the competence of teachers at MAN 1 Kediri City.

Solving Mathematics Problems Based on Visual Information Processing

Solving mathematical problems involves a complex process and requires the ability to comprehend and manipulate visual information. When an individual encounters a problem, the ability to represent data, plan solution steps, and visualize relationships between variables is crucial. This research aims to explore in-depth how visual information is processed during mathematical problem-solving. The findings indicate that Subject S1, with high visual ability, adeptly represents the problem, articulates known and unknown elements, and exhibits a strong conceptual understanding. Students with robust visual conceptualization skills can plan and solve problems using elimination and substitution methods. By verifying results using different methods reflects a solid conceptual understanding. On the other hand, Subject S2, with low visual ability, struggles to represent the problem and tends to focus directly on the solution. This suggests a lack of conceptual understanding, limitations in visual representation, and deficiencies in verification skills. Finally, the visual representation only used visual representation with mathematical modeling. Further research should investigate similar studies involving other types of representations, such as diagrams and graphs. In conclusion, teachers need to enhance students’ conceptual understanding, metacognitive awareness, and practice verification skills to develop their mathematical problem-solving abilities

A Phenomenological Exploration on Three Skill Area for Employment: Industry Practitioners’ Insights

Career readiness among graduates has become an intense focus for higher learning institutions. With the increasing reliance on technology, digital literacy cannot be the only skill that matters in the workplace. Employers and industry leaders became more vocal in highlighting the inability of graduates to confront the skill mismatch and imbalance between the university and fundamental work skills. Along with declining labour markets and the devaluation of degree qualifications as among the impacts of the COVID-19 slump and digitalization, universities are pressured to enhance their graduates’ employability. The study aims to explore the debatable work skills through the lived experiences of industry practitioners. The exploration provides a possible framework for work-demand-driven education. A descriptive phenomenological research design was employed to gain an in-depth understanding of the practical skills at work as demanded by the practitioners. A two-tiered method of interviews was employed to establish the context, relay specific details of the participants’ experiences, and contemplate the meaning of their experiences. Results show that a mainstream discourse describes human skills (communication), technical skills, and conceptual skills that help employees thrive in their careers in the brittle, anxious, nonlinear, and incomprehensible (BANI-world) new age of work. Finally, a suggested framework to promote future work skills-related learning is provided for higher staff and learners of higher education.

Principal’s Managerial Conceptual Skills and Teachers Job Performance in Secondary Schools in Nigeria

This paper is a review study that examines the impact of principals’ managerial conceptual skills on teacher’s job performance in secondary schools in Nigeria and beyond. Secondary data were used in the paper. The data were sourced from print and online publications. The result collected revealed that 83% agreed principal’s managerial conceptual skills have an impact on teachers’ job performance in secondary schools. Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations were made that the government should design training programmes for school principals on how to apply the appropriate managerial styles and skills in every situation that arises in school administration. Principals should supervise, guide and help teachers to improve their professional skills by supporting the teachers and providing necessary resources for them to work.

Assessing the Relationship between Competencies and Personal Qualities towards Organizational Performance

This study examines the relationship between librarian’s competencies and personal qualities towards the organization's performance. There are three competencies’ dimensions described in this study, namely the technical skills, human skills, and conceptual skills. Conversely, the ten personal qualities dimension of librarians are achiever, able to take control, self-awareness, innovate, risk taker, open-minded, responsible, social, courteous, and ambitious. A questionnaire was used as the main instrument in gathering data, and a total of 634 respondents were involved in this survey. A survey instrument with a seven-point interval scale was built around nine competencies and ten personal qualities variables.

A Conceptual Examining of the Interplay Between Technical and Conceptual Skills of Social Media Managers as Predictors of Job Performance: The Moderating Influence on Brand Equity

This study explores the impact of social media managers'(SMM) technical and conceptual skills on job performance, with brand equity as a moderating factor. As social media usage grows, firms integrate it into marketing plans, necessitating research on its influence on job performance. Expected positive outcomes include marketing performance, cost effectiveness, operational excellence, and customer satisfaction. The research aims to enhance theoretical understanding of social media managers' roles and guide organizations in leveraging their contributions to boost employee job performance. Empirical testing will further illuminate the link between technical and conceptual skills, job performance, brand equity, and social exchange theory.

Peningkatan Keterampilan Praktik Pertanian yang Baik Petani Sawit Swadaya di Kabupaten Sambas

Good oil palm cultivation contributes to the progress of the national economy by earning foreign exchange and income, creating jobs, and increasing welfare. However, independent palm oil farming has low productivity and quality due to limited knowledge and skills of GAP (Good Agriculture Practices). The research aims to formulate improvements in GAP skills, including technical skills, human skills, and conceptual skills, using skills theory and the concept of sustainability. The research method was descriptive-quantitative with Multidimensional Scaling using the Rap-Palm Oil program on 100 respondents in Sambas Regency, one of the centers of independent oil palm smallholders in West Kalimantan. The results showed that conceptual skills through extension activities are prioritized in improving GAP skills. Therefore, counseling methods through demonstration plots, comparative studies, and field schools can be an effort to improve GAP skills for sustainable management of oil palm farming.
 
 Keywords: good agriculture practices, multidimensional scaling, palm oil, skills

THE CONCEPTUAL SKILLS STRENGTH OF THE HEAD OF MADRASA LEADERSHIP IN MANAGING EDUCATION UNITS

The success of implementing educational programs will be easier when supported by the conceptual skills of the principal who is reliable in managing educational units. The purpose of the study was to analyze and describe the conceptual skills in managing quality education units at MAS Alue Tampak West Aceh, Indonesia. This article uses a descriptive qualitative analysis approach. Research subjects were determined by purposive sampling. Methods of collecting data were carried out through observation, interviews, and study of the work program. Data processing techniques were conducted by means of data verification, data presentation, data reduction and drawing conclusions. The findings are analyzed by reflecting, interpreting, looking for implications and action plans on the research results. The results of the study indicate that the principal conceptual skills need to be optimized. The conceptual skills are still categorized as weak in several activities, namely; first, in formulating and establishing strategic education plans, educational operational plans and educational administration standards. Second, in coordinating and integrating educational programs and activities, Third, in innovating towards improving and escalating as well as monitoring and evaluating the quality of education units management. Meanwhile, in terms of building a harmonious and solid teamwork, it is categorized as good.

Design and Development of a Maturity Model for Performance Evaluation of Managers with a Modern Technology Approach in Bank Melli Iran (Fuzzy Delphi Method)

Objective: Industry 4.0 or the digital revolution is changing the way we live, altering the interaction between customers and banks, inevitably implying that both existing business techniques and financial management are not exempt from this change. The main objective of this research is to design and develop a maturity model for the performance evaluation of managers in Bank Melli Iran with a modern technology approach. Methodology: This research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose, exploratory in nature, and descriptive-survey with a mixed exploratory approach in terms of data collection method. The qualitative approach is based on the fuzzy Delphi method. In the qualitative section of the research, a purposeful sample of 15 participants was selected, including academic experts and some senior managers of Bank Melli. Findings: The statistical population in the quantitative section includes 180 experts and employees of Bank Melli, with a sample size of 120 estimated using random sampling. Data in the qualitative section were collected through semi-structured interviews guided by general directions and then analyzed using the fuzzy Delphi method to develop the conceptual model of the research. In the model testing phase, the research hypotheses were developed and tested using factor analysis and path analysis models with SPSS and PLS software. Conclusion: The research results indicated that the model consists of four main factors: management tasks, conceptual skills, technical skills, and human skills, described by 22 indicators and 104 sub-indicators.

Pengaruh Program Ma'arif Mart terhadap Edupreneur Peserta Didik di MTs Darul Ulum Waru Sidoarjo

The modern canteen located at the school or commonly called ma'arif mart which is under the auspices of LP Ma'arif NU, is a modern shop or canteen that serves the basic needs of school residents directly. The existence of businesses in the field of education such as ma'arif mart can provide learning to students for entrepreneurship. Edupreneur is a structured and formal process of transmitting entrepreneurial competencies that refers to the provision of conceptual skills and individual mental awareness. The purpose of this research is to: (1) Explain the Ma'arif Mart Program at MTs Darul Ulum Waru Sidoarjo. (2) Explaining Student Edupreneurs at MTs Darul Ulum Waru Sidoarjo. (3) Explaining the Effect of the Ma'arif Mart Program on Student Edupreneurs at MTs Darul Ulum Waru Sidoarjo. This research is a type of descriptive quantitative research. The subjects of this study were all students of MTs Darul Ulum Waru Sidoarjo whose population totaled 857 students and the sample used a stratified technique which totaled 85 students. The instrument used for data collection is the questionnaire instrument. The results of the study show that, (1) That the Ma'arif Mart Program at MTs Darul Ulum Waru Sidoarjo is categorized as "Good Enough". This is based on percentage calculations with a value of 70.03%, according to the standard percentage at intervals of 56% to 75%. (2) Edupreneur students at MTs Darul Ulum Waru Sidoarjo have developed which are categorized as "Good". With the results of the percentage analysis of 76.62% which is in the interval between 56% to 75%. (3) The results of data analysis rxy = 0.521 show that "There is an Influence of the Ma'arif Mart Program on Student Edupreneurs at MTs Darul Ulum Waru Sidoarjo". This is evidenced by the analysis carried out using the "r" product moment table, the rxy price is 0.521 and the rxy value from the interpretation table is between 0.40 and 0.599 in a fairly strong category.

Structural Equation Model Evaluating Katz's Triplet Managerial Skills and Its Relationship to Human Capital

This study examines the structural equation model that assessed the relationship of technical skills, conceptual skills, interpersonal skills, and human capital in the food processing industry. The research utilized a model fit, construct reliability, and validity structural equation modeling technique following the reviewed literature. The 204 samples were selected from food processing entrepreneurs in Metro Manila, Philippines. Questionnaires with rating scales were used as research tools, and a random sample procedure was used. A confirmatory factor analysis was used for analyzing model fit, reliability, and validity. A structural model and path analysis were used to examine the link. According to the findings, the model perfectly fits the factual data and indicates an admissible level of validity and reliability. The results positively correlated with Technical Skills, Conceptual Skills, and Interpersonal Skills. Moreover, Human Capital acted as an additional variable to test its relationship with Katz's triplet Managerial Skills, and the findings indicate that Technical Skills, Conceptual Skills, Interpersonal Skills, and Human Capital are correlated. Based on these results, there is a need to augment the technical expertise and conceptual skills pertaining to food processing and offer training that focuses on cultivating interpersonal skills, particularly proficient communication. To improve human capital, it is important to adopt strategies that enhance employee performance. These encompass enhancing proficiency in marketing, financial management, production management, and opportunities for advancement. Future studies should employ qualitative or mixed methods to thoroughly explore the study.

An Empirical Investigation on Healthcare Professionals' Work Ethic and Ethical Attitudes: The Impact of Leadership Qualities on Ethics Construct and Professional Behaviors

The ability to act ethically is essential for providing high-quality treatment, yet there is a dearth of qualitative research on healthcare practitioners' perceptions of ethical competence. In this study, the ethical competence of healthcare practitioners was examined in the context of student healthcare. The way healthcare is delivered is changing, calling for adjustments to descriptions of and frameworks for ethical leadership. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships between various leadership styles and healthcare professionals' conceptions of and attitudes toward work ethics. Participants in a cross-sectional study that employed the snowball sampling technique were healthcare professionals. The survey used in this study was divided into two sections: the first section collected data on the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants, and the second section contained three validated assessment scales, including inquiries about work ethics, ethical attitudes for public health professionals, and leadership abilities. Higher work ethics and a higher intrinsic work motivation subscale were significantly correlated with high leadership administrative skills (Beta = 6.04, p = 0.019 and Beta = 2.55, p 0.001, respectively). However, a lower intrinsic work motivation subscale was associated with higher leadership conceptual skills (Beta = 1.07, p = 0.027). Stronger leadership and administrative skills were found to be significantly correlated with higher ethical attitudes scores (Beta = 28.39, p 0.001). The work ethic in the delivery of various public health services is significantly improved by higher administrative leadership. Leadership abilities can considerably predict an individual's ethical attitude and professional behavior and are not restricted to a particular profession, experience, or stage of a person's career in the healthcare industry

Self-perceived leadership and entrepreneurship skills: profiling healthcare professionals

Abstract Background Healthcare is a complex system with overarching challenges that arise from the different hierarchically organized structures and the diversity of people interacting and communicating in the same environment. This complexity can be addressed by strengthening healthcare professional leadership and entrepreneurship competencies. This study aims to evaluate the self-perception of healthcare professionals regarding these skills and their association with demographic characteristics and university attributes. Method A cross-sectional survey conducted online from July to December 2021 recruited 245 Lebanese health professionals from different health-related institutions (hospitals, pharmaceutical industry, health professions universities, and others) using snowball sampling. A cluster analysis was performed based on the socio-demographic and work characteristics of the participants to classify their profiles. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed after ensuring the adequacy of the models. Significance was set at a P value < 0.05. Results Cluster analysis showed two distinct profiles, reflected by Cluster 1 for older individuals with moderate/high management versus Cluster 2 for younger people with low management profiles. The logistic regression showed that Cluster 1 was significantly associated with higher leadership with administrative, interpersonal, and conceptual skills. The interpersonal skills represented best Cluster 1 (ORa = 7.47), followed by the conceptual skills (ORa = 4.40). Linear regression analysis showed that Cluster 1 was significantly associated with higher decision-making (β = 0.69) and higher tolerance of ambiguity (β = 1.01). No association was found between other subscales, total entrepreneurship scales, and belonging to any cluster (P > 0.05). Conclusion Although most healthcare professionals showed moderate to high perceptions related to their leadership and entrepreneurship, younger ones were aware of the need to develop these skills to meet the challenges of the complex dynamic health system. Educating students and training professionals to acquire these skills would create value in emerging health services while fostering innovation, creativity, and quality improvement in the workplace.

A framework to define and quantify leadership styles within Navy engineering units

The purpose of this study was to develop a framework for the U.S. Navy's leadership styles by assessing self-perceived leadership styles in a sample of reserve Engineering Duty Officers (EDOs) and the Senior Enlisted Leaders (SELs) in these technical units. Transformational and transactional leadership styles were examined using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) Form (Avolio & Bass, 2004), while the servant leadership style was examined using the Servant Leadership Self-Assessment Questionnaire (SLSQ) (Sandling, 2021). The effect of rank and the triad leadership position had on leadership style was explored in this study. The survey was made available to all EDOs and SELs (n = 525). A total of 84 surveys were completed (a 16% return rate). Results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in servant leadership between SELs and junior officers. When broken down into the factors of servant leadership this difference was seen in the conceptual skills and putting followers first factors. No statistical differences were seen across leadership triad positions, or between any other ranks for any other leadership style. The findings are discussed for their implications for leadership development in the U.S. Navy.

A systematic review on the Roles and Responsibilities of Sport Manager’s Professional Competency

Management is one of the most important human activities and has a critical impact on the life, growth, development, or destruction of organizations. The skills necessary for management vary at different levels, and their distinction necessitates the identification of roles and responsibilities that managers use to play. Even skills vary according to the level of management. This systematic review aims to synthesize the roles, responsibilities, and skills of sport managers. This is an attempt to use PRISMA meta-synthesis. By using keywords like "sport managers," "managers' role and responsibility," "manager competency," and "manager efficacy," 96 articles were duplicated from Elsevier, PERMED, and Google Scholar databases. Six articles that fit the inclusion criteria were incorporated into this paper. A holistic perspective on competency-based measurement drawn from organizational theory and role theory was used as a discussion point. Although the sports industry has distinct characteristics, the roles of sports managers are to create and organize schedules, promote clients through various forms of media, endorsement deals, negotiate contracts, maintain positive public relations, ensure compliance with rules and policies, etc. To perform these tasks requires human, technical, and conceptual skills to plan, organize, lead, and control the activities. Finally, the reviewers recommended that the managers acquire and know the management skills necessary for the success of their club.

Do entrepreneurial characteristics have an impact on business performance? A case in micro, small and medium enterprises of palm sugar in West Nusa Tenggara

This study researches aims to analyse the effect of entreperenurial characteristics towards the business performance of palm sugar MSMEs in the West Lombok Regency. In this research, entrepreneurial characteristics consist of individual and psychological characteristics; whereas entrepreneurial competencies consist of managerial skill, conceptual skill, social skill, decision making skill and time managerial skill; finally, business performance indicators consist of profit and sales volume. This research used Warp-PLS 8.0 software with a structural equations model. A questionnaire was given to 100 respondents who have palm sugar MSMEs. The result showed that both individual and psychological entrepreneurial characteristics positively influenced business performace. These findings are importance for government to know the increase the performance of palm sugar MSMEs in West Nusa Tenggara.

Features of the organization of 3D experiments in physics

This article examines the study of the features of the easy organization of virtual experiments in the section «Optics». This research is aimed at improving the conceptual skills of a future specialist in the field of optics with the help of a virtual laboratory. This research and development consisted of three stages, namely preliminary research, design of a virtual laboratory and testing of a virtual laboratory. Due to the training conditions, it is very difficult to perform virtual laboratory work. Combining query-based learning with virtual laboratory activities can be an alternative to developing a simpler, but meaningful learning process within the framework of training. This study is aimed at analyzing virtual laboratory activities through training based on the request for scientific literacy on the topics of light phenomena and optics. The study used mixed methods with a consistent design in the form of a non-equivalent design of the control group. Samples were taken using the target sampling method. The data was collected through observations, surveys and tests, as well as interviews. The data were then analyzed using an independent sampling criterion and a homogeneity test to see the effectiveness of the training of the two sample groups. The results show that the practical effectiveness of training using a virtual laboratory was very successful and received good reviews. The effectiveness of the virtual laboratory can be assessed by the level. Thus, virtual laboratories can be used as teaching aids that can make a positive contribution to improving student academic performance.

The The Uniqueness of Managerial Competency Model in Indonesian Districts and Cities

Managerial competency is a fascinating field to continue to develop and study until now. UNDP is still formulating the Competency Framework until 2030 (United Nations, 2018). The popularity of this field stems from the flexibility and dynamic nature of organizational practices that have been born due to global development. Managerial competencies have three components: conceptual skills, human resources skills, and technical skills. In Indonesia, city governments find it difficult to determine the right person based on managerial competence, so the wrong person is placed to occupy a strategic position. Therefore, this research wants to determine the right proportion of the three components of managerial competency and their indicators. That was the background of this study: analyzing the proportion of these skills by taking case studies in 2 regions in Indonesia, namely the Tasikmalaya Regency and Serang City. This study sought to find what managerial competency models apply in Indonesia, especially those represented by the two cities/regencies in Indonesia. This study used mixed methods: quantitative methods for distributing questionnaires to Echelon/ Class III and IV officials in the two cities and qualitative for expert group discussions to validate that would strengthen the analysis. The time needed for this research is about one year (around February 2019- August 2020). The contribution of this research shows that when an area uses an ideal competency managerial model, it is easier to achieve its vision and mission. The study results indicate that the Tasikmalaya Regency is quite good in its managerial competence selection process. It can be seen from the proportion of the three sets of dynamically dispersed managerial competencies compared to the ideal model, in contrast to Serang City, which is still far from ideal conditions. Serang City must improve its managerial competency model to make it more ideal. This is needed so that organizations can deal with changing times, which tend to be exponential to maximize performance achievements.

The Effect of Managerial Skills on Internal Service Quality: A Study of City Administrations in Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia, Based on Katz’s Managerial Skills Model and Yaoli’s Internal Service Quality Measures

Previous studies have yet to identify the managerial skills that significantly impact internal service quality in city administrations, creating a gap in understanding. The current study uses Katz's Managerial Skills Model and Yaoli's Internal Service Quality to identify correlations between managerial skills and Measures to determine practical abilities that affect internal service quality. The survey examines the effectiveness of managerial skills on internal service quality. The research design is a cross-sectional survey with a sample size of 4 municipalities, 196 employees, and 12 managers selected using a multi-stage stratified sampling technique. Three types of managerial skills and seven dimensions of internal service quality measures were considered, in which each of the skill types and sizes was measured with Likert scale self-administered questionnaires. Arithmetic mean, median and factor analysis were used to analyze inter-related Likert scale data, and their performance was compared. The result found that factor analysis is the best method to analyze the collected Likert scale data. Eventually, weighted least square (WLS) estimation was fitted where technical skill (β = 0.31, P < 0.01) and conceptual skill (β =0.3, P_value < 0.01) were found significant and had a positive effect. However, Human skill (β = -0.07, P_value = 0.073) was insignificant at a 5% significance level, meaning technical, managerial skills and human managerial skills significantly positively affect internal service quality; the conceptual managerial skill was insignificant at a 5% significance level. The weighted least square estimation showed better performance concerning R-square, MSE, AIC and BIC values; with the trimmer, the better. Multiple linear regressions and partial and semi-partial correlations were run, and the significance and direction of correlation were equivalent to that of WLS. The study's conclusion highlights that enhancing managerial technical and human skills can improve internal service quality. This improvement can enhance external service quality, employee job satisfaction, and performance.