Conceptual Research Model Research Articles

The brand attachment and consumer behaviour in sports marketing contexts: the case of football fans in Portugal

Sports marketing is a dynamic subject area linking academic research, marketing practitioners and public policy planners. To provide an experience that meets or exceeds a spectator's expectations, it is important to understand consumer behaviour (e.g., behavioural intentions) and the brand attachment in specific sports marketing contexts. The main purpose of this study is to analyse how brand attachment relates to other relevant variables (brand loyalty, brand commitment, brand satisfaction, brand trust) in consumer's behaviour applied to football fans in Portugal. The results have shown that football fans in Portugal are severely attached and loyal to their teams. The brand attachment to a football team influences all the variables included in the research conceptual model. The results also demonstrated that brand attachment, brand commitment, brand trust and brand satisfaction influence brand loyalty. A just a few studies had analysed the relation between brand attachment and other variables, so this study is groundbreaking relatively to this subject. Implications for future research are also presented.

A Conceptual Model of Social Entrepreneurial Motivation

This paper contributes to the theory of social entrepreneurship (SE) by analysing five generic motivations (extrinsic, intrinsic and complex motivations; employment status; and start-up capital) that credibly influence individuals’ intention to engage in SE. This research uses an exploratory and inductive methodology in analysing the literature across four schools of thought based on the research conceptual model and developed six research propositions for further empirical testing. As a major contribution, this paper suggests for the first time that ‘complex motivation’ may have a significant role in social venturing.

Green packaging and green advertising as precursors of competitive advantage and business performance among manufacturing small and medium enterprises in South Africa

This research aimed to assess the impact of green packaging and green advertising on competitive advantage and business performance of manufacturing Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). A research conceptual model was produced to determine the relationships from that model. A quantitative research approach was utilised for this investigation and a simple random sampling procedure was embraced. The target population for this examination was confined to heads of marketing departments within manufacturing SMEs in the Gauteng province of South Africa. The data analysis was done in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 25 for demographic data analysis and AMOS 25 was utilised for the structural equation modelling. The tested relationships produced satisfactory results consistent with how they were hypothesised. Unequivocally, it was discovered that green packaging and green advertising had a positive influence on competitive advantage and business performance. This investigation expands the knowledge base that presently exists in the field of green marketing, competitive advantage, as well as SMEs business performance. Likewise, this examination is important to manufacturing SME proprietors and supervisors since most them endeavour to have a competitive advantage and additionally, to boost profitability, as well as the business’ interest.

The Potential Contribution of Chronic Pain and Common Chronic Pain Conditions to Subsequent Cognitive Decline, New Onset Cognitive Impairment, and Incident Dementia: A Systematic Review and Conceptual Model for Future Research.

Growing evidence suggests that chronic pain and certain chronic pain conditions may increase risk for cognitive decline and dementia. In this systematic review, we critically evaluate available evidence regarding the association of chronic pain and specific common chronic pain conditions to subsequent decline in cognitive function, new onset cognitive impairment (CI), and incident Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD); outline major gaps in the literature; and provide a preliminary conceptual model illustrating potential pathways linking pain to cognitive change. To identify qualifying studies, we searched seven scientific databases and scanned bibliographies of identified articles and relevant review papers. Sixteen studies met our inclusion criteria (2 matched case-control, 10 retrospective cohort, 2 prospective cohort), including 11 regarding the association of osteoarthritis (N = 4), fibromyalgia (N = 1), or headache/migraine (N = 6) to incident ADRD (N = 10) and/or its subtypes (N = 6), and 5 investigating the relation of chronic pain symptoms to subsequent cognitive decline (N = 2), CI (N = 1), and/or ADRD (N = 3). Studies yielded consistent evidence for a positive association of osteoarthritis and migraines/headaches to incident ADRD; however, findings regarding dementia subtypes were mixed. Emerging evidence also suggests chronic pain symptoms may accelerate cognitive decline and increase risk for memory impairment and ADRD, although findings and measures varied considerably across studies. While existing studies support a link between chronic pain and ADRD risk, conclusions are limited by substantial study heterogeneity, limited investigation of certain pain conditions, and methodological and other concerns characterizing most investigations to date. Additional rigorous, long-term prospective studies are needed to elucidate the effects of chronic pain and specific chronic pain conditions on cognitive decline and conversion to ADRD, and to clarify the influence of potential confounding and mediating factors.

A Conceptual Research Model for Studying the Relationship between Entrepreneurial Competencies and the Performances of Small and Medium Size Enterprises in Bangladesh

A Conceptual Research Model for Studying the Relationship between Entrepreneurial Competencies and the Performances of Small and Medium Size Enterprises in Bangladesh

Building customer loyalty in online shopping: the role of online trust, online satisfaction and electronic word of mouth

Various scholars have empirically investigated customer beliefs regarding satisfaction, loyalty and trust in the context of B2C e-commerce in several countries. However, the number of investigations into such important aspects of e-commerce in developing Arab countries, such as Jordan, is limited. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to explore the main factors that affect the degree to which consumers in Jordan are satisfied with, loyal to and trust B2C e-commerce. This research relies on previous and related literature to formulate a conceptual research model that proposes relationships between online trust, satisfaction and loyalty, and their determinants. To examine the proposed model, a self-administered paper-based survey questionnaire was issued to B2C e-commerce customers in a Jordanian private university. The findings suggest that customer loyalty to B2C e-commerce in Jordan is significantly influenced by online customer satisfaction, electronic word of mouth (eWOM) and online trust.

Impact of Users’ Socio-Cultural and Religious Orientation on Government Resource Planning (GRP) Systems Usage in Saudi Arabia

This study investigates the impact of users' socio-cultural orientation and religious values on government resource planning systems in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Although many studies have been conducted on the adoption of technology in developed nations, only a few analyses have focused on the Middle Eastern region. This research fills that gap. The study developed an integrated conceptual research model based on existing technology acceptance theories, namely theory of reasoned action, technology acceptance model, unified theory of acceptance and use of technology and Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory. An online survey questionnaire was sent to 1677 employees at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Saudi Arabia and a total of 377 completed questionnaires were received of which 340 were considered usable, making a response rate of 22.48%. Data was analyzed using multivariate statistical analysis. The analysis finds there is a relationship between the socio-cultural and religious constructs with reference to attitude about using government resource planning systems. Results reveal that 55% of the variance (R 2 = 0.557) of employees' attitude to the GRP application can be explained by the effect of socio-cultural and religious variables. Findings show that cultural values (t (340) = 3.862, p<; 0.000), social network (t (340) = 4.095, p<; 0.000), peers' influence (t (340) = 4.515, p<; 0.000) and religious values (t (340) = 5.062, p<; 0.000) are significant predictors of GRP acceptance. Furthermore, the analysis shows demographic factors moderate between the determinants and users' perceptions. These findings have important implications for the acceptance and implementation of GRP systems in Saudi Arabia.

E-Revenue Adoption in State Internal Revenue Service

This paper focuses on investigating factors affecting e-revenue adoption in State Internally Revenue Service. The study utilizes a quantitative research methods. A conceptual research model to investigate factors affecting e-revenue was developed by integrating technology, organisation, and environment framework. The constructs employed in predicting e-revenue adoption include technological competence, financial cost, internal need, satisfaction with existing system, competitive pressure, taxpayer readiness, government regulation. Data were collected from 140 staff of the ICT department, collection departments, and some management staff of State Internal Revenue Service in three state of Nigeria. The data were analysed based on PLS-SEM using SmartPLS 3.0. The result shows that financial cost, level of satisfaction with existing system, internal need of the revenue agencies, government regulation, and competitive pressure are significant factors influencing the adoption of e-revenue in Nigeria.

Developing Conceptual frame work for building Sustainable Organisation through Organisational Citizenship Behaviour

The study examined the existing literature on Organisational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) and its associated variables through social network analysis using Gephi. A sample of 22 recent research articles related to OCB and the variables and constructs used in those studies have been selected for network analysis to identify the major influencing variables and to identify possible research gaps to formulate a conceptual model for further research. GEPHI 0.9.2 and NodeXL graph softwares were used for the network analysis to enable easy visualisation of the links between the variables. The result shows that OCB and commitment, OCB and Job satisfaction, OCB and empowerment were most examined however, the most prominent variables altruism, conscientiousness, sportsmanship that form a part of the OCB have not been used.

An Empirical Analysis of the Relationship between Human Capital and Organizational Performance in Hospitality Sector in Pakistan

Human capital is professed as a critical factor and a special resource that can elevate the firm’s performance, generally, in most of the organizations, and specifically, in labor-intensive organizations. It is considered a special resource in the hotel industry where employees have direct interaction with customers. Although a lot of research has been done, however, the question of how much and what type of human capital is required by the organization to fight in the recent rivalry is still unanswered. This study is an effort to answer the aforesaid question about human capital in the hospitality sector in Pakistan (involving five stars, four-star, and three-star hotels separately). A theoretical framework and a research conceptual model is developed on the bases of in-depth literature. A cross-sectional field survey was conducted through an adopted and valid research instrument. Questionnaires were administered to 300 respondents selected by stratified random sampling, 275 were received and 250 were perfect for further use in SPSS version 22. Statistical analysis shows the results which clearly identify the strong and significant relationship between human capital and organizational performance. Moreover, microanalysis of components of human capital depicts that innovation and creation have the most significant impact among all of the three components, on organizational performance in all types of hotels in Pakistan. Theoretically, the current study added knowledge to the literature about the constructs of human capital, organizational performance, and organization success. Practically, in the hotel industry, it contributes to strategic decision making such as employees’ training, human capital investment, regulatory decisions, developing mechanisms in order to develop human capital as a unique and valuable resource that leads to the competitive advantage of the organizations. The current study is limited to five stars, four-star and three-star hotels in Lahore, Pakistan. It an important and initial step towards establishing a measurable and empirical value of human capital for organizations in the hospitality sector. However, It opens new vistas for researchers to further investigate the phenomenon.

Assessment of the disposition of the future Ph.D to research and innovation activity: criteria, indicators, levels

The relevance of the research is the need to enhance the research and innovation training effectiveness of future PhD students, who are able to compete in the international scientific environment. A mechanism for assessing the disposition of future doctors of philosophy to research and innovation is presented in this article, using a criterion-level approach. The disposition is represented by a set of motivational and goal-oriented, personally-creative, content-active and reflective-perspective components. The motivational, creative, cognitive, activity and reflexive disposition criteria are defined. These criteria are measured through the system of proposed indicators. Low (adaptation), medium (search) and high (creative) levels of disposition for research and innovation activity are defined. The component characteristic of the levels of disposition is presented, which is a prerequisite for the construction of a conceptual model of research and innovation training of graduate students. It is proved, that the general level of disposition of future doctors of philosophy to research and innovation activity is determined mainly by its productivity. Low-level graduate students will have only those results of research and innovation activity that are stipulated by the formal requirements, i.e. abstracts at national and international conferences and articles in the state language in professional editions of Ukraine.The medium level is characterized by the fact that a graduate student: has publications in foreign editions; finds ways of their practical application, which is confirmed by existing patents; competes for additional funding, so prepares applications and participates in grants, scholarship awards. Finally, a high level of disposition describes a graduate student, who has publications in Scopus and Web of Science international science databases and / or real experience in attracting external funding to implement his/her own projects (grant, award, scholarship, contract, license sold). The criteria, indicators and levels, identified in the article, provide an opportunity to diagnose the disposition of future doctors of philosophy to research and innovation activity in the process of their preparation, as well as to identify those components of that disposition that are not formed enough

The Relationship Between Selected Market Orientation Dimensions and Organizational Performance within Universities in South Africa

Abstract The association of market orientation and organisation performance has been the focal point of several studies that confirmed a positive relationship between the constructs. However, there is a lack of evidence in studies examining this issue within universities of technology (UoTs) in South Africa. Hence, the study was undertaken with the main objective of conducting an analysis on the dimensions of MARKOR scale of market orientation in the prediction of university performance within UoTs in South Africa. Both the resource based view theory and the dynamic capacity theory were identified as the foundation of the study. Considering the situational factors and the institutions’ environment, a non-probability sampling procedure was chosen. A convenience sample of 507 full-time employed academics within the six UoTs in South Africa, participated in a cross-sectional survey through a self-administered structured questionnaire. The factor analysis procedure resulted in the extraction of three primary dimensions, namely market information generation, market information dissemination and responsiveness. A conceptual research model was tested using confirmatory factor analysis. Through multiple regression analysis, the results show that market information generation, market information dissemination and responsiveness are significant predictors of university performance. The findings contribute to an enhanced comprehension of the dimensions of MARKOR scale towards predicting university performance among UoTs in South Africa. The study provides possible recommendations and extends immensely the existing knowledge among researched concepts when measuring organisational performance.

Workplace Deviance: A Conceptual Framework

Workplace Deviance defined as a planned, purposeful, and hateful attempt to disrupt an organization by causing problems in the workplace. Workplace Deviance splits into two parts i, e Interpersonal Deviance (ID), and Organizational Deviance (OD), respectively. ID is that which attempts to harm relationships through activities like lying, gossiping, and apportioning blame, and OD relates to lateness or theft of equipment. The present aim of the study is to observe vast literature existing online databases globally in the workplace deviance by systematically analyzing the empirical studies of the last 30 years. In India, minimal research has done in the area of deviant behavior. The purpose of the present study has tried to is a significant amount for organizations. Vast research is going on in the American continent to find out workplace deviance antecedent and try to minimize the effect at an organizational level. The method used in the present paper is constructed on secondary sources, and with the help of the VOS software online database of a web of science, a systematic review of workplace deviance has done and framed a conceptual model for further empirical research. After a comprehensive study researcher identified various antecedents of workplace deviance, such as job satisfaction, organizational justice, job design, and abusive supervision, are the main variables often used by researchers? Previous research has done on destructive deviance instead of constructive deviance. In recent trends, counterproductive behavior and psychological factor needed to study This study shows that organizations should discourage deviant workplace behavior by providing ethical organizational climate and practicing conducting proper counseling, refresher program for employees; also, an organization should form a personality assessment program at regular intervals to avoid individuals with negativity personality characteristics. In this context, relatively few studies have presented a thorough review of the literature. The current study frames a robust conceptual framework for the investigators and researchers by examining the vast essay on workplace deviance in Indian organizations.

RETIREES’ MEMORIES OF WORK LIFE AND WELL-BEING AFTER RETIREMENT: A QUALITATIVE INQUIRY

Reminiscence research has grown immensely in the past 30 years. Yet, research on personal memories of work lives is lacking. This is surprising because work is a crucial aspect of many people’s lives and an important life story chapter (Thomsen, Pillemer, & Ivcevic, 2011). Part of a larger project, the present qualitative study aimed to understand (1) what retirees remember about their work lives and (2) whether and how retirees tie those memories to their current well-being. Six in-depth interviews on lives before and after retirement (4 women and 2 men with different careers, age range 65 to 87 years) were conducted and transcribed verbatim. Findings of a thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006) revealed that participants reported both big and small stories. They first narrated landmark events (e.g., job loss after the Fall of the German Wall) and continued to recount many little incidents (e.g., a child asking an unretiring teacher if she is now "done with retirement”). Additionally, participants not only reminisced about work itself (i.e., what jobs were like) but equally about workplace relationships (e.g., particularly positive or negative relations with supervisors). Despite difficult times at work, participants reported that they were now at peace with how things went and generally satisfied with their current lives. We discuss how the type (i.e., big or small) and content (i.e., work- or relationship-focused) of retirees’ memories and positive meaning-making (i.e., recounting work lives in a positive light) may contribute to well-being and propose a conceptual model for future research.

A multistakeholder evaluation of Lazos Hispanos: An application of a community-based participatory research conceptual model.

The goal of Lazos Hispanos is to enhance the health and well-being of the Latinx community through promotoras, who connect community members with service providers for multiple health and social needs. A community-based participatory research conceptual model framed the multimethod evaluation of promotoras, service providers, and community participants at baseline and at the 1-year follow up. The promotoras increased their self-efficacy and knowledge, felt a strong sense of commitment to the community, viewed themselves as a bridge between participants and providers, and felt empowered by their new role. Service providers valued the promotoras as their ambassadors in the community and Lazos Hispanos as central to connecting service providers, promotoras, and community members; they noted that this collaboration increased their accountability with the Latinx community. This multistakeholder evaluation highlights the depth of positive changes achieved during the first year and the challenges of a community-embedded project and the benefits and possibilities of calling upon theoretically informed evaluation models.

Employee referral hiring in organizations: An integrative conceptual review, model, and agenda for future research.

Employee referral hiring, an organization's use of current employees' social networks (referrers) to fill job openings with new hires (referred workers), is a popular organization practice. This topic has been studied for decades by scholars, and research remains vibrant across several disciplines. While reviews of recruitment methods and their influence on job seekers and organizations exist, they give minimal attention to employee referrals. This gap is critical because an assessment of the employee referral literature exposes numerous theories, deviations in methodological approaches, and other important nuances. The research developed, and emerging across different disciplines, is also disconnected, often overlooking promising findings from each other. Furthermore, the impact of technology and the changing nature of work requires a renewed attention to the methodological and theoretical underpinnings of the referring phenomenon. Our review integrates the multidisciplinary literature to address important knowledge gaps and confront the underlying complexities of the referral hiring phenomenon. We review 101 relevant referral hiring studies from 86 published and unpublished articles across a variety of disciplines, and, in the process, we develop a model of employee referral hiring in organizations. This model portrays the pathways and contextual variables that describe the referring process (e.g., referrer motivations, the hiring process, and referrer and referred worker outcomes). Last, we advance an agenda for future research on this promising topic. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Power Dynamics in Community-Based Participatory Research: A Multiple-Case Study Analysis of Partnering Contexts, Histories, and Practices.

Community-based participatory research has a long-term commitment to principles of equity and justice with decades of research showcasing the added value of power-sharing and participatory involvement of community members for achieving health, community capacity, policy, and social justice outcomes. Missing, however, has been a clear articulation of how power operates within partnership practices and the impact of these practices on outcomes. The National Institutes of Health-funded Research for Improved Health study (2009-2013), having surveyed 200 partnerships, then conducted seven in-depth case studies to better understand which partnership practices can best build from community histories of organizing to address inequities. The diverse case studies represented multiple ethnic-racial and other marginalized populations, health issues, and urban and rural areas and regions. Cross-cutting analyses of the qualitative results focus on how oppressive and emancipatory forms of power operate within partnerships in response to oppressive conditions or emancipatory histories of advocacy within communities. The analysis of power was conducted within each of the four domains of the community-based participatory research conceptual model, starting from how contexts shape partnering processes to impact short-term intervention and research outputs, and contribute to outcomes. Similarities and differences in how partnerships leveraged and addressed their unique contexts and histories are presented, with both structural and relational practices that intentionally addressed power relations. These results demonstrate how community members draw from their resilience and strengths to combat histories of injustice and oppression, using partnership principles and practices toward multilevel outcomes that honor community knowledge and leadership, and seek shared power, policy, and community transformation changes, thereby advancing health equity.

Presenting hotels in virtual reality: does it influence the booking intention?

使用虚拟现实技术来展示酒店：是否这会影响消费者的预定意图？摘要研究目的本论文旨在研究借助智能手机虚拟现实系统（SBVR）以达到网真效果来展示酒店产品, 以及探究这种身临其境的体验是否对潜在酒店消费者的预定意图有影响。研究设计/方法/途径本论文建立了一个理论模型, 包含了功利和享乐两方面的用户体验SBVR, 以及其与预定意图的联系。本论文创立了一个虚拟现实的模式, 实际测量了人们通过这个模式来探究酒店的体验。研究样本为569位参与者。采样方式为问卷方法。本论文采用PLS方式来进行结构方程模型（SEM）计算和假设验证。研究结果网真技术的身临其境的体验增加了潜在消费者的感知享受和有用性。此外, 用户的好奇心被网真技术激发, 显著地增加了感知享受和感知有用性。虚拟酒店体验的享乐和功利价值增加了顾客预定的概率。研究理论限制/意义本论文研制的虚拟现实应用软件是基于静态全景影像, 而不含视听觉元素（比如, 声音、视频、动画）。视听觉因素可能会增加身临其境的感觉, 因此值得未来研究。研究实际意义本论文结果表明SBVR是一个适合营销的手段, 其在信息性和娱乐性方面展示了酒店, 因此能够增加销量和利润。研究原创性/价值首先, 本论文研究了SBVR对酒店虚拟产品展示的潜力, 并且提供实际测量结果, 证明了这种创新型展示对预定意图的促进作用关键词关键词 虚拟现实, 旅游住宿, 酒店, 产品展示, 网真, 预定意图论文类型研究型论文

Providing a model for understanding the phenomenon of employees' laziness among Iranian governmental organizations

The present study was to provide a model for understanding the phenomenon of employees' laziness among Iranian governmental organizations. This research is an applied one in terms of purpose and an exploratory-survey one in terms of approach. The statistical population of the research was selected among a group of experts in human resource composed of executive directors specializing in human resources who were interviewed in-depth. This selection and conduct of the interview continued until the theoretical saturation, and then stopped. In this study, the snowball sampling method was used. In this way, the first expert was selected according to initial investigations and surveys of the honorable supervisor. After completing the interview with the first person, he was asked to introduce other expert or experts who may be experts in the field of employees' laziness and contribute to the richness of the research model. This process continued until the researcher theoretical saturation. Eventually, 16 experts were interviewed. In this research, since the grounded theory method was used, the main tools for data collection were in-depth and unstructured interviews with human resources experts. Finally, after three stages coding include open, axial and selective, a conceptual model of research was designed based on the paradigmatic model.

Expectations of telemedicine health service adoption in rural Bangladesh

This study analyzes the antecedent factors that influence patients' expectations of telemedicine adoption in centres hosted by rural public hospitals in Bangladesh. It examines five antecedents of patients' expectations of telemedicine adoption—self-efficacy, telemedicine experience, knowledge, enjoyment, and prior satisfaction. A conceptual research model was formulated, encompassing a set of hypotheses that were developed and tested by employing partial least squares structural equation modelling. Using a structured survey questionnaire, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among 500 telemedicine users in different rural areas in Bangladesh. Except knowledge, four antecedents significantly contribute to patients' expectations of telemedicine health service adoption explaining 66% of the variance (R2) in expectations. These findings provide support for explaining antecedents to the formation of patients’ expectations of telemedicine adoption and the institutionalisation of favourable policy guidelines as an early guidance for the development of successful healthcare industries in Bangladesh and other similar settings. Specific policy interventions and recommendations are provided, including current research limitations leading to opportunities for future research.