Concept Of Social Power Research Articles

VERTICAL GARDEN UTILIZATION TRAINING FOR HIGH SCHOOL / STUDENTS IN JAKARTA

The existence of open spaces in private urban villages in Jakarta is very rare. Occupancy at the center of the city causes people choose land for buildings rather than open space. Even though Jakarta has ranked in the top 5 countries with an upper threshold. Vertical garden was chosen as an alternative greening solution on limited open space. Vertical garden assistance and training is aimed at students from PGRI 15 High School located around the campus of Budi Luhur University, South Jakarta. Students are introduced to the importance of greening for environmental health and are encouraged to be creative in creating vertical garden forms with a variety of ideas. The approach method used is tri-daya, i.e. i) social power, ii) environmental power, and iii) economic power. The concept of Social Power is to invite students to become individuals who are more concerned about the environment capable of providing solutions to the completion of greening in urban areas that are increasingly limited. The concept of Environmental Power aims to invite students to take part in a residential or school environment to implement a vertical garden and increase their creativity in developing various vertical garden designs. And the concept of Economic Power is the result of the production of making vertical gardens can be used for themselves or sold to the general public, which in turn can increase the economic value of the surrounding community.

Lords and Lordship in Saxo Grammaticus’sGesta Danorum

Saxo Grammaticus’s Gesta Danorum (‘History of the Danes’), completed in the early thirteenth century, form the most celebrated Latin chronicle of the Scandinavian Middle Ages. This article investigates Saxo’s terminology of lord-man relationships, and how it relates to his conceptualization of political and social structures more broadly. It begins with a semantic analysis of Saxo’s concepts of social power, continues with extended comparisons with his classical Roman models and his Scandinavian contemporaries, and, in the two final sections, broadens its perspective to situate the text within recent debates about political ritual and ‘feudo-vassalic’ institutions in the central Middle Ages. It argues that the addition of a Scandinavian element to the broader European debates about medieval lordship can be an occasion to reflect on how those debates were framed in the first place, and to reassess critically notions of knighthood, political ritual, and feudalism.

Eco-System Services in Agrarian Value Chains: Value Detection of Bio-Diversity as Public Good Provision, Problems, and Institutional Issues

Valuation of nature (biodiversity: BD) and in particular ecosystem services (ESS) are important prerequisites for the design of cultural landscapes as well as in agricultural policy and the generation of BD as public interest. Designs should be built on valuation and valuation is usually seen as market assignment of prices. Yet, there is a problem with market failure. BD and ESS can be characterized as public goods, both being non-rival and non-exclusive, thus demanding public provision. Largely due to public pressure, nature provision and planning has received increased attention. Especially as a means to create values i.e. in conservation projects and specifically to add value and income to farmers’ value chains. Governments seek to promote BD and landscape provision by farmers, but money is scarce. Planners frequently do not know what the public wants and contingent valuation results are often regarded as insufficient because of missing vehicles of payment. There is scope for a more workable coordination process (institutional innovation) between interests in nature provision projects (being oriented at BD and corresponding ESS) and willingness to pay WTP (for foods related to nature). It is the objective to show that value chains of food products which are strongly related to nature and landscapes are a venue to go under multi-functionality for BD. The issue addressed is to offer a BD which creates WTP in value chains and serves as source of finance for BD provision. Hereby, the public is represented by an ecological management. We will primarily provide an analytical framework which merges public good provision theory with farm behavior modelling as well as draws on modeling of bargaining as solutions from social power theory. Provision is set by valuing through BD management and foods contain ESS by which the value chain improves at private good markets. Food is marketed through a special value chain and consumers help to finance public management of ESS. We distinguish the process of public preference formation from those of individual formation and can reckon a concept of social power. 1. An introduction to preference detection highlights the need for a public approach. 2. Interest group preferences are modeled. 3. A manager will be entitled to charge fees to beneficiaries and guarantee compensations. 4. Bargaining for BD indicating ESS is outlined.

Social power of preadolescent children on influence in their mothers’ purchasing behavior

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the relationship between legitimate and expert social power types of preadolescent children on the influence perception in their mothers’ purchasing behavior in Peruvian toy stores. The literature review takes into consideration the concepts of social power and the influence on family behavior to then focus on social power within family behavior with the purpose of mainly developing four hypotheses regarding purchasing behavior. Design/methodology/approach The methodology followed a non-experimental transversal correlational-causal design. A pilot sample size of 67 cases was used. The sample was based on an objective population of Peruvian mothers of families that live in northern Lima and that go to purchase toys to major shopping centers with their children aged 8-11 years. Findings The results show that the expert social power, as well as the legitimate social power, has a strong relationship. In addition, both social powers have an impact on the influence perception in purchasing child-mother, but not on the influence perception in purchasing mother-child. Moreover, the test of moderation of the expenditure level on toy purchases did not have an effect on the context that was studied. Originality/value The contribution shows that important changes are happening in the consumption behavior on the aspect of children influencing mothers, and that for Latin American contexts, the level of expenditure still does not crucially affect the causality demonstrated.

Actions speak louder than words: how employees mind the implementation gap

Integral to employees’ working lives are the HR policies and more importantly, the practices that follow those and their implementation, which employees experience directly. To date, research on HR implementation considers how HRM is ‘done to’ employees by management and therefore ignores the agency of individuals to shape how HRM is ‘done to them’. Taking the perspective of employees, in a qualitative study of female lawyers, this paper examines employees’ roles in shaping HR implementation, addressing a lack of understanding about the role of ‘others’ in the process. Drawing on the concept of social power, the article focuses on the implementation of agile working practices within UK-based law firms. It finds that despite lacking legitimate position power to influence processes, employees draw on a variety of other power sources (e.g. referent, information, coercive) and tactics (e.g. leveraging membership of professional networks) in order to influence their working environment with respect to HR policy and practice, particularly in response to perceived implementation gaps. The current study underlines that employees may be integral to bridging the gap between policy and practice and therefore to ensuring the link between HRM and organisational performance. It also proposes that behavioural responses to HR practices should be considered in future theorising of the HRM-performance relationship.

A “energia social” do esporte – aproximações e experimentações possíveis a partir de um conceito

O ensaio procura experimentar o conceito de energia social (Greenblatt, 1988) tendo como objeto o esporte e suas manifestações na contemporaneidade. Pressupõe-se que há algo no esporte, seja como prática, seja como assistência midiatizada, que faz circular elementos estéticos e culturais próprios de caracterizações de um modo de ser na atualidade. Sem pretensões conclusivas, procura-se elencar um apanhado de questões que tensionam possibilidades de extrair do esporte algo em torno do conhecimento, configurando-se como desafio ao campo educativo e das humanidades.

Seeking Sanctuary

The internationalization of higher education has led to the influx of Chinese international students in Canada. Much of the literature on this subject has focussed on the factors that drive them to Canada, their academic learning experiences, and the impact of North American stereotypical constructions of “Chinese learners” on their English language learning. This paper is based on a narrative study investigating the mobility, English learning and test-taking experiences of ten Chinese international students, and the complex connections among their past and present experiences and imagined futures. Informed by theories on globalization, neoliberalism, and Bourdieu’s concepts of social power, in particular, on sanctuary, this paper presents selected findings relating to the paradoxes and dilemmas of the student experiences of leaving China for their higher education, imagining a better future.

School Leadership in the Context of Social Power Theory

The study focuses on the issues of social power and leadership in the school context. We approach the power and leadership from the two points of view - the typology of social power by French and Raven, and the leadership styles – transactional and transformational. The aim of this study is to discuss the topic of the social power and leadership, and especially to point out the connections between the concept of social power and the leadership in the specific school environment. First, we focus on thetheoretical concept of power across the different definitions, further, the power is viewed more specifically – within the frame of the social power theory. Followingly, thesocial power is introduced in the context of leadership. The study deals with the question of the relationship between the social power and leadership, which are perceived as the constructs in the school environment.

Who's the Boss? Concepts of Social Power Across Development.

Power differences are observed in children's early relationships, yet little is known about how children conceptualize social power. Study 1 recruited adults (n=35) to assess the validity of a series of vignettes to measure five dimensions of social power. Using these vignettes, Study 2 (149 three- to nine-year-olds, 42 adults) and Study 3 (86 three- to nine-year-olds, 22 adults) showed that children visiting a science museum at a middle class university town are sensitive to several dimensions of social power from a young age; however, an adult-like breadth of power concepts does not develop until 7-9years. Children understand social power whether the powerful character is malevolent or benevolent, though malevolent power is easier to detect for children and adults.

Modern Shi’i Islam and the narrative of social power: The views of Muhammad Husayn Fadlallah

In modern Shi’i Islam, power constitutes a major concern for thinkers and movements alike. Above all, Muham mad Husayn Fadlallah stands as the most systematic Shi’i thinker who produced an Islamic theory of power. The present article analyses Fadlallah’s concept of social power. In Islam and the Logic of Power (al-Islam wa-mantiq al-quwwa), he emphasised the importance of social solidarity, justice, and the obligation of “commanding right and forbidding wrong” as a means to create the ideal society. For him, this social model has are ciprocal relation to social power. Muhammad Husayn Fadlallah tells the tale of two societies: the weak and the strong, arguing that beliefs, unity and values determine the power of a community. He claims that the strong society is best illustrated by the first Islamic community. He confronts it with the weak society which lacks unity and solidarity — echoing to a great extent contemporary Lebanon. Fadlallah’s social theory — embedded in his theology of power — transforms spiritual power into a collective deployment of action. He draws on a wide range of elements (Sunni, Shi’i and Marxist) to create a coherent system of power in which social power is a mediator between the ideology of power and its political manifestation.

Social power in exchange theories: Homans's and Blau's considerations of the relationship between the power and the exchange

Since social exchange is one of the key concepts in the social life, the exchange theory can be one of the most important within sociology. Also, another crucial concept to the social reality and social sciences is social power. The theory of social exchange has provided a significant contribution to the study of power, however, this contribution of theorists who belong to exchange paradigm is completely neglected within scientific literature. Therefore, the subject of this paper is social power from the perspective of the exchange theory, particularly the theories of George Homans and Peter Blau. The structure of the paper is as follows: first, the basic principles of the exchange theory are briefly described, then the relationship between concepts of social power and exchange is presented, and finally Homans's and Blau's interpretations of that relationship are exposed, along with the critical scrutiny of these interpretations.

Macht und Metamacht

Abstract In this paper a distinction is made between the concept of social power and the more basic concept of power. Because the more basic concept is not a social or sociological notion, it is analysed with the tools of action theory. In light of this analysis the concept of social power can be seen in a new and revealing light. Additionally, a special version of social power comes into view. I dub this phaenomenon ‘meta-power’.

‘Staying in class so no one can get to him’: a case for the institutional reproduction of ADHD categories and behaviours

This paper focuses a sociological lens on what two early years Australian school boys labelled as having attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and an early years teacher have to say about social relations within informal play environments. The boys participated in separate semi‐structured interviews where they predicted the likely outcomes of social interactions within informal play environments for a toy puppy that was exhibiting ADHD‐like behaviours. The students forewarned that the puppy should be ‘staying in class so no one can get to him’, and that ‘his friends will be cruel and tease him’, making him into a ‘bad’ puppy. A follow‐up interview with one early years teacher confirmed that the boys’ predictions reflected their lived experiences as students labelled as ADHD in institutional play environments. A theoretical framework based on concepts of social power and control is used to analyse the boys’ and teacher’s interview talk to explain how particular social discourses have the potential to trap students labelled as ADHD into this category and the difficulties one socially aware teacher faced as she tried to disrupt these dominant disabling discourses.

Community organizing: an ecological route to empowerment and power.

An important contribution to empowerment theory and community psychology practice can be made by examining how the concept of social power is developed and manifested in the context of community organizing. Theory and practice may be further informed through an ecological analysis of organizing processes and interventions. Lessons from a national community organizing network highlight the relationship between empowerment and power through a set of organizing principles and a cycle of organizing activity. Perhaps most important is the understanding that a reciprocal relationship exists between development of power for community organizations and individual empowerment for organization members. Implications for empowerment theory in the community organizing domain are provided in a matrix adapted from Zimmerman's description of empowerment processes and outcomes at multiple levels of analysis.