Concept Of Risk Assessment Research Articles

Review of Risk Assessment Methods for Cybersecurity Attacks on Road Network and Intelligent Transportation System Applications

One of the most discussed infrastructure issues of our time is cybersecurity. A transportation system that connects not only people but also logistics to make the community around the world closer is one of the critical infrastructures requiring cybersecurity to perform its functions. Transportation systems include aviation, maritime, pipeline, railroad, and road networks. This study focuses only on the roadway network system. Cutting-edge technologies related to highway networks, such as variable message signs, vehicular ad hoc networks, and in-vehicle networks, have been developed to improve safety and efficiency. Those technologies make transportation systems more complex and integrated, bringing many potential vulnerabilities and cyber risks. This can attract an adversary to attack and exploit the system. The number of cybersecurity attacks on transportation systems has been growing for many years. However, it is not feasible to protect against all cybersecurity attacks in the system. The risk assessment concept is proposed to prioritize risk resulting from attacks to support decision-makers in formulating appropriate policies or countermeasures. This study reviews risk assessment methods for cybersecurity attacks on road networks and intelligent transportation system applications. Three potential risk assessment methods are examined for road network systems: the National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 800-30, Attack Potential and Damage Potential, and the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process.

The ConSoil project: An integrated framework for monitoring plant protection product residues in agricultural soil

AbstractPlant Protection Products (PPPs) are widely used to maintain high productivity and protect crops, but can have unintended toxic effects on beneficial non‐target soil organisms. To avoid unacceptable adverse effects of PPPs on soil organisms, a prospective risk assessment is carried out, which focuses on individual substances and their effects on a few individual species or groups. However, the reality of agricultural soils consists of complex networks of organisms exposed to mixtures of several PPP active substances. It is therefore essential to monitor PPP residues in soils. This paper describes the ConSoil project and its proposed framework for monitoring PPP residues in Swiss Agricultural soils which includes and integrates (1) risk‐based reference values for PPP residues in soil and (2) indicators of their effects on long‐term soil fertility. For risk‐based reference values, a proposal has been developed to derive Soil Guideline Values (SGVs) for PPP residues and a mixture risk assessment concept is being developed. Regarding indicators, a toolbox of ecological and ecotoxicological indicators will be proposed to reflect the protection goal of long‐term soil fertility in agricultural soils. For this objective, standardised and/or well‐established bioindicator methods will be selected for the key soil organisms that support soil fertility. To integrate SGVs and the biomonitoring toolbox, an adapted TRIAD approach is proposed, where generic SGVs are used as a screening tool to identify monitoring sites potentially at risk and to trigger more detailed monitoring. Detailed monitoring will refine the SGVs based on site‐specific characteristics and implement the bioindicator toolbox to measure the effects of PPP residues and their risk to long‐term soil fertility. As a novel integrated framework, it is essential to use the data generated in detailed assessments to calibrate and refine the SGVs and bioindicator tools and improve the monitoring over time.

Exploring a mechanism-based approach for the identification of endocrine disruptors using Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) and New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) : A perfluorooctane sulfonic acid case study

Endocrine disruptors (EDs) pose a serious threat to human health and the environment and require a comprehensive evaluation to be identified. The identification of EDs require a substantial amount of data, both in vitro and in vivo, due to the current scientific criteria in the EU. At the same time, the EU strives to reduce animal testing due to concerns regarding animal welfare and sensitivity of animal studies to adequately detect adverse effects relevant for human health. Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) is a persistent organic pollutant that is suspected to be an ED based on academic research, however it is not identified as such from a regulatory perspective. It has previously been shown that PFOS has the potential to cause neurotoxicity as well as affect the thyroid system, and it is known that specific thyroid hormone levels are critical in the development of the brain during. In this work, the aim was to evaluate a mechanism-based approach to identify ED properties of PFOS based on the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework and using New Approach Methods (NAMs), by comparing this approach to an ED assessment based on the currently available guidance document. An AOP network (AOPN) was generated for the thyroid modality, and AOPs leading to developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) were identified. A literature search and screening process based on the AOPN, and systematic review methodology, was performed, followed by a rigorous Weight-of-Evidence (WoE) assessment. Evidence was mapped back onto the AOPN used for the literature search, to identify possible endocrine Modes-of-Action (MoAs) for PFOS and data gaps in the two assessments. It could be concluded that PFOS fulfils the criteria for ED classification in the standard ED assessment, but not in the mechanism-based assessment. The need for quantitative information, such as quantitative AOPs, for the mechanism-based approach is discussed. The possibility of a directly neurotoxic alternative MoA was also highlighted based on available in vitro data. Opportunities and challenges with implementing AOPs and NAMs into the regulatory assessment of EDs, and assessing hazard in the Next Generation Risk Assessment, is discussed. This case study exploring the mechanism-based approach to ED identification represents an important step toward more accurate and predictive assessment of EDs based on AOPs and NAMs, and to the Next Generation Risk Assessment (NGRA) concept.

Uncertainties in risk analysis and modern approaches to their reduction

The article analyzes the most common approaches to the risk assessment procedure and focuses on uncertainties at each stage of risk analysis. These uncertainties not only impede risk analysis but are also able to skew its results. The greatest impact on reliability of final risk assessments is caused by uncertainties associated with assessment of exposure, in particular, with establishing toxicological parameters in experiments and their extrapolation onto assessed population groups. An effect of a selected toxicant on a test animal sample is identified with an expected negative effect produced by it on a real human population. In addition, in laboratory experiments, in contrast to natural conditions, a population is affected only by controlled factors in small amounts. Next, the article describes some uncertainties that arise at the stage of assessing the dose-effect relationship; in studies aimed at reducing uncertainties at this stage, it is almost impossible to detect a link between pollution and diseases not declared for research purposes. The problem of toxicological assessment of mixtures is described; the article highlights that at the moment there are no data on effects produced by most known mixtures on human health or any data on possible interactions between different chemicals either. The concept of exposome is described, which is an analysis of impacts of all environmental factors on an individual throughout his lifetime. It is concluded that the existing concepts of risk assessment are applicable mainly for comparing hypothetical benefits and hypothetical damage at the population level. Given that, it seems quite relevant to develop such a concept of risk assessment that can be additionally used in planning preventive measures aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality and increasing life expectancy. At the same time, this concept should include a comprehensive assessment of mixtures affecting the body, considering the influence of natural and climatic conditions and non-specific reactions of the body.

Неопределенности при проведении риск-анализа и современные подходы к их снижению

The article analyzes the most common approaches to the risk assessment procedure and focuses on uncertainties at each stage of risk analysis. These uncertainties not only impede risk analysis but are also able to skew its results. The greatest impact on reliability of final risk assessments is caused by uncertainties associated with assessment of exposure, in particular, with establishing toxicological parameters in experiments and their extrapolation onto assessed population groups. An effect of a selected toxicant on a test animal sample is identified with an expected negative effect produced by it on a real human population. In addition, in laboratory experiments, in contrast to natural conditions, a population is affected only by controlled factors in small amounts. Next, the article describes some uncertainties that arise at the stage of assessing the dose-effect relationship; in studies aimed at reducing uncertainties at this stage, it is almost impossible to detect a link between pollution and diseases not declared for research purposes. The problem of toxicological assessment of mixtures is described; the article highlights that at the moment there are no data on effects produced by most known mixtures on human health or any data on possible interactions between different chemicals either. The concept of exposome is described, which is an analysis of impacts of all environmental factors on an individual throughout his lifetime. It is concluded that the existing concepts of risk assessment are applicable mainly for comparing hypothetical benefits and hypothetical damage at the population level. Given that, it seems quite relevant to develop such a concept of risk assessment that can be additionally used in planning preventive measures aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality and increasing life expectancy. At the same time, this concept should include a comprehensive assessment of mixtures affecting the body, considering the influence of natural and climatic conditions and non-specific reactions of the body.

Developing a Novel Read-Across Concept for Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment of Phosphate Chemicals: A Case Study.

This study introduces a novel concept approach for a read-across assessment, considering species sensitivity differences among phosphate chemicals within structurally similar compound groups. Twenty-five organic chemicals, with a log Kow of 5 or less, were categorized into three functional groups based on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition as a specific mode of action (MOA). The short-term aquatic toxicity data (LC50) for fish, crustaceans, and insects were collected from the U.S. EPA Ecotoxicology (ECOTOX) Knowledgebase. A geometric mean calculation method was applied for multiple toxic endpoints. Performance metrics for the new read-across concept, including correlation coefficient, bias, precision, and accuracy, were calculated. Overall, a slightly higher overestimation (49.2%) than underestimation (48.4%) in toxicity predictions was observed in two case studies. In Case study I, a strong positive correlation (r = 0.93) between the predicted and known toxicity values of target chemicals was observed, while in Case study II, with limited information on species and their ecotoxicity, showed a moderate correlation (r = 0.75). Overall, the bias and precision for Case study I were 0.32 ± 0.01, while Case study II showed 0.65 ± 0.06; however, the relative bias (%) increased from 37.65% (Case study I) to 91.94% (Case study II). Bland-Altman plots highlight the mean differences of 1.33 (Case study I) and 1.24 (Case study II), respectively. The new read-across concept, focusing on AChE inhibition and structural similarity, demonstrated good reliability, applicability, and accuracy with minimal bias. Future studies are needed to evaluate various types of chemical substances, diverse modes of action, functional groups, toxic endpoints, and test species to ensure overall comprehensiveness and robustness in toxicity predictions.

Procedural concept for complex risk assessment in a multinational company in Romania

Globally, the process of assessing the risks to the health and safety of workers is implemented through the use of hundreds of dedicated tools, used in a flexible and complementary way, according to clearly specified criteria. Unfortunately, in the national practice of occupational risk assessment, only one method has become generalized, which is used in a proportion of 90-95%, and the major problem is that often it is not even applied only formally. This paper has an ambitious goal, aiming to offer practitioners in our country a case study on good practice on the procedural structure for achieving and capitalizing on the results of risk assessment, in a manner that is both complex and pragmatic. The concept proposed and successfully implemented at the investigated multinational company, offers a major potential to improve the management of occupational safety and health in economic organizations, regardless of their size, form of ownership or other categories of conditioning.

Risk management in safety standards and environmental management issues of housing construction

At present, the threat of technogenesis is not weakening despite the measures taken to reduce the levels of negative impact on the environment. In this regard, the authors analyze the standardization of risk management as an effective tool for monitoring the safety of not only design decisions in housing construction, but also any economic activity. The article discusses the safety aspects set out in Russian standards (GOSTs) and international guidelines. The analyzed regulatory documentation answers the question of how to achieve an acceptable level of risk. The basic concepts of risk assessment are given. There are positive changes in state standards in the safety area. Federal Law N7 regulates the leadership of the employer, and not his responsibility. As part of the improvement of environmental management for housing construction, the use of certain penalties, interest fines and forfeits looks quite natural. The main goal of the international standard ISO 14001 is not to point out the need for managers to have leadership qualities as the main factor in ensuring environmental safety for the construction industry, but to form a responsible attitude towards the environment and natural resources as the most important asset of economic activity. The article raises the issue that risk analysts cannot be fully guided by domestic standards due to their lack of development and inconsistency with the universal international documents ISO 31000:2018 "Risk management - Guidelines" and ISO 14001:2016 "Environmental management systems". A special risk assessment approach should be developed that describes the interaction of various scenarios, which will provide an increased environmental and economic effect in the field of housing construction safety.

Ketahanan Lingkungan Dan Adaptasi Sosial Dalam Konteks Perubahan Iklim Di Kabupaten Provinsi Sumatera Selatan

Climate change affects agriculture through its impact on plant growth, development and yield. Research on indications of climate change and its impact on rice production in Indonesia in South Sumatra This research aims to examine climate change and its impacts on rice production in Indonesia. This study uses data from temperature, bulk rain, agroclimate, and rice production as well as socio-economic data. Methodology This research is an explanatory descriptive study using the concept of risk assessment where risk (risk) is a function of danger (hazard) and vulnerability (vulnerability). Study results shows that in Indonesia there has been climate change with indications of increasing temperature, changes in rainfall patterns, changes in hitergraphs, and changes in Oldeman classification.

Risk analysis and management according to Russian and international safety standards

The paper analyzes the safety aspects outlined in national standards. The considered normative documentation answers the question of how to achieve acceptable risk levels. The basic concepts of risk assessment are presented. Positive changes in Russian safety standards are noted. There is no unified code in the legislation of the Russian Federation on environmental issues: there are federal laws, codes on certain environmental areas, as well as bylaws and legal acts of the subjects of the Russian Federation. Federal Law No. 7 “On Environmental Protection” should be mentioned among the main laws related to the regulation of environmental safety in construction. However, this law regulates the employer's leadership rather than their responsibility. The use of certain fines and penalties seems quite reasonable within the framework of improving environmental audit and management. At the same time, the international standard ISO 14001:2015 is aimed at forming a responsible attitude toward the ecosystem and natural resources as the most important asset of economic activity, rather than at specifying the need for managers to demonstrate leadership qualities as the main factor of environmental safety. As a result, risk analysts cannot be fully guided by the standards because they are not aligned with the universal international standard ISO 31000:2018, which creates a significant problem. An approach to risk assessment that describes the interaction of different scenarios should be developed, which will provide an increased ecological and economic effect.

Research on risk assessment method of dust explosion in electrostatic powder coating firms

Due to the low ignition energy and high explosion pressure of the electrostatic powder coating used, the powder spraying industry is very susceptible to dust explosion. Based on the fundamental concepts of risk assessment and the actual procedure, this study develops a dust explosion risk assessment indicator system for electrostatic powder coating firms to address the shortcomings of existing dust explosion risk assessment methods in handling weight objectivity and information uncertainty. The index system includes three first-level indicators of dust explosion severity, possibility, and safety management, as well as 8 s-level indicators and 26 third-level indicators. The indicator weights are acquired using the Structural Entropy Weighting Method (SEWM), which increases the objectivity of the computing results. D numbers theory is used to handle uncertainty in expert evaluation data in the best possible way. Eventually, a thorough approach for evaluating the dangers of dust explosion in electrostatic powder coating operations is developed. It shows that the procedure is likely to produce assessment results that reflect reality. Therefore, the company's daily safety inspections are underpinned by on-site investigations and risk assessments of powder coating companies. The results are of great significance in improving the dust explosion prevention capability of firms.

ОБРАЩЕНИЕ К ЧИТАТЕЛЯМ СПЕЦИАЛЬНОГО ВЫПУСКА ЖУРНАЛА, ПОСВЯЩЕННОГО "X СЪЕЗДУ КАРДИОЛОГОВ СИБИРСКОГО ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО ОКРУГА"

The issue of the “Baikal Medical Journal” brought to your attention contains materials from the X Anniversary Congress of Cardiologists of the Siberian Federal District, which was held in Irkutsk on September 7-9, 2023 under the motto “SIBERIAN CARDIOLOGY 2023: NEW CHALLENGES AND WAYS OF DEVELOPMENT.” The congress was held for the first time in Irkutsk. Its program is dedicated to solving pressing problems of cardiological science and practice, developing measures to reduce morbidity and mortality from diseases of the circulatory system in Siberia. The collection presents the results of fundamental and clinical studies of leading Siberian scientific cardiological schools in Irkutsk, Tomsk, Novosibirsk, Kemerovo, Novokuznetsk, Barnaul, Chita, Tyumen. The topics of the materials are varied and include issues of prevention and treatment of myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, arterial hypertension, and atrial fibrillation. Current and contemporary problems of cardio-oncology, psychosomatics, cardiogenetics, biomarker concept of risk assessment, damage to the cardiovascular system in COVID-19, and cardiometabolic syndrome are discussed. The results of research in the field of epidemiology and primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases are presented. The experience of organizing cardiological services at the regional level is summarized. A description of interesting clinical cases is provided. The presented materials will be of interest to a wide range of cardiologists and therapists, researchers in the field of cardiology, graduate students, residents and students. The editors of the journal would like to thank all the authors who submitted their works.

Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental Risk Assessment: Review of Concepts, Steps and Significance

Environmental Impact Assessment is an assessment of the possible positive or negative impact a proposed project will have on the environment, considering the natural, social and economic aspects. while Environmental risk assessment assess the likelihood of your business activities or operation causing harm to the environment, it involves the process of assessing the risk human activities may have on the environment, the environment here includes human beings (health hazards impact) and ecology (impacts on fauna and flora). This includes describing potential hazards and impacts before taking precautions to reduce the associated risks. . It uses similar techniques to the health and safety risk assessment your business already has to perform. A risk assessment typically involves many steps and forms the backbone of the overall risk management plan. A risk analysis is one of those steps—the one in which you determine the defining characteristics of each risk and assign each a score based on your findings. The major differences between environmental impact assessment and environmental risk assessment includes the following: While environmental impact assessment is a broad field that includes all activities that attempt to analyze and evaluate the effects of human and related actions on the environment, risk assessment are generally concerned with the relatively well-defined regulatory problems and employs formal quantitative analysis of the potential risk. This paper highlights the concept of environmental impact assessment and environmental risk assessment, their steps and significance and gives the case histories of both environmental impact assessment and environmental risk assessment.

An advanced decision-making model for determining ship domain size with a combination of MCDM and fuzzy logic

The ship domain is a critical and practical concept for both collision risk assessment and planning of collision avoidance action at sea. This study presents a new methodology that combines Fuzzy Logic and Analytic Hierarchy Process for determining the ship domain, especially for open waters.The model considers various factors such as ship speed, manoeuvrability, encounter type, etc., which are critical for determining ship domain size and shape. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model, numerical experiments and comparative implementations with existing models were conducted. Through experimental analysis in different scenarios, the results demonstrate that the proposed model can be effectively used for collision risk assessment. Finally, the model will contribute to ship movement safety, collision risk assessment, and collision avoidance action planning. Moreover, the framework proposed in this study may provide a typical perspective for further research of ship domain.

ASSESSMENT AND RISK MANAGEMENT OF THE TESTING LABORATORY

The article considers the procedure for the quality management system of the testing laboratory – risk assessment and management. The current documentation on the basis of which this procedure was developed is provided. The concept of risk assessment and the purpose of this assessment are defined. An example of a risk register for a testing laboratory is also provided. The scheme of risk analysis in the testing laboratory according to the method (FMECA) is given. Recommendations are given for classifying the severity of consequences, the probability of occurrence, the probability of detecting a risk, and establishing the level of risk. Actions are determined when a critical level of risk is reached. As a result of work in the testing laboratory of JSC “LIT-FONON”, an instruction “Assessment and risk management” was developed.

Chronicles of security risk assessment in process industries: Past, present and future perspectives

Security incidents around the world causes enormous loss in terms of life, economy, and environment. The 9/11 ′triggered the serious onset of research initiatives in the field of security with a more specific focus on the protection of high sensitive and hazardous facilities. It is well known that technology is advancing in a very rapid phase, proportionally increasing the security risk of the facilities. Conventional deterministic risk techniques widely found their applications in the earlier stage but owing to the increasing dynamic nature of the security risk, probabilistic dynamic risk assessment models were developed over time. In this article, the authors attempted to present the evolution of security risk concepts, their present status, and their future scope in a precise and consolidated form. The last 20 years of development in the security risk assessment concept involving deterministic and dynamic risk assessment models and applications in security risk assessment relevant to physical security are discussed in this article. The objective of the article is to outline the past, current and future directions of security risk highlighting their strength, weakness and limitations.

Modeling Stakeholders’ Perceptions in Participatory Multi-risk Assessment on a Deltaic Environment Under Climate Change Conditions

Modern concepts in water resources management and related risk assessment necessitate participatory approaches with stakeholders having a key role in the respective processes. The objective of the article is to (i) integrate stakeholders’ opinions and preferences on identified hazards, i.e., coastal flooding, water scarcity, and heat stress, derived by physically based numerical modeling under current and future climate change conditions and attributed in the form of an Integrated deltaic risk index (IDRI) at a specific case study area, and (ii) investigate whether and how the stakeholders’ opinions differentiate the initial outputs coming from the mathematical models. Doing so, stakeholders’ mapping was conducted in tandem with interviews for the detection of responsibilities, tasks, importance, and influence, followed by a structured questionnaire for registering the stakeholders’ perception on climate change impacts and relevant estimated hazards at the same deltaic case study area. Thereafter, a stakeholder-based risk assessment model was constructed based on two methods: (a) stakeholders’ opinion and answers about the impact of each identified hazard are equally taken into consideration, and (b) stakeholders are divided into groups and evaluated through multi-criteria analysis. Finally, the produced weights by the two methods are appropriately coupled with the identified hazards and resulted in the development of a Stakeholder Participatory multi-Risk Index (SPmRI) per method. The comparison of the produced SPmRIs with the IDRI, which was formulated without considering any stakeholders’ participation, reveals noticeable differentiation of modeled outputs especially in cases of high index values, corroborating the need for stakeholders’ opinion inclusion through the SPmRI approach. The proposed methodology fosters the interaction of stakeholders’ perception with modeling-based hazard assessment as a modern tool for decision-making processes.

Estrogen upregulates DNA2 expression through the PI3K-AKT pathway in endometrial carcinoma.

Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological malignancy, affecting up to 3% of women at some point during their lifetime (Morice et al., 2016; Li and Wang, 2021). Based on the pathogenesis and biological behavioral characteristics, endometrial cancer can be divided into estrogen-dependent (I) and non-estrogen-dependent (II) types (Ulrich, 2011). Type I accounts for approximately 80% of cases, of which the majority are endometrioid carcinomas, and the remaining are mucinous adenocarcinomas (Setiawan et al., 2013). It is generally recognized that long-term stimulation by high estrogen levels with the lack of progesterone antagonism is the most important risk factor; meanwhile, there is no definite conclusion on the specific pathogenesis. The incidence of endometrial cancer has been on the rise during the past two decades (Constantine et al., 2019; Gao et al., 2022; Luo et al., 2022). Moreover, the development of assisted reproductive technology and antiprogestin therapy following breast cancer surgery has elevated the risk of developing type I endometrial cancer to a certain extent (Vassard et al., 2019). Therefore, investigating the influence of estrogen in type I endometrial cancer may provide novel concepts for risk assessment and adjuvant therapy, and at the same time, provide a basis for research on new drugs to treat endometrial cancer.

Research оn healthcare oxygen measures during the COVID-19 pandemic: latest trends and current priorities

Medical oxygen is a critically needed medicine in the treatment of coronavirus disease. During out breaks of the COVID-19 pandemic, the needs of health care institutions for medical oxygen increase by 5-6 times. The issue of the reliable functioning of the oxygen supply system of health care institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic is extremely urgent and requires systematic research.
 The purpose of the work was to conduct research on measures to provide oxygen to health care facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic, to establish risk factors in its production and supply, and to determine priority directions for guaranteeing the ability to provide medical assistance in the treatment of coronavirus disease.
 The methods of systematic approach, bibliographic, information search, marketing analysis, as well as generalization and analysis were used during the research.
 The study showed that medical use of oxygen as a medicine, oxygen produced by medical devices, and technical oxygen was allowed at the state level. Domestic manufacturers produce medical oxygen that meets all regulatory requirements for medicinal products. In Ukraine, 36 drugs based on medical oxygen are registered, the production of which is carried out by 26 enterprises that have licenses for the production of medicinal products. During the pandemic, it was allowed for medical use of technical oxygen, which should meet the quality indicators of medical oxygen. The use of oxygen, which is produced by medical devices, which include oxygen generators and oxygen concentrators, which must meet the requirements of the Technical Regulations, became a significant measure for the expansion of oxygen therapy.
 During the implementation of all measures to provide oxygen, there are risks of a national and branch nature, as well as specific risks associated with the characteristics of different types of oxygen (oxygen as a medicine, oxygen produced by medical devices, technical oxygen). The identified list of risks and their analysis in the provision of oxygen to health care facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic will provide an opportunity to develop the concept of general risk assessment and risk management processes to guarantee the ability to provide adequate medical care in the treatment of coronavirus disease.

AN ORIGINAL CONCEPT OF MEASURING COMMUNITY RISK BY BUILDING SOCIAL RESILIENCE

An element that can influence the actual value of risk is social resilience, however, the value of the impact of the main components of social resilience on risk is not known. The motivation for addressing the topic was the desire to develop a tool to measure social resilience in the community. The aim of the study was to determine the outflow of social resilience to community risk. Through an analysis of the literature, the main components of social resilience were classified, and then, using cause-and-effect relationships, individual activities affecting social resilience were extracted. The author of the paper anticipated that this concept could serve as a starting point for a more complex form of calculation and criteria. It should be noted that social resilience is a factor that affects both the probability of events and the consequences. The author’s concept of community risk assessment taking into account social resilience is an open concept for editing. This concept requires classifying elements that build social resilience and providing them with standards, in which they should occur.