Concept Of National Security Research Articles

Special-purpose programs to strengthen national food system in regions of the Russian Federation

The national food system is currently a priority in the economic and social security of the regions in the Russian Federation and the state as a whole. The article specifies the concept of national security as a strategic direction for the development of a modern state, as well as tasks and role of special-purpose programs to ensure the security. The special-purpose programs applied to develop regional food security, its legislative support, and institutional component have been analyzed. Special-purpose programs implemented in the regions of Russia in frameworks of investment projects for strengthening the food security have been demonstrated. The article also reveals a number of relevant problems limiting the regional food security using special-purpose programs; and the ways for its optimization have been proposed.

Empirical Research on Youth National Security Cognition Level Based on Cloud Model

Focusing on the development level, existing problems and cultivation path of the overall national security concept of young people has become an urgent issue of the times. In order to evaluate the national security cognition level of young people, this paper constructs a systematic evaluation system and improves the existing evaluation methods. Based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, grey relational analysis and the TOPSIS, a combined evaluation model based on cloud model is constructed, which takes into account the fuzziness and randomness in the evaluation process. Through the analysis of the examples and the verification of the mean square error, this new evaluation method has obvious superiority over the traditional evaluation method. The results show that the current national security awareness of young people is relatively weak, and the overall level of awareness is at a moderately low level.

STATE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT IN THE SPHERE OF NATIONAL SECURITY AND DEFENCE

The state policy on the management of objects of intellectual property right in the sphere of national security and defense is considered.Under the current conditions, national security is unconceivable without solving the problematic issues of intellectual property management and creating the necessary preconditions for the development of intellectual potential and its use for national security.At present, the concept of national security is being expanded to include more and more spheres of public life. New security settings related to the scientific and technological revolution have started to play an important role.Nowadays, issues of the formation of an effective state policy for ensuring national security in all its spheres and manifestations are of great importance. An important component of the mechanism for the formation and implementation of state policy in the field of national security should be the provision of intellectual property management.However, national security legislation does not provide for the development of a strategy or other programmatic document on scientific and technical security, which would envisage measures to ensure the protection of the scientific and intellectual potential of the state, competitive technologies available in the country.The question at issue is the fact that the state has not yet developed a national strategy for the protection of intellectual property, which would provide the protection of interests and rights of all subjects of intellectual property rights, and especially the state. Although the attempts to develop such a strategy were carried out repeatedly. The state system of intellectual property protection and the effectiveness of providingnational interests with its structural elements, in particular in the field of national security and defense, are investigated. Current problems in this area are explored and suggestions are made to resolve them.There exists a necessity for creation of the central executive authority, the main task of which should be the formation and implementation of the state policy on the protection and management of intellectual property, as well as the state body, which, on behalf of the state and in its interests, will execute the ownership rights of the objects of intellectual property rights that are in state property.

Security of the State and National Security. Main Research Positions and the Practice of the Polish Legislator

The author is of the opinion that the commonly accepted view about the identity, the concept, and the content of state security and national security in Poland is burdened with numerous flaws, which is confirmed by the legislative practice, planning, and the organizational activity of the state. The author poses a question whether mutual relationships between the concepts of state security and national security exist in the views of Polish theorists and in Polish legislation and, if they do, what they are. Of the methods of establishing the identity of state and national security and the mutual relationship between these terms, one of the ways to see the complexity of the issue is to refer to legislation. The author puts forward a hypothesis that both Polish law and the practical planning and organizational activities of public administration and other entities provide many arguments that these concepts are not identical, but there are strong axiological, epistemological, and ontological links between them. The author is convinced that determination of the domain of the concepts in question and the relationships between them will make it easier for public administration bodies to plan, organize, and carry out specific tasks in the field of security.

La utilidad de una concepción de seguridad nacional moderna y dinámica, en la lucha contra el crimen organizado en América Latina

En el actual panorama de seguridad latinoamericano adquiere particular relevancia la criminalidad organizada, con un nítido correlato de violencia. Para enfrentar con eficacia esta situación, las naciones de la región han realizado importantes esfuerzos, que hasta hoy no ha arrojado los resultados esperados, de acuerdo a la propia Organización de Estados Americanos.El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en plantear la utilidad que puede reportar un moderno enfoque de seguridad nacional, amplio y abarcativo, para realizar un abordaje integral al flagelo de la criminalidad en la región. Ese enfoque debe trascender las perspectivas tradicionales de seguridad pública, que enfatizan en la prevención y represión del delito, para incluir además lecturas multicausales más amplias, propias de la seguridad ciudadana. El punto de vista de la seguridad ciudadana permite detectar tres factores de clara incidencia directa en la difusión y profundización de la criminalidad organizada en América Latina: la corrupción, la impunidad y la fragilidad estatal con insuficiente gobernabilidad.Nuestro análisis sostiene que en América Latina es posible adoptar una concepción de seguridad nacional moderna y dinámica, lejos de la controvertida Doctrina de la Seguridad Nacional de la Guerra Fría. Esa concepción debe reconocer la heterogeneidad de amenazas y riesgos contemporáneos, y que combine seguridad pública y seguridad ciudadana en la lucha contra el crimen organizado. Argentina, Guatemala y México son ejemplos de la adopción de modernos enfoques de este tipo, perfectamente compatibles con la vigencia del sistema democrático y el respeto a los derechos humanos.El artículo se estructura en una introducción, un desarrollo dividido en tres partes, y unas breves conclusiones. En el desarrollo, primero se revisarán algunas cuestiones atinentes a la criminalidad latinoamericana, identificando tres elementos que inciden en su crecimiento y expansión, y que son abordables desde una perspectiva de seguridad ciudadana. Luego se describirán los límites y contenidos del moderno concepto seguridad nacional, señalando que sus alcances pueden incluir el combate al crimen organizado. En tercer lugar, identificaremos y describiremos someramente tres casos de aplicación en América Latina de una concepción moderna de seguridad nacional que incluyen, dentro de sus áreas de incumbencia, a la criminalidad organizada.

REVISIÓN CRÍTICA DE LA MIGRACIÓN IRREGULAR COMO RIESGO A LA SEGURIDAD NACIONAL

El fenómeno de las “caravanas migrantes” ha generado que el estado Mexicano gestione los flujos acogiéndose al mandato de seguridad nacional pues ejecuta acciones que se sustentan en su defensa, como lo evidencia la participación activa de las fuerzas armadas bajo la figura de la Guardia Nacional. A partir de ello se analizan los marcos normativos aplicables, a fin de determinar la dualidad de su carácter: el atinente al discurso de prevalencia irrestricta de los Derechos Humanos y el que se refiere a la naturaleza securitaria y policiaca tanto del (INM Instituto Nacional de Migración) como de la política migratoria en su conjunto. Dualidad que se percibe como contradictoria, excluyente, pero sobre todo difusa, ante la variedad, oscuridad y ambigüedad del discurso normativo relativo a la(s) seguridad(es) en México. Aquí se analiza a través de la teoría de la Encriptación del Poder (Méndez y Sanín, 2012) la función de la noción de seguridad nacional en el derecho migratorio y la elasticidad de la misma para adecuarse a las situaciones históricas concretas, teniendo en cuenta que dicha noción, podría ubicarse entre aquéllas que resultan impensables fuera de la simbiosis modernidad-colonialidad que articula la teoría a utilizar.

Contribution of Jordanian Civil Society Institutions to the Enhancement of Ideological Security among University Students

The study identifies the contribution of Jordanian civil society institutions to the enhancement of political trends that signify the beginnings of democracy. This leads to constructive and innovative thought by ensuring freedom of opinion and expression, while the absence of democracy generates a state of political and ideological despotism. The loss of basic rights and freedom of individuals negatively affects political stability of countries’ religious and moral trends, as well as developmental trends which represent an enhancement of ideological security. Ideological security is a key issue in any society due to its association with the concept of national security. The researchers in this study adopt a quantitative approach in which a questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection. The study sample consisted of 1093 male and female students who were chosen by multistage sampling. The study instrument consisted of two parts: first, the demographic variables; and second, the 24 items that measured the process of enhancing ideological security with its three dimensions. The responses to the items were measured according to the Likert five-point scale. The study had several results. First, there is a low level of contribution from Jordanian civil society institutions to the enhancement of ideological security on the whole, and enhancing each trend in particular. The first part addresses the formation of ideological conceptualization, while the second part focuses on analyzing the dimensions of societal processing with the contribution of religious, educational, familial, security, and media institutions, whereas the third part emphasizes several future recommendations that are suggested by the researcher. Second, there are no differences in the level of the contribution of Jordanian civil society institutions to the enhancement of political, religious and, moral trends, while there is a difference regarding the level of contribution of Jordanian civil society institutions to the enhancement of developmental trends according to the variable of gender in favor of females. Third, there are differences in the level of contribution of the Jordanian civil society institutions to the enhancement of ideological security for each of the three domains: political, developmental, and religious, in particular, as well as all the domains as a whole in terms of the variable of membership of civil society institutions and these differences were in favor of the students who were not members of these institutions.

Criteria of Social and Economic Security for Russia and its Regions in a New Reality

The task of determining the criteria of economic security for our country as a whole and each of its regions is of particular importance today in conditions of growing economic and social problems in post-pandemic Russia. The Russian management practice already has some experience in applying the criteria of economic security at the national level in the period from 1996 to 2007. The cancellation of the monitoring the economic security indicators became a serious management mistake, because the government lost control of the monitoring the security of the Russian economics from internal and external threats. The Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation in 2019 made attempt to restore the monitoring system of the actual and forecast level of economic security by the most important indicators. Today in a real crisis situation we observe objective prerequisites for the adjusting of the conditions for ensuring national security, and the social factor occupies an increasingly significant place in the formation of its target and maximum permissible values. The article offers the author’s vision of the development of the concept of national socio-economic security, approaches to the formation of a unified system of assessment criteria for socio-economic security at the federal and subfederal levels, as well as managerial reforms, which are necessary in these conditions.

Философия реформ и государственно-правового строительства МВД Киргизской Республики

The author analyzes the reasons for the failed reforms of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Kyrgyz Republic for the entire time of the sovereignty of the Kyrgyz Republic and suggests examining the issues of state–legal construction of the Ministry of Internal Affairs on the proposed classic by this topic in Russia, Professor Yu. E. Avrutin’s philosophical plan: in line with axiology, epistemology and ontology. The author, based on a philosophical approach, concludes that at present the only normative document defining the main guidelines for reforming the Ministry of Internal Affairs is the 2012 National Security Concept of the Kyrgyz Republic.

Social diagnostics of information security of digital society: methodological and regulatory aspects

A holistic expert method of social diagnostics of information security of the Russian society, which in its methodological and regulatory framework is based on the concept of national security, as the ability of state and public institutions to resist threats to the interests of the individual, society and the state has been presented. The essence of digital society as an object of protection from adverse effects at the technological level (computer, software and hardware base of digital communications), as well as at the level of content distributed in the information and communication network “Internet” has been stated. The subjects of virtual communication in terms of their capabilities and practice of protection from adverse information impact have been described. The characteristic of various situations of social interaction, which may be threatened by unauthorized access to personal information – in financial, economic and official relations, – has been given.A separate analysis has been made of the status of officials-subjects of the implementation of state powers in the authorities, which may be particularly vulnerable in the weak regulation © The Author(s), 2019. This is an open access article under the CC BY 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). of malicious dissemination of false information in the information and communication network “Internet”. Special attention has been paid to the substantiation of the possibilities of early detection of information threats to the functioning of basic social institutions – social trust and stability of social relations, solidarity, civilizational identity, interfaith peace and tolerance in a complex society.The author’s methodology has been presented in the article as a sociological research technology that includes the interpretation and operationalization of groups of information threats enshrined in the state concept of national security, the correct application of expert procedures to assess security against these threats, as well as the subsequent mathematical-statistical and logical interpretation of the data obtained. The proposals for the use of methods of social diagnostics of information security in the practice of social management in the process of transformation of modern society on the basis of digital technologies have been explained.

Military, Civilian, or Both: David Ben-Gurion’s Perception of National Security After the War of Independence

Over the years, attempts to define the notion of national security in terms of what it means and what it represents have ranged from a classical, purely military definition, to a broader multidimensional concept encompassing a range of different features. Studies on Israel’s national security concept have tended to emphasize the formative role played by David Ben-Gurion, Israel’s first prime minister and defense minister. These works have focused on the military aspects of the national security concept, based on arguments concerning the perceived threat of wartime engagements with Arab armies. This article argues that Ben-Gurion’s national security concept was essentially a civilian perspective with military features that responded to the four types of threats, local, regional, international, and Jewish, facing the State of Israel at the time, most of which were not military.

Evolución del concepto de seguridad en la República del Ecuador: desde una perspectiva de seguridad nacional hacia la seguridad integral

El concepto de seguridad integral incluido en la Constitución de la República del Ecuador del 2008 se ha convertido en un nuevo paradigma en el marco de la conceptualización de la política pública frente a las amenazas que afectan al individuo, el entorno y la organización política ecuatoriana. Así pues, esta nueva percepción procura sustituir el antiguo concepto de seguridad nacional desarrollado durante la Guerra Fría, centrado en la protección del estado, hacia una noción más antropocéntrica que amplía la noción de seguridad a partir de la protección del individuo y su relación con el medio ambiente, en el marco de un estado garante de derechos. El estudio analiza la evolución del concepto de seguridad nacional hacia la nueva construcción de seguridad integral. En este marco se utilizará el método descriptivo que permitirá una recolección sistémica de las diferentes normativas que coadyuvarán a describir las características de cada uno de estos momentos históricos.

Reshaping European and national security in a post COVID – 19 context

AbstractThe COVID-19 crisis, undoubtedly, raised a series of questions concerning aspects of national and human security. The crisis impact, per se, tested, in extremis, the medical systems and the political capacity to take swift decisions needed to protect the population. It is a general accepted thesis that the world will face a second wave of effects: economic and systemic. Regarding the last aspect, the current international system is constructed around many principles among them, relevant for our research are, global governance and national sovereignty. The manner in which the two concepts operate was tested during the pandemic. On one hand the international system of global governance failed to ensure a higher level of human security when facing a crisis. On the other hand, states were left to tackle the effects of the pandemic, more or less alone, as the entire international system was paralyzed. In this context state had to turn to classic concepts of national security, egocentric and protectionist, but needed to ensure one of its fundamental functions – providing the security of its citizens.As others crisis are expected to unfold in a domino like effect, redefining national security will be essential for states and regional organizations. But in this process decisions could collide with assumed international obligations. In this context the article explores this impact of the COVID 19 over the how states define their national security concepts. In this context a special attention will be given, as an example, to the industry sector in the context of the green deal, as European states will be pioneering in implementing new standards in climate protection policies that will affect certain sectors of the economy. Rethinking the national security agenda will certainly face aspects which impose the protection of certain sectors that have a higher negative impact over climate change.

К ВОПРОСУ ОБ ЭТНОПОЛИТИЧЕСКИХ АСПЕКТАХ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ

author in the article considers the concept of national security, its non-traditional forms, which include ethnopolitical security, as well as a comparative analysis of the ethnopolitical aspects of sustainable development by considering the examples the region of Central Asia and the EU

Covid-19 As A Non-Traditional Threat To Human Security

December 2019 marks a change in the perception of security itself because the enemy is invisible in the form of a virus that can endanger human survival. In this article, the author wants to discuss changes in the perception of "threat" in security from a "visible" threat to an "invisible" threat. Library research was used by the author in this article. The author uses three concepts as the development of security, namely traditional security concept, non-traditional security concept, and national security concept to analyze the case. The findings show that invisible threat in the form of virus or pandemic does not need military readiness as in traditional security. It rather needs a good healthcare system as part of the national resilience of a country in facing threat.

The Concept of National Security and Legal Measures to Ensure It

The article analyzes the legal content of the term national security and provides the views of some authors on this concept. The interests and priorities of ensuring national security in the Russian Federation, the main threats to these priorities are highlighted, and measures to ensure certain interests and priorities are analyzed.

Does the Economic Security of the Russian Speaking Minority Threaten the Latvian National Security?

The core of this paper is aiming at the economic security of the Russian minority in Latvia. The Russian minorities are representing the potentially vulnerable part in Baltics security because of the collapse of the USSR that led to the disputes between the Russian minority and “local” Baltics citizens. Thus, the economic conditions mean the crucial point for allaying the disputes and improving the security, therefore, the Russian minority in Latvia won’t tend to be integrated back to Russia. With this mind, the inquiry of the economic conditions of the Russian minority should depict if the economic security of the Latvian Russians jeopardizes the national security of Latvia. The paper is anchored on the concept of national security and economic security. The research is comparing and evaluating progress. Thus, the utilization of the comparative and process-tracing methods should endorse to explicate how the Latvian- Russians are doing in comparison with Latvians and evaluate progress during the time. Despite that the conditions of the Russian minority are constantly improving, we should not underestimate them since they have not reached the level of Latvians yet.

建设边防安全文化须贯彻总体国家安全观

建设边防安全文化须贯彻总体国家安全观

On Security Mechanism in China and US: Comparison and Practices

It is understood to all national states that national security system serves as an essential role in security mechanism. Both United State and China have confronted security challenges from home and abroad. As for the US, since the founding of the country and especially after US has engaged in global affairs, with the shift of national security and security realities, the security constitutional system has undergone several major adjustments. The National Security Act, which was passed by congress in 1947, has created a new organ named National Security Council to integrate the Defense and Intelligence Agencies and build a new security constitution system. After the 9/11 incident, the US congress passed the PATRIOT Act, which has greatly expanded the security powers of the President. With regards to China, China has a long history of safeguarding its territorial integrity, so it is obvious that China focuses more on traditional threats since 1949. After its reform and opening-up policy, the international environment has become more complex and the protection of non-traditional security has become more prominent. Since China has entered a new era in 21st century, various laws and regulations targeting the traditional and non-traditional threat has been enacted. From a historic perspective and comparative approach, this paper finds that China is learning the practices and legislation experiences from countries like United states to actively build a legal system for national security and form a more efficient and integrated security mechanism. in addition, a security constitutional system with the core of overall national security concept is beginning to take shape. China is building a comprehensive security system to address both traditional and non-traditional national threats.

КОНЦЕПЦІЯ РЕЛІГІЙНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ: МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ ПІДХОДИ АКАДЕМІЧНОГО РЕЛІГІЄЗНАВСТВА

The article considers the methodological approaches used by academic religious scholars in forming the concept of religious security, in particular in Ukraine. A complete and holistic strategy or program "Religious security of Ukraine" does not yet exist, but it is being actively developed. In general, security is understood as a state in which no one and nothing threatens anyone or anything. The authors define the religious security of Ukraine as the protection of its spiritual and religious space from aggression, destruction, interference, imposition, coercion, correction, etc. by other non-Ukrainian structures, organizations, states, people who are aimed at blur and the destruction of the Ukrainian world, reducing its resistance to all other worlds. The authors analyze in detail the external and internal factors of religious security of Ukraine, which threaten its independence and autonomy, individual and collective identity. Based on this analysis, it is concluded that the Concept of national and religious security should contain provisions that ensure the free confession of faith by every citizen of Ukraine with the freedom of the religious communities functioning. The authors formulate the methodological approaches of Ukrainian academic religious studies that will allow to build this Concept. Among them: 1) worldview focus on building Ukrainian world, which is understood as a society dominated by Ukrainian values, Ukrainian visions, constructively change post-Soviet and Russian stereotypes and forms of interaction between people and social structures to specifically Ukrainian; 2) upholding the value of religious freedom and the plurality of religious life in Ukraine; 3) to affirm the openness of the religions existing in Ukraine, when one or another religious system is not closed to different tradition, but is open for communication with other institutions of both the secular and religious world; 4) to practice a new format of communication, which is possible only through and in the form of dialogue: dialogue between Church and State, Church and society, Church and Church; 5) to assist the state and its representatives in implementing the policy of equality with regard to religious organizations; 6) rely on the professionalism of experts and the responsibility of the media in objective coverage, scientific analysis and large-scale dissemination of information about the religious life of Ukraine. All this should contribute to the dominance of stability, predictability, legality, mutual understanding and cooperation of representatives of both the religious and state spheres, both secular and religious segments of Ukrainian society.