Concept Of Episteme Research Articles

The Historicity of Economic Sciences: The Main Epistemological Ruptures

The object of this work is threefold: it consists (a) in explaining and justifying, based on Foucault's concept of episteme, the epistemological foundations from which Classical Economics, Keynesian Economics and Neoclassical Economics were built; (b) in studying the nature of the epistemological ruptures that allow differentiating these schools; and (c) in defining the degree of incommensurability of these different paradigms. In the first part, I will define the main epistemological tools that allow studying the birth and evolution of science. In the second part, I will study the nature of the epistemological ruptures that characterize these evolutions and these different schools.

COVİD-19 İNFODEMİSİNDE BİYOPOLİTİKA VE NEOLİBERAL YÖNETİMSELLİK: BİR SALGININ EPİSTEMESİ

The COVID-19 pandemic that emerged in Wuhan, China in 2019 has led to a global crisis with significant loss of lives. However, in addition to this health crisis, it has also given rise to a parallel crisis - an infodemic reminiscent of the political deception during the post-truth era in 2016. The primary aim of this study is to discuss the epistemic foundations of fake news spread during the COVID-19 pandemic through the concepts of biopolitics and neoliberal governance by Michel Foucault, and to reveal the impact of this fake news on the responsibilities of governments and companies related to the pandemic. Drawing inspiration from Foucault's concept of episteme, the study aims to understand how misinformation related to the pandemic shaped within a conceptual framework rooted in neoliberal governance. Furthermore, specific to this study, eight categories such as competition, inequality, vaccine nationalism, individualization, society's alignment with market logic, the embedding of science with capital, the dominance of popular culture, surveillance have been formulated to identify the epistemic codes of fake news related to the pandemic. This framework will be used to comprehend the socio-cultural impacts of the infodemic during the pandemic and shed light on the potential corrosive effects of this misinformation on the responsibilities of governments and companies.

Relevance and its epistemic underpinnings in B2B marketing research: four axioms and nine relevance types

PurposeThis study aims to explore what characteristics contribute to the definition of relevance in business-to-business (B2B) marketing research and how/why different strands of B2B marketing maintain or lose their relevance.Design/methodology/approachThis study is conceptual. It adopts a performative-phenomenal standpoint for B2B marketing research and approaches relevance through the concept of episteme, which is considered pivotal for understanding this phenomenon.FindingsThis study proposes four axioms that define the characteristics of relevance in B2B marketing research and discusses their implications for scholars and practitioners. Consequently, an action plan for revitalizing B2B marketing research is developed, comprising learning and temporal dimensions, resulting in nine different relevance types.Research limitations/implicationsThe central argument put forward in this study is that different research strands of B2B marketing have deeply rooted epistemic underpinnings that influence their interpretation of relevance. Consequently, fostering dialogue between practitioners and scholars is considered necessary to sustain relevance in B2B marketing research. B2B scholars are urged to think beyond their subspecialized silos and acknowledge how the business environment and the various strands of B2B marketing congruently shape B2B marketing relevance, while also embracing research methods that bring them closer to business practice.Practical implicationsMarketing practitioners and academics continue to drift apart. This study puts forward three recommendations to bring marketing academics and practitioners closer together.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the B2B marketing literature by grappling with the theory-praxis gap and critically exploring what constitutes relevance in B2B marketing research.

Conceptualization and Specification of the Concept of Episteme in Religious Discourse: A Theoretical and Methodological Analysis

The theoretical explication and conceptualization of the concept of episteme in religious philosophy (Anselm of Canterbury) is carried out; epistemological configurations and specifications of philosophical and theological discourse are revealed (Dietrich Bonhoeffer). Anselm of Canterbury’s epistemological discourse is based on his postulated ontology: the ontological configurability of his ideas ranges from the a priori ability to think of God to reflection on his predicates. The consequence of Anselm of Canterbury’s ideas is the idea that in the act of religious faith, God becomes an ontological reality. Within the framework of the article, it is noted that the ideas of D. Bonhoeffer, like many areas of modern religious philosophy, constitute the context of the study and substantiation of the religious episteme. The simultaneity and discreteness of the act of life correlates in this concept with eternal nature of God. The concept of “irreligious Christianity” by the German theologian is a part of the processes of reforming Christian theology that took place in the 20th century. The article contains a conceptual analysis of theoretical approaches to the study of religion and religious consciousness. The role of religious knowledge in the formation of new approaches to personality and religious life is considered. The concept of religious episteme as an object of philosophical and religious analysis is explicated. The interpretive perspective of the concept of religious episteme is presented, the field of variable possibilities in the study of this phenomenon is revealed, its theoretical configurations and key, dominant features are shown. The work includes the analysis of the concept of religious episteme from the scientific and philosophical points of view, from the point of view of theoretical reflection. The problems of religious epistemology are considered on the base of historical and cultural material of approaches and concepts of both medieval and modern religious philosophy. It is concluded that religious epistemology is also a philosophical and methodological reflection on the possibility of comprehending the ultimate foundations of religious being.

Os novos donos do saber jurídico: a disputa pela ocupação dos espaços de produção de sentido do Direito no Brasil

This article aims to discuss, from empirical data on Brazilian legal organizations, the power relations among magistracy, public advocacy, private law and scientific academy, starting from a relation between the notion of Pierre Bourdieu’s symbolic field and Michael Foucault’s concept of episteme. This research uses data collected in mass legal sites, whose publications of essays, articles and opinions, allows an analysis on the different types of discourse and the different forms of appropriation of legal knowledge. The information collected permits us to infer that advocacy lost the political influence it had in the twentieth century because other legal actors conquered the spaces of production of sense of law, especially the judiciary. However, there are new resistance movements being drawn on the legal field. The public advocacy and the scientific academy, in quite different ways, have presented political discourses of opposition to the judicial protagonism of the judiciary in the production of law. Keywords: lawyer, academy, judges, political speech, legal field.

Gender Knowledge, and Opposition to the Feminist Project: Extreme-Right Populist Parties in the Netherlands

This article aims to better understand current opposition to feminist politics by analyzing positions of extreme-right populist parties on gender knowledge, “explicit and implicit representations concerning the differences between the sexes and the relations between them, the origins and normative significance of these, the rationale and evidence underpinning them and their material form” (Cavaghan, 2017, p. 48). These understandings contribute to constructing a societal truth on gender and/or to setting the terms of the political debate about gender issues. This article introduces and uses the theoretical concept of episteme to highlight the systematic nature of discursive institutional settings, and the role knowledge and truth production plays in processes reproducing or countering gender inequality. The article analyzes the positions of extreme-right populist parties in the Netherlands and their discursive attacks on the feminist project in the Netherlands, in which these opponents use a redefined concept of ‘cultural Marxism’. Through this analysis, the article illustrates the theoretical argument that epistemic dynamics play a strong role in opposition to feminist politics, that the shifting epistemic framing of science is important in these oppositions and that more comprehensive attention for the epistemic dimension is needed.

The Dancing Body, a Possibility of ‘Body-Subject’ Centred on the Concepts of Truth, Deconstruction, and Episteme

The Dancing Body, a Possibility of ‘Body-Subject’ Centred on the Concepts of Truth, Deconstruction, and Episteme

Conservation biopolitics and the sustainability episteme

This paper develops the idea of the sustainability episteme for the critical analysis of contemporary wildlife conservation. It takes forward recent work in conservation and more-than-human geographies that questions the biopolitical emphasis in conservation on protecting collectivities such as species. Drawing on empirical research on turtle conservation in India and on Foucault’s writings, it inspects how these animals and their wellbeing come to be conceptualized and pursued in contexts marked by tensions between human-centred socio-economic goals and concern for non-human life. Specifically, the paper theorizes the concept of the sustainability episteme to argue that biopolitical ontologies of the collectivity enable win-win conservation that addresses incompatible normative goals. Building on these arguments, it discusses the political function of dominant conservation ontologies with reference to the global trajectories of conservation. In problematizing the taken-for-granted dominance of ontologies of the collectivity, the aim is to open up opportunities for life-forms that otherwise remain outside the bounds of conservationist care.

VANISHING POINT: LES MOTS ET LES CHOSES, HISTORY, AND DIAGNOSIS

ABSTRACTA difficult point in The Order of Things lies in the historical situation of the archaeologist himself, especially when he speaks about the present. Is it possible to have an adequate view of the episteme in which you stand? Is not the very concept of episteme that of an unconscious determination of the space of knowledge, so that it would be an illusion to claim to be able to “objectify” one's own epistemological situation? And from what point of view can a part of this situation be considered “backward”? This article tries to show that the idea of the “death of man” can be read on two levels: first, it is possible to reconstruct the argument of an appearance and disappearance of man in the space of knowledge from the seventeenth century to the twentieth century; but then, one has to discuss the way Foucault combined his history of knowledge with a philosophical polemics against some contemporary figures. And we can wonder if Foucault's diagnosis has lost any relevance for the present.

The museum and the city: Towards a new architectural and museological model for the museum?

Against the background of the growing role of museums in urban development, and the expanding urban concerns of city museums, this paper takes the point of view of the architectural, spatial and curatorial design of museums, and suggests that in recent years there have been changes in how museums, especially those involving innovative and experimental designs, relate to the city in these respects. The paper looks in turn at spatial and visual connections between the museum building and the surrounding urban landscape; at the creation, through the design of the museum, of social space and urbanity within or adjacent to it; and at the museum standing in some sense as a symbol for the surrounding city through its building and spatial design. It then shifts attention from the architectural to the curatorial perspective, to look at how museums reconsider the way they present their collections, ‘undermining’ well-established knowledge and interpretations, as a complementary expression of the way they address urban communities. On this basis, the paper asks whether the fact that all these changes point the same way, towards a more intense and open relation between museum and city than has existed in the past, indicates a new emerging model for the museum, the urbanised museum. Such a model, it is suggested, could be theoretically linked to Foucault's concept of the modern episteme.

Leadership development in the English National Health Service: A counter narrative to inform policy

ObjectivesTo examine the current approach to leadership development in the English National Health Service (NHS) and consider its implications for nursing.To stimulate debate about the nature of leadership development in a range of health care settings. BackgroundGood leadership is central to the provision of high quality nursing care. This has focussed attention on the leadership development of nurses and other health care staff. It has been a key policy concern in the English NHS of late and fostered the growth of leadership development programmes founded on competency based approaches. DesignThis is a policy review informed by the concept of episteme. Data sourcesRelevant policy documents and related literature. Review methodsUsing Foucault's concept of episteme, leadership development policy is examined in context and a ‘counter narrative’ developed to demonstrate that current approaches are rooted in competency based accounts which constitute a limited, yet dominant narrative. ConclusionLeadership takes many forms and varies hugely according to task and context. Acknowledging this in the form of a counter narrative offers a contribution to more constructive policy development in the English NHS and more widely. A more nuanced debate about leadership development and greater diversity in the provision of development programmes and activities is required. Leadership development has been advocated as being crucial to the advancement of nursing. Detailed analysis of its nature and function is essential if it is to meet the needs of nurse leaders.

Considerations on the ‘Replication Problem’ in Sociology

We re-examine the so-called “replication problem” in sociology—a scarcity of published studies dedicated to reproducing findings from prior research. We do this in part by considering the larger epistemological traditions of the natural sciences and humanities. We make three primary arguments: that (1) replication studies are more prevalent than is commonly perceived, (2) calls for and discussions of replication do not attend enough to issues of theory, and (3) we should reconsider as a discipline how we evaluate replications. In developing this third argument, we draw on the concept of episteme, discussing two epistemes that concurrently exist in sociology: the scientific project and the aesthetic object. The former overlaps with approaches to knowledge growth in the natural sciences, the latter with the humanities. We propose that sociology is situated between these extremes, presenting unique challenges for replication research. In particular, nuanced considerations of replications in sociology foreclose any simplistic accounts of a replication problem in the discipline.

The replication problem and its implications for policy studies

In this article we re-examine the epistemological basis for claims to ‘best evidence’ and ‘best practice’ in policy studies by tracing these to a Popperian model of theory development and testing. This model outlines how only scientific explanations that survive repeated testing count as good theory. Yet repeated testing (replication) is scarce across the social sciences – this is the ‘replication problem’. More specifically, the lack of replications in policy studies undermines the epistemological basis for policy transfer based on ‘best practice’ and ‘best evidence’. To resolve this, we offer an innovative explanation of the replication problem drawing on Foucault's concept of Episteme. In doing so, we outline two respectively different accounts of replication: ‘scientific project,’ and ‘aesthetic object.’ The latter offers alternative bases from which to pursue ‘best practice’ and ‘best evidence’.

Travel and Learning: A Neglected Tourism Research Area

This conceptual paper explores the nexus between travel and learning; an area of investigation long neglected by tourism researchers. Using Aristotle’s concepts of phronesis, techne and episteme a framework for the major areas of literature dealing with touristic learning are considered and opportunities and challenges for expanding the boundaries of knowledge are explored. Key proposals are: learning resulting from tourist experiences is likely to be highly personal and strongly tied to individual interests, motivations and prior knowledge; the nature of learning from a tourist experience only emerges over space and time; and long-term meanings created by tourists are likely to be strongly influenced by their perceptions of how these experiences satisfy identity-related needs and expectations.

Y después del CO2 ¿qué?: Una revisión de la construcción social del cambio climático

A traves de una revision bibliografica se muestra la evolucion del discurso del cambio climatico. En una primera seccion se presentan textos que tienen relacion con la divulgacion de la teoria del calentamiento global antropogenico, destacando lo dicho por Al Gore, politico, ecologista y empresario norteamericano cuyo liderazgo ha determinado la forma como se trata el problema. En una segunda seccion se exponen cuestionamientos a esta teoria. Posteriormente se hace un analisis del discurso y una explicacion del fenomeno del cambio climatico como construccion social considerando los conceptos de revolucion cientifica y episteme, este ultimo para examinar su relacion con el ecologismo. Se concluye senalando la necesidad de abrir el debate para disminuir las incertidumbres existentes.

Feminism, Governmentality and the Politics of Legal Reform

This paper offers a critical evaluation of the relationship between feminism and the politics of legal change. Using Foucault’s concept of episteme, it explores the presence of the phenomenon itself — namely the conditions which made its rise possible and configured its nature and mode of being. The analysis reveals these politics to be the outcome of the epistemological context of nineteenth century thought, in particular the canon of reason utilised and the apprehension of subjectivity as a self in possession of consciousness and the ability to reflect upon this consciousness. It argues that these epistemic conditions, in granting the Victorian feminist discourse its specific configuration, not only made feminist calls for legal reform possible, but fashioned their form both at the time and into the future. In reaching this conclusion, I suggest that the feminist practice of legal reform is not as neutral as hitherto believed, and argue that we should recognise its dependency on questions of knowledge, truth and subjectivity. Acknowledging this dependency as an inevitable corollary of the politics of legal reform enables these politics to be explored as ‘the conduct of conduct’ — as a social practice with the power to identify and individualise appropriate norms for the conduct of women.

Feminism and the siren call of law

Feminists have so often declared and celebrated the fecundity of the relationship between feminism and legal reform that critique of legal doctrine and norms, together with proposals for their reconstruction, have become the hallmarks of the modern feminist engagement with law. Yet today the long-cherished ‘truth’ about law’s potentially beneficial impact on women’s lives has started to fade and the quest for legal change has become fraught with problems. In responding to the aporetic state in which feminist legal scholarship now finds itself, this paper offers a recounting of the relationship between feminism and the politics of legal reform. However, in so doing, it seeks neither to support nor to oppose these politics. Instead, it explores the historical contingencies that made this discourse possible. Utilizing Foucault’s concept of episteme, it demarcates the nineteenth century as the historical moment in which this discourse arose, and tracing the epistemic shifts underpinning the production of knowledge, locates its positivities at the interface of the time’s episteme and the discourse of transcendental subjectivity that it engendered.

As duas faces da moeda: heterotopias e emplazamientos curriculares

A partir dos conceitos foucaultianos de heterotopia e episteme, e do conceito de emplazamiento, proposto por Jorge Larrosa, este artigo discute algumas questões acerca das relações entre o espaço e o currículo. O currículo é aqui compreendido como um artefato que contribuiu para um tipo muito particular de representação do espaço, na episteme clássica. O currículo funcionou para que a espacialidade medieval sensorial, finita e fechada fosse substituída por uma nova espacialidade abstrata, infinita e aberta. Mais tarde, na Modernidade, tal espacialidade extensional deu lugar a uma espacialidade posicional e reticular, a favor da qual o currículo continuou trabalhando. Agora, na Pós-Modernidade, o espaço está assumindo novas configurações. Para descrever uma dessas novas configurações, é muito útil o conceito foucaultiano de heterotopia. As heterotopias são lugares reais, mas elas parecem estar em oposição em relação aos lugares comuns em que vivemos. Desse modo, as heterotopias confundem a linguagem e perturbam nosso entendimento, mas, ao mesmo tempo, abrem a possibilidade de novos pensamentos, novas representações e novos insights acerca do mundo que nos rodeia. Este artigo sugere que é possível conceber o emplazamiento de Larrosa como uma heterotopia. Nesse caso, dá-se a própria profanação da Pedagogia, de modo que novas possibilidades abrem-se para as nossas teorizações e práticas educacionais.

Comuniação Popular: por uma genealogia do povo

From the genealogic method developed by Friedrich Nietzsche (Genealogy of the Moral) and appropriated to Michel Foucault (Genealogy of the power) in its analysis on knowing in sciences human beings, this article develops some questionings concerning the relevancy of a genealogy for the scienc of the Popular Communication. One is overcome as estimated the dispersion of the popular concept that characterizes innumerable the practical comunication, validated from the models theoretician-metodologic of traditional social sciences. We demonstrate as such insufficient models become front the current partner-politician-culturalconfiguration, idea from bios midiatica. As it arrives in port theoretical we use the concept of episteme and know-power of Foucault in order to justify the genealogic procedure, beyond the notion of dialogia of Bakhtin to observe the mutations of popular (while the sign refracted in discursive pratical) in the virtual plan of the culture. Finally, we explicit the paper of the Popular Communication as configured of the practical popular comunication as its delimitation of legitimated epistemologic. That is, episteme that answer the phenomenal in this field.

Neo-liberalization of Social Democracy: The Swedish Case

If we are to understand the manner in which social democracy has been integrated into the contemporary neo-liberal hegemony, we should develop a better understanding of what an idea is. In particular, the article points to the significance of the distinction between ideational form — which here is understood in terms of Foucault's concept of episteme — and the ideational content of policy. Analysing the critical case of Sweden, the paper demonstrates how changes in the episteme within the ‘Keynesian golden age’ itself are crucial for understanding the receptivity of Swedish social democratic economic state managers to neo-liberalism and the marginalization of collective capital formation alternatives. This suggests that it might be worthwhile to reconsider Poulantzas conception of the ‘institutional materiality of the state’.