Concept In Russia Research Articles

Future concepts in Russia and Germany: different approaches to planning in the global society

This empirical study explores future concepts of job migrants and compares them with the future concepts of non-migrants. The uncertainty and multi-optionality of the migrants' life situations are regarded as symptomatic of today's society. Migrants are forced to experience unpredictability and an impossibility to plan as thoroughly and strongly as other members of society. Consequently, the description of their future time concepts points out the upcoming general changes. The study shows that migrants develop specific strategies of planning, time investment, time saving and handling of time scarcity. It reveals which factors influence the choice of strategy and suggests possibilities to handling the uncertain future for other members of society as well.

Russia

In 2006 there were no conceptual changes in Russian legislation on trusts. There were a number of developments in Russian legislation relating to certain practical uses and particular aspects of the trust concept in Russia. The most notable changes are (i) a new legislation to facilitate the use of the trust to manage the assets of the charitable organizations and (ii) improvements of the already existing provisions of the Russian legislation relating to management of the pension funds. The Russian authorities adopted new legislation regulating the management by the non-commercial organizations of charitable funds provided to them by private persons and companies for specific charitable purposes, such as education, science, public health, culture, sports (except for the professional sport), arts and social support. Before this legislation was adopted there was no sufficient regulation on these issues in Russia. This was one of the factors making the donations to charitable organizations unattractive. Now a more precise legislative framework for charitable donations appeared.

Probleme russischer Begriffsgeschichte

The history of philosophical and cultural concepts in Russia ( Begriffsgeschichte , история понятий) has not yet recieved much attention. This lack of systematic research can be observed both in Russia and in the West. The current publication aims at naming historical as well as contemporary reasons for the paucity of scholarly works dealing with this subject. At the same time, however, the author discusses the relevance of modern Begriffsgeschichte —both in general and in relation to Russia in particular.

“Profit”: A new key concept in Russia and the Czech Republic. Parallels and differences

JEEMS Journal of East European Management Studies , Seite 190 - 209

Public health nursing education in Russia.

The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1990 brought many changes to Russia, including changes in nursing education. However, the changes did not include content in public health nursing. Most health care in Russia is provided at the tertiary level in hospitals. Health promotion and health education are new concepts in Russia and are not well understood. When health education does occur, it is at the individual level, taught by physicians, and in response to new diagnoses. Health promotion at the primary level and with aggregates is not often practiced. Russia currently is in a demographic crisis where health indicators continue to decline. Russian nurses trained in public health principles, such as health promotion, health education, and providing primary and secondary prevention services at the population and aggregate level, can positively affect the current demographic crisis.

Russian Peacekeeping Strategies in the CIS. The Cases of Moldova, Georgia and Tajikistan by Dov s> Lynch (review)

REVIEWS I9I Lynch,Dov. Russian Peacekeeping Strategies intheCIS.TheCases ofMoldova, Georgia and Tajikistan. The Royal Institute of International Affairs. Macmillan, Basingstoke and London, and St Martin's Press, New York, 2000. Xi+ 265 pp. Notes. BibliographicalReferences. Index. ?45.00? THIsbook is a revised version of Dov Lynch's D Phil thesis submittedto the University of Oxford in I997. This book can safely be said to be the first comprehensive study of Russian peacekeeping in the CIS. Any study of this subjectrequiresconsideration of the general concept of peacekeeping and of the evolution of Russian foreign and securitypolicy towardsthe near abroad. The authorusefullycommences hisworkwith abriefoverviewof international peacekeeping and its development since both I945 and the end of the Cold War. This places the phenomenon of Russian peacekeeping within a comparative context, enabling one to compare it with the experience of peacekeeping as practisedsince the end of the Second WorldWar.The book then goes on to discuss the development of Russian foreign and military towards the near abroad in the I990s, before discussing the Russian debate over peacekeeping, along with a considerationof three 'case studies',namely the Russian involvement in the peacekeeping operations in Moldova, Abkhaziaand Tajikistan. Russianpeacekeepingin the nearabroadhasbeen an importantinstrument of Russian foreignpolicy towardsthe formerSoviet states. Lynch arguesthat the Russiangovernmenthas pursueda strategyof armed suasionin Moldova, Georgia and Tajikistan, using coercive intervention, 'peacekeeping' operations and various forms of political pressure in an attempt to restore clear hierarchical relations in the the CIS region by means of short of war. In Lynch's view, suasion is the key concept in Russia's approach towards the conflicts in these three states that led to the deployment of Russian peacekeeping forces, suasion itself denoting both persuasion and dissuasion by using force on a limited scale along with other tools of pressure by one external state against a target state or other actor in order to influence the actions and perceptions of that target, but without entering into large-scale armed conflict. The study of the evolution and effettiveness of Russia'sstrategyof suasion requiresthe consideration of the development of Russia'spolicy towardsthe near abroad.This Lynch does admirablyin the course of two chapters,which tracethe developmentof foreignministryand themilitaryapproachestowards the otherformerSoviet states.The roleplayed by differentinstitutionalactors, such as the presidential administration, Security Council, parliament, the intelligence services, armed forces and the ministriesof defence and foreign affairs are all discussed, underlining the fact that Russia's foreign policy processhasbeen subjectto theconflictingoutlooksofthesevariousinstitutions. The evolution of attitudestowards the near abroad, namely the shift from a liberal approach towards a more assertive nationalist-centrist approach is well-traced.The state of the Russian armed forces and the impact of military reformon theevolutionof Russianpolicyarealsodiscussed.Russianeconomic and military weakness has forced Russia to look more to political means of resolving disputes. She has also had to accept that her economic weaknesses 192 SEER, 79, I, 2001 have forced her to concentrate on developing relationswith key states in the CIS (Georgia, Armenia, Belarus and Kazakhstan), rather than attempt to create a sphereof influencethroughoutthe entire Commonwealth. From an overview of Russia'spolicy toward the near abroad, Lynch then discussesthe development of Russianviews on peacekeeping, again noting the differentperspectives of differinginstitutions involved in the formulation of policy. In referring to the case studies, Lynch notes the emergence of two operational patterns. In Abkhazia and Moldova, Russian forces created conditions for the deployment of peacekeeping forces which have frozen the conflicts. In Tajikistan, Russian forces have been engaged in a collective securityoperationsupportingthe Tajikgovernment. These forceshave been supportingborderforces in a conflicton the TajikAfghan border. Russia has endeavoured to make these peacekeeping operations CIS operations, but the inability of other CIS members to contribute forces means that these operations have been in effect solely Russian operations.In the second partof the book Lynchprovidesbriefhistoriesof the Moldovan, Abkhazand Tajikpeacekeeping operations. This book is an excellent study of peacekeeping in the near abroad, and is also more thanjust that. It is also a studyof Russianforeignpolicy towardsthe formerUSSR, and a studyof the makingof foreign and securitypolicy in the Russian Federation. The author has moreover produced a most useful bibliography.It would have been interestingif the peacekeeping operation in South Ossetia could also have been considered. More attention could also havebeen paidto thereactionof the...

Introducing the concept of “uncertainty in measurement” into domestic metrological practice

There are four options for introducing the uncertainty concept in Russia. Preference is given to the gradual replacement of “error characteristic,” “total mean-square error,” and “confidence limits of error” by the terms “uncertainty,” “combined standard uncertainty,” and “expanded uncertainty,” respectively. The incorrect and widespread perception that “uncertainty in measurement” is an alternative for “error” is pointed out.

The solution of European security problems in the context of the concept of Russia's national security

The solution of European security problems in the context of the concept of Russia's national security

Study of DEMO reactor concept in Russia

A conceptual study of a fusion DEMO reactor was started in Russia in 1992. The goal of the study was to establish the engineering and plasma physics parameters and technical characteristics of a DEMO reactor. Studies carried out have included a consideration of the DEMO technical requirements and parameters; system studies; a choice of the energy conversion system and preliminary design of some blanket options; analysis of a structural materials database and recommendations; analysis of the operational conditions; and design of plasma-facing components, magnet system and reactor layout. Specific conditions of the plasma operation in the DEMO reactor were also analysed. The main design efforts were exerted on studying a DEMO reactor with a pulsed operational regime (DEMO-P). In parallel, a plasma physics study of the feasibility of a steady state DEMO reactor (DEMO-S) with the current drive resulting from a bootstrap current was carried out.

The Growth of the Law in Medieval Russia

By examining the growth of legal institutions and concepts in Russia from the twelfth to the fifteenth centuries, Daniel Kaiser shows how the process of legal change reflects a gradual transformation of the political life, social relations, and accepted values of a traditional society. Originally published in 1981. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Machado's Concept of Russia

brotherhood and a true Christianity might prevail over hatred and ignorance, warfare and religious obscurantism. To judge from his writings, he conceived that structure to be found in Soviet Russia, and Russia herself to be the great savior of human brotherhood and the ideals of Christianity. Machado's own religiosity, intricate and unorthodox, found no ready solace in blind acceptance of church doctrine but took the form of a long search; and one sees something of his spiritual quest in such lines as,