Concept Of Technology Research Articles

Environmental effects of foreign direct investment in India: pollution haven or pollution halo?

Purpose There is controversy over whether foreign direct investment (FDI) increases or reduces environmental degradation in host countries resulting in pollution havens or pollution halos. Based on the concept of scale, technology and composition effects, this paper aims to examine the causal relationship between FDI and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in India. Design/methodology/approach This paper analyzes panel data of the three most polluting industries between 2005 and 2021 by conducting a Granger causality test. Findings The results provide evidence of pollution havens in the manufacturing and transportation industry, and in the metallurgy and chemical sectors within the manufacturing industry. Research limitations/implications FDI inflows and CO2 emissions are characterized by large regional variations in India. Hence, future studies of the pollution haven vs pollution halo effect in India could therefore use state-level or even district-level data to test for regional variations. Practical implications This paper provides policy recommendations such as increasing the absorptive capacity of local firms to strengthen the technique effect, which would help India combat climate change. Social implications Increasing the absorptive capacity of local firms through incentives such as subsidies and environmental requirements in public contracts can lead to job creation in the green technology sector. This can provide new employment opportunities, especially in R&D and sustainable technology fields, boosting the local economy. Originality/value The study adds to the understanding of the endogenous relationship between FDI and environmental degradation, the importance of lagged feedback responses and the impact of industry- and sector-specific influences on this relationship.

Artificial intelligence and machine learning in cell-free-DNA-based diagnostics.

The discovery of circulating fetal and tumor cell-free DNA (cfDNA) molecules in plasma has opened up tremendous opportunities in noninvasive diagnostics such as the detection of fetal chromosomal aneuploidies and cancers and in posttransplantation monitoring. The advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies makes it possible to scrutinize the characteristics of cfDNA molecules, opening up the fields of cfDNA genetics, epigenetics, transcriptomics, and fragmentomics, providing a plethora of biomarkers. Machine learning (ML) and/or artificial intelligence (AI) technologies that are known for their ability to integrate high-dimensional features have recently been applied to the field of liquid biopsy. In this review, we highlight various AI and ML approaches in cfDNA-based diagnostics. We first introduce the biology of cell-free DNA and basic concepts of ML and AI technologies. We then discuss selected examples of ML- or AI-based applications in noninvasive prenatal testing and cancer liquid biopsy. These applications include the deduction of fetal DNA fraction, plasma DNA tissue mapping, and cancer detection and localization. Finally, we offer perspectives on the future direction of using ML and AI technologies to leverage cfDNA fragmentation patterns in terms of methylomic and transcriptional investigations.

Implementation of Criminal Law in Combating Hoaxes to Build National Information Resilience that Supports Strengthening Infrastructure and Innovation (SDG 9)

Objective: This research aims to analyze the application of criminal law in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 Year 2024 on Electronic Information and Transactions related to the eradication of hoaxes, as well as examine its impact on the development of national information security in Indonesia in accordance with SDG 9, namely National information security involves the development of a resilient and secure information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure. Using a juridical-empirical approach, this research uses primary data through interviews with law enforcement officials and information technology experts, as well as secondary data from legal documents and literature studies. Theoretical Framework: This research draws on various concepts of criminal law, information technology, and national information security. This multidimensional approach includes legal theory, communication theory, and national resilience theory to provide a more holistic understanding of the implementation of the criminal law of the Law of the Republic of Indonesia on Electronic Information and Transactions related to the eradication of hoaxes in the eradication of hoaxes and their impact on information resilience in Indonesia. Method: This research uses Qualitative data with a Normative Juridical Approach, the type of research is analytical to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of the Electronic Information and Transaction Law in eradicating hoaxes, secondary data including laws and regulations, academic literature and scientific journals related to criminal law, hoaxes, and national information security. Data collection techniques are literature studies, interviews, observations, and concrete case studies of the spread of hoaxes that are handled using the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 2024 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions. Results and Discussion: The implementation of the Criminal Law of the Republic of Indonesia Law No. 1 of 2024 on Electronic Information and Transactions against Hoax Eradication is a significant legal instrument in dealing with the spread of hoaxes in Indonesia. National information security is highly dependent on people's digital literacy, the speed of government response, and cooperation with digital platforms in tackling the spread of false information. Efforts and strategies are needed to revise the Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 1 of 2024 on Electronic Information and Transactions to clarify the definition of articles that have multiple interpretations and provide clearer implementation guidelines for law enforcement officials. Research Implications: Theoretical Implications i.e. These findings expand the understanding of the relationship between the implementation of criminal law and the concept of national information security, so that it can serve as a foundation for further research in the field of cyber law and digital literacy. Practical Implications: Law enforcement officials can use the findings of this study as a reference to improve the approach to investigation, legal proof, and the application of sanctions against hoax perpetrators. Originality/Value: This research makes a unique contribution by deeply evaluating the challenges of multiple interpretations in certain articles of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 Year 2024 on Electronic Information and Transactions and their impact on the effectiveness of law enforcement, which has not been widely discussed in previous studies.

Application of AI technology in audit risk assessment and control: Taking internal audit of higher education institutions as an example

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology, its application in the field of auditing has gained increasing attention. This paper explores the application of AI technology in audit risk assessment and control (ARAC), aiming to improve audit efficiency and effectiveness. First, the paper introduces the basic concepts of AI technology and its application background in the auditing field. Then, it provides a detailed analysis of the specific applications of AI technology in audit risk assessment and control, including data analysis, risk prediction, automated auditing, continuous monitoring, intelligent decision support, and compliance checks. Finally, the paper discusses the challenges and opportunities of AI technology in audit risk assessment and control, as well as future research directions.

A review on the production of nanofertilizers and its application in agriculture.

Due to the rapid rise in the worldwide population, the need for food is expanding constantly. To boost agricultural productivity large amounts of synthetic fertilizers are used. However, the extensive use of these synthetic fertilizers leads to various environmental and health problems. Nanotechnology (NT) offers significant improvement in the fertilizer fabrication with optimal chemical compositions, enhances nutrient usage competence, reduces environmental influence, and increased plant productivity. Nano fertilizers (NF) are nanomaterials (NM) that contrast significantly from their corresponding bulk materials. The concept of NF technology is highly innovative, utilizing physical, chemical, and biological methods for formulation. Additionally, the precise application and targeted delivery of nano-fertilizers ensures a more sustainable and accurate approach to agriculture. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the various types of nano fertilizers and their synthesis by different methods. In addition, applications of the NF and advantages are also given over the conventional pesticides. Information is also given on the current applications and challenges of the NF. NF are more effective and efficient than conservative fertilizers. The use of NF is expanding owing to the positive influence on nutritional superiority and stress resistance in plants.

A körforgásos gazdaság kapcsolata a fenntarthatóság társadalmi dimenziójához

The concept of the circular economy offers several environmental and economic benefits, such as reducing the generation of waste, reducing the use of natural resources, increasing the resource efficiency of production, or the promotion of the durability, repairability and extended utilization of the products. The academic research related to this new concept has focused primarily on these two pillars of the sustainable development in the past one and a half decade, while much less attention has been paid to the social dimension. As the positive environmental and economic impacts of the circular economy can be relatively well-defined and quantified, in case of social consequences there is much more uncertainty, and the measurement also faces many difficulties. Therefore, it is worth investigating more closely the possible social implications of this new and constantly evolving economic and technological concept. In my paper I seek to explore this issue by reviewing the relevant international literature and presenting some domestic and foreign examples.

Digital Technology in the Context of Sustainable Development

This article explores the concept of Digital technology and its role in advancing Sustainable development goals (SDGs) within the educational context. It delves into the potential of Digital technology as a means to bridge the gap between traditional pedagogical practices and the dynamic demands of the 21st century. By examining the transformative power of technology in education, this exploration seeks to shed light on how educational institutions can leverage digital advancements to foster sustainable development and achieve the SDGs. Throughout this discourse, we will delve into various aspects of Digital technology , including the significance of SDGs in education, the need for pedagogical transformation, and how technology can act as an enabler for educational reform. Furthermore, it underscores the importance of aligning educational practices with the SDGs to foster sustainability and empower students as active contributors to society. The challenges and opportunities associated with integrating technology in education to achieve the SDGs are discussed. By embracing Digital technology, educational institutions can create inclusive, equitable, and sustainable learning environments. This article offeres valuable insights for further research and implementation of digital technology approaches worldwide to support sustainable development initiatives in education.

INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION, EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE, CONFLICT RESOLUTION, RELATIONAL SATISFACTION AMONG INTIMATE PARTNERS

Romantic relationships significantly impact individuals' mental health, emotional well-being, and life satisfaction. Effective communication, emotional intelligence, and conflict resolution are critical to maintaining relational harmony. However, contemporary challenges, including technology use and work-life balance, complicate relationship dynamics, necessitating a deeper exploration of these factors. This study investigates the interplay between communication patterns, emotional intelligence, conflict resolution techniques, and relational satisfaction in intimate relationships. The objectives include identifying key communication strategies, exploring the role of emotional intelligence, analyzing the impact of technology-mediated communication, and understanding the balance between work-life and relational satisfaction. A qualitative, exploratory design was employed, involving semi-structured interviews with 25 couples (N=50). The data were collected through guided discussions on communication styles, emotional intimacy, conflict resolution, and relationship satisfaction. Thematic analysis was conducted using NVivo software to identify key themes and subthemes. The study revealed six major themes: effective communication, emotional intimacy, conflict resolution, technology-mediated communication, work-life balance, and relational satisfaction. Active listening, empathy, and open communication emerged as pivotal for fostering intimacy and satisfaction. Technology-mediated communication demonstrated both benefits and challenges, while work-life balance significantly influenced relational harmony. This research underscores the importance of cultivating emotional intelligence, balanced communication strategies, and effective conflict resolution to enhance relationship dynamics. The innovative application of blockchain technology concepts in managing relational conflicts was also noted as a novel approach to selective information sharing. Future studies should examine the long-term impacts of technology-mediated communication, delve into diverse relational contexts, and develop interventions that integrate emotional intelligence and conflict resolution strategies to strengthen intimate relationships.

Instrumento musical como categoria de pensamento: reflexões sobre técnica e tecnologia desde uma Antropologia da Música

Through ethnographic research developed with luthiers and other types of musical instrument builders in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, this article presents a reflection on the concepts of technique, technology, musical instrument and music. Starting from an epistemological approach of the Anthropology of Technique and Technology, we seek to reflect on how Musical Sciences, understood as an area of ​​knowledge production that concerns Music in its sound, epistemological and organological sense, can contribute in a peculiar way to the requalification of concepts used in other fields such as Philosophy and Anthropology itself. More than artifacts used to make music, we propose that musical instruments are categories of thought, which refer to a specific type of “technical object” or “thing” that is constituted in the flow of materials.

Preservice Science Teachers’ Metaphorical Perceptions Related to “Technology” Concept

How preservice science teachers perceive technology is significant because we cannot think science and technology separately. Using metaphors is one of the method helps to examine how a concept, technology in this contect, is perceive. A metaphor can be defined as the process of defining a less known concept by using a more known concept and explaining why it is defined that way. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to examine preservice science teachers’ metaphorical perceptions related to the technology concept. This study was conducted with 110 volunteer undergraduate preservice science teachers from a state university in Western Turkey. As a methodology, phenomenology was selected from qualitative research. For data collection process, participants fill in the blanks: “technology looks like ………….. because ………..”. Data was analyzed by using content analysis. All collected data was categorized as positive (N=83), negative(N=15), and neutral(N=12) in the first phase. Positive codes were found as useful, developing, changing, need, unlimited, helpful, valuable, source of information, facilitating, enlightening, widespreading and guiding. Negative codes were found as addictive, harmful, and endless. Lastly, neutral codes were found as balance and variability. According to the general findings of this study, preservice science teachers’ perceptions related to the technology was mostly positive. However, negative perceptions relied on addictiveness of technology can be harmful. Preservice science teachers’ neutral perceptions both expressed negative and positive sides of the technology. By considering the technology integration in education, it is thought that examining preservice science teachers’ metaphorical perceptions are important and more studies need for the future.

Broadband Shortwave Infrared-Emitting Cr3+- and Ni2+-Codoped Y3Al2Ga3O12 Phosphor with Excellent Thermal Stability for Multifunctional Applications.

Shortwave infrared (SWIR)-emitting materials have emerged as superior light sources with increasing demand for potential applications in noninvasive analysis, night vision illumination, and medical diagnosis. For developing next-generation SWIR phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes (pc-LEDs), the scarcity of intense blue-light-pumped broadband SWIR luminescent materials and poor thermal stability of current Ni2+-activated phosphors are the ongoing challenges. Here, a blue-light-excitable (440 nm) Y3Al2Ga3O12:Cr3+,Ni2+ phosphor with ultrawide SWIR emission centered at ∼1430 nm (FWHM ∼264 nm) is reported. The efficient Cr3+ → Ni2+ energy transfer is exploited for a remarkable enhancement of 18-fold in SWIR emission under blue-light excitation. Significantly, the excellent thermal stability (90% at 440 K) of the SWIR band is obtained in the codoped phosphor which is the best among reported SWIR phosphors. Besides, the experimental techniques (XANES and EXAFS) and density functional theory calculations are employed to investigate the local structure and propose [GaO6] octahedrons as favorable occupation sites for Ni2+/Cr3+ ions. A SWIR pc-LED is fabricated using a blue chip as a proof of concept for invisible illumination technology, nondestructive spectroscopic analysis, anticounterfeiting, and imaging applications. This work offers effective insights into energy transfer-assisted SWIR enhancement and presents a thermally robust Cr3+-Ni2+-codoped phosphor for designing future mini-SWIR pc-LEDs for spectroscopy applications.

Socioscientific issues: promoting science teachers’ pedagogy on social justice

Socioscientific issues (SSI) are problems involving the deliberate use of scientific topics that require students to engage in dialogue, discussion, and debate. The purpose of this project is to utilize issues that are personally meaningful and engaging to students, require the use of evidence-based reasoning, and provide a context for scientific information. Social justice is the pursuit of equity and fairness in society by ensuring that all individuals have opportunities to challenge and address inequalities and injustices to create a more just and equitable society for all (Killen et al. Human Development 65:257–269, 2021). By connecting science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) concepts to personally meaningful contexts, SSI can empower students to consider how STEM-based issues reflect moral principles and elements of virtue in their own lives and the world around them (Zeidler et al. Science Education 89:357–377, 2005). We employed a qualitative research design to answer the following questions: (1) In what ways, if any, did teachers help students grow their knowledge and practices on social justice through socioscientific issues? (2) In teachers’ perceptions, what components of SSI did students learn and what are their challenges? (3) In teachers’ perceptions, what are students’ stances on social justice? After completing the first year and second-year professional development programs, grades 6–12 STEM teachers were asked to complete a reflection on classroom artifacts. Teachers were asked to select student artifacts (e.g. assignments, projects, essays, videos, etc.) that they thought exemplified the students’ learning of SSI and stance on social justice. Based on 21 teacher-submitted examples of exemplar student work, we saw the following example pedagogies to engage their students on social justice: (a) making connections to real-world experiences, (b) developing a community project, (c) examining social injustice, and (d) developing an agency to influence/make changes. According to teachers, the most challenging SSI for students was elucidating their own position/solution, closely followed by employing reflective scientific skepticism. Moreover, the students exemplified reflexivity, metacognition, authentic activity, and dialogic conversation. Using SSI in classrooms allows students to tackle real-world problems, blending science and societal concerns. This approach boosts understanding of scientific concepts and their relevance to society. Identifying methods like real-world connections and examining social injustice helps integrate social justice themes into science education through SSI. Overall, SSI promotes interdisciplinary learning, critical thinking, and informed decision-making, enriching science education socially. This study highlights the value of integrating SSI in science education to engage students with social justice.

Exploring cultural imaginaries of robots with children with brittle bone disease: a participatory design study

A symbiotic relationship exists between narrative imaginaries of and real-life advancements in technology. Such cultural imaginings have a powerful influence on our understanding of the potential that technology has to...

Comparison of Marx's and Karp's philosophical views - What is technology?

The essence of technology is at the same time the essence of man. Ernst Karp and Karl Marx are great philosophers in the same period, who successively formed a distinctive philosophy of technology and view of technology in their understanding of the concept of technology in terms of technological ontology, technological evolution and society, culture and state. On the basis of analyzing and comparing the differences between Karp's and Marx's views on technology in terms of technological ontology and technological epistemology, this paper follows the dialectical way of thinking and finds that Karp's view of technology is narrow in terms of the existence of isolation and mechanicity. Marx's view of technology, on the other hand, explains the relationship between society, technology, and productive forces in a discourse led by holistic thinking, and ultimately puts human beings in the link of purpose and power of technological development for dynamic examination.

Generating Interest in Literacy among Elementary School Students through Gamification Technology

This research focuses on grade 5 elementary schools with the main aim of increasing students' interest in literacy through the application of gamification technology concepts. The implementation method is descriptive qualitative: 1) identifying the needs and preferences of students in elementary schools through surveys and observations. Based on these findings, a gamification platform was designed that combines game elements with literacy material according to the curriculum. 2) Integrating gamification into learning activities for grade 5 elementary school students. The implementation process is carried out collaboratively involving teachers, students and parents. The research was conducted at SD Negeri Pasar Baru 03, Central Jakarta. The results of the research can provide valuable input for improving teaching methods in elementary schools, especially literacy, and provide a basis for similar approaches in other schools. This research not only creates positive changes in elementary school students' literacy interest, but also contributes to the literacy of society in general by fostering a culture of reading and critical thinking from a young age. Furthermore, the integration of gamification in literacy education could serve as a model for enhancing other educational subjects, promoting a more engaging and effective learning environment across different disciplines.

MQTT Protocol in Smart Home Environments: Principles of Operation and Application

Internet of Things as a revolutionary concept in technology of modern days has led to the popularization of “smart” things. It introduces low-cost and reliable solutions to provide independent operations of devices and machines. Smart home systems have become one of the most important implementations as they significantly improve the quality of people’s lives. Since communication plays a key role in these systems, this article provides insights into Message Queuing Telemetry Transport protocol application in smart home systems. Although it is not the only protocol used, MQTT stands out in terms of reliability, efficiency, and simplicity. The article provides major MQTT characteristics, advantages and its application in a particular smart home system for ambient parameters monitoring and control. The system integrates NodeMCU based sensor node with mobile and web applications via MQTT protocol. Results of the performance analysis of MQTT use in this system are given. Tests have shown great connection establishment speed, a high percentage of successfully sent messages, and a large number of messages sent per minute. Thanks to the flexibility of the MQTT protocol, the system is easy to upgrade and expand.

Ethical challenges in collecting pre-existing digital data for linguistic research

Abstract Pre-existing digital data are a valuable resource for linguistic research. Collecting these materials is often thought of as straightforward (“the data exist anyway”) and ethical dilemmas are given little consideration. In this article, we discuss microethical issues we encountered while collecting electronic text messages, photos, and videos posted on a digital platform and app during paramedical treatment. Since ethics and methods are intertwined, we discuss the various ethical and methodological aspects of collecting these sensitive digital data for our linguistic research project and reflect on the benefits and limitations of the choices we made during this process. We specifically highlight the interdependence of ethics with technology and discuss how this can be even more challenging when working in a specific institutional context characterized by different conceptions of ethics and technology. Our article highlights the importance of microethics complementing prevalent ethical guidelines. We show that when pre-existing digital data are available in non-public digital spheres, it is difficult for researchers to define in advance in ethical protocols or guidelines how the data can be collected and what ethical measures should be taken. We argue that ethical reflections should be at the center of research, including research on pre-existing digital data, guiding the decisions to be made at all stages.

Didactic impact of educational robotics on the development of STEM competence in primary education: a systematic review and meta-analysis

As robotics become increasingly present in about every area of the human daily life scheme, their presence in the educational world has become increasingly common, especially with regard to earlier stages and in relation to disciplines framed within the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) concept, given its innate links to these programmable companions. Consequentially, the main objective of this study is to analyze the evolution in time of robotic learning mediation of STEM-based teaching and learning in the Primary Education stage. To achieve this objective, a systematic review of the literature and a meta-analysis were conducted to retrieve experiences of interest (n = 13; n = 8). The present study indicates that, despite certain hiatuses, this educational research field has been of global increasing interest, implementing a variety of robotic-related products that, in the end, have been reported to cause a moderate benefit regarding the acquisition and strengthening of STEM competences. Future research lines are discussed, pointing to the urgent need to establish a framework of reference for didactic planning around these resources in order to extend their use to every potential teacher in the target stage.

Reaching the top of Bloom’s Taxonomy: an innovative pilot program for preclinical undergraduate and medical school students to create curricula for STEMM outreach/service-learning programs

Bloom’s Taxonomy is an andragogical tool that classifies educational objectives, learning activities, and assessments into distinct levels of cognitive thinking. Preclinical medical sciences educators aim to promote higher-order thinking in their curricula to help students develop clinical decision-making skills and foster deep learning. However, many courses and curricula remain focused on lower levels of Bloom’s Taxonomy because they are easier to implement and assess. Meanwhile, many service-learning opportunities for medical students focus on developing affective faculties over higher-level cognitive processing of curricular material. We describe a model program in which undergraduate pre-medical education (UPE) and undergraduate medical education (UPE/UME) students at Boston University Charles River Campus (BU CRC) and Boston University Aram V. Chobanian & Edward Avedisian School of Medicine (BU Chobanian & Avedisian SOM) simultaneously engaged in service-learning and the Create level of Bloom’s Taxonomy by developing a supplementary high school (HS) medical science curriculum based on content and instructional models from their preclinical courses. Activities such as mock patient cases, simulated patient interviews, and physical examination training contributed toward a HS curriculum that promotes healthy habits; increases community public health self-efficacy; sparks interest in Science, Technology, Engineering, Math and Medicine (STEMM) concepts; and educates about medical careers through engaging lessons and activities focused on human anatomy and physiology.

Surgical factors play a critical role in predicting functional outcomes using machine learning in robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty.

Predictive models help determine predictive factors necessary to improve functional outcomes after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, no study has assessed predictive models for functional outcomes after TKA based on the new concepts of personalised surgery and new technologies. This study aimed to develop and evaluate predictive modelling approaches to predict the achievement of minimal clinically important difference (MCID) in patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) 1 year after TKA. Four hundred thirty robotic-assisted TKAs were analysed in this retrospective study. The mean age was 67.9 ± 7.9 years; the mean body mass index (BMI) was 32.0 ± 6.8 kg/m2. The following PROMs were collected preoperatively and 1-year postoperatively: knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score for joint replacement, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) Function, WOMAC Pain. Demographic data, preoperative CT scan, implant size, implant position on the robotic system and characteristics of the joint replacement procedure were selected as predictive variables. Four machine learning algorithms were trained to predict the MCID status at 1-year post-TKA for each PROM survey. 'No MCID' was chosen as the target. Models were evaluated by class discrimination (F1-score) and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC). The best-performing model was ridge logistic regression for WOMAC Function (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.80, F1 = 0.48, sensitivity = 0.79, specificity = 0.62). Variables most strongly contributing to not achieving MCID status were preoperative PROMs, high BMI and femoral resection depth (posterior and distal), supporting functional positioning principles. Conversely, variables contributing to a positive outcome (achieving MCID) were medial/lateral alignment of the tibial component, whether the procedure was an outpatient surgery and whether the patient received managed Medicare insurance. The most predictive variables included preoperative PROMs, BMI and surgical planning. The surgical predictive variables were valgus femoral alignment and femoral rotation, reflecting the benefits of personalised surgery. Including surgical variables in predictive models for functional outcomes after TKA should guide clinical and surgical decision-making for every patient. Level III.