Successful Concept Research Articles

E-Wallet Usage Behavior: A Tam Approach And Success Model

Purpose — This study was formulated to test and analyze the positive influence of the perception of usability, ease, satisfaction, and behavioral interest in using e-wallets. Design/methodology/approach—This research paradigm uses quantitative-type positivism with an exploratory approach. The population and sample were 363 respondents who were E-wallet users. Data analysis was using SEM-PLS. Findings —The results of this study succeeded in empirically proving that constructs in the TAM model (Davis et al., 1989) and satisfaction constructs (DeLone & McLean, 1992) can answer the behavioral problem of using e-wallets. In addition, this study can develop the concept of acceptance and success in using e-wallets, seen from the perspective of lecturers as e-wallet users. The development of the concept is carried out by testing the construct of perception of usefulness, perception of ease of use, behavioral interest, satisfaction, and actual use. Practical implications — In increasing the use of e-wallets, service providers and vendors must also consider and concentrate on building the ease of new services that will be issued. So that information technology, especially e-wallets, can be used or reached by all circles. Originality/value — This study seeks to combine the TAM Approach: Perceived Usefulness & Perceived ease of use, Behavior Intention, and Actual Use (Davis et al., 1989) with the Success Model: User Satisfaction (DeLone & McLean, 1992). Keywords — TAM Approach, Success Model. Paper type — Case study

A diachronic approach to perceptions of success and failure in language education

The paper is an article of reflection which aims to critically analyze the concept of success as viewed from an individual’s perspective as well as through the lenses of others. Historically and socially dependent norms and values regulating psychological and sociological approaches to success and failure are also considered and their personal and social consequences examined. Against this background the postwar concepts of a successful language learner and a successful language teacher are examined from both diachronic and synchronic perspectives. A model with six stages is proposed, the function of which is to estimate their approximate duration as well as to identify criteria adopted in order to distinguish between success and failure in particular periods. Terminology, drawn from the philosophy of law, relating to norms and expectations is presented to examine methodological issues in evaluation and assessment. Implications for language teacher education are also considered.

Endometriosis and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.

Endometriosis is a major cause of infertility, and considering its pathophysiology, it is expected to affect pregnancy outcomes as well. This study aimed to evaluate whether endometriosis is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes after successful conception. Data from singleton pregnancy deliveries between January 2014 and October 2019 were obtained from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database. We compared the clinical characteristics and adverse pregnancy outcomes of women with and without endometriosis. A total of 1,251,597 pregnant women were enrolled; of these, 32,951 (2.6%) were assigned to the endometriosis group. Women with endometriosis had significantly more adverse pregnancy outcomes than those without endometriosis. Adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with endometriosis included preterm labor, preterm birth, preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, placenta previa, placental abruption, antepartum and postpartum hemorrhage, and stillbirth. This study also showed an increased risk of postpartum hemorrhage, blood transfusion, uterine artery embolization, and cesarean hysterectomy in the endometriosis group compared to the non- endometriosis group. The cesarean delivery rate was significantly higher in the endometriosis group than in the non-endometriosis group, even after excluding cases of antenatal obstetric complications that could increase the risk of cesarean delivery. Women with endometriosis not only have difficulty conceiving, but also have a significantly higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.

The effects of initiation season on succession patterns of benthic fouling organisms in coastal waters from two regions

Biofouling is the accumulation of organisms on artificial surfaces in the marine environment, with considerable ecological and economic effects. Thus, in-depth understanding of community succession is required to predict and combat this issue. However, various environmental factors, including temporal factors, can change the succession pattern. In this study, succession experiments were sequentially initiated during different seasons to verify the impact of initiation timing on the development and succession patterns of the fouling community. The initiation time (i.e., starting season for incubation) did not affect the succession pattern in Gunsan, whereas it did in Yeosu. Early and late succession in Gunsan were dominated by Ciona robusta and Mytilus galloprovincialis, respectively. This result is similar to the classical concept of succession. In contrast, bivalves, barnacles, and solitary ascidians were dominant in early succession and continued to colonize until late succession in Yeosu. Temporal factors had a substantial influence on the succession patterns of fouling organisms, depending on the presence or absence of dominant species. Further understanding of the impact of initiation timings on the succession of fouling organisms can enable prediction and control of community colonization, thereby reducing the ecological and economic impact of biofouling.

The Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease during Reproductive Years: An Updated Narrative Review

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) frequently affects women of childbearing age and often coincides with pregnancy. With an increased incidence of IBD, gastroenterologists and obstetricians are more frequently involved in caring for women of reproductive age. While the development of novel therapies has allowed for successful conception and pregnancy outcomes, many patients may hesitate to conceive due to concerns for presumed adverse IBD effects on maternal and fetal health. As such, a noticeable percentage of patients may choose voluntary childlessness. Indeed, active IBD carries a greater risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including a loss of pregnancy, preterm delivery, and emergent C-sections. However, those with a quiescent disease tend to have fewer pregnancy complications. Therefore, it is essential to achieve remission prior to conception to optimize pregnancy outcomes. Dedicated IBD and pregnancy clinics can greatly assist in improving patient knowledge and attitudes towards pregnancy; through individualized pre-conception counseling, education, and medication adherence, the risks of poor pregnancy outcomes can be minimized. Furthermore, it is important for healthcare providers to have a sufficient understanding of the medication safety and tools to measure the disease activity, while counseling patients during gestation and breastfeeding periods. This review article aims to provide the most recent evidence-based management methods for IBD during pregnancy.

Strategic Management: Concept, Implementation, and Indicators of Success (Literature Review)

The purpose of this study is to provide views and help prove the results of scientific articles by reviewing and providing perceptions from the author, The research method used is qualitative, by looking for library sources related to those used in this scientific article from reputable journals, google scholar, and others. The use of metric tables to help describe scientific articles that according to researchers are findings, the results of this study want to prove that there are references to concepts, implementations, and indicators that have not been proven directly by references to scientific articles or books, only from one article from (Ivančić, 2013) where the results of the research are The literature on strategy implementation and linking a number of critical points are important for reducing strategy implementation errors and improving organizational effectiveness, but all of that must be substantiated by follow-up research by other researchers. Researchers in the future, can sharpen and provide results in strategic management, especially with indicators specifically for both research and books.

The role of the World Health Organisation and related funds on maternal and child health in Nigeria

Maternal and child health is extremely important because it serves as the fundamental metric of a successful society or nation. This is because every successful conception of a child ensures that there is hope for a better world because each child has the potential to make a positive difference. The demands of mothers' health must be appropriately met since they have a significant impact on how birth will turn out and, thus, on the continuation of life. The purpose of this study is to provide light on the roles played over time by the World Health Organization, International Children's Fund, and United Nations Population Fund in influencing maternal and child health in Nigeria.Using a well-established guide on performing systematic reviews and meta-analyses for medical research as well as PRISMA reporting criteria, systematic review was used to effectively search for data related to the steps taken by these multilateral organizations. After carefully evaluating all the publications acquired and ensuring that they met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, respectively, an electronic search was conducted on Google Scholar and PubMed, yielding 49 studies for systematic review. According to the research's design, the multilateral organizations engaged in the program, the measures taken by those organizations, the country, the target group whether it is for maternal or child health and the state or area in Nigeria where the study was conducted, the data were retrieved. The general quality of the included studies was not astounding this due to the fair rating most of the study received, the availability of the roles in form of intervention or programmes executed by the multilateral organizations involved in this study were very limited upon searching electronically implying that much qualitative and dedicated research on this theme needs to be adequately carried out.This study demonstrates that the three organizations have had a significant impact on Nigeria over the years. However, the World Health Organization has contributed the most to maternal and child health, as evidenced by the targeted programs it has carried out in Nigeria over the years. One significant result of this program was the complete eradication of poliomyelitis in Nigeria.

What Does “Success” Mean to Students at a Selective University? Individual Differences and Implications for Well-Being

This study investigated how college students (N = 376) at a private, selective university (a) define success in college in their own words, and how conceptions of success (b) relate to differences in motivation and other individual differences, and (c) predict well-being. A thematic analysis suggested that students’ definitions of success were multifaceted, but the most common themes reflected academic and social criteria for success. Students who defined success in terms of Experience (e.g., trying new things) and Future-Readiness (e.g., preparedness to handle life after college) tended to be higher in mastery orientation and intrinsic motivation. Success definitions varied with demographic characteristics, including gender, class year, race, first-generation status, academic interests, and more, in ways that likely reflect differences in students’ cultural backgrounds and interests. Finally, well-being was higher in students who defined success in terms of Intellectual Growth (e.g., learning, being challenged, determining academic interests). We discuss the implications of these findings for practice (e.g., for university administrators, faculty, and advisors) and for future research.

International development project success: A literature review

AbstractThe success of international development projects (IDPs) in addressing human development problems has been debated for years. This study aims to catalogue the various ways in which the concept of IDP success has been operationalised and suggest worthwhile dialogues between parts of the literature primarily housed in separate disciplines especially project management and development studies. The study used a PRISMA‐ScR and a thematic analysis of 30 research papers. Results showed that the measure of IDP success includes short term– and long term–oriented criteria. Furthermore, four determinants of IDP success were identified: human factors, project characteristics, management and external environment. Additionally, insights gained from the findings resulted in reciprocal learning between project management and international development.

When School Wasn’t “School”: Developing Culturally Responsive Practice during the COVID-19 Lockdowns

This article emerged from my study of three alternative-certification teachers, or teacher learners as they tried to enact culturally responsive practices while navigating their first year of teaching and taking graduate courses for initial certification. These teacher learners worked to develop their understanding and capacities to enact a culturally responsive pedagogy but found that standardization of content and conceptions of what constitutes “good students”, appropriate classroom conduct, and micro-managed professional learning communities all created environments hostile to their attempts to develop as equity-minded educators and culturally responsive practitioners. However, their experiences changed once the COVID-19 pandemic closed these teacher learners’ schools to in-person instruction and sent them home to instruct online for the remainder of the spring 2020 semester. Free from the constrictive macro-structures and socio-political contexts in their physical workplaces, their planning showed them employing more culturally responsive practices and considering those practices more deeply. Once outside the cultures of practice, formed around neoliberal conceptions of success and measuring learning, these teacher learners became the sole mediators of the conflicting knowledge sources of their jobs and their university methods courses. On their own they began to confront the ways educational institutions stubbornly cling to hegemonic concepts of their communities and valorize work centered on concepts of knowledge and ways of knowing that bear little resemblance to society’s current reality. Away from the wider cultures of their schools during the COVID-19 lockdown and aided in mediating their own development using a dialogically structured lesson planning template inspired by—the Heuristic for Thinking About Culturally Responsive Teaching (HiTCRiT)—the teacher learners focused their instruction on their students making both their students’ learning and their own conceptions of CRP more real and their students’ learning more equitable.

VITAMIN D SCREENING BEFORE FERTILITY TREATMENT PLANS: PILOT STUDY IN PCOS AND NON-PCOS INFERTILE WOMEN

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and hypovitaminosis D are two most common endocrine disorders in young women leading to many adverse metabolic consequences. Objective of this study was to compare Vitamin D (VD) levels, Body Mass Index (BMI), lipid profile, hormonal parameters, and oocytes in PCOS and non-PCOS infertile females and to explore any association of VD levels with these parameters. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2019 to June 2020 after ethical approval at Aga Khan University in collaboration with Australian Concept of Infertility Medical Centre (ACIMC). It was conducted on 88 infertile females with age range 25–45 years recruited for Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI). Subjects were divided into two groups; PCOS (n=37) and non-PCOS (n=51) based on diagnostic criteria of PCOS. Serum VD was analyzed using ELISA. Statistical analysis was performed on SPSS-20. Mann-Whitney U-test and Spearman’s rank correlation were applied. Results: The mean BMI was significantly higher among PCOS as compared to non-PCOS women (p<0.001). There were statistically significant differences in total cholesterol, triglycerides, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL-C), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL-C), and Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) among groups (p<0.05). There was significant correlation of vitamin D with maturity of oocytes (r=0.836, p<0.0001). Conclusion: The findings indicated that PCOs women were obese, had abnormal lipid profile with low VD levels. Low levels of VD were associated with poor maturity of oocytes which is required for successful conception. Pak J Pysiol 2023;19(2):15–9

Value of Time Drives Operational Costs of Road Freight Transport Operators (RFTO): A Case Study in Zimbabwe

From a business viewpoint, freight transportation is a necessity in the globalized world we live in. Companies are becoming more dependent on goods from various different locations worldwide and the demand for coordinated transportation is increasing. The aim of the study was to ascertain if Road Freight Transport Sector in Zimbabwe respected the value of time aspect in their operations. Value of time is a sound principle that strategically propels the business into the future. Literature highly recommends the value of time concept for business success as a key to customer satisfaction and an international best practice. This was a quantitative study of the road freight transport sector across Zimbabwe with a population of 1256 registered companies and a randomly picked sample size of 384. A total of 384 questionnaires were distributed and 291 were retrieved, giving a response rate of 75.6%. The study findings indicate that value positively influence firm competitiveness. This implies that travel time and reliability influences company’s reputation, profitability, customer satisfaction and market share. Several empirical studies have reached similar findings (Chi, King-lok, Steven, 2012; Song et al, Gitae, 2017) that value of time has positive impact on firm competitiveness. Study also found that all the registered companies that took part in the research confirmed that the value of time phenomenon was alien to their business practices as they worked on assumptions. They also indicated a loss of business due to customer complaints. The study recommends policy formulation for companies that emphasizes standard operating procedures and good time management for firms to be competitive. The study results and interpretation show that value of time positively influences firm competitiveness. Results imply that if firms in the road freight sector conduct regulars servicing of their fleet, train their employees, plan routes properly, respond to their customers and manage risks there can remain competitive.

Scale Development for COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy by Integration of Socio-Demographic and Psychological Factors.

Vaccination is the most cost-effective way to maintain population health. However, it can only be effective if widespread acceptance is held. The efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines depends on their favor. When countries start to vaccinate their citizens, there is a certain level of skepticism about the effectiveness of the vaccines. The hesitancy study on vaccines has gained momentum following the pandemic. However, few studies have examined the link between the psychological and sociodemographic factors influencing the fit. This paper proposes integrating the concepts of the information systems success and stimulus-organism-response into a cognitive fit theory framework to explore the integration of psychological and sociodemographic factors in the receivers' reactions (n = 1510). This study analyses the factors that influence the hesitancy of vaccines and the public's refusal in Asia and Europe. Receivers' reactions were assessed to various stimuli and we explored the link between psychological and sociodemographic elements and the concept of fit. Two surveys were conducted following the scale development of Mackenzie. The first was to develop the fit scale, while the second was to validate the fit scale. The results of the second survey were analyzed using structural equation modelling. The results indicate that the scale's fit development is valid and reliable. The quality of the vaccine information, the psychological characteristics of the vaccine system, and vaccine receivers' satisfaction are also beneficial factors for emotional and cognitive fit. Maintaining the vaccines' quality and efficiency can help improve the fit between sociodemographic and psychological characteristics. It can also enhance receivers' satisfaction and encourage continued vaccine administration. This study is regarded as one of the first to examine and develop an emotional and cognitive fit scale for practitioners and researchers.

OVERVIEW OF THE CONCEPTS AND APPROACHES FOR BUDGET PLANNING IN ENTERPRISES IN THE BULGARIAN SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE

In the conditions of a rapidly changing and uncertain dynamic environment, increasing competition, and limited resources, the global economic crisis brought planning and control to the fore as the leading functions of management. Modern practice is characterized by a significant variety of tools, approaches and methods in the implementation of planning in enterprises. The purpose of this publication is to review the concepts and tools for budget planning in the enterprise, which are known in the Bulgarian scientific literature, indexed in the scientific database Google Scholar at the end of March 2023. Methodologically, the review used a systematic approach. The review was conducted in three stages: developing a search protocol, conducting the search and reporting the results. The literature sample of review sources covers eleven scientific publications corresponding to the researched topic. The results of the review show that many Bulgarian authors recommend the application of quantitative methods and approaches for enterprise budget planning. As such, the balanced scorecard and tools of fuzzy set theory are indicated. A number of authors emphasize the need for the application of a flexible and dynamic toolkit for budget planning, which enables the assessment and successful management of internal and external risk. For crisis conditions, the authors most often recommend scenario planning and heuristic models. Some authors highlight the kaizen concept and controlling as attractive and successful planning concepts. Other authors point to expert systems based on artificial intelligence as a particularly valuable tool for planning. In the "discussion" part of the present study, some recommendations for future research are given. In the opinion of the author, this development has the character of a landmark for the state of the Bulgarian scientific literature about the concepts and tools for budget planning in the enterprise. Despite the theoretical nature of the study, it can be used by both researchers and management practice.

Fertility post immune checkpoint blockade.

12014 Background: Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is radically altering the treatment paradigm for a wide range of malignancies. Consequently, the proportion of ICB exposed pts will expand and the impact of ICB on fertility is of increasing importance. We sought to evaluate fertility outcomes post ICB exposure at our institution. Methods: Pts < 45 years old post ≥ 1 cycles of ICB at MSK who consented to the MSK-IMPACT protocol (NCT01775072) were screened for eligibility (n = 537). Pts in receipt of prior cytotoxic chemotherapy or tyrosine kinase, BRAF or MEK inhibitors were excluded. 96 eligible pts were emailed a 28-question survey; 65% were followed up by phone. Results: 50/96 pts responded to the survey, male to female ratio was 27:23. 5 pts were excluded from final analysis due to additional systemic agent use pre-conception. Median age at ICB exposure was 35 (range 19-44). 53% (25/45) of pts received ICB in the metastatic setting. 40% (17/42) of pts received fertility counseling pre-ICB use. There was no statistically significant difference between rates of fertility counseling in metastatic vs non-metastatic settings (p = 0.14). 7 pts (14%) conceived and 2 pts (4%) are currently trying to conceive children post ICB. 4 pts (3 female, 1 male) conceived children with reproductive technology. 3/4 pts used sperm or embryos frozen prior to ICB and IVF leading to successful pregnancies, 2 of which are currently ongoing. One patient froze embryos 6 months after 2 years of PD1 inhibitor (PD1i) monotherapy and embryo implantation led to a currently ongoing pregnancy. Notably this pt developed hypothyroidism with ICB use, controlled with levothyroxine, and has remained euthyroid during pregnancy to date. 3 pts (2 female, 1 male) receiving single agent PD1i in the localized setting conceived naturally at 2 yrs, 9 months and 2 months respectively post ICB. 4/8 pregnancies are currently ongoing without reported immunological complications. 3 deliveries have resulted in 4 children (including 1 set of twins). 1 of these pts had a 1st trimester miscarriage of unclear cause followed by successful pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes. First pregnancies occurred a median of 1 year post ICB (range 2-24 months). No autoimmune conditions in progeny were reported. Conclusions: Successful conception occurred both naturally and with reproductive assistance technologies post ICB. Most pts did not receive fertility counseling pre-ICB use, possibly reflective of nascent appreciation of complete and durable ICB responses. There were no definite adverse immunological complications reported in pregnancy or progeny of these pts. As ICB indications expand prospective evaluation of ICB impact on fertility in pts desirous of a family is critical and consequently we are integrating longitudinal fertility analysis in neoadjuvant ICB protocols. [Table: see text]

Formulation and process determined fouling prediction for the continuous emulsion co polymerisation of vinyl acetate

Fouling is challenging for the industrial implementation of continuous emulsion polymerisations. A requirement for the development of successful anti-fouling concepts is an in-depth understanding of the processes involved in fouling and the knowledge of the main influencing factors. In this work, an experiment-based strategy was developed for the quantification of fouling trends and in order to calculate the expected fouling intensities during the continuous emulsion polymerisation of vinyl acetate copolymers. These, then, can be correlated with the direct process parameters temperature, initiator and emulsifier content and comonomer ratio. The expected fouling tendency for formulations could be determined in the investigated range with an accuracy of ± 15% referred to experimental validations.

Successful pregnancy conception in a young hypertensive woman after screening for secondary hypertension and treating its cause.

Journal Article Accepted manuscript Successful pregnancy conception in a young hypertensive woman after screening for secondary hypertension and treating its cause Get access Chen Zhang, Chen Zhang People's Hospital of Henan University, Department of Hypertension, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9772-3206 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Man Helian, Man Helian Department of Hypertension, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 4500003, China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Huiyun Qu, Huiyun Qu People's Hospital of Henan University, Department of Hypertension, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Huiyu Du, Huiyu Du People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Department of Hypertension, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Zhilan Liu, Zhilan Liu Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Hypertension, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jie Chen, Jie Chen People's Hospital of Henan University, Department of Hypertension, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Qi Huang, Qi Huang People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Department of Hypertension, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Linya Guo, Linya Guo People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Department of Hypertension, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Bing Nie, Bing Nie People's Hospital of Henan University, Department of Hypertension, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Min Liu Min Liu People's Hospital of Henan University, Department of Hypertension, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China Corresponding author: Min Liu, MD. Department of Hypertension, Henan Provincial People's Hospital; Zhengzhou, China. Tel: 86-13353800006; Fax: 0371-65580605; E-mail: liumin136@126.com Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Hypertension, hpad053, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpad053 Published: 26 May 2023 Article history Received: 05 May 2023 Published: 26 May 2023

Strengths of ecosystem services concept for radiation protection.

The successful ecosystem services concept, defined as the benefits people obtain from ecosystems is still not really reflected in the current approaches for protecting public and environment against radiation promoted by the International Commission on Radiological Protection or other similar approaches. Yet some recent thoughts from international organizations lead us to believe that an eco-based approach could be more promoted in the coming years in environmental radiation protection field. The French Institute for Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety has identified different fields of application of this concept into radiation protection, in line with its integrated approach of radiological risks management. As the ecosystem services approach makes it possible to highlight biophysical and socio-economic approaches of the impacts of ionizing radiation on ecosystems, it represents a subject of primary importance for future works conducted by IRSN. However, the operationality of the ecosystem services concept is the subject of many debates. In many situations, scientists have not yet fully understood how radioactive contamination could affect ecosystem services, and how to articulate with certainty cause and effect relationships between state of an ecosystem and provision of services. In addition, the concept is also accompanied by contradictory perceptions of the status of humans in ecosystems. To solve these knowledge gaps and uncertainties, it is necessary to acquire robust data on the impacts of radiation on ecosystems both under experimental and realistic conditions, and to integrate all potential consequences (direct and indirect, ecotoxicological but also economic and cultural).

Understanding the Phoenix Phenomenon: Can a Project Be Both a Failure and a Success?

While the concept of project success remains largely open nowadays, we introduce here the Phoenix phenomenon, namely a project being both a success and a failure. Our analysis of an automotive vanguard project exhibits key characteristics of a Phoenix phenomenon: the very innovative and ambitious nature of the project; a project management approach that hybridizes causal innovative project development and effectual approaches; the strategic and operational capacity of the company to recover and valorize after the initial failure; and the learnings from and the achievements of the project in renewed scenarios. We conclude that project evaluation must now combine retrospective and prospective assessments methods to evaluate both achieved outcomes and potentialities of a project.

The Importance of Feedback in Proctoring in Robotic Surgery - a Cornerstone of the Concept of Success?

Robot-assisted surgical methods are a development and supplement to conventional laparoscopy. Thus, appropriate training of surgeons in this specialty is indispensable. Especially for the initial phase, simulation programs - similar to those used in aviation - are ideally suited to introduce surgeons to the technically challenging surgical procedure. Later on, but still at the beginning of the learning curve, proctoring has proven its worth in order to allow the surgeon to be trained on site, to train him individually and to introduce him to more complex cases. An essential component of successful training concepts is the feedback: after some time and in written form, the surgeon to be trained receives a summary or a guideline, which describes the existing situation as well as suggestions for improvement and future potential. The implementation of such feedback allows the surgeon, in addition to the number of cases completed, to put his self-assessment into perspective and adjust development goals. Thus, feedback is the crucial interface between the beginning of a learning curve and advanced surgical skills, including the possibility of realistic self-assessment.