Economic Concepts Research Articles

Utilization of waste tire derived activated carbon as CO2 capture and photocatalyst for CO2 conversion

The aims of this research were to prepare activated carbon (AC) impregnated with tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) for use in carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and to then develop the AC-TEPA sorbent with titanium dioxide (TiO2) as a catalyst for photocatalytic reduction. The AC was impregnated with TEPA at three loading levels (2.5, 5, and 10% [w/w]) and then examined for its CO2 adsorption capacity under an ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. The use of 5% (w/w) TEPA-impregnated AC (AC_5T) provided the highest CO2 adsorption capacity and long-term operation with a regeneration ability for up to 10 cycles. Then, AC_5T-doped TiO2 (AC_5T-TiO2) was prepared as a photocatalytic reduction catalyst, since the presence of carbon and nitrogen in AC_5T could reduce the band gap energy and so enhance the photocatalytic reduction. In addition, the CO2-saturated AC_5T was used as a CO2 source that could be directly converted to valuable chemicals using the AC_5T-TiO2 catalyst under photocatalytic reduction. Products were obtained in both the liquid (methanol) and gaseous (methane, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen) phases. Accordingly, the challenge of this research was to make valuable products from CO2 and to manage waste tires, following the circular economy concept.

Circular Economy for Sustainability: A Bibliometric Analysis for the Tourism/Hospitality Field

The tourism and hospitality sector is known for its excessive consumption of natural resources, waste generation, and negative environmental impacts. The concept of circular economy (CE) has gained increasing attention in recent years as a strategy to promote sustainability and resource efficiency in various industries, including tourism and hospitality. This bibliometric analysis aims to provide a comprehensive overview of current research trends regarding the adoption of CE principles in the tourism and hospitality sector. Unlike conventional methods, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis combined studies from Web of Science and Scopus databases between 2013 and 2024 using the keywords circular economy, tourism, and hospitality. In this research, which includes 314 articles selected in accordance with the PRISMA protocol, it is seen that CE applications are becoming increasingly important. The research results show that there has been a significant increase in the number of publications since 2015; the most productive countries are Italy, Spain, and China, and topics such as waste management and recycling stand out as motor themes. It is thought that the number of studies on practical applications and niche themes should increase and future research suggestions are presented.

Unequal exposure: An inclusive approach to teaching environmental justice

Environmental justice issues have been absent or downplayed in most environmental economics textbooks and classes. This omission is a lost opportunity to teach and extend core economic concepts while attracting a diverse set of students. In this article, the authors share different perspectives and teaching materials to introduce an environmental justice module into an environmental economics course. Their approach combines traditional economic concepts and methods with case studies and insights from other disciplines. This approach is proposed in the hope of advancing two goals. First, the approach aims to create a module accessible and appealing to a broader set of students than is traditionally represented in the economics discipline. Second, the materials help convey the relevance of economic ideas and analysis to real-world issues.

Circular economy of the agricultural sector: Strategies and challenges in the context of globalisation

The study aimed to validate the necessity of formulating and executing plans for incorporating the concepts of the circular economy into Ukraine's agriculture sector, while considering the impacts of globalisation and problems arising from the war. This study examined the fundamental principles and intellectual underpinnings that differentiate the circular economy from the conventional economic model. The undamental concept of the circular economy in the agricultural sector was justified, and the primary benefits of implementing this economic model in the field of agriculture were established. The European Commission has approved the strategy for the Common Agricultural Policy for the period 2023-2027. This strategy emphasises the primary responsibilities that EU member states must undertake to implement the principles of the circular economy in agriculture. The primary patterns in the operation of agriculture in Ukraine are recognised, and the significance of the agricultural sector in the framework of gross domestic product (GDP) formation and foreign exchange profits is established. The destruction of infrastructure, mining activities, and occupation of regions resulted in a decline in the cultivated land and animals, leading to a loss in physical productivity. Due to the war, there has been a decline in production and logistics capabilities, resulting in a large fall in the export of agricultural products. Consequently, the profitability of firms in this sector of the Ukrainian economy has also decreased. Ukrainian agricultural firms lack the financial resources to independently support creative development, which includes the implementation of new technology solutions that form the foundation of the circular economy. Considering the effects of globalisation and military conflict, it is justified that prioritising innovation and investment support, particularly by the State, should be a strategic direction for implementing the principles of the circular economy of agriculture in Ukraine. This approach will enhance economic efficiency and create new opportunities

Seeking for an Image and its Satirical Reading in a Foreign Language as a Cognition Tool Using the Example of Economic Concepts Research

Seeking for an Image and its Satirical Reading in a Foreign Language as a Cognition Tool Using the Example of Economic Concepts Research

Research on momentum conversion in sports

Momentum, traditionally examined in sports, is an ability to increase or develop continuously, impacting mental and physical performance in a pattern akin to human preferences, which are complex and non-linear. This research explores momentum in sports, particularly tennis, integrating it with the economic concept of diminishing marginal utility to analyze momentum shifts. Using data from the 2023 Wimbledon men's singles, the study dissects momentum into absolute and relative measures, revealing server advantage and precise models with an R-square value of 0.877. It employs macro and micro perspectives to link momentum with success, affirming its significant impact on win rates and performance dimensions. A GARCH model identifies influential factors in momentum transitions, informing strategies for game control. Applying the model to basketball, specifically a 2024 Clippers-Celtics NBA game, maintains strong predictive capabilities, indicating its broader applicability. Practical recommendations for tennis coaches and players, grounded in empirical findings, conclude the study, emphasizing strategic momentum utilization.

Using the model of closed-loop economy in certain branches of the agro-industrial complex

From agricultural production to domestic consumption of products, the food industry produces huge amounts of waste every year, which leads to contamination of soil, water and air. Waste created upon processing agricultural raw materials and using axillary materials, such as additives, certain chemical components, fuel and so on, enhances an impact of the food chain on the environment leading to depletion of natural resources. In the last few years, production branches of economy, including the agro-industrial complex, have made attempts to maintain the balance between their impact on the environment, the use of resources, well-being of the population and economic benefits. This trend stimulates the intensive development of the theory of circular (cyclic) economy or closed-loop economy and facilitates a search for methods of its realization in the real economic system. The paper summarizes the main specific features typical of circular economy: strengthened control of supply of limited natural resources and maintenance of the stable balance of renewable resources; optimization of consumption processes by development and use of products, components and materials that correspond to the highest level of their reuse; detection and prevention of negative external effects of current production activities to increase efficiency of the economic and ecological systems. With that, despite the fact that the concept of circular economy was formulated several decades ago, its comprehensive definition is still a subject of discussions. Ambiguity of the existing definitions shows that the concept of closed-loop economy has different meaning for stakeholders. The paper examines several aspects of using elements of closed-loop economy in certain branches of the agro-industrial complex, including the meat industry. A special attention in this work is given to the introduction of modern technologies and equipment for efficient processing of waste from crop husbandry, animal husbandry and meat production to include it into the economic turnover. In addition, ecological problems arising in the course of activities of enterprises of the food and processing industries are examined and the possibilities of solving these problems by introduction of the model of circular economy have been established. Risks and barriers preventing transition of Russia to the model of circular economy have been revealed. The authors propose measures and directions of scientific research aimed at the development and introduction of elements of closed-loop economy in the meat sub-complex, including related branches of the agro-industrial complex.

Opportunities and risks of the blue economy for innovative companies in the sustainable aquaculture sector

The oceans play a crucial role in the global ecosystem and offer solutions to meet the growing demand for food, water, and energy. However, a new economic concept is needed to regulate and sustainably exploit the maritime resources offered by the marine ecosystem to ensure sustainable development. It is in this initiative that the concept of the blue economy has emerged, in response to the inadequacy of measures taken by States to meet their obligations and achieve their objectives in terms of marine biodiversity conservation. This is how the blue economy concept was born, in response to the inadequacy of state measures to conserve marine biodiversity. This concept proposes an innovative solution integrating aquatic and human resources into sustainable economic activities. The aim of this study is to understand the opportunities and threats that the blue economy represents for innovative companies. This short literature review, based on a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) diagnosis of innovative companies, identified a number of obstacles to the development of the blue economy, such as climate change, lack of financing and the lack of instruments for measuring the performance of the blue economy. Action strategies could be implemented to mitigate risks, threats and hazards, and consider an economic approach that reconciles marine and terrestrial ecosystems.

Gender segregation in the labor market in Kazakhstan

The purpose of the research is to conduct a literary review of studies related to the gender division in the economy and occupational segregation in labor relations, to identify the determinants of the gender gap in the labor market and to assess the level of discrimination against women in Kazakhstan. The article reflects the main problems of the formation and development of the gender economy, including the methodology of gender segregation in the labor market. The main theoretical concepts of gender economics used in the research of foreign and modern Kazakh economists are identifi ed. Methodology – methods of historical analysis, factological (statistical) analysis and forecasting. Originality / value of the research is to identify the problems of modern gender segregation in the labor market of Kazakhstan through a review of research related to gender inequality in the labor market. Findings – a review of the literature showed that there are diff erent concepts of gender segregation in the labor market. Most of the research is aimed at solving applied problems of the gender economy of Kazakhstan, in addition, methodological tools developed by foreign economists are not adapted to the study of Kazakh reality. Most of the studies on gender discrimination in the labor market, especially in Kazakhstan, are of a practical nature. In addition, the interest of many authors in this problem manifests itself sporadically, that is, they do not present the results of systematic research.

Development of Healthy and Clean-Label Crackers Incorporating Apple and Carrot Pomace Flours

The valorization of fruit and vegetable side-streams from the juice industry is an important contribution to the optimization of food resources and is an environmentally friendly practice in line with the concepts of circular economy and sustainability. The aim of this work is to incorporate them back into the food value chain by adding them as ingredients in staple foods like crackers. This is also important in terms of food fortification, as they are rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds. Crackers are popular snacks with a huge global market value, enjoyed by consumers of all ages. The current study aims to integrate flour from dried apple and carrot pomaces, resulting from juice processing, as natural ingredients with potential health benefits. The incorporation levels ranged from 20 to 40% dry weight in crackers, and their impact on physicochemical and mechanical properties was evaluated, as well as bioactivity (potential impact on health) and sensory acceptance. The addition of pomaces resulted in significant changes in texture and color, as well as enhancing the antioxidant activity of the crackers. Crackers containing pomace flours, except for the cracker with 40% carrot pomace, showed a high overall sensory acceptability and good intentions to buy.

Identification of a multi-modal mechanism for Se(VI) reduction and Se(0) allotropic transition by Stenotrophomonas bentonitica.

Microorganisms can play a key role in selenium (Se) bioremediation and the fabrication of Se-based nanomaterials by reducing toxic forms (Se(VI) and Se(IV)) into Se(0). In recent years, omics have become a useful tool in understanding the metabolic pathways involved in the reduction process. This paper aims to elucidate the specific molecular mechanisms involved in Se(VI) reduction by the bacterium Stenotrophomonas bentonitica. Both cytoplasmic and membrane fractions were able to reduce Se(VI) to Se(0) nanoparticles (NPs) with different morphologies (nanospheres and nanorods) and allotropes (amorphous, monoclinic, and trigonal). Proteomic analyses indicated an adaptive response against Se(VI) through the alteration of several metabolic pathways including those related to energy acquisition, synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids, and transport systems. Whilst the thioredoxin system and the Painter reactions were identified to play a crucial role in Se reduction, flagellin may also be involved in the allotropic transformation of Se. These findings suggest a multi-modal reduction mechanism is involved, providing new insights for developing novel strategies in bioremediation and nanoparticle synthesis for the recovery of critical materials within the concept of circular economy.

Creative Economic Development With Local Knowledge Based on Green Economics From A Sharia Economic Perspective

This study aims to better understand the existence of the creative economy as a strategy predicted to be able to trigger competitiveness both on a national and international scale in order to face the modern market. Until now, unemployment, poverty, exploitation of nature on a large scale which ultimately causes inequality both in terms of social and growth The economy is still a classic problem that requires a solution. The green economy and the application of Sharia Economics through Maqashid Syariah have synergy in sustainable development. Humans, nature and creatures on earth are a unity that must be preserved for future generations. This research aims to describe the concept of synergy between the green economy concept and the Sharia Economic concept in Indonesia in order to realize sustainable development. Therefore, it is necessary to Harmony in getting this solution, one of which is economic harmonization and local wisdom which of course can trigger economic competitiveness, ultimately increasing productivity improve the standard of living of the community while maintaining existing culture and customs distinctive character viewed from an Islamic economic perspective.. This research is a qualitative descriptive research with literature study methods and content analysis. The results showed that the concept of green economy is in line with the concept of Sharia Economy. The role of Sharia Economy in Indonesia in the perspective of the Green Economy, including: Social Principles and Ethics of Islamic Business, Principles of Environmental Preservation and Reducing Social Problems, Principles of Sustainable Development, and Falah Principles which include the maintenance of religion, the maintenance of souls, the maintenance of reason, the maintenance of offspring, and the maintenance of property

From a traditional university to the development of the metaverse: network and target effects

Digital and information technologies are driving changes in traditional business models. Depending on the level of immersion in the digital environment, they are transformed into other formats: from offline business with a "digital shadow" to the creation of platforms and metaverse based on them. The study deals with the economic and target effects arising from the transition of a traditional university to the network business model of an educational metaverse. The concept of network economy and the theory of business models served as a methodological basis; general scientific research methods were used in the paper. Substantive changes in the business model of the university are clarified, the key differences of the educational metaverse are highlighted. The economic efficiency of the metaverse is achieved through the realization of network benefits, which, in turn, transforms the opportunities for achieving its mission as target efficiency.

The level of medical care accessibility in Russia: Regional differentiation

The need to consider economic risks and respond to demographic challenges pushes the issues of creating and maintaining the quality of regions’ human potential, as well as saving population health to the research agenda. The aim of the study is to investigate the resourcing of regional health care systems in Russia in order to determine the level of medical care accessibility. Methodologically, the paper relies on the concepts of systems and regional economics, labour economics. The study applies time series and comparative analyses, as well as index, score-rating methods, composite coefficients calculation. The data is the socioeconomic and health care statistics by federal districts for 2005–2022 taken from the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation. The paper finds that regions differ in terms of the level of the medical care accessibility. Reportedly, the Ural Federal District ranked high for the efficiency of regional health care systems in 2021, which, according to the analysis, is due to the developed systems of preventive and emergency care. Conversely, the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts were at the bottom of the ranking because of the deficit of physicians in emergency departments and scarce health care financing. The findings may underlie the development of measures on the improvement of health care resourcing, management, and efficiency both at national and regional levels.

Tax administration of digital economy: Concepts, problems and directions of development

The article argues that the international business landscape has changed due to advances in information and communication technologies (ICT), which have led to digital transformation in all sectors of the economy. These processes have required legislators to urgently adapt traditional taxation methods to the digital economy. The author considers the concept of digital economy, its implications for tax systems. An attempt is made to analyze the main problems in the context of tax administration of the digital economy. According to the author, the current rules governing international taxation are designed to apply to enterprises physically present in the country and are not suitable for “digital” companies that do not have an identifiable physical presence in the states in which they conduct economic activities. The current proposed solutions to tax problems are analyzed: the concept of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) within the framework of work on BEPS, unilateral introduction of digital service tax by countries or application of indirect taxes (VAT, WHT, etc.), the concept of “profit sharing”, changing the definition of permanent establishment by creating a new concept of “virtual (digital) permanent establishment”. It is concluded that the first component of the OECD concept and amending bilateral international tax conventions to include the definition of digital representation seem to be the most promising development options.

Municipal organic solid waste management in the concept of urban mining and circular economy: a model from Palestine

Municipal organic solid waste management in the concept of urban mining and circular economy: a model from Palestine

Strategy for Implementing the Blue Economy Concept for Community Empowerment in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals

Indonesia has around 17,500 islands spread throughout the archipelago and a coastline that stretches for 81,000 km, more than half of Indonesia's total area is sea and water. This geographical condition makes Indonesia a country that has rich marine resources. However, challenges such as illegal fishing and lack of empowerment of coastal communities threaten the sustainability of the fisheries sector. Implementing the Blue Economy concept is the key to achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Through a literature study, this article investigates strategies for implementing the Blue Economy in empowering communities in Indonesia to achieve the SDGs, especially goal 14: Life Below Water. Strategic steps are needed such as increasing supervision, developing technology and building infrastructure to improve community welfare and maintain the sustainability of marine resources. With great potential in the aquaculture sector, Indonesia can realize the vision of sustainable development through collaboration between various parties and the application of innovative and sustainable Blue Economy principles.

ЭКОНОМИКА ПРАВА

The author of the article explores the relationship between legal institutions and economic processes. Provides an analysis of how legal systems and rules affect economic activity, the efficiency of markets, the investment climate, and the overall prosperity of a society. The article discusses the main theoretical concepts of legal economics, such as the theory of legal rules, the theory of contracts and the theory of property rights. She also examines various aspects of the economics of law, including statistics of legal liability for economic crimes and legal regulation.

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Cultures and the Bioactivity of Their Root Microflora Are Affected by Amended Soil.

This study aimed to highlight the positive effects of various recycled organic substrates on lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L.) and to promote sustainable waste management practices, contributing to the concept of a circular economy. Over a two-month period, the growth potential and rhizosphere microflora of lettuce plants grown in soil amended with different recycled substrates were investigated. All data were compared, and the effects of the culture substrates were evaluated. All groups containing soil improvers offered a significant increase in the number of leaves per plant and, in two cases, an increase in dry biomass as well as an increase in the concentration of all leaf pigments. Both MDA and H2O2 concentrations were the lowest in two groups containing soil improvers (VG 5% and PLUS 10%). At the end of the culture period, isolation and culture of bacteria from the plant rhizosphere were performed. Different bacterial strains were isolated and tested for the production of antimicrobial agents against six microbial indicators (B. subtilis, E. coli, S. aureus, S. cerevisiae, C. albicans, and P. aeruginosa). The greater percentage of the isolated strains showed an ability to inhibit the growth of the B. subtilis index. Most of the strains with antimicrobial activity were isolated from the soil samples of the plain soil group and the soil amended with the commercial fertilizer. Three of the isolated strains originating from the Ginagro 5% group are multiproducers as they inhibit the growth of three microbial indicators or more.

The Influence of Employment Status, Education, and Age at First Marriage on Fertility in South Kuta District

High fertility can cause an increase in population which can have negative impacts such as social and economic inequality, increased competition for resources and jobs if it is not balanced with quality human resources. The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of employment status, education and age at first marriage on the fertility of women of childbearing age in South Kuta District. Determining the sample in this study used a purposive sampling technique with a sample size of 99 people. The types of data used are quantitative and qualitative data with primary and secondary data sources. The data collected was then analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis with the SPSS 29 program. The results of the study found that 1) Employment status, education and age at first marriage simultaneously influence the fertility of women of childbearing age in South Kuta District. 2) Employment status, education and age at first marriage have a partial negative effect on the fertility of women of childbearing age in South Kuta District. The implications of this research consist of theoretical and practical implications. Theoretically, this research supports the concept of time allocation theory and family economics which explains that decisions regarding fertility are influenced by economic considerations. The practical implications of the results of this research are that it can be used as material for consideration and input in managing population issues more effectively so as to improve the overall welfare of society in South Kuta District.