Conceptual Foundations Research Articles

FORMATION OF THE SUBJECT ENVIRONMENT IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS WITH THE USE OF MODERN ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGIES

The article outlines the principles of reformation of the subject-spatial environment in the New Ukrainian School based on the conceptual foundations of the Ministry of Education and Science. Modern pedagogy puts forward new requirements to educational centres, such as the creation of opportunities for flexible organization of learning. This process involves the formation of a multivariate subject environment for group and individual lessons fitted out with innovative furniture and equipment, various configurations of mobile learning spaces, and in general promotes the development of children’s teamwork skills motivating them to learn. The development of new models of student furniture based on the principles of versatility and multi-functionality is considered to be the most promising component of the future change of the subject environment. The article analyses the possibilities of designing furniture and equipment through the use of additive manufacturing technologies that are becoming more accessible to a wide range of consumers, while the production of such elements with the use of 3D printing opens up wide opportunities for designers and constructors. Other advantages of manufacturing of innovative furniture with the help of 3D printing include individual approach, creative ideas, short manufacturing period, and the possibility of equal use by all participants of the educational process owing to the principles of universal design. All of these principles can be realized using a combination of both traditional production and new technologies. Such furniture and equipment perfectly complement the educational subject environment and make it more technologically advanced, environmentally friendly, expressive and original. The rational consumption of natural resources, environmental impact, and recycling principles represent the environmental component of the manufacture of furniture and equipment for the educational environment, allowing the participants of the educational process of the New Ukrainian School to form a personality that acquires environmental literacy, a culture of environmental behaviour, and realizes the importance of caring for the environment for the sake of own life and health and lives of others. Keywords: education, school, subject environment, inclusion, additive technologies, 3D printing, universal design, ecology, recycling.

Новый подход в вопросах преподавания юридических дисциплин: формирование тезаурусной сферы российского студента

The author proposes to consider the issue of the need to introduce the thesaurus approach into educational activities in the teaching of legal disciplines. The purpose of the scientific research is to comprehend the conceptual foundations for the application of thesaurus analysis in the educational process in the study of various branches of law. The applied method of theoretical research allowed the author to formulate the conclusion that the use of the thesaurus approach in teaching will allow focusing not only on the knowledge offered by legal disciplines, but also become a general humanitarian methodological tool for creating the immunity of a Russian student — «professional significance and usefulness». The relevance of the issues chosen by the author is due to the current situation in the field of education, as in a system that forms a set of necessary knowledge, skills, competencies in relation to future specialists, contributing to the active search for new approaches in teaching various legal disciplines. The knowledge gained in the process of teaching such disciplines for a certified student determines the vector of their further choice of practical activity. Scientific and practical significance is seen in the advantages of the thesaurus approach as a methodological tool for obtaining knowledge that has no analogues in science. The development of legal disciplines through the use of the thesaurus approach in teaching allows future lawyers to integrate disparate information obtained by interdisciplinary knowledge into a single connected complex of knowledge. Teaching legal disciplines to Russian students is not only the transfer of a specific set of skills and competencies, but rather the formation of a special professional thinking and lifestyle based on the ideology of legality and justice, and shaped by the philosophy of the legal culture of society and the state.

Managing healthcare innovation activities in Kazakhstan for optimal effectiveness

ABSTRACT The purpose of the article is to substantiate the theoretical, methodological, and conceptual foundations for managing innovative activities in the healthcare system of the Republic of Kazakhstan and develop recommendations aimed at improving its effectiveness in modern conditions. This study employs a mixed-method approach, integrating retrospective analysis, statistical evaluation, and economic analysis to examine trends and performance in healthcare innovation within Kazakhstan. It utilizes dynamic and structural analysis to assess innovation effectiveness and identifies key factors influencing innovative activity through equity participation and ranking methods, underpinning recommendations for improved management practices. This article critically concludes that healthcare innovation in Kazakhstan must address the low effectiveness of current innovative activities, hindered primarily by insufficient demand and funding constraints. The study underscores the essential role of a robust management mechanism focused on resource allocation, service delivery efficiency, and digital technology integration. It highlights the necessity for strategic funding distribution, enhanced international cooperation, and leveraging higher education institutions for innovation drive. The findings advocate for comprehensive strategies to boost innovation’s commercial efficiency and suggest further research on implementing these strategies in the context of Kazakhstan’s unique socioeconomic landscape and healthcare needs. Priority recommendations aimed at improving the efficiency of managing the country’s healthcare innovation activities have been formed. The results obtained in the study can be useful both to the scientific community and to managers at various levels in the healthcare sector.

Survey on Resource Allocation for Future 6G Network Architectures: Cell-Free and Radio Stripe Technologies

Future beyond fifth-generation (B5G) and sixth-generation (6G) communication systems require a higher quality of service (QoS) along with meeting multiple objectives and traffic demands. Consequently, new multi-antenna technologies and massive multiple-input-multiple-output (mMIMO) architectures have been proposed in recent years. This paper delves into the foundational concepts that form the basis for the design of two potential future mMIMO network topologies: cell-free (CF) network and its successor, the radio stripe (RS) system. Key aspects of the mMIMO and CF network concepts are addressed, along with a practical sequential implementation based on RSs. This exploration encompasses intricate details of the channel estimation (CE) phase, as well as the uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) transmission and reception phases. We then focus on analyzing optimization concepts that underpin resource allocation (RA) algorithms, specifically those applied in UL power allocation and access point selection (APS) schemes in both CF and RS networks. This comprehensive understanding serves as a robust foundation for addressing the challenges inherent in achieving the conflicting B5G and 6G major key performance indicators (KPIs), such as enhancements on spectral efficiency (SE), power efficiency (PE), and computational complexity or load balance (LB).

Foundational concepts of collaborative practice with parents in occupational therapy for children.

In occupational therapy for children, collaborative practice with parents is crucial for meaningful family-centred interventions, yet it remains undefined and inconsistently addressed. This study aimed to establish foundational concepts for collaborative practice with parents in occupational therapy for children in progressing the field with a universal description. This paper encompasses the second dataset of a larger scoping review and a preliminary validation of findings by an advisory panel. Data were gathered from indexed sources on collaborative practice with parents in occupational therapy for children (ages 0-10) using MedLine, PsychInfo, ERIC, Embase, OTSeeker, Scopus, and ProQuest Central. Data were extracted, charted, and descriptively analysed by paired independent reviewers. The Joanna Briggs Institute Manual and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis-extension for Scoping Reviews were used. A draft definition of collaborative practices, developed based on preliminary review findings and an operational definition, was validated by an advisory panel of 13 experienced Australian occupational therapists, whose input was integrated into a final, comprehensive description of collaborative practice. The scoping review encompassed 299 sources, revealing three major components of collaborative practice: 'collaborative practice aims', 'parent-therapist partnership', and 'strategies for collaboration'. The advisory panel endorsed the draft definition, confirmed its professional relevance, and suggested some modifications. The major outcome of this study is an evidence-based and discipline-specific preliminary description of collaborative practice with parents in occupational therapy for children. This description provides a common language and foundational concepts for the future development of a collaborative practice framework to guide practice and research. Future studies can explore specific components, exploring their mechanisms and significance. Further expanded validation is required, incorporating the perspectives of a wider community of occupational therapists and families to enhance the description's applicability.

Collaborative practice with parents in occupational therapy for children: A scoping review.

In childhood intervention, parent-therapist collaboration is central to the family-centred approach. Despite long-standing discussion in occupational therapy literature, the field faces challenges, including inconsistent terminology and difficulties in translating theory into practice. This paper represents the first part of a comprehensive scoping review study aimed at developing foundational concepts for collaborative practices with parents in occupational therapy for children. Therefore, this paper focusses on mapping existing practices, types, and approaches articulated in the literature. We searched English-language sources published worldwide from 1998 to 2022 discussing collaborative practices with parents in occupational therapy for children aged 0-10 with any diagnosis, including multidisciplinary practices. Seven databases were searched. Data from peer-reviewed indexed literature, theses and dissertations, and book chapters were extracted and analysed through basic numerical and descriptive analyses before being synthesised into similar categories. The Joanna Briggs Institute Manual and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis-extension for Scoping Reviews were used. The scoping review yielded 299 papers. Parent-therapist collaboration was prominent in clinics, family homes, schools, and hospitals, particularly during therapy implementation, goal setting, and planning. Most reported practice types included 'interventions with parent engagement', 'parent-directed interventions', and 'parent education'. 'Family-centred', 'occupational-focussed', and 'client-therapist collaborative' approaches were frequently mentioned. There were inconsistencies in the terms used to describe collaborative practice characteristics. Over the past 24 years, the collaborative practice literature has expanded and evolved, with parent-therapist collaboration observed across various occupational therapy settings. Inconsistencies in this collaboration across different therapeutic stages were revealed, which could impact intervention success and sustainability. Further research is needed to explore parent-therapist collaboration mechanisms within and across stages. This scoping review also underscores the need for a common framework to guide practice and research. This literature review explores how occupational therapists and parents work together in childhood intervention. Collaboration is essential for understanding and meeting children's needs within their family and community settings. However, occupational therapists and parents face challenges in applying family-centred practices and using a common language to bridge theory with practice. To address these challenges, we examined 299 papers published between 1998 and 2022 to understand how collaborative practices with parents have been described in the literature. Our review revealed that therapists and parents collaborate across various settings, such as clinics, schools, homes, and hospitals, mainly during therapy sessions, goal setting, and planning interventions. Collaborative practices take different forms. For instance, therapists often encourage parents to actively engage and take the lead in therapy, requiring therapists to recognise and respect parents' priorities and learning preferences. They often develop strategies together to support the child within family routines. While we found several studies on therapist-parent collaboration, the review outlined inconsistencies in how this practice was described and applied, which could affect its success. Therefore, more research is needed to understand the best ways in which collaboration can occur at each stage of therapy. The need for a core guideline for collaborative practice with parents in occupational therapy was also observed. While therapist-parent collaboration is used in occupational therapy for children, there is a clear need to minimise inconsistencies and gaps found in the literature, as well as to ensure a common language to promote intervention quality and success.

Quantum Key Distribution In Quantum Communication

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) stands as a revolutionary paradigm in secure communication, leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics to establish cryptographic keys with unprecedented levels of security. This paper explores the foundational concepts and key protocols of QKD, emphasizing its role in addressing the vulnerabilities associated with classical key exchange methods. The discussion covers quantum entanglement, quantum superposition, and the no-cloning theorem as the cornerstones of QKD. Furthermore, the abstract delves into the practical implementations and challenges, highlighting the potential of QKD to redefine the landscape of secure communication in an increasingly interconnected world. Key words: Quantum Key Distribution, Quantum communication, quantum entanglement, cryptographic security, no-cloning theorem, secure communication, unbreakable security, quantum technology.

Overturning Children's Misconceptions about Ruler Measurement: The Power of Disconfirming Evidence.

Children have persistent difficulty with foundational measurement concepts, which may be linked to the instruction they receive. Here, we focus on testing various ways to support their understanding that rulers comprise spatial interval units. We examined whether evidence-based learning tools-disconfirming evidence and/or structural alignment-enhance their understanding of ruler units. Disconfirming evidence, in this context, involves having children count the spatial interval units under an object that is not aligned with the origin of a ruler. Structural alignment, in this context, involves highlighting what a ruler unit is by overlaying plastic unit chips on top of ruler units when an object is aligned with the origin of a ruler. In three experiments employing a pre-test/training/post-test design, a total of 120 second graders were randomly assigned to one of six training conditions (two training conditions per experiment). The training conditions included different evidence-based learning principles or "business-as-usual" instruction (control), with equal allocation to each (N = 20 for each condition). In each experiment, children who did not perform above chance level on the pre-test were selected to continue with training, which resulted in a total of 88 students for the analysis of improvement. The children showed significant improvement in training conditions that included disconfirming evidence, but not in the structural alignment or control conditions. However, an exploratory analysis suggests that improvement occurred more rapidly and was retained better when structural alignment was combined with disconfirming evidence compared to disconfirming evidence alone.

A randomized controlled study of a second grade numeracy intervention with Swedish students at-risk of mathematics difficulties.

Early numeracy interventions including basic arithmetic are crucial for young students at risk for early mathematics difficulties (MDs), yet few studies have evaluated numeracy interventions in second grade with a randomized controlled design. This pre- and post-test randomized controlled study evaluated the effects of an intensive 9-week numeracy and arithmetic programme for second-grade students at risk for early MDs. The focus of the programme was students' foundational understanding of numbers and mathematical concepts and procedural fluency with arithmetic tasks. A total of 753 first-grade students from 21 schools in Sweden were screened for low achievement in number knowledge and arithmetic. Students considered at risk for MDs (≤25 percentile on two consecutive first-grade mathematics screenings) were individually randomized to an intervention group (n = 32) or control group (n = 30) at the beginning of second grade (7-8 years old). Trained teachers administered the one-to-one, explicit programme to intervention group students in elementary school settings. The intervention group received numeracy instruction emphasizing foundational mathematics concepts and procedures. Controls received teaching as usual with potential special education support provided by their schools. The intervention group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in conceptual knowledge, arithmetic calculations and problem-solving compared to the control group, with medium size effects observed. A supplemental and intensive programme, with explicit instruction emphasizing numeracy, substantially improved knowledge and skills essential for arithmetic learning. Instruction in conceptual number knowledge and procedures also shows a significant impact on basic arithmetic problem-solving.

Modelling the growth of the network value

We investigate the evolution of network effects, specifically focusing on the emerging paradigm of third-generation networks known as group-forming networks (GFNs). In contrast to traditional views where network value adheres to Metcalfe’s quadratic growth or Sarnoff’s linear growth, GFNs, such as social networks and community-centric platforms like Apple, Microsoft, and Google, exhibit a distinct exponential growth pattern in network value as postulated by Reed’s hypothesis.Unlike conventional network science, economic perspectives on network effects do not necessitate precise knowledge of the network topology. Instead, they often align with mean-field models akin to those found in statistical physics. Recent empirical studies challenge earlier assumptions, revealing that many GFNs have undergone exponential or notably superquadratic growth, deviating significantly from established models based solely on user and link counts.This paper introduces a simplified model aimed at capturing the growth dynamics of marketable groups within a network comprising n users. The model explores various hypothetical mechanisms governing the expansion of these groups, and through rigorous analysis and simulation, we uncover compelling evidence that the observed growth in GFNs surpasses traditional quadratic models. Our findings challenge existing notions, suggesting a new framework for understanding the intricacies of network growth dynamics, and providing solid analytical and conceptual foundations for the recent explosive processes of economic and financial value growth of networks that exploit the formation of groups.

The Possible Effects of Music Therapy Based on Computer Generation on Depression

As a matter of fact, music therapy becomes a novel method on accout of the rapid development of high performances computation for music generation based on computing. The essay provides an in-depth look at how computer-assisted music synthesis has developed and how AI is increasingly being integrated into the creation of music for mental health applications, especially in the treatment of depressive disorders. It begins with a review of the historical context of computer music and the progression of AI in music generation, then moves on to discuss the underlying principles and clinical applications of music therapy.The study highlights how AI can enhance therapeutic interventions, acknowledges current limitations, and proposes future directions. By examining foundational concepts, theoretical underpinnings, practical applications, and emerging challenges, this paper contributes to understanding music's role in promoting well-being and addressing mental health disorders. The transformative potential of AI-driven music interventions is emphasized, advocating for interdisciplinary collaboration and responsible AI practices to enhance personalized treatment strategies.

Point-of-Care Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition.

A range of conditions involving the kidneys and urinary bladder can cause organ-threatening complications that are preventable if diagnosed promptly with diagnostic imaging. Common imaging modalities include either computed tomography or diagnostic ultrasound. Traditionally, ultrasound of the kidney-genitourinary system has required consultative teams consisting of a sonographer performing image acquisition and a radiologist performing image interpretation. However, diagnostic point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has recently emerged as a useful tool to troubleshoot acute kidney injury at the bedside. Studies have shown that non-radiologists can be trained to perform diagnostic POCUS of the kidneys and bladder with high accuracy for a set number of important conditions. Currently, diagnostic POCUS of the kidney-genitourinary system remains underused in actual clinical practice. This is likely because image acquisition for this organ system is unfamiliar to most clinicians in specialties that encounter acute kidney injury, including primary care, emergency medicine, intensive care, anesthesiology, nephrology, and urology. To address this multi-specialty educational gap, this narrative review was developed by a multi-disciplinary group to provide a specialty-agnostic framework for kidney-genitourinary POCUS image acquisition: indications/contraindications, patient positioning, transducer selection, acquisition sequence, and exam limitations. Finally, we describe foundational concepts in kidney-genitourinary ultrasound image interpretation, including key abnormal findings that every bedside clinician performing this modality should know.

Mapping the field of global research on data literacy: Key and emerging issues and the library connection

This study examines the evolution of data literacy research from 2005 to 2022 by analysing 997 documents identified in Elsevier’s Scopus databases. It highlights pivotal moments, such as the inaugural mention of data literacy in 2005, and observes a consistent increase in annual document production, indicating growing interest. Research articles, particularly in computer science/engineering, education and social sciences/humanities, dominate. The interdisciplinary nature of contributions spans social sciences, computer science and humanities, reflecting the universal applicability of data literacy. Keywords cluster around foundational concepts, educational contexts, specialized domains, and emerging trends like digital transformation and health literacy. The study emphasizes the crucial role of libraries in nurturing data literacy skills, serving as information hubs and providers of educational frameworks. The conclusions underscore the significant growth, interdisciplinary engagement and vital role of libraries. Emerging keywords highlight the evolving trends, ethical considerations and privacy concerns. Implications for further studies on interdisciplinarity and emerging issues were discussed.

Towards sustainable crop protection in agriculture: A framework for research and policy

CONTEXTEuropean countries have set ambitious targets to reduce the risks of pesticide use. Achieving these targets will require a large proportion of farmers to adopt sustainable crop protection practices. However, how to enable this transition and what are the best policies to support farmers remain open questions. OBJECTIVEHere, we provide a coherent review of existing evidence and new insights into farmer decision-making and policy analysis in the context of the transition to more sustainable crop protection. We synthesise and extend the empirical evidence and the conceptual and methodological foundations to examine farmers' decisions to adopt sustainable crop protection and to assess the potential of different policy measures to support this transition. Our analysis focuses on European agriculture. METHODSWe provide a framework and synthesise evidence by reviewing the literature and combining agronomic and economic perspectives. We focus on three issues: i) indicators for empirical analyses of adoption of sustainable crop protection practices; ii) behavioural perspectives on farmer adoption; iii) insights into methodological approaches for assessing adoption of sustainable crop protection practices and related policies. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONWe have identified four main findings and implications. First, sustainable crop protection practices consist of combinations and bundles of individual measures that are not currently regularly considered in policy instruments and policy analysis. Second, definitions of adoption should move from simple adoption metrics to impacts, for example on pesticide risk reduction. Third, behavioural factors are highly relevant to farmers' adoption decisions, but are currently under-researched and under-represented in the field of sustainable crop protection practices. Fourth, the tools currently used for policy analysis do not allow these key aspects to be represented. We draw policy conclusions. SIGNIFICANCEOur analyses help guide policy decisions to achieve pesticide use and risk reduction objectives, and have implications for pesticide policy in Europe and beyond. We identify gaps in current conceptual and methodological approaches, promising avenues for future research, and ways to make results more coherent and comparable. Our analysis thus provides new insights and templates to guide future research and policy analysis on the adoption of sustainable crop protection approaches.

Toward a Theology of Compassionate Release: Orthodox Christianity and the Dilemma of Assisted Dying. Confronting End-of-Life Realities with Faith and Compassion

This article examines the subtle interconnection between the sanctity of life and individual autonomy within the context of assisted dying, as seen through the lens of Orthodox Christianity. It seeks to unravel the complex theological, ethical, and pastoral considerations that inform the Orthodox stance on end-of-life issues, particularly the nuanced understanding of suffering, death, and the redemptive potential encapsulated within them. Orthodox theology, with its profound veneration for life as a divine gift, offers a counter-narrative to contemporary discourses that often prioritize personal autonomy and the alleviation of suffering above all. This tradition emphasizes the transformative power of suffering when united with Christ’s own redemptive suffering, proposing a vision of end-of-life care that is rooted in compassion, dignity, and hope for resurrection. The exploration begins with a historical and theological examination of the Orthodox perspective on life’s sanctity, engaging with the teachings of Church Fathers and contemporary theological and bioethical discussions. It highlights the foundational concepts of Orthodox anthropology, which perceives human beings as an indivisible unity of body and soul, reflecting the imago Dei. This anthropological understanding challenges reductionist views of human existence and informs the Orthodox approach to medical ethics, palliative care, and the spiritual accompaniment of the dying. By critically evaluating arguments for and against assisted dying, the article presents a balanced discourse that respects the depth of individual suffering while upholding the intrinsic value of life. It argues that Orthodox Christianity, through its rich theological heritage and pastoral practice, provides a compassionate and ethically nuanced framework for navigating the moral complexities of assisted dying. This framework advocates for an end-of-life care that honors the fullness of the human person, supports the spiritual journey toward eternal life, and fosters a communal embrace of life’s sacred threshold, offering a dignified passage that aligns with the faith’s deepest convictions about human destiny and divine grace.

Subdiffraction Imaging of Cleared and Expanded Large-Scale Tissues.

The quest for high spatial resolution in molecular identification is critical across various domains, including physiology, pathology, and pharmaceutical research. Super-resolution microscopy has made strides by surpassing the Abbe diffraction limit, but it relies on sophisticated equipment and is limited by the sample size to handle. Expansion microscopy, an emerging technique, has broadened the scope of subdiffraction imaging. It chemically preserves tissues at a large scale and physically enlarges them 4-20 times linearly, enabling super-resolution observation. This review begins by exploring the foundational concepts of tissue clearing and the latest methodologies in the field. It then delves into the core tenets of expansion microscopy, covering a range of protocols. The review spotlights advancements in enhancing resolution, improving labeling efficiency, and ensuring isotropic tissue expansion. Finally, the review offers insights into the prospective evolution of expansion microscopy. It emphasizes the potential role of machine learning in refining image quality and in the autonomous extraction of data, which could revolutionize the way we visualize and understand biological tissues.

Foreign Policy Aspects of the Activities of the State Duma of the Russian Federation of the First Convocation (on the 30th Anniversary of the Start of Work)

The article considers the foreign policy aspects of the activities of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the First convocation. The specifics of the main results of parliamentary votes of this period, which were related to international-political realities, in the context of their relationship with the conceptual foundations and implementation of Russian foreign policy, have been characterized. Features of the composition and nature of the activities of the lower house of the Russian parliament of this period have been identified. The conceptualization of the Russian Federation’s foreign policy has been analyzed. The initiatives and decisions of the State Duma of the Russian Federation of the First convocation in the field of foreign policy and international relations have been assessed. It is shown that these were due to the specifics of its personal composition, where there was no strict factional discipline and a clear advantage of any political force, which determined the need for situational interaction. The normal work of the lower house of parliament became possible largely due to the efforts of its Chairman, who took a centrist position. It is substantiated that the State Duma, operating in conditions of complex socio-economic problems and the colossal weakening of Russia’s international political positions, demonstrated significant activity in international political initiatives that covered a wide range of topical issues with an emphasis on the situation in the states of the post-Soviet space. These decisions were relatively balanced, which was explained by the approximately equal distribution of resources between the so-called “left”, “right”, “centrists” and “national patriots”, as well as the presence of “common bloc” issues, positions on which coincided or did not cause obvious contradictions. The international political initiatives of the State Duma of the First convocation were distinguished by greater realism and emphasis on the protection of national interests than the content of conceptual documents and the foreign policy course pursued by the state. This happened against the background and simultaneously with the beginning of the process of rethinking the foreign policy approaches of the Russian Federation, which had a significant influence on it.

Conceptual foundations and prospects of green construction in the Russian Federation at the present stage

Conceptual foundations and prospects of green construction in the Russian Federation at the present stage

Perspectives on policing education and careers: insights from undergraduate students of China’s police academies

This study delves into the perspectives of Chinese police academy undergraduate students concerning their education and career paths within police academies. Employing a qualitative research design, in-depth interviews were conducted with undergraduate students from a leading police academy in China. The focus of the interviews centered on unraveling the cognitive transitions experienced by undergraduate students during their academy tenure, encompassing their perceptions of the police community and adherence to rigorous police discipline. The analysis revealed a profound transformation in undergraduate students, evolving from high-school graduates into aspiring law enforcement officers, manifesting in both behavioral and psychological dimensions. Undergraduate students developed a strong sense of identity with the police community and embraced the principles of police discipline, aligning themselves closely with these foundational concepts. Notably, robust collectivism was observed among undergraduate students. While showcasing a high level of enthusiasm for academic pursuits, concerns regarding potential challenges in their future policing roles were also articulated. This exploration establishes connections with the Social Cognitive Career Theory, shedding light on the dynamic cognitive processes and identity development experienced by police academy undergraduate students as they navigate their educational and career trajectories.

Судебная доктрина «привлекающего источника опасности» в теории и практике американских судов

The author explores the conceptual foundations of the attractive nuisance doctrine, which is applied by the American courts of most US states. At the same time, the judicial doctrine is defined by the author as a complex of legal positions generated on the basis of a number of precedent decisions, consisting of the main thesis (theses) as a substantial core (principle, idea), and developing its «peripheral» provisions of a substantive and procedural nature. The paper concludes that attractive nuisance doctrine is recognized as an integral part of US tort law.