Concept Of Zone Research Articles

Optimal hinge level in opening wedge high tibial osteotomy: Biomechanical analysis using finite element method

BackgroundWhile the concept of a safe zone, which can minimize the hinge fracture when performing opening wedge high tibial osteotomy, has been introduced, there is a lack of understanding of the biomechanical environment at the lateral tibial cortex. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the hinge level on the biomechanical environment at the lateral cortex of the tibia with heterogeneous finite element models. MethodsFinite element models of biplanar opening wedge high tibial osteotomy based on computed tomography images of a control subject and three patients with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis were created. In each model, three different hinge levels (proximal, middle, and distal) were set. The process of opening the gap during the operation was simulated, and the maximum von Mises stress values at the lateral tibial cortex were calculated for each hinge level and correction angle. FindingsThe maximum von Mises stress value at the lateral tibial cortex was the lowest when the hinge was at the middle, while the value was the highest when the hinge was at the distal level. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that a higher correction angle yielded a higher probability of lateral tibial cortex fracture. InterpretationThe findings of this study demonstrate that the hinge at the point where the upper end of the articular cartilage of the proximal tibiofibular joint is located provides the least possibility of lateral tibial cortex fracture, as this is an anatomically independent position from the fibula.

One jurisdiction away from a healthier ecosystem? The impacts of jurisdictional zones on the health of large marine ecosystems

The Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) divides the world ocean into different maritime zones. This division has led to situations where similar marine resources may be subject to different legal frameworks and requirements, even if they are, in ecological and geographical terms, part of the same Large Marine Ecosystem (LME). At least according to the environmental management literature, the mismatch between jurisdictional (maritime) zones and ecosystem boundaries is inherently harmful to marine ecosystems. This paper tries to validate this narrative by applying the Ocean Health Index (OHI) in relation to LMEs according to their ‘jurisdictional situation.’ Each of the five jurisdictional situations identified has different standings vis-à-vis UNCLOS. Thus, associating this concept with the OHI framework serves as the foundation to analyse whether or not the (mis)match of jurisdictional zones and LME boundaries has any measurable effects on an ecosystem’s health. This paper settles on two conclusions: one idealistic and one realistic. Idealistically, empirical evidence suggests that the concept of jurisdictional zones is incoherent from an ecological perspective, since they represent a risk factor for ecosystem-based management. This is concluded because ecosystems in jurisdictional situations with fewer jurisdictional zone intersections tend to receive better ocean health scores on average compared to their counterparts in other situations. However, realistically speaking, the same evidence is simultaneously inconclusive in validating the literature’s narrative. This is concluded considering that no direct correlation between the factors ‘fewer jurisdictional borders’ and ‘healthier marine ecosystems’ was attested; most likely, due to a vast number of cofounding biophysical, social-economic, and institutional considerations.

Environmental Monitoring Program in Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica) Packing Plant Guanajuato, Mexico

The state of Guanajuato in Mexico is known for its large production of vegetables not only for the local and national market, but also for the international market, especially the North American market, to which it exports mainly species such as broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica), among other products. In this sense, one of the organizations located in the municipality of Dolores Hidalgo, C. I. N., in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico, has a safety management system in accordance with the PrimusGFS system guidelines, which is recognized by the Global Food Safety Initiative (GFSI) and is therefore recognized worldwide (GFSI, 2022). Within this food safety scheme, a microbiological environmental monitoring program is required as a preventive control to avoid contamination of pathogenic microorganisms to the product from surfaces in direct contact as well as those that are not in direct contact but are part of the production environment. In environmental microbiological assessment, the zone concept is widely used and represents the basis for assessments accepted by international public health and food microbiology bodies such as the International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods, ICMSF.

Migrancy and utopia: the global network in Yamashita’s Tropic of Orange and Hamid’s Exit West

ABSTRACT This paper attends to the utopian imagination circulating in Mohsin Hamid’s Exit West (2017) and Karen Tei Yamashita’s Tropic of Orange (1997). These texts exemplify the formal innovation assigned to migrancy fiction more generally, a genre characterised by its embrace of mobility in content as well as in form. Alongside migrancy novels, utopian fiction both maps and distorts the networks and infrastructures that generate wealth inequality on a global scale. But while previous studies have touched on the utopian implications to migration fiction, this paper elaborates on the affordances of placing these fields into full dialogue. To develop this last point, this paper draws from Mary Louise Pratt’s influential concept of the contact zone in order to acknowledge the different scales of utopian thinking within (and between) Tropic of Orange, which demarcates a specific utopian community, and Exit West, which imagines a global commons. Approaching these texts through the lens of the contact zone helps bring into focus how mundane technologies create inequality today but might be repurposed to radically remake society in the future.

Method of Calculation of a Road Tunnel Illumination

The study proposes a method of electrical lighting calculation for a road tunnel, which allows estimating locations of selected luminaires providing the required road surface luminance distribution in the areas of vehicle driver adaptation while driving through a tunnel during daytime. The method is based on the adopted concepts of saturation curve and luminance saturation zone which are used for building of a step curve approximating the set zonal distribution of luminance. The basic terms of the method and the calculation algorithm as well as an example of calculation of luminaire locations in the tunnel luminance zones illustrated by comparison of estimated and pre-set luminance distributions are presented.

Developing a CNN-based, block-scale oriented Local Climate Zone mapping approach: A case study in Guangzhou

The limited available urban land in megacities is represented by large areas of impervious underlying surfaces and buildings, which are expressed by the basic urban fabric unit of the “city block.” The concept of the Local Climate Zone (LCZ) scheme is capable of quantifying the combined influences that different urban elements have on block-scale local climates, rendering block-scale LCZ classification and block-scale-oriented LCZ map production crucial for climate-conscious urban planning and design. Taking the city of Guangzhou as a case study, deep learning was combined with the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to perform effective image recognition, vector cutting, and automatic area statistics based on multilevel road networks. Road network division, block area processing, characteristic parameter calculation, and LCZ classification were integrated to automatically generate block-scale-oriented LCZ maps, which was achieved via threshold contrast using the recommended parameter intervals of the calculated characteristic parameters. Basic land surface temperature (LST) data for summer to winter in Guangzhou were then applied, and correlation analysis was conducted between the block-scale LST vector and LCZ characteristic parameters. The results demonstrate the applicability and potential of the CNN algorithm for urban climate analysis. The developed CNN-based LCZ mapping approach prioritizes “block” scale analysis and typical characteristic parameters in each block are obtained with high calculation accuracy. This study contributes to guiding parameterized climate-sensitive urban planning.

(192) The Perceptibility Difference between Glans Penis and Penile Shaft in Primary Premature Ejaculation

Abstract Introduction The penis is a vital perceptor that transmits perceived signals to ejaculation-related centers. The penis consists of the glans and the shaft, and histology and innervation differ considerably. Does this difference affect their perceptibility? Objective This paper aims to investigate whether perceived signals are different using the glans penis or penile shaft as the perceptor zone and whether hypersensitivity of the penis is the whole or the part. Methods Through somatosensory evoked potentials, thresholds, latencies, and amplitudes were recorded in 290 cases of primary premature ejaculation, using the penis and penile shaft as the perceptor areas, respectively. Results (1) Thresholds, latency, and amplitude of the glans penis and penile shaft in patients were significant differences (P< 0.05) (2) The latency of the glans penis or penile shaft was shorter than average (hypersensitivity) in 141 cases (48.62%), of which 50 cases (35.5%) were sensitive to both the glans and shaft of the penis, 14 cases (9.93%) were sensitive to the glans only and 77 cases (54.6%) were sensitive to the shaft only. (P <0.05) Conclusions There are differences in the signals perceived with the glans penis and the penile shaft as the perceptive zone. Penile hypersensitivity does not necessarily mean that the whole penis is hypersensitive. We classify the penile hypersensitivity into three categories: the glans, the shaft, or the whole penile hypersensitivity, and we put forward the new penis high sensitivity zone concept. Disclosure No

Applying water environment capacity to assess the non-point source pollution risks in watersheds

Comprehension of the spatial and temporal characteristics of non-point source (NPS) pollution risk in watersheds is essential for NPS pollution research and scientific management. Although the concept of water functional zones (WFZ) has been considered in the NPS pollution risk assessment process. However, no comprehensive study of the NPS pollution risk has been conducted to effectively protect water quality in watersheds with different water environment capacity. Therefore, this study proposes a new NPS pollution risk assessment method that integrates water functional zoning, receiving water body environmental capacity, and space-time distribution of pollution load for quantifying the impact of pollution discharge from sub-catchment on nearby water body quality. Based on the NPS nutrient loss process modeled by the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), this method was used to assess the NPS pollution risk in the Le 'an River Watershed at annual and monthly scales. The results showed that the NPS pollution risk is characterized by seasonal and spatial variability and is influenced clearly by the water environment capacity. High NPS pollution loads are not necessarily high pollution risks. Conversely, a low NPS nutrient pollution load does not represent a low regional risk sensitivity. In addition, NPS risk assessment based on the water environment capacity could also distinguish the differences in risk levels that were masked by similar NPS pollutant loss and the same water function zoning to achieve accurate control of NPS pollution management in watersheds.

Malaysia-Vietnam Joint Development Agreement

1. Debate on joint development (JD) was triggered by the increasing of oil and gas exploitation activities since the 1960s in the marine areas where boundaries pass through or where claims overlap. The joint development zones (JDZs) concept also has increasingly been recognized by the international community as a peaceful and pragmatic alternative to resolve the economic and emotional battles of competing sovereign claims, to the extent that JDZs show potential in forming norms of practice and may shape future commercial conduct, hence they could become part of international economic law.1 2. Many disputes remain dormant and unresolved, primarily because there is no immediate economic incentive for countries to pursue remedies. Others have been resolved via Joint Development Agreements (JDAs), creating Joint Development Zones (JDZs) in which the competing countries hold shared interests. One significant example of territorial dispute resolved through JDA is the treaty between Malaysia and Vietnam with respect to the Malay Basin in the southern part of the Gulf of Thailand. Malaysia and Vietnam have been using a practical approach in settling territorial disputes through joint development. Both States adopted strong diplomatic understanding to address the disputes peacefully.

Optimal operation of cascaded hydropower plants in hydro-solar complementary systems considering the risk of unit vibration zone crossing

With the undergoing adjustment of the national energy structure of China, developing cascaded hydropower plants in hydro-solar complementary systems becomes an important way to optimize the energy structure. This study focuses on the risk that solar energy disturbances induce large load transfers between hydropower units that can cause hydropower units to frequently cross their vibration zones. Vibration zone crossing can further cause wear of mechanical components of hydropower units. To this end, considering the requirement of avoiding vibration zone crossing, the concept of the vibration zone crossing risk coefficient is introduced and a cascaded hydropower plant optimal operation model considering the risk of vibration zone crossing is proposed. Moreover, this is two-layer algorithm. This layer of algorithms includes improved migration model and migration operator is proposed to solve this mean a cascaded hydropower plant optimal operation model considering the risk of vibration zone crossing. Numerical simulation results based on the data of an actual hydropower plant are used to validate the proposed model and (IBBO-DP) algorithm.

Service life prediction of reinforced concrete structures subjected to corrosion: a comparative study

PurposeReliable estimations of the extent of corrosion and time required to reach specific safety limits are crucial for assessing the reliability of aging reinforced concrete (RC) bridges. Engineers and decision-makers can use these figures to plan suitable inspection and maintenance operations.Design/methodology/approachAnalytical, empirical and numerical approaches for estimating the service life of corroded RC structures were presented and compared. The concrete cover cracking times, which were predicted by the previously proposed analytical models, were compared with the experimentally obtained cracking times to identify the model/s for RC bridges. The shortcomings and limitations of the existing models are discussed.FindingsThe empirical models typically depend on the rate of corrosion, diameter of steel reinforcement and concrete cover depth and based on basic mathematical formula. In contrast, the analytical and numerical models contain the strength and stiffness properties of concrete as well as type of corrosion products and incorporate more complex mechanical factors. Four existing analytical models were analyzed and their performance was evaluated against existing experimental data in literature. All the considered analytical models were assumed thick-walled cylinder models. The maximum difference between observed cracking time from different test data and calculated cracking time using the developed models is 36.5%. The cracking times extend with increase in concrete cover and decrease with corrosion current density. The development of service life prediction models that considers factors such as heterogeneity of concrete, non-uniform corrosion along rebar, rust production rate and a more accurate representation of the corrosion accommodating region are some of the areas for further research.Research limitations/implicationsOutcome of this paper partially bridge the gap between theory and practice, as it is the basis to estimate the serviceability of corrosion-affected RC structures and to propose maintenance and repair strategies for the structures. For structural design and evaluation, the crack-width criterion is the greatest practical importance, and structural engineers, operators and asset managers should pay close attention to it. Additionally, repair costs for corrosion-induced serviceability failures, particularly concrete cracking and spalling, are significantly higher than those for strength failures. Therefore, to optimize the maintenance cost of RC structures, it is essential to precisely forecast the serviceability of corrosion-affected concrete structures. The lifespan of RC structures may be extended by timely repairs. This helps stake holders to manage the resources.Practical implicationsIn order to improve modeling of corrosion-induced cracking, important areas for future research were identified. Heterogeneity properties of concrete, concept of porous zone (accommodation effect of pores should be quantified), actual corrosion morphology (non-uniform corrosion along the length of rebar), interaction between sustain load and corrosions were not considered in existing models. Therefore, this work suggested for further researches should consider them as input and develop models which have best prediction capacity.Social implicationsThis work has positive impact on society and will not affect the quality of life. Predicting service life of structures is necessary for maintenance and repair strategy plans. Optimizing maintenance strategy is used to extend asset life, reduce asset failures, minimize repair cost, and improve health and safety for society.Originality/valueThe degree of accuracy and applicability of the existing service life prediction models used for RC were assessed by comparing the predicted cracking times with the experimentally obtained times reported in the literature. The shortcomings of the models were identified and areas where further research is required are recommended.

Contact Zones in the Energy Transition: A Transdisciplinary Complex Problem

The success of energy transition relies on what happens in the contact zone, the area between citizens and municipality governments, which still awaits more thorough research. This article employs the concept of the contact zone both as a theory describing processes of developing energy prosumerism on a local level, and as a research method which enables one to uncover phenomena that are critical to attaining climate objectives. The research field was the Warmia and Mazury Province in Poland, which is the region with the lowest socio-economic potential both in Poland and in the European Union. The analyzed contact zone was divided into two parts: the human administrative legal contact zone and the more-than-human energy contact zone. To describe the relationships occurring in these subzones, the authors used empirical data originating from a survey addressed to citizens living in the above province. The aim was to explore the respondents’ knowledge about current prosumption processes and the opportunities to implement them in the local government sector. Multiple correspondence analysis was used to analyze the data. The main findings were the low knowledge of citizens about prosumption, which was represented by a large number of the prosumption principles not indicated by the respondents, and—on the other hand—the evidence that local communities expect the implementation of digital prosumption, which they know from the market sector, in public administration. It was also demonstrated that the absence of citizens’ involvement in the energy transition is a consequence of two historic colonialisms, German and Russian, which had a huge influence on the emergence of an autocratic management style in the analyzed region. Comparison of the analyzed contact zones with two reference zones showed that grassroots movements in the province are initiated mainly by external factors of a nationwide character. In the Warmia and Mazury contact zones, civic initiatives are in the early stage of development, although they display all features of developed zones, such as autoethnographic gestures, transculturation, struggle, violence, and anti-conquest.

CONCEPT OF SOCIOLOGISATION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CENTRAL ZONE OF BORODYANKA

This paper attempts to look at the pain caused to one of the many settlements and find ways and methods to heal it, to cure the wounds caused by the hostilities. An analysis of the long history of the Ukrainian people has revealed that the main argument at all times was national pride, strength, will, love of nature, labour, respect and memory for their ancestors, and preservation of all the heritage left to posterity. A look at the nature of the destruction makes architects look for new approaches to the recovery process. And it is the strength of social relations of the Ukrainian people that can perhaps be a new concept of socialisation of the reconstruction process, especially in areas where all the features of the people are manifested in public spaces, which in this case is the central part of the village of Borodyanka.
 The concept does not imply a conventional reconstruction because a new generation will live in the city, but it should preserve the memory of its yesterday's past by giving it the opportunity to live, work, love and build a better country and its village than it was before the destruction. The article proposes the concept of complex thematic zones that will unite people, namely, raise the sociologisation of relations between residents of different age groups.
 The task of the concept is to build a central space in the village where the history of the settlement will be traced, demonstrating the energy power that the residents had in overcoming difficult times and the power of joy and desire to live and love their settlement. And it is extremely important to try to reflect the history with elements that are still understandable to everyone: landscaping, information, spirituality and gratitude.

FABRICATION OF TOTAL PROSTHESIS USING NEUTRAL ZONE CONCEPT: A CASE REPORT

In patients with severe residual ridge resorption and where implant treatment is not possible, traditional complete prosthesis construction becomes difficult. The neutral zone concept can be applied to increase the stability and compatibility of the prosthesis. The neutral zone concept significantly improves stabilization, especially in patients with advanced bone resorption, by placing an artificial tooth on the prosthesis in a neutral area where functional forces are removed. This case report aims to show the traditional full prosthesis production, which is produced by determining the neutral area for the patient with advanced bone destruction where implant treatment is not possible.

Cultural geographies II: In the critical zone? – Environments, landscapes and life

In this second review of recent cultural geography research, I use the concept of The Critical Zone (originally from US Geoscience) as a lens. The environment is far too voluminous a field of cultural geographic research to be surveyed here, but it is too significant a body of research to be overlooked. Here, three key dimensions of Critical Zone studies offer a means to navigate this work: (i) multi-scalar (temporal and spatial) considerations of matter, energy and forces; (ii) biotic and abiotic relations; and, (iii) a commitment to producing knowledge beyond disciplinary silos. Discussion explores each of these in turn before reflecting, to close, on what cultural geographical thought and practice might add to considerations of the criticality of the critical zone.

An anisotropic egg-shaped bounding surface model for saturated soft clay

An anisotropic egg-shaped bounding surface plasticity model (AESBS model) is proposed to describe cyclic and monotonic behaviors of saturated clays. The model is based on an innovative egg-shaped bounding surface, which not only eliminates the singularity present in most plasticity models and facilitates numerical calculation but also can be degenerated into various configurations. Moreover, to improve its representation when considering the initial consolidated state, an anisotropic tensor is incorporated into the bounding surface. Furthermore, a novel generalized isotropic hardening rule that combines isotropic and kinematic hardening is applied. It regards reversal stress points as homological mapping centers, hence leading to discrete and movable mapping centers. Notably, the elastic zone concept is employed to produce a more realistic performance of nonlinearity during cyclic loading. These modifications formulate the novel model that can be utilized to enhance the ability in predicting the behavior of saturated clays. To improve the convergence of the model, an implicit integration scheme is used to solved the constitutive relationship through some nonlinear algebraic equations. The comparison of simulation results and published experimental data from one-way undrained cyclic and monotonic triaxial tests for saturated clays demonstrates the efficiency of this model under different consolidated conditions.

Additive manufacturing new piston design and injection strategies for highly efficient and ultra-low emissions combustion in view of 2030 targets

Internal combustion engines have been the most effective solution as the main mover for mobility. Despite the recent European regulations targeting zero tailpipe CO2 emissions for new passenger cars and light vans from 2035 onwards, the upcoming emission regulations still require further technology and fuel developments in the transport sectors. In recent years, studies on internal combustion engines have been increasingly shifting from performance and refinement through advanced fuel injection and air charging technologies to ultra-low emissions and efficiency. Particular attention has also been paid to carbon–neutral fuels. The problem merits further investigation since all are key factors for the powertrain competitiveness in the electrified automotive future, as the pollutants and the CO2 emissions will soon approach the Euro 7 regulation and the Fit to 55 standards, respectively. To this aim, the combustion system design is a crucial part of the internal combustion engine development in the view of exploiting renewable fuel characteristics. This study seeks to assess the effectiveness of a steel piston, realized through a specific design for additive manufacturing technologies, enabling an innovative bowl geometry. It features a highly re-entrant sharp-step and radial lips bowl profile enabling spray separation and radial mixing zone concept. A single-cylinder compression ignition engine has been employed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the innovative bowl shape to meet the challenging future ultra-low emission targets. The results confirm the additive manufacturing technology as a possible solution for innovative highly-stressed steel piston designs. The new bowl shape design, combined with optimised spray targeting and injection strategies, allows outstanding soot reductions, up to 80%, and ultra-low NOx emission levels compared to the conventional combustion system. Gains in fuel economy are also observed. Further emissions advantages are expected with renewable fuel applications.

Introduction: Counter-stories from the Arctic Contact Zone

This special issue of Interventions presents essays from twelve scholars from the field of Arctic Humanities that collect, contextualize, and theorize micro-histories of encounters between Arctic Indigenous people or Arctic animals and European, Russian, and North American agents of empire in the long nineteenth century. In bringing out from Arctic archives Indigenous agencies, voices and aesthetic productions, animal presences and fates, the essays collected here contribute to ongoing academic efforts to decolonize knowledge on the region. This, in our case, means to (1) document the impact Euro-American and Russian imperialism had on human and animal life in the Arctic region; (2) foreground the knowledge, creative expressions, experience, resilience, and resistance of Indigenous individuals, peoples, and communities; and (3) expose the illusions of modern progress narratives (scientific, material, moral) that accompanied colonial ventures in the Arctic region. The Introduction to this special issue on “Counter-stories from the Arctic Contact Zone” presents a broad overview of the history of colonization in the areas of the Arctic (today’s Canada, Inuit Nunangat, Alaska, Kalaallit Nunaat [Greenland], Svalbard and Sápmi) that the essays address. It then sets the methodological framework for the essays through a discussion of postcolonial theory concerned with the politics of knowledge production and the possibilities and challenges of contrapuntal re-readings of the cultural archive. Central here is a discussion of how Mary Louise Pratt’s concept of the contact zone aids the discovery and documentation of counter-narratives that challenge and disrupt the colonialist meta-narratives that then supported empire and today continue to impact how dominant, capitalist cultures relate to, exploit, and extract from the Arctic region and its peoples.

Postcolonial Travel Writing: Ambivalence of Colonial Discourse in O.A Bushnell’s the Return of Lono

This paper analyzes O.A Bushnell’s the Return of Lono from postcolonial perspective, focusing on the ambivalence of colonial discourse and the resulting contradiction which ultimately undermine Western claim of superiority. This novel dramatizes the arrival of Captain Cook’s expedition on the Hawai’ian isles from the first-person perspective of Jonathan Forrest as he reminiscences of their prior expedition. The Westerners’ view of an idealized and imagined Hawai’i constructs Hawai’i as a space which is exotic and primitive while simultaneously promotes the idea of beauty and welcoming. While previously abiding on the Western paradigm which denigrates the natives as animalistic and savage Others, Forrest’s perspective unsettles this dominant thought and contextualizes the resulting ambivalence within colonial discourse. This paper employs the concept of contact zone as stated by Pratt and also the theory of colonial discourse and ambivalence as is proposed by Ashcroft et al. The finding concurs that every exertion of colonial thought will result in resistance as by nature, the colonial discourse itself is intertwined with ambivalence.

Objective composition of the legal regime of animal quarantine

The article examines the peculiarities of the object composition of the legal regime of animal quarantine. An important feature of the legal regime of animal quarantine has been established, which is the absence of a single clearly defined object. Such a property can be conventionally called multi-object, and the object is a multi-object, where the main object of the legal regime of animal quarantine is directly the epizootic, the derivative is the animal carriers of epizootics, and the general one is the quarantine territory as the carrier of the quarantine regime. Each of the listed objects has been considered. At the same time, it was established that the formation of a list of particularly dangerous animal diseases belongs to the competence of anti-epizootic bodies, and its definition is characterized by the corresponding transmissibility, when at the international level the list of such diseases that cause epizootics is compiled by the International Epizootic Bureau, and at the national level by each of the participating countries The Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications creates its own list of quarantine diseases specific to its territory. Attention is focused on the derived object, which recognizes animals as living beings different from humans, endowed with material signs of heterotrophy (feeding on ready-made organic compounds), mobile activity, metabolism, the presence of functional organ systems, the nervous system and feelings. the most general level of objects of the legal quarantine regime is the quarantine territory. It was established that the quarantine zone is generic, and the buffer, infected, and surveillance zone are species concepts, which at first glance looks quite acceptable. Difficulties arise when clarifying the essence and content of these specific categories, because their definition is carried out through the concept that is being defined. That is, buffer, infected, and surveillance zones are determined directly through the general concept of the zone, which complicates their perception, because it requires constant reference to the content of the original general concept. At the same time, the current veterinary legislation does not use the term «territory» to denote quarantine areas, operating with the concepts of quarantine zones. It was established that the belonging of animals to agricultural, domestic and wild causes different features of their quarantine regime.