Concept Of Wisdom Research Articles

EXPLORING COGNITIVE AND AFFECTIVE WISDOM IN C. S. LEWIS' CHRONICLES OF NARNIA: INSIGHTS INTO THOUGHT AND EMOTION

This qualitative study offers a comprehensive exploration of the complex wisdom embodied by Aslan, the central figure in C.S. Lewis's celebrated work, The Chronicles of Narnia. Grounded in Sternberg’s balance theory of wisdom, this research investigates both the cognitive and affective dimensions of Aslan's wisdom. Employing Creswell's thematic analysis approach, we closely examine Aslan's character to reveal a range of attributes that underpin his wisdom. Findings indicate that Aslan’s cognitive wisdom encompasses a profound understanding, strategic foresight, empathy, moral discernment, and a balanced response to adversity. These elements underscore his deep insight and the capacity to navigate complex moral landscapes. Moreover, his affective wisdom emerges through his compassion, bravery, and moral leadership, as he guides Narnia’s inhabitants. Through his actions, speech, and interactions, Aslan exemplifies an understanding of emotions, human connection, and the transformative impact of love and forgiveness. This study contributes to a deeper appreciation of wisdom as portrayed in literary narratives, illustrating how Aslan’s character models an integrated, multifaceted concept of wisdom.

John’s realised eschatology as an expression of the wisdom of God

Wisdom has often been assigned as an attribute of God and links to Wisdom theology in the fourth Gospel that are well presented in scholarship by the works of Sharon Ringe, Elizabeth Johnson, Jörg Frey and Mary Coloe. Yet, John’s Gospel never uses the term Wisdom. So, what scriptural evidence can demonstrate that a Wisdom theology can be found in the fourth Gospel? What is clear in John’s Gospel is that there has been a move from an apocalyptic eschatology to one that is realised and sapiential. Hence, this article attempts to show that this change in eschatological outlook can be linked to the first century understanding of the figure of Wisdom, who had emerged as a divine figure that brought the heavenly into the earthly realm. This article uses a literary critical approach, utilising the Bible as the primary source along with key Johannine biblical scholars, to show that through the use of the attributes of Wisdom, the Johannine evangelist and the Johannine community have appropriated the key aspects of the female divine Sophia onto the notion of the divine Logos, who is in John synonymous with Jesus, the Nazarene. Using scriptural texts from both the First and Second Testaments about the notion of Wisdom and the work of key Johannine scholars, this article shows how John’s use of the concept of Logos, also ascribed to Wisdom in Wisdom 18:15, strongly parallels the attributes of divine Wisdom. This article argues that although John’s Gospel does not explicitly use the term Wisdom, the parallels between the biblical concept of divine Wisdom and divine Logos are numerous. Eternal life is a central concept in John’s Gospel and only found in the biblical Wisdom literature in association with divine Wisdom (Wis 5:5). This notion of immortality or eternal life in the book of Wisdom was the quality of life that Sophia offered the righteous (Wis 6:18; 8:17, 21) and became a central theme in the Johannine narrative, considering their experience of Jesus’ resurrection being now, rather than in the future (Jn 4:23; 5:25). The centrality of the wisdom of God was reflected in the figure of divine Wisdom, who was named in the First Testament literature as God’s incarnated envoy. However, in the Second Testament in the person of Jesus, John’s Gospel showed that the divine Logos is a manifestation of divine Wisdom’s all-powerful Word, finding a resting place in human history, imbuing its eschatology with a realised focus rather than a futuristic focus.Contribution: This article deals with the attribute of Wisdom as it is associated with the understanding of who God is. God has revealed God’s self in creation and through scripture, by the figure of divine Wisdom and the figure of the divine Logos. These two figures share many common attributes, of which one central feature is that of providing human beings with the opportunity to enter eternal life with the Divine One.

The “Wisdom Poem” in Job 28 and its Role in Job’s Final Discourse (Job 27–31)

Abstract This article offers a fresh interpretation of Job 28 suggesting that it reflects the devout manifestation of the conventional concept of wisdom endorsed by Job’s friends. Articulated by Job, this serves as a rhetorical device in his counterargument to traditional wisdom and his challenge of God himself. The article further demonstrates that the “wisdom poem” is not an independent text but rather serves a distinct function in the rhetorical strategy of Job 27–31, which comprises Job’s final, emphatic rebuttal of his friends’ charges, framed as an oath of innocence.

Artificial intelligence, truth and wisdom: A Franciscan perspective

This article delves into how to live in truth and attain wisdom in the age of Artificial Intelligence (AI), using the Franciscan Tradition as a guide and reference. While AI can help expand our knowledge, it also blurs the line between truth and falsehood (1st part). The second part, drawing on Socrates' reflections on writing, explores the evolving concept of wisdom in the context of AI. The third part examines how the Franciscan Tradition has approached truth and wisdom. It is concluded that the Franciscan holistic and relational perspective can guide the development of AI towards creating a more humane and fraternal world.

Indigenous Knowledge for Environmental Conservation: An Ecocritical Approach to Silko’s Ceremony and Gardens in the Dunes

This paper examines the belief systems and ceremonies of the Native American people also known as American Indians or Indigenous tribal groups, exploring how their primitive ritual practices contribute to preserving the environment and maintaining the abundance of nature. The study argues that these people’s traditional wisdom which is based on close observations, one-to-one contact with the environment, and the first-hand experience sharpened over millennia, empowers them to understand the self-regulatory and self-renewal patterns of the natural world and take necessary precautions for environmental sustainability. To prove this argument, the study has undertaken Leslie Mormon Silko’s two major texts Ceremony and Gardens in the Dunes for textual analysis. Using ecocriticism as its theoretical framework, the study has borrowed insights from John Hannigan’s typologies of environmentalism, and Winona LaDuke or Gerald Vizenor’s concept of tribal wisdom. The finding of the study contends that indigenous knowledge plays a vital role in promoting natural balance and social equity. The study concludes that the conservation of natural environment ensures harmony, sustainable agriculture, development, and food security.

Sapiential Insights for Ultimate Wisdom and Intelligence Appraising the Qur’an and Science

The human body is an extremely intricate work of art, with systems and organs interacting to create what has been acknowledged as life. Among these intricate relationships, one of the most fascinating and significant is the one that has been recently discovered between the gut, the brain, and the heart. This discovery has potentially changed our fundamental reductionist, positivist and more precisely biochemical understanding of higher consciousness, wisdom intelligence etc, paving way for a more holistic comprehension which includes philosophical and epistemological analysis. More importantly, such changed paradigm, challenges the accepted dualisms and invites serious research to explore the interconnectedness of mind, body, and emotion. However, these discoveries sparked a surge of discussions among diverse Muslim scholars and researchers who seek to understand the Qur'anic concept of heart-interceded wisdom, as well as the reasons why the Qur'an insist and talks about heart as a reflection of man’s religiousness or piety. It is important to keep in mind that science and the Qur'an are two different discipline each with their own set of argument and approaches. For instance, science is an always changing discipline due to technological innovations while, the teachings of the Qur'an are constant, ageless, occasionally metaphorical or allegorical. In the light of this intricate landscape, science and the Qur'an may either support or challenge each other on various matters. Therefore, it is imperative to note that scientific knowledge should not be regarded as the ultimate source for comprehending the Qur'an. Nonetheless, many individuals explore scientific findings to deepen their faith and their comprehension of the Qur'an. So, in this exploratory article, we will delve into the heart-gut-brain relationship, its scientific underpinnings, and the implications it holds for our understanding of Qur'anic teachings, health, emotions, and consciousness.

Ценностные основания стратагемного мышления (на примере минских «Книг мудрости» 1614–1634 гг.)

In the history of human thought, the question of the human wisdom nature, or the possibility to gain it, has never assumed a simple solution. Chinese thinkers and philosophers answered this question in different ways. The secular and practical character of understanding the concept of wisdom in the Chinese intellectual tradition was largely due to the influence of the ethical and political doctrine of Confucianism. From the point of view of Confucian ethics, the idea of using tricks and gimmicks was considered rather dubious. In the history of Chinese thought, there were periods when the intellectual elite had time to realize the beginning of a crisis in society and tried not only to theorize stratagem thinking, but also to find sufficient ethical grounds for applying stratagems in routine practices. The last third of the Ming dynasty reigning, when A Complete Book of Wisdom was written, was just such a period. At the same time, there was a serious value guidelines transformation of the educated class in China, which could also act as one of the factors in developing interest in stratagems and stratagem thinking. The aim of the article is to analyze the transformation of the value system of Chinese intellectuals, who lived in the last third of the Ming dynasty, and identify the value grounds of stratagem thinking described in A Complete Book of Wisdom. The article presents a classification of relevant factors that influenced the transformation of the value system of educated people under the late Ming. It describes and systematizes the data on the attitude of Ming emperors to educated people and Confucian ethical-political doctrine. The struggle not only for real power but also for symbolic power in the area of values and ideals was one of the drivers for the transformation of the value system. In addition, the commercialization of life and mass culture was the main factor in the significant change of Confucian philosophy. The article presents the analysis of educated people feelings and attitudes, which entailed changes in approaches to the process of knowledge and social practices. Thus, under the late Ming dynasty, there was the development of new models of social conflict resolution and value grounds of stratagem thinking.

Book review: Tomasz Leś, Concepts of wisdom in the philosophy of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle, Jagiellonian University Publishing House, Kraków 2016, 168 pp.

Artykuł stanowi recenzję książki Tomasza Lesia - "Koncepcje mądrości w filozofii Sokratesa".

Implementasi Kebijakan Dan Intervensi Politik Terkait Lingkungan Hidup Dalam Pembangunan Berkelanjutan

Sustainable development is a development paradigm that is directly related to the balance of nature or the environment, just as the paradigm of sustainable development is a concept that is accepted as a political agenda of development for all countries in the world where the relationship between economy and ecology is important in the discussion of sustainable development itself. Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs The concept of sustainable development is a necessity to reconcile economic development, quality of life, and the environment in a diverse political framework that is interrelated at the international and global levels. Thus, it can be concluded that the meaning of sustainable development cannot be separated from environmental sustainability. A sustainable environment is expected to support human life. Sustainabledevelopment that is environmentally sound is able to improve the quality of life of present and future generations. Therefore, it is necessary to review the concept of local wisdom that exists in legislation and other Regulations that hierarchically exist under it to close loopholes and fence in such a way that the claims of local wisdom remain sacred and not easily perverted casually by the detractors of commercial economic interests for a moment. On the other hand, it is necessary to be aware of political elites and stakeholders to avoid intervention and political content of decisions taken by the government in intervening in cases of environmental damage under the pretext of natural disasters which are part of the bad side of law enforcement for environmental destruction, especially in the application of Strict Liability without having to prove a mistake.

Cultivating Digital Wisdom in the Deep Future

The central focus of this paper is on the concept of Digital Wisdom, which is defined as the degree to which a person is in conscious relationship with digital environments and technologies. The author identifies and discusses the three domains of Digital Wisdom: “know thyself,” “know the humans,” and “know the machines.” Through a comprehensive analysis of literature, tools, and processes, the author provides insights into how netizens – individuals in online environments – can develop Digital Wisdom within each of these domains. The article also explores the interplay between the three domains and highlights the potential consequences of AI advancements on human cognition and mental well-being. By offering a detailed framework for cultivating Digital Wisdom, this paper contributes to the ongoing discourse on fostering a more balanced and holistic approach to understanding and engaging with the digital world amidst the rapidly advancing AI landscape, and in doing so create a Deep Future.

Wisdom and the Bible in Teaching-Learning through Global Service Experiences.

The authors, who are nursing faculty members and leaders at a faith-based institution of higher education, discuss their concept of wisdom and how it guides their teaching and practice. Wisdom is seen by them as a universal humanuniverse living experience that is inspired and cocreated with their faith and understanding of God with others. They apply the concept of wisdom in global service experiences that their institution supports. These experiences strengthen their inherent core whatness as they cocreate what is important in the moment while participating in teaching-learning.

The Results of Evolution, Wisdom, and Identity of Indigo-Dyed Fabric in Northeastern (Isan) Thailand

This qualitative research aims to study the evaluation, wisdom, and identity of indigo-dyed fabric in Northeastern (Isan) Thailand. The cultural inheritance concept, the beliefs associated with textile wisdom concept, the wisdom concept, the cultural diffusion theory, the evolution theory, the structural functionalism theory, and the identity theory were used as theoretical frameworks. Data were collected from documents and fieldwork using research instruments including surveys, and interviews. Descriptive analysis was used to analyse and present this data. The study revealed the extensive history of Isan indigo-dyed fabric, tracing its evolution from 1897 to 2022, which can be divided into four distinct periods: 1) Emergence of evidence in Isan (1897–1941); 2) Decline (1942–1969); 3) Revival (1970–2016); and 4) Transition into the creative economy (2017–2022). Wisdom surrounding indigo-dyed fabric was explored across four dimensions: 1) Production process, 2) Functions, 3) Patterns, and 4) Beliefs. The identity of Isan indigo-dyed fabric was classified into three main categories: 1) Individual identity, encompassing the production process and beliefs; 2) Collective identity, which includes colours, patterns, and usages or functions; and 3) Sociocultural identity, embodied by the discourse “World of Indigo” shaped by societal and cultural acceptance. These findings underscored the pivotal role of social changes in facilitating the inheritance and preservation of wisdom. Therefore, transforming indigo-dyed fabric into a product of economic significance with widespread acceptance, ultimately solidifying its status as a cultural heritage.

Pengembangan Kurikulum PAI Berbasis Kearifan Lokal

This research aims to develop an Islamic Religious Education (PAI) curriculum that integrates local wisdom values ​​to enrich students' learning experiences and support the development of their character and competencies. This research uses a library research approach to develop an Islamic Religious Education (PAI) curriculum based on local wisdom, by collecting and analyzing information from related books and scientific journals. Data collection techniques include identification, collection, classification and content analysis of relevant literature. The collected data was then analyzed descriptively to describe the concept of local wisdom, principles of curriculum development, and examples of implementing PAI based on local wisdom. The results of this analysis are synthesized to form a conceptual framework and produce practical recommendations for relevant curriculum development. The result of this work, namely the development of an Islamic Religious Education (PAI) curriculum based on local wisdom, is a complex effort involving analysis of local needs, intensive training for teachers, as well as the development of relevant and contextual teaching materials. By utilizing interactive learning strategies and collaboration with local communities, this curriculum becomes more relevant and meaningful for students, helping them understand local religious and cultural values. Regular evaluations ensure the effectiveness of the integration of local wisdom, while strong collaboration with community leaders and parents strengthens the relationship between the school and the community. The implication of this effort is to create more meaningful learning, increase students' understanding of religious and cultural values, and empower teachers to create a dynamic and inspiring learning environment.

Building a wisdom community through femtoring/mentoring: Latinx faculty and students at a Hispanic-serving institution

PurposeThe purpose is to gain insight into the benefits of mentoring and using femtoring as an inclusive approach for minoritized and underrepresented students and faculty, who are often challenged in feeling welcomed, included and valued at higher education institutions.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a qualitative inquiry design, in which focus groups, interviews and participant testimonios were collected throughout spring and fall 2022. Testimonio and plática (dialogue) techniques were employed to allow participants to describe their journeys in college and as members of the femtoring/mentoring program.FindingsUndergraduate students as mentees/femtees enjoyed finding a place and space to develop meaningful and positive relationships with other students and Latinx faculty. Faculty and graduate students as femtors/mentors perceived their relationships with students as enriching and energizing, practicing values like transparency, honesty and care.Research limitations/implicationsThe study included participants of a specific mentoring program whose experiences and opinions might differ from others. Additionally, persons from other minority groups could experience inequities and unfair practices in college in different ways and find other forms of support.Practical implicationsHispanic-serving institutions (HSIs) must create programs that promote student–faculty community and collaboration. It is also critical to inform international faculty about Latinx students’ characteristics and needs. Training sessions for graduate students and faculty in leadership and mentoring at HSIs are equally significant in fostering an inclusive and supportive educational environment.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the literature on mentoring practices to support Latinx students in their college journeys and prepare faculty of color for their mentoring and coaching roles. Femtoring and communities of wisdom concepts were applied to a specific femtoring/mentoring program.

Problem-Based Learning With Tri Kaya Parisudha Model to Improve The Mathematical Problem-Solving Skills and Character of Elementary School Students

Objective: Problem solving skills and character education are two important things that should be promoted in Indonesia education system. To promote those two things, an effective teaching model is needed. Thus, this research attempts to analyze the effectiveness of Problem-Based Learning with the Tri Kaya Parisudha model to improve elementary school students' mathematical problem-solving skills and character. This teaching model was developed using Balinese local wisdom concept. Theoretical Framework: Some theories were used in this study. They were problem-based learning, tri kaya parisudha, problem-solving skills, and characteristics of young learners. Method: This study used a quasi-experimental approach and involved with 130 students as the study samples. Specifically, the study was conducted by following post-test only control group design. The researchers used questionnaires and problem-solving ability tests to collect the study data. In this study, the questionnaires and post-test results were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Simultaneously, inferential statistical analysis using the MANOVA test was performed. Results and Discussion: The analysis shows that problem-based learning with Tri Kaya Parisudha model effectively improves elementary school student's mathematical problem-solving skills and character. Thus, it is recommended that problem-based learning with Tri Kaya Parisudha model to be used by the elementary schools that have problems in improving their students’ mathematical problem-solving skills and character. Research Implications: Integrating local wisdom in teaching mathematical problem-solving skills and character brings some positive effects for the students. Originality/Value: Local wisdom is normaly considered as something traditional and not compatible with current era. However, this study found that local wisdom, especially tri kaya parisudha concept is still relevant to our current education system.

Development of a Geography Module with a Disaster Mitigation Learning Model Based on the Concept of Local Wisdom in Disaster Preparedness

Ternate City is one of the areas that has a high level of disaster vulnerability in Indonesia. In addition, the level of public awareness and knowledge about disaster experiences the highest level of vulnerability to local disasters, such as landslides, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions. as for the purpose of this research is). Developing a disaster mitigation learning model based on the concept of local wisdom in disaster preparedness?. And designing disaster mitigation lessons based on the concept of local wisdom in disaster preparedness? . The 4-d model consists of four stages, namely: definition, design, development, and deployment. Researchers have developed a disaster mitigation geography learning module based on the concept of local wisdom in disaster preparedness, especially at State Senior High School 5 Ternate City. The results of the development of learning modules can be seen from the aspect of content 82.23% with proper qualifications, the aspect of the science and technology community model 85% with very decent qualifications, the aspect of format 82% with very decent qualifications, the language aspect 93% with very good qualifications. proper qualifications and presentation aspects of 80% with proper qualifications. While the average value of the validator results is 85.5%. in addition to disaster mitigation learning materials, namely, types of disaster characteristics and disaster management cycles, distribution of disaster-prone areas in Indonesia, disaster management through education, local wisdom and use of technology and the role of society in natural disaster mitigation. In addition, the subjects at State Senior High School 5 Kota Ternate showed that the assessment results of highly qualified students were 75%, and the assessment of students with very high qualifications was 8.33%, while those with high qualifications were moderate student assessment qualifications of 16%. It can be concluded that teacher learning teaches students to understand learning material well, both from learning modules and community technology science models that are applied in learningKeywords: Geography Module, Disaster Mitigation, Local wisdom, Disaster Preparedness

Optimalisasi Moderasi Beragama dalam Menunjang Terwujudnya SDG's Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat Bugis

Indonesia as a multicultural and multireligious country is one of the gifts as well as problems that are often feared to cause multiple interpretations that cause divisions between tribes or even religions. This study aims to determine the application of religious moderation in educational institutions, to find out the concept of local wisdom of the Bugis community, to determine the correlation of Islamic education with local wisdom of the Bugis community, to find out the optimization of religious moderation in supporting SDG's based on local wisdom of the Bugis community. The type of research that the author used in this study was qualitative research. Qualitative research is a study aimed at describing and analyzing phenomena, events, social activities, attitudes, beliefs, perceptions, thoughts of people individually and in groups. The approach used in this study is a sociological approach and a psychological approach. This research was conducted at SMA Negeri 13 Bone. The data analysis is carried out in stages; data reduction, completing the selection of collected data based on the relevance of the research topic; presentation of data, displaying data according to the problems discussed in this study; and verification or drawing conclusions, making corrections and checking with relevant sources and journals so that conclusions can be made. The results showed a lack of student understanding related to religious moderation, so optimization, introduction and socialization to students are needed in order to be able to understand religious moderation well as supporting the realization of SDG's.

Arts and Crafts Management Model of Baan Huai Ta Community, Utttaradit Province

Purpose: The objectives of the present research on the arts and crafts management model of Baan Huai Ta community, Uttaradit province were to analyze the community arts and crafts management model; develop the community arts and crafts management model; and evaluate the community arts and crafts management model of Baan Huai Ta, Uttaradit Province. Theoretical Framework: This study employs the concept of local wisdom and product development and design. Design/Methodology/Approach: The procedures involved building a network, acquiring knowledge, developing a community arts and crafts management model, developing community arts and crafts, evaluating the community arts and crafts management model. A qualitative research was employed consisting of observation, in-depth interviews, focus group discussion, and participatory action. Findings: The analysis of community arts and crafts management model suggested the area-based potential of Baan Huai Ta with arts and crafts abilities including weaving, wickerwork, and wood carving. Her Majesty Queen Sirikit had graciously supported people in the community to receive career development trainings in arts and crafts intended to offer extra jobs for generating more income. Their products were delivered for distribution to the Bureau of the Royal Household and the Arts and Crafts Promotion Foundation. Research Practical and Social Implication: Evaluation results of community arts and crafts works were as follow: increased value at a highest level; design concept at a highest level; selection of raw materials at a highest level; production process at a highest level; quality and beauty at a highest level; increased value added at a very high level; creating identity at a very high level; and generating value added at a very high level. The arts and crafts management model of Baan Huai Ta community, Uttaradit province comprised 4 components namely: analysis of community context; analysis of community management//network building; development of arts and crafts; and evaluation of arts and crafts management model. Originality/Value: The development of community arts and crafts management models focused on the designs with applied local wisdom to provide community products. The design concept is based on the link of science and knowledge in coordination with applied local materials to develop community products with an aim to bring about value added, self-reliance, as well as group forming. This had led to the development of products consisting of 12 pieces of fabric art and craft products, 2 pieces of carving art and craft products, and 8 pieces of wickerwork arts and crafts products, totaling 22 products.

Emergence of a Constructivist Theory on Nurses’ Caring Decisions for Patients Being Withdrawn from Ventilatory Support

This research is centered on developing a constructivist grounded theory that reflects how intensive care unit (ICU) nurses carry out their caring decisions for patients withdrawn from ventilatory support as captured from the Filipino context. To frame an exhaustive discussion, the researcher utilized Charmaz’s constructivist grounded theory approach with semi-structured interviews, observational field notes, and memos as data collection methods. Employing theoretical sampling, twenty senior ICU nurses, four doctors and ten patients’ family members provided data that formulated the theory. The formulated core category of Perspicacity in Caring Decisions is indicated by ICU nurses' ability to develop a deeper concept of wisdom and understanding gained through clinical and life experiences. This constructivist theory stands on a strong foundation built from five interlinked subcategories: Voicing Out, Establishing realities, Navigating transitions, Taking the time, and Serving a Good Death. This brings together and contextualizes what was happening throughout the processes of nurses’ end-of-life caring decisions. This research concludes that moving into a realm where death becomes an acceptable outcome, recognizing the Filipino cultural background, the patient made comfortable, and their family supported to understand the change of direction in approach are essential parts of the nurses’ caring decisions.

Deconstructing wisdom through a cultural lens: Folk understandings of wisdom and its ontology in the Philippines and Sri Lanka.

In many contemporary societies, misinformation, epistemic arrogance, and intergroup conflict pose serious threats to social cohesion and well-being. Wisdom may offer a potential antidote to these problems, with a recently identified Common Wisdom Model (CWM) suggesting that wisdom involves epistemic virtues such as intellectual humility, openness to change, and perspective-taking. However, it is unclear whether these virtues are central for folk concepts of wisdom in non-Western contexts. We explored this question by conducting focus group discussions with 174 participants from the Philippines and Sri Lanka, two countries facing socio-political and economic challenges. We found that epistemic themes were common in both countries, but more so when participants were asked to define wisdom in general terms rather than to describe how it is acquired or expressed in daily lives. Moreover, epistemic themes were more prevalent among Filipino than Sri Lankan participants, especially when the questions posed were abstract rather than concrete. We discuss how these findings relate to the CWM and the socio-cultural contexts of the two countries, and suggest that a question format should be considered in cross-cultural research on wisdom.