Concept Of Welfare State Research Articles

Corporate Social Responsibility in the Rule of Law and Welfare State Concept

The provision of the Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Company on Corporate Social Responsibility has changed the nature of such responsibility from voluntary into mandatory. Similarly, it strengthened welfare state (verzorgings staat) concept as commanded by Article 33 (3) and (4) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Denaturing of this Corporate Social Responsibility is progressively assured by the Decision of Indonesian Constitutional Court, so that responsibility must be performed as legal responsibility or mandatory.

Pergulatan Paham Negara Kesejahteraan (Welfare State) dan Negara Regulasi (Regulatory State) dalam Perkara Konstitusional

The concept of Welfare State principally can be applied along with the Regulation State. Welfare refers to the dream of a nation and here carrying out the function of regulatory is a means to achieve it. The alignment of these two concepts is possible. The issue concerned in this study is a debate in the decisions of the Constitutional Court regarding the application to understand the Welfare State and Obligation State in Constitution. The issue is focused on the economic affairs and social welfare, especially in the formation of bodies that have power in ruling as stated in Article 33 and Article 34 of the 1945 Constitution. The issue of this research is regarding the Constitutional Court ruling to dissolve the Executive Agency for Oil and Gas but on the other hand there is the Constitutional Court decision confirming the existence of Social Security Agency. In fact, both are the legal entities established by the state to perform the control and regulation. This research used normative-juridical method and concluded that the Constitution insists on applying the concept of the Welfare State, but it does not mean that there is no space for the development of the concept of Regulation State. Today, granting a ruling authority to certain bodies is inevitable in order to lighten the State burden.

The Concept of Welfare State in Indonesia as a Strategic Move to Win People Trust Through Economic Sustainability: Good Governance and Bank Conduct on Bank Debt Cancellation Due to Natural Disasters

Natural disasters are unavoidable events for any country and they may carry impacts on debts extended by banks to their debtors/customers. Bad debts due to natural disasters are categorized as force majeure that may result in cancellation. Such concept of debt cancellation is part of credit risks in the form of losses that banks have provided reserves for, whereas to be eligible the problem debtor must be directly affected by the disaster.In a philosophy of welfare state, the real practice of debt cancellation for those directly affected by disasters shall nurture trust value to the government of its country, where the government will then be seen as the people’s savior. In addition, not only initiate trust to the government but especially also nurturing trust towards the banks. The bank’s strategic role is as an institution providing money for funding and investments to invigorate people to expand their businesses. Having nurturing trust issues as the foundation of good conduct both in government and bank shall affect to the future more investment back to the bank which as result build a more sustainable people economy power as a strong national economic under the lead of good government. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n20p2498

Hybridity and Nonprofit Organizations

The emergent research on hybrid organizations is complicated by three circumstances: (a) the assertion that every organization possesses traits of hybridity, (b) the difficulty of operationalizing sector intersections in research, and (c) the alienation of the research field from nonprofit theory. This article proposes a research agenda for the study of hybridity that relates more strongly to the latter. It results in questions of significant explanatory potential, for instance, How does hybridity relate to market failure? How are legitimacy, trust, and accountability ensured if the nondistribution constraint is being abandoned? Which form transitions and innovations are being produced by hybridity? These questions have to be reflected against a variety of welfare state concepts and policy tools, such as tax credits or contracts, that may be used to govern hybridity. This article furthermore suggests that research on hybridity would benefit from relating nonprofit theory to disciplinary approaches, such as institutional theory or organizational life cycles.

HR Practices, Job satisfaction & Employees' motivation: A case study of a non-profit organization in Pakistan.

In today’s world where technology, advancement, trade, business and modernization has been increasing day by day countries are emphasizing on business sector and individuals are focusing on earning more and more money but some peoples are still depressed and deprived due to rampant inflation and poor economic conditions the only solution for their problems are non-profit organizations. In developing countries like Pakistan where government is not providing basic necessities to their citizen where the concept of welfare state does not exist these non-profit organizations’ contribution is worth mentioning. The management practices, the satisfaction and motivation level of the personnel working in these nonprofit organizations should be given importance because they are serving the humanity. A number of researches have been conducted on human resource practices and their impact on job satisfaction and employee motivation but most of the studies have been done in developed countries a few have been done in developing countries but the non-profit sector has not given too much importance keeping in view the importance and ignorance of non-profit sector this study has been conducted in a non-profit organization of metropolitan city of Pakistan, Karachi. The purpose of the study is to explore the human resource practices of non-profit organizations and to determine the satisfaction and motivation level of the individuals working in non-profit organization. Case study method has been adopted for this study and questionnaires have been filled separately for human resource practices from HR executives of studied organization as well from general employees for satisfaction and motivation. On the basis of collected data the study revealed that non-profit organizations are not performing all the human resource practices and the satisfaction and motivation level of individuals working in non-profit organizations is very low.

A fiskális politika vizsgálata a PaCifiCa országaiban

Latin-Amerikában évtizedeken keresztül meghatározó tényező volt a volatilitás, melyet az egyes országok az elmúlt évtizedek reformsorozatainak köszönhetően kisebb-nagyobb sikerrel küszöböltek ki. A globalizálódó világ kihívásaira válaszul a térségben regionális integrációk is születtek. A legutóbb létrejött integráció a PaCifiCa, melynek megalakulása kapcsán érdemes megvizsgálni a tagállamok fiskálishelyzetét, amely nagymértékben meghatározza a jövőbeni együttműködés sikerességét. Habár a vizsgált négy ország a 2007–2009-es válságot stabilnak mondható fundamentumokkal vészelte át, a visszaesés rávilágított a köztük lévő különbségekre is: amíg Chile és Peru kontraciklikus fiskális politikát alkalmazva könnyen tud reagálni a ciklikus kilengésekre, addig Kolumbia és Mexikó gazdasága sokkal sebezhetőbb. A jóléti rendszerek vizsgálata pedig megmutatja, hogy bár Chile kiterjedt jóléti rendszerrel rendelkezik, a térség országai továbbra is jelentősen elmaradnak a hagyományos értelemben vett jóléti állam fogalmától.
 Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) kód: H50, H60

Whether Abundant Contractual Power to Executive is Hindrance in Attainment of Welfare State – Critical Analysis

State responsibilities have changed with the passage of time. It is nowhere near a “laissez faire” economy that used to exist early era, where there was less intervention of sovereign in economic activities. Now the concept of welfare state exists in the modern society. Constitution of India, under directive principle of state policy, has rightly inclined the burden on state to engage itself in the welfare of society. So in this regards government has to either engage itself to accomplish activities; or enter into contract with private individuals to allocate its work, towards fulfilling its objective of establishing welfare state. Contact entered by and for the purpose of state is different from contract obligation entered into by the private parties. This paper duly focuses on the procedural irregularities present in the government machinery. Massive corruption is prevalent in the government mechanism, which is acting as a hindrance in establishing our country into “A welfare state”. Whether this objective welfare state is an unattainable goal? A big question mark on the face of Indian democracy. In wake to all arising questions measures for controlling arbitrariness, favoritism and Discrimination in Governmental Contracts has also been prescribed in this research.

Leisure Politics

This article ties the expansion of the (European) welfare state model to Belgian national politics and exemplifies how welfare state concepts, such as universalism and decommodification, were adopted in the political campaign for Flemish nationalism in a country on its path to federalism. It focuses on the construction of leisure infrastructure in Flanders, the northern (Flemish-speaking) region of the country, and scrutinizes the role that planning, urbanism, and architecture played in the political project that was set up to strengthen the Flemish community and craft a sense of Flemish cultural identity. It furthermore relates these developments to the situation of pillarization in the country and explicates the convergence of these different forces by narrating the developments in one (telling) case study municipality (Dilbeek) in the Flemish border of the capital city.

Leisure Politics: The Construction of Social Infrastructure and Flemish Cultural Identity in Belgium, 1950s to 1970s

This article ties the expansion of the (European) welfare state model to Belgian national politics and exemplifies how welfare state concepts, such as universalism and decommodification, were adopted in the political campaign for Flemish nationalism in a country on its path to federalism. It focuses on the construction of leisure infrastructure in Flanders, the northern (Flemish-speaking) region of the country, and scrutinizes the role that planning, urbanism, and architecture played in the political project that was set up to strengthen the Flemish community and craft a sense of Flemish cultural identity. It furthermore relates these developments to the situation of pillarization in the country and explicates the convergence of these different forces by narrating the developments in one (telling) case study municipality (Dilbeek) in the Flemish border of the capital city.

Sociological Jurisprudence - Theory of Roscoe Pound

During the 19th century the concept of police state began to wither away and the concept of welfare state took precedence due to rapid increase in population, social revolutions leading to social unsettlement. Analytical positivism in such matters failed to meet the demands of social stability giving way to sociological approaches of law. Sociological jurisprudence a part of sociology (the science of social order and progress) predicts and prescribes social behaviour, led to the distinction between a legal sociologist and sociological jurist. In the said context Roscoe Pound's theory of sociological jurisprudence, firstly talks of a factual study, secondly social investigations, thirdly just and reasonable solutions and lastly the achievement of the purposes of various laws. He likened the task of lawyer to that of an engineer - to build an efficient structure of society with the satisfaction of the maximum of once with the minimum of friction and waste. It speaks about balancing of conflicting interests or defactor claims wherein the interests are categorised into individual public and social. The theory gives predominance to social interests as compared to public and individual interests.

Brief history of market regulation primarily from the point of view of price regulation

This paper discusses the brief history of market (price) regulation of electricity and gas. The fight against monopolies has a history of more than 100 years in the USA. In this article, I focus on price regulation, which represents a narrower section of regulation. In the paper I discuss the phases of this regulation: Appearance of anti-monopoly combat; New Deal and the welfare state (and the concept of welfare state in Hungary in the nineties); Liberalisation; Bargaining and agreement. The old definition of regulation is modified in the following way: regulation democratically controls the prices, sales, and production of companies, and influences these in order to achieve certain social objectives.

The Eroding Scenerio of State and the Claim of Fundamental Rights: A Critique

The legal relationship between the individual and the state has evolved over the years. The individual enjoys civil, political and social rights which may be regarded as amounting to a “Citizenship of entitlement. The Indian Constitution from its Preamble itself shows the concept of welfare state, where the people have been given certain rights under the category of civil, political, social, economic and cultural rights. Notable feature in respect of the Right under Indian Constitution is that are Constitution divide the rights into two categories: a) civil and political rights, which are placed in the form of of Fundamental Rights under Part-III of the Constitution. b) Social economic and cultural rights which are placed in the form of the Directive Principles of State Policy under Part-IV of Indian Constitution. As we know that framers of the Constitution provided Fundamental Rights to the people as a very core for just, reasonable and dignified subsistence of their life in the country. It is to be kept in mind that though Fundamental Rights are enforceable by court of law yet they are to be enforced against state as defined under Article 12 of the Constitution. But in this paper the researcher starts with the discussion that how many instrumentalities can come under the purview of state as defined in Article 12 and how the actual enforcement of Fundamental Rights is taken place thereof.

REFLEXIONES SOBRE LAS EVOLUCIONES RECIENTES EN MATERIA DE PROTECCIÓN DE RIESGOS SOCIALES A NIVEL INTERNACIONAL

This piece of work intends to highlight different levels of coverage of the social risks, showing its evolution and problems. The Welfare state concept and Social Security are analyzed as traditional mechanisms of coverage indicating its deficiencies from a comparative point of view. These two levels are added one of social protection that intends to be established by the ILO to strengthen the two former levels. We find a critique to this social protection level regarding its non-normative character and to its disconnection to the other two levels.

The active welfare state

This article briefly presents an overview of the evolution of both the social security and Welfare State's concepts, in order to thoroughly examine the relationsbetween social security and rights to labor and to a freely chosen occupation. Some cases are then presented, to better show the importance of such rights for the new configuration of social security: the Active Welfare State.

The welfare state: a glossary for public health

Recently, there has been a surge in comparative social epidemiology, and a sizeable amount of this has examined the relation between different aspects of the welfare state and population health....

KRITIK TERHADAP SISTEM EKONOMISOSIALIS DAN KAPITALIS

The failure of economic capitalism system stated by Adam Smith (1723-1790) and David Ricardo (1772-1823) actually have been criticized by Karl Marx (1818-1883) in his book "A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy" (1857) and "A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy" (1859). Karl Marx and Engels compile a new synthesis of economic socialist system. Stranger enough, socialism particularly as economic ideology is destroyed earlier than Capitalism. Meanwhile, capitalism still survives by transforming performance. For examples, at the time of the glory of Socialism age, capitalism was transformed into socialism state with social justice and welfare state concepts, and when Islam began to rise, it was transformed into new performance as if it has characteristic of Islam, but in fact it is still capitalism. This writing tries to criticize both of them by Islamic economic perspective.

Whither Welfare States? The Lessons from Fast‐Growing East Asian Emerging Economies and the Grameen Bank Model

The concept of welfare state gained popularity during the period when the free market mechanism already established its pre‐eminence. The free market mechanism of the west together with the personal freedom being nurtured in an environment of democratic political institutions led to the emergence of the welfare state. The reason why the welfare state gained popularity during the period when the industrialized world was enjoying economic prosperity was because of the growing need for protecting the rights of citizens from any unforseen events regardless of their existing socio‐economic conditions.

Intergenerational Transfers, Social Solidarity, and Social Policy: Unanswered Questions and Policy Challenges

AbstractIntergenerational transfers are the essence of societal continuity, and yet not at all well conceptualized or analysed. Intergenerational transfers are also at the core of the welfare state concept of redistribution of resources and hence, of current social policy changes/challenges. In making a difference to policy choices and in linking research to policy, attention to intergenerational transfers focusses on the fundamental policy questions of guiding belief systems, family (or private) transfers versus public transfers among generations, and issues of intergenerational and cohort equity in the short and longer terms. This paper has four objectives: (1) Situating intergenerational transfers in socio-historical, international comparative, and current social policy contexts; (2) Developing a typology of intergenerational transfers that could provide the basis for answering thus far unanswerable key policy questions, such as whether the situations of seniors into future generations will be like those of seniors today; (3) Encouraging the collection of more complete and integrated data on intergenerational transfers in Canada, which would provide for more informed policy choices; and (4) Enumerating key policy questions that emerge from research and remain to be addressed. From analysis of what is known about intergenerational transfers and what remains to be known, an agenda for an information system, for future research and for addressing policy questions is outlined.

Inequality, the New Right and mental health care delivery in the United States in the Reagan era

This essay draws upon research on mental health treatment and provision in the San Francisco Bay Area in 1988, and is part ofa wider US-UK com parative study. The main concern is to examine the linkages between pub lic policy and inequalities in mental health care delivery in one local area. In opposition to the concept of the welfare state, a primary stance of the New Right and of the Reagan administration has been the belief in the necessity ofsocial hierarchies based on wealth. The consequences of poli cies predicated on these beliefs were studied at a local mental health sys tem, where it was found that economic factors strongly influence access to and experience in the system. Principally through drawing upon data from 42 in-depth focussed interviews with mental health professionals in the San Francisco Bay Area, I examine how the poor are excluded from treat ment, how patients are dumped from the private sector, and how a com plex triage system in both public and private treatment settings has come into being.

Medical Care, Welfare State, and Deindustrialization in the Southern Cone

The Spanish-speaking countries of the Southern Cone (Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay) have long been characterized as the welfare states of Latin America. This myth is challenged by reviewing the role of the state in the financing of medical care. The Bismarkian model of medical-care financing is reexamined through the theoretical insights derived from bureaucratic authoritarianism. State concessions to the labor force in the form of medical-care benefits are now less crucial to labor's relationship with the state than they have been at any other time in the postwar period, and they remain independent of whether the military remain in power. Comparative aspects of medical-care financing, industrialization policies, and state–labor relations indicate that structural constraints—in the form of securing export-product niches, labor costs, and the threat of military intervention—have cast medical-care benefits in a relatively inferior position when the labor force bargains with management or with the state. Deindustrialization has forced thousands of workers into jobs that lack the comprehensive medical benefits that once characterized the traditional industrial sector. The welfare-state concept has given way to a new ideology that emphasizes individual choices in life-style and encourages medical-program affiliation according to income levels.